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1
Sauvageau, Marie-Josée. "Temps, science et enigme dans trois romans de Barjavel". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65414.pdf.
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Vesely-Lesourd, Nathalie. "Que veut mon enfant ? : La nécessaire fonction subjectivante de l'énigme pour la mère". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2037.
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A partir de la clinique de l’enfant et de la mère dans les lieux d’accueil de la petite enfance il s’agit de montrer qu’il existe dans le positionnement maternel, un point de structure relatif à l’énigme, celle que le désir de l’enfant constitue pour la mère, qui est nécessaire pour ouvrir le champ dans lequel la subjectivité de l’enfant pourra se construire. En reprenant la construction subjective de l’enfant dans son lien à la mère nous montrons que lorsque l’énigme qu’est l’enfant pour la mère vient à être empêchée par le savoir scientifique ou névrotique de la mère, la construction subjective de l’enfant se trouve entravée.Nous examinons ensuite les conditions du savoir social sur les pratiques maternantes pour montrer qu’à la différence des temps « anciens » qui reposaient sur le mythe, toujours énigmatique, pour rendre compte des rapports sociaux et donc éducatifs, les temps actuels reposent sur une croyance au savoir scientifique qui évacue la question de l’énigme au profit de la réponse. Les pratiques éducatives prises dans cette croyance au savoir « bien faire » viennent mettre à mal la place vide que réserve l’énigme et dans laquelle l’enfant peut venir développer sa subjectivité, laissant ainsi au-devant de la scène clinique ces psychopathologies modernes que sont les « dys » et les troubles du développement. C’est alors dans la rencontre avec le clinicien que l’enfant pourra retrouver sa nécessaire position d’énigme, qui ouvre à une rencontre avec un regard qui l’unifie, au lieu de le figer, et qui ainsi lui réouvre la dimension de l’amour toujours énigmatiqueFrom the clinic with child and mother in early childhood reception areas, we demonstrate that exist in mother attitude in front of her child, a point of structure about enigma, desire of the child for the mother. This enigma is required to open the field in which the subjectivity of the child can grown. By resuming the construction subjective of the child in its relationship with the mother we show that when the enigma, that is the child for the mother, comes to be prevented by scientific or neurotic knowledge of the mother, construction of subjective child is hampered.Then we examine the conditions for social knowledge about mothering practices to show that unlike the "old" time that are relied on the myth, always enigmatic, to account for the social and educational relations, current time based on a belief to scientific knowledge which removes the issue of the puzzle for the benefit of the response. Educational practices taken in this belief to knowledge "get it" just to undermine the empty place that reserves the enigma and in which children can come to develop their subjectivity, leaving in front of the clinic stage that these modern psychopathology are the "dys" and developmental disorders. It is then in the meeting with the clinician that the child will need to regain its position enigma, opening a meeting with a look that unifies, rather than freeze, and thus opens his size love always enigmatic
3
Nuti, Marco. "Enigme de la vision et savoir de l'image : la peinture de Cézanne entre littérature et philosophie". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20013.
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Il y a deux façons de présenter un artiste : en invoquant sa personnalité et l’individu en tant qu’être social, ou en se référant à son œuvre et à sa valeur culturelle. Les premiers défenseurs de Paul Cézanne ont usé des deux modes d’appréciation qui, l’un et l’autre, ont eu des effets remarquablement durables sur l’évolution de la critique. L’influence de Cézanne sur les artistes contemporains reste aussi forte que jamais. La révolution opérée par Cézanne a eu une extraordinaire incidence dans l’histoire de la peinture : un phénomène qui a été étudié et qui a connu des recherches ponctuelles. Beaucoup moins connue mais moins surprenante c’est la pénétration et la fortune de sa peinture chez les poètes les écrivains, les philosophes. La conviction qui a dirigé mon projet de recherche est que seulement dans un général contexte comparatiste on peut restituer dans toute sa complexité l’ampleur du débat sur Cézanne. Pourquoi Rilke, Woolf, Stein, Hemingway, Bonnnefoy, Merleau-Ponty ont répondu avec une aussi grande intensité à la fascination et au rappel cézannien ? Voilà la question que ma thèse veut approfondir en relisant les moments plus hauts du dialogue entre littérature, peinture et philosophieThere are two ways presenting an artist : by invoking his personality and the individuality making part of his social identity, or by referring to his work and to its cultural valwe. The first defenders of Paul Cézanne have resort to these ways of appreciation which, both of them, had a long-dated effects on the critic's evolution. The Cézanne's influence on the contemporary artists keeps as strong as in the past. The revolution Cézanne produced has been an extraordinary impact on the painting history. .
4
Thomas, Jérôme. "Vers l'integration de l'apprentissage symbolique et de l'acquisition de connaissances basee sur les modeles : le systeme enigme". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066759.
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Dans cette these, nous presentons une approche permettant une integration entre apprentissage symbolique et acquisition de connaissances qui ne se reduise pas a une simple juxtaposition. La notion de biais d'apprentissage y joue un role central. Nous montrons que la methode de resolution de problemes que le systeme final doit suivre, ainsi que des modeles du domaine, peuvent etre utilises pour guider efficacement un systeme d'apprentissage. La plupart des entrees d'un tel systeme peuvent donc etre issues du modele d'expertise des methodologies kads ou vital. L'utilisation de ces connaissances comme biais d'apprentissage permet (1) d'engendrer, a l'aide d'un outil d'apprentissage, des connaissances destinees a une architecture de systeme expert de seconde generation ; (2) de donner une semantique aux connaissances qui contraignent les resultats de l'apprentissage, en s'appuyant sur leur role durant la resolution de problemes ; (3) d'utiliser les outils developpes par l'acquisition des connaissances pour acquerir le biais d'apprentissage ; et, enfin, (4) de fournir a l'ingenieur cogniticien de nouveaux outils d'explicitation dans un banc logiciel d'acquisition des connaissances basee sur les modeles. Cela est rendu possible par le fait que le systeme d'apprentissage prend en compte les connaissances acquises et deja modelisees pour en apprendre de nouvelles, garantissant ainsi une certaine coherence entre ces differentes connaissances. Nous presentons aussi enigme, le systeme que nous avons mis en uvre pour valider ces idees. Un scenario d'utilisation de ce systeme sur un domaine d'application issu du jeu de bridge est decrit.
5
Sabri, Hanane. "La spécificité de la position féminine et le Nom chez le créateur : théorie et clinique différentielle des logiques subjectives de la création". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20006.
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La position féminine comme spécificité et condition de la création, en lien avec la question du Nom chez le créateur, représente aujourd’hui une théorie importante dans la clinique du sujet. Cette théorie fonde une approche clinique de la création autour de laquelle s’articule ce travail de thèse. A partir d’une clinique différentielle des logiques subjectives de la création dans le champ de l’Art, de la science et de la religion, l’expression de la-dite position féminine se présente comme une certaine opération sur la jouissance et un rapport particulier avec l’Autre de la création. La peintre impressionniste Mary Cassatt, le scientifique Albert Einstein, le poète mystique Jalal Eddine Rùmi, l’écrivaine et la psychanalyste Lou Andreas Salomé, ainsi que d’autres sujets de la création, nous renseigne sur la spécificité de la position féminine dans le processus créateur, mais nous enseigne aussi sur la place qu’occupe la fonction du Nom dans leurs ré-inventions subjectives en tant que création du lien socialThe féminin position as specificity and condition of the creation, in connexion with the question of the Name at the creator’s, represents today an important theory in the clinic of the human subject. This theory is the basis of a clinical approch of the creation around wich this thesis work is based. From a diffrential clinic of the subjective logics of creation in the field of art, science and religion, the expression of the so-called feminin position is presented as a certain operation on enjoyement and a particular relationship with the « Other » of the creation. The impressionist painter Mary Cassatt, the scientist Albert Einstein, the mystical poet Jalal Eddine Rùmi, the writer and psychoanalyst Lou Andreas-Salomé, as well as other subjects of creation, inform us about the specificity ot the feminin position in the creation process, but also teaches us about the place occupied by the fonction of the Name in their subjective re-inventions as a creation of the social bond
6
Gyngell, Peter. "The enigmas of Borges, and the enigma of Borges". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/26442/.
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The 'enigmas' dealt with in Part 1 (Chapters 1-4) are illusory, arising largely from the apparent inability of many of his critics to understand much of Borges' work. However, the discussion of his widely appreciated wit in Chapter 1 shows that this is sometimes the fault of Borges himself. He once proclaimed his intention to conceal the true nature of some of his fictions so that only 'a very few' of his readers should understand them. Fortunately, his attempts at concealment were not always successful; but some of his critics seem to have been misled by them. Chapters 2-4 deal with characteristics that appear to be less widely appreciated. Chapter 2 discusses the importance of Borges' obsession with death; chapter 3 deals with what he called 'the most precious gift, doubt'; and chapter 4 illustrates Borges' humility and his aversion to arrogance; but all three chapters demonstrate that Borges' critics have often failed to acknowledge these characteristics. Chapters 2 and 3 show that many of his poems make clear the importance of some of these factors. Borges regarded himself primarily as a poet, and published many more books of poetry than prose; however, comparatively little attention has been paid to this aspect of his work. Part 2 of the thesis (chapters 5 and 6) deals with the enigma which Borges himself presents. This is no illusion. It stems mainly from some of his seminars, lectures and non-fictional pieces, which are shown to be rife with inaccuracies, contradictions, and poor preparation. They raise many questions about the depth of Borges' learning, and about his academic rigour. Part 1 suggests answers, while Part 2 despairs of answers. A number of the quoted texts were published originally in English; I have no Spanish, and the remaining texts are quoted in translation.
7
Renaud, Jean-Pierre. "L'itinéraire transalpin d'Hannibal : l'énigme et sa résolution géographique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30071.
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Le cadre spatial et temporel de l’étude est restreint : il s’agit de l’itinéraire suivi entrele Rhône et la plaine du Pô par l’armée carthaginoise sous les ordres d’Hannibal Barca aucours du second semestre de l’année 218 avant J.-C. L’événement auquel cet itinéraire serapporte fait très largement déborder le sujet du cadre énoncé ; le parcours de la traverséealpine, qui n’est pas précisément défini par les textes antiques, est perçu comme une desénigmes les plus attrayantes de l’Histoire ancienne. Les historiens modernes qui ont essayéde la résoudre en établissant des concordances entre la réalité géographique et les indicationsdu livre III des Histoires de Polybe (205 ? - 123) et du livre XXI de l’Histoire romaine deTite-Live (64 ? av. J.-C. - 17 après J.-C.) ont émis diverses hypothèses contradictoires parceque systématiquement basées sur une opposition entre les données polybiennes et les donnéesliviennes. Les objectifs de la thèse sont de définir le problème que pose cette énigme à partirdes différentes façons de la traiter depuis son apparition jusqu’à aujourd’hui, et d’en tenterune approche nouvelle, selon une démarche issue de la démarche scientifique classique, enémettant deux hypothèses qui laissent délibérément de côté les itinéraires basés sur uneremontée de la rive gauche du Rhône. L’étude détaillée des deux textes de référence révèleleur complémentarité et permet de percevoir l’origine de l’énigme. La reconnaissance d’unparcours le long de la Durance et à travers le Queyras débouche sur la découverte, au pied dela Crosennetta, dans la vallée du haut Pellice, d’un site unique qui confirme ces hypothèsesWhen one examines the whole story, definite limits in time and space are set: in thecourse of the second half of the year 218 B.C., Hannibal Barca led the Carthaginian armyfrom the Rhone to the plain of the river Po. The event related to this itinerary shows that theabove indications are not that certain: the precise route followed to cross the Alps, which theantique texts do not describe in detail, is considered to be one of the most fascinatingenigmas of ancient History. Modern historians have tried to solve it by comparing thegeography of the area and the indications in “Histories”, Book III, of Polybe (205?-123) andin “Roman History”, Book XXI, of Livius (64? B.C.-17 A.D.). They have suggested severalcontradictory theories because these are systematically based on the differences betweenPolybien and Livien data. The aim of the thesis is to clearly state the problems arising fromthis enigma, because of the way it has been examined, from the very beginning right up tillnow, and to try a new approach: a suggestion (using classical scientific methods) whichtemporally abandons the idea of an itinerary on the left bank of the Rhone. The origin of thepuzzle is obvious after careful reading of the two texts referred to and which shows theircomplementary nature. A survey of the route that runs along the side of the river Duranceand crosses the Queyras region led to the discovery, at the foot of the Crosennetta Mountain,at the top of the Pellice valley, of a unique site which confirms these assumptions
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Gjorgjevski, Gjoko. "Enigma degli enigmi : un contributo allo studio della composizione della raccolta salomonica : Pr 10,1-22,16 /". Roma : Ed. Pontificia università gregoriana, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39103076r.
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Hourquet, Jean-Louis. "Nicolas Poussin, lecteur des Anciens". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20007.
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« Lisez l’histoire et le tableau » : telle est l’invitation formulée par Poussin à l’adresse d’un de ses commanditaires, etqui d’une certaine manière consacre d’emblée le bien-fondé d’une approche iconologique de ses oeuvres. Et l’artisted’affirmer ailleurs que « la nouveauté dans la peinture ne consiste pas surtout dans un sujet non encore vu, mais dans labonne et nouvelle disposition et expression, et [qu’] ainsi de commun et vieux, le sujet devient singulier et neuf ».S’agissant cependant de la part cruciale de l’inspiration de ce peintre savant que représente la transposition des auteursclassiques, nous avons constaté que ses modalités n’avaient guère retenu l’attention de la critique. Nous avons donctenté de saisir, pour reprendre les mots de Poussin, ce qui fait la nouveauté et la singularité de la manière dont il traite sesapports littéraires. Il est ainsi apparu que le parti qu’il en tire, bien moins illustratif que d’ordre herméneutique, exige uneparticipation active du spectateur, en l’occurrence invité à déceler dans ses tableaux les rapports secrets qui s’y trouvent suggérés entre plusieurs passages d’une même oeuvre, voire entre le texte ancien apparemment figuré et tel autre, le cas échéant d’un auteur cette fois moderne. Une telle conception de sa pratique culmine dans le recours à un dispositif tout aussi ignoré de la critique, alors qu’il apparaît on ne peut plus caractéristique de l’art de Poussin : l’équivoque visuelle. Nous y percevons en dernier recours l’héritage du tableau à énigme cher aux collèges jésuites, et par là l’une des nombreuses marques que contient son oeuvre de la culture propre aux membres de la Compagnie« Read the story and the painting »: this invitation, sent by Poussin to one of his patrons, grounds the iconological approach of his works. The artist asserted elsewhere that « newness in painting does not consist mostly in a yet unrepresented subject, but in a proper and new dispositio and elocutio, thus turning the common and the old into the singular and new ». Still, little sustained critical attention has been paid to the actual ways in which Poussin made use and transposed the Ancient authors from which this erudite painter drew a large of share of his inspiration. We have therefore tried to recover what, according to Poussin himself, constitutes the newness, the singularity of his way of transposing the literary material. It appears that, rather than producing an illustration, Poussin’s word relied on a hermeneutic mode of engagement, calling upon the viewer to decipher in the paintings the secret relationships drawn between a plurality of a literary work’s loci, or between the Ancient source text ostensibly figured in the painting and another, eventually modern one. Such a conception of his practice is epitomized in Poussin’s characteristic use of a critically neglected device : the visual equivoque. We mayrecognize in its use the trace of a genre, that of the enigma painting, dear to the culture of Jesuit colleges, and anothermark of their influence on Poussin’s oeuvre
10
Swindling, Stanley. "The Enigma". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/986.
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Disgraced novelist Dan Alistair is reeling from a recent public scandal when he meets beguiling first-time author Evan Verde at a secluded writer’s retreat. When Evan uses their shared experiences to tell a twisted story, Dan becomes obsessed with uncovering his ulterior motives. Is there truth to Dan’s paranoia, or will his theories prove delusional?
11
Christensson, Tobias. "Eniga militära insatser? : Politisk enighet vid beslut om svenska internationella militära insatser 1999-2017". Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7249.
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Sweden has a long tradition of participation in different kinds of peacekeeping missions. During the Cold War, Sweden’s troop contributions were exclusively focused on UN operations, but in the early 1990s Sweden’s official troop contribution policy changed from an “only under the UN flag” position to one of “only under UN Security Council mandate”. It is fair to say that Sweden’s foreign policy has undergone fundamental changes and the country has been contributing military forces to both EU and NATO missions for quite some time. Swedish foreign policy debate has largely been characterized by a sense of political unity or consensus. Despite this, there have been occasions when the political parties have been in disagreement. There are studies that confirm that the level of conflict in the foreign policy debate has increased over time. Political and ideological disagreements do exist and the political landscape has changed during the last 10 years. These changes should also have an impact on foreign policy decisions. The aim of this study is to investigate the political decision making process regarding Swedish military international missions. It will examine the political unity in the decisions concerning eight different cases; Kosovo (1999-2010), Congo (2003) , Liberia (2003-2006), Afghanistan (2004-2014), Chad (2007), Somalia (2009-2017), Libya (2011) and Mali (2015 à). The focus for the study will be the political unity regarding the decision process within Parliament and, more specifically, the work of the combined Foreign affairs and Defence committee, and the debates in Parliament. The empirical analysis reveals that the rate of political controversy has increased. However, there is still a great sense of unity and broad agreement among the political parties on the main question regarding troop contributions. In many cases any conflict and debate concern side issues such as timings, personnel and finance. The two main parties, the Social Democrats and the Moderate Party, are generally in agreement. They also conduct negotiations before a proposition becomes official, which leads to less conflict in the subsequent debate. The study also reveals a higher level of opposition from the Left party and from the Sweden Democrats. Some of their opposition can have ideological explanations. The Left party is mainly critical about participation in NATO missions.
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Valdivia, Manuela. "Enigma y fenómeno". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110100.
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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía.El siguiente trabajo ha sido concebido como una presentación al escrito de Emmanuel Lévinas que aquí ofrecemos traducido, hasta donde sabemos, por primera vez, en español. Nuestra finalidad no es por lo tanto realizar un estudio acabado de su pensamiento, sino que más bien anhela que el lector pueda, gracias a él, aproximarse a la obra de este significativo filósofo del siglo veinte. Con este objeto y como se podrá apreciar más adelante, serán expuestas algunas de las ideas, nociones y categorías más importantes de su pensamiento, tomando como hilo conductor a Enigma y Fenómeno.
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Gustinvil, Jean Waddimir. "Logiques coloniales de domination et d'émancipation : imaginaire colonial et égalité : la société postcoloniale haïtienne du long dix-neuvième siècle haïtien". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070107.
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Les captifs de Saint-Domingue ont investi l’espace public colonial en s’appropriant l’idiome de la Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 pour mettre à mal le système colonial esclavagiste. Cela a entrainé la métamorphose de l’espace colonial en une sphère publique. Ainsi, la Révolution servile décentre la révolution française de son européocentrisme en étendant le concept d’« Homme » de ce texte aux esclaves des plantations coloniales. Une telle extension conduit à une révolution de la révolution que nous traduisons comme un conflit entre les deux idiomes des deux révolutions. Le premier idiome s’opère sur la base d’un tiers exclus, et le second procède à l’intégration de ce tiers dans le syllogisme des droits. Toutefois, en dépit de la radicalité de la Révolution servile, le pays qui en est né a adopté un ensemble de pratiques qui rappelle celles du système colonial esclavagiste. Cette situation a amené certains auteurs à nier la radicalité de la révolution nègre. Cette situation postrévolutionnaire haïtienne est révélatrice de la figure du sujet post-esclavagiste ou sujet postcolonial. La radicalité d’une révolution n’immunise pas de situations de retournement et ne préjuge pas de leur impossibilité : cela reste une énigme, que nous appelons l’énigme du retour. Si, effectivement, un “retournement” a lieu, cela ne peut toutefois nier la radicalité antérieure. Dans le cas de Saint-Domingue, le retournement prend la forme de retour du système colonial esclavagiste dans l’instant d’après de la révolution nègre, lorsque l’ancien esclave se fait complice du maître dans la reproduction de la relation de colonialité. Cette thèse est divisée en trois parties : la première partie est consacrée à l’énigme de la révolution ; dans la deuxième partie, il est question du différend qui oppose les deux idiomes révolutionnaires; et, la troisième partie est consacrée à l’énigme colonialeThe captives of Saint-Domingue invested the public colonial space by appropriating the idiom of the Declaration of The Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 in order to subvert the colonialist slave system. This brought about a transformation of the colonial space, making it a public sphere. Thus, the servile revolution decentered the French revolution as to its europeanism by including in the concept of « Man » the slaves of the colonies. This inclusion leads to a revolution of the revolution which we will understand as a conflict between two idioms of the two revolutions. The first idiom functions on the basis of an excluded third while the second integrates this third into the syllogism of the rights. However, in spite of the radicality of the servile revolution, the country born from this revolution adopted practices that reminds one of the colonial slave system. This situation has led certain authours to deny the radicality of the negro revolution. This post-revolutionary Haitian situation reveals the figure of the post-slavery subject or the postcolonial subject. The radicality of a revolution does not guarantee any immunity against situations of reversal and does not prejugde their impossibility: this rests a mystery, that we will call the mystery of the return. If a “reversal” did take place, nevertheless this cannot deny the foregoing radicality. In the case of Saint-Domingue, the reversal takes the form of a return of the colonial slave system right after the negro revolution, when the former slave becomes an accomplice of the master in the reproduction of the colonial relation. This thesis consists of three parts: the first part is dedicated to the mystery of the revolution; the second to the dispute opposing the two revolutionary idioms; and the third to the colonial mystery
14
Galway, Carol. "Wilhelm Busch, cryptic enigma". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60537.pdf.
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Zelt, Ronald G. "The electrical injury enigma /". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61745.
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Heussner, Alexandra H. "Unravelling the ochratoxin enigma". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2015. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/5335/.
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Ochratoxins are a group of nephrotoxins produced by a variety of moulds and were first described in 1965 [1]. Dietary exposure to ochratoxins represents a serious health issue and has been associated with several human and animal diseases including porcine nephropathy, Human Endemic Nephropathies and urinary tract tumours in humans. More than 20 years ago, ochratoxin A (OTA) - the most prominent member of this toxin family - was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents and since then extensive research has been performed in order to investigate whether OTA acts by a DNA reactive mode of action. Only recently, this theory has been conclusively disproven and a non-genotoxic mechanism is currently widely accepted for renal toxicity and carcinogenicity of OTA. The work presented in this thesis contributed to this field of science in various ways. First of all, new renal in vitro models were established and existing models were improved for the investigation of renal ochratoxin toxicity. Using these models, the in vitro effects of various OTA exposure scenarios were investigated and endpoints included amongst others general cytotoxicity, cell cycle analysis, protein binding and toxin transport. In all of these studies, distinct species- and sex-differences were observed which mirrored the observed effects in vivo described in literature. Furthermore, the differential toxicity of ochratoxin group members was investigated, the results of which inferred a need for specific detection of OTA and OTB. Due to the lack of such a detection tool, a new, highly specific and sensitive OTB-ELISA was successfully developed based on an OTB-specific monoclonal antibody produced and characterised in our laboratory. This tool allows screening of OTB in food and feed products, which will further improve detection and risk assessment. All of these studies contributed to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of ochratoxin toxicity. Therefore, this thesis can be seen as a fundamental part of a paradigm change on our understanding of how ochratoxins exert their harmful long-term effects in humans and animals, thus elucidating the ochratoxin enigma.
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Egúsquiza, Orellana José María. "El enigma de Frege". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5895.
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El Enigma de Frege es considerado como uno de los principales problemas al que se enfrenta el millianismo. Como se sabe, el millianismo sostiene que el significado de un nombre propio es simplemente su referente. Dicho brevemente, el problema consiste en explicar por qué dos oraciones de identidad que contienen nombres propios co-referenciales (por ejemplo, “Mark Twain es Samuel Clemens” y “Mark Twain es Mark Twain”) parecen tener distinto valor informativo, esto es, por qué una de las oraciones parece ser trivial mientras que la otra parece ser informativa. El propósito del presente trabajo es mostrar que el millianismo puede responder de manera plausible al Enigma de Frege haciendo uso de la distinción entre la proposición semánticamente expresada por una oración y la(s) proposición(es) pragmáticamente impartida(s) por el uso o la emisión de una oración. El trabajo consta de tres capítulos. En el primer capítulo planteo el Enigma de Frege, explico cuáles son los principios presupuestos al plantear el problema y expongo qué respuesta le dio Frege al Enigma de Frege. En el segundo capítulo expongo los argumentos anti-descriptivistas de Kripke que pusieron en duda la respuesta que dio Frege al Enigma de Frege. En el tercer capítulo expongo un intento milliano por responder al Enigma de Frege que consiste en distinguir entre la proposición semánticamente expresada por una oración y la(s) proposición(es) pragmáticamente impartida(s) por el uso o la emisión de una oración, y, finalmente, evalúo si haciendo uso de esta distinción el millianismo responde de manera plausible al Enigma de Frege.Tesis
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Carrión, Ordóñez Enrique. "Un enigma etimológico: estólica". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101780.
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Ulbricht, Heinz. "Die Chiffriermaschine Enigma - trügerische Sicherheit ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Nachrichtendienste /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974568244.
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Fisher-Morris, M. "The Enigma of Ovarian Cancer". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507473.
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Ulrich, Taylor Jade. "James Deen: The Feminist Enigma". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/364.
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James Deen and his distinct following of fans has allowed for a discussion of what pornography means to women and teenage girls to be teased out. His fans are vocal, public and unashamed in their fascination with him, dismissing previously held ideologies that porn be a clearly private activity that is shameful to be addressed publicly; especially for women. James Deen’s uniquely unintimidating demeanor, both physically and personally, has made him more forgivable for his mistakes (i.e. rape “joke” Tweets), evidence of an intense desire for women to find porn that they can relate to and positively consume. Despite his shortcomings, James Deen is immensely popular among women and because of this, brings to light my critique of the limited definition of feminist pornography as it stands today in academia.
James Deen works against the grain of the porn industry, representing a new type of porn star that lends women their own gaze and further access to genuine pleasure intended for them. When James Deen breaks the common subject-object barrier of mainstream porn by pleasuring women on-screen, he disrupts the visual coding that holds the patriarchal gaze together at its seams, and works to produce female pleasure as a sexual truth. Not only that, but his consciousness around consent further allows women to be able to identify sexual pleasure with roles of submission. This construction of power-knowledge-pleasure to include women, and enthusiastic consent, aligns him with feminist porn aims to primarily focus on women, sexual openness and not shame, and sex positivity and not negativity.
Moving beyond the foci of James Deen’s films and his personality, the theory of disidentification is integral to understanding some women’s relationship with him, and how even the more complicated aspects of porn should be considered for inclusion within the definition of feminist porn. To ignore this survival tactic is to silence women’s participation in an already exclusionary industry. To include disidentificatory practices in feminist porn is to take into account the convoluted, nonlinear and illogical ways women and teenage girls are consuming porn. When the definition is opened up to include all porn that “works on and against dominant ideology” (as James Deen’s does), experienced anxieties due to inconsistencies between one’s erotics and politics can be relieved, fantasy is further understood as a real and validated sexual tool, and masochism’s role in porn is logically brought into this dialogue. When fantasy is accepted as a complex and mysterious phenomenon, disenfranchised demographics such as women are given license. Masochism is no longer limited to an absent and repressed tendency that places women in a punished state. James Deen’s masochistic aesthetic threatens patriarchal dogma and offers up something new to the world of pornography.
While James Deen does not profess to be a feminist, his porn practices and personality set him apart from the majority of the mainstream porn world and within the feminist porn sphere. In the end, the good that he is doing in providing women and teenage girls an option in an otherwise barren landscape of phallocentric porn should be enough to earn him academic scholarship and inclusion in the realm of feminist pornography.
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Mills, Christina Murdoch. "The enigma of the everyday". Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06172009-095638.
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Antunes, Michele Nacif. "O enigma da gripe aviária". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2495.
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Previous issue date: 2010A gripe aviária é considerada uma zoonose emergente e refere-se às condições causadas por um grupo de vírus influenza que afeta principalmente as aves. A gripe aviária foi considerada a principal candidata a se tornar a primeira pandemia de gripe do século. E essa ameaça invadiu o cotidiano de forma avassaladora. Ela não passou ilesa pelos meios de comunicação. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi investigar os processos de significação da gripe aviária, através de narrativas construídas pelos meios de comunicação. Diante do frenético espetáculo global de sentidos, procurou-se nas páginas noticiosas e na narrativa cinematográfica desvelar os processos de significação envolvendo a gripe aviária, valendo-se do método indiciário, da semiótica e da leitura isotópica. A leitura isotópica permitiu isolar as redes temáticas Ameaça , Ciência e Guerra . Em cada uma delas, discute-se como a ficção e a notícia atuam como vertente da realidade, compondo narrativas que formam um tecido no meio do qual nos situamos. A partir dos elementos figurativos que compõem a rede temática ameaça, foi observado como a gripe aviária se tornou tão visível nas páginas noticiosas e na narrativa cinematográfica que não houve questionamentos se ela realmente existia ou não. Na rede temática ciência , discute-se as respostas da ciência e da tecnologia diante dos riscos e incertezas da gripe aviária e como elas repercutiram nos meios de comunicação. Foi abordada ainda a multiplicidade de respostas diante da ameaça da gripe aviária e como a temática da guerra se revelou em direção às políticas de emergência. A gripe aviária invadiu o sistema imune de nossa cultura tecnológica. O fazer sentido da gripe aviária é um assunto cultural, mesmo se desempenhando nos domínios da tecnociência. Ela se espalhou pela governância, pelo âmbito midiático, pelo comércio e afetou nossas vidas. Como risco, ela se tornou real o suficiente para difundir um senso de urgência e justificar ações preventivas.
Bird flu is considered an emerging zoonosis and refers to conditions caused by a group of influenza viruses that primarily affects birds. Avian influenza was considered the leading candidate to become the century first pandemic of influenza. And that threat has invaded daily life in an overwhelming way. It did not get unharmed by the media. The main objective of this study was to investigate the processes of signification of avian influenza through narratives constructed by the media. Given the frenetic global spectacle of the senses, we tried in the newspapers and in the film narrative to reveal the processes of meaning involving avian flu, drawing on sing-based method, semiotics and isotopic analysis. Isotopic analysis allowed to isolate thematic frameworks, such as: Threat, Science and War. In each, we discuss how the news and fiction work as part of reality, composing narratives that form a fabric in the middle of which we stand. From the figurative elements that make up the thematic framework. Threat, it was observed how avian flu has become so visible in the newspapers and in the film narrative that there were questions if the epidemic really existed or not. The thematic framework Science discusses the responses of science and technology, facing the risks and uncertainties of avian influenza and how they reverberated in the media. It has also been addressed the multiplicity of responses to the threat of avian influenza and how the theme of War was revealed toward the politics of emergency. Bird flu has invaded the immune system of our technological culture. The making sense of avian influenza is a cultural matter, even if playing in the fields of science and technology. It spread to government, the scope of media, commerce and affected our lives. As risk, it has become real enough to spread a sense of urgency and justify preventive action.
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Landwehr, Dominik. "Mythos Enigma die Chiffriermaschine als Sammler- und Medienobjekt". Bielfeld Transcript, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988718014/04.
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Gomes, Virginia Mota Lages. "Nos rastros dos enigmas as pistas do logos dialético: de uma retrospectiva às origens do enigma a uma compreensão do seu papel na iniciação à filosofia". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2003. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11868.
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A presente dissertação é uma investigação acerca do enigma, é uma reconstituição das suas origens na tradição grega que mostra uma conexão original entre enigma e as origens da Filosofia, tendo em vista uma compreensão da sua contribuição para o ?ensino? da Filosofia enquanto meio pedagógico que pode ser usado para todas as idades. O retorno à antiga Grécia se funda na teoria do enigma de Giorgio Colli, teoria esta que faz uma retrospectiva às origens apolínea e dionisíaca deste fenômeno na Sophia da Filosofia. As imagens collianas do enigma são pistas fundamentais para compreender este fenômeno nas origens da Filosofia: o filósofo pinta o enigma como vestígio das pulsões estéticas (apolínea-dionisíaca) do pensamento humano. Por outro lado, a partir de um olhar aberto, faço um mergulho no universo do enigma para ressaltar as suas qualidades educativas na ótica do aprender a filosofar, sem, contudo, determinar categorias de enigmas conforme um programa escolar ou uma divisão segundo faixas etárias. Essa compreensão do enigma enquanto meio pedagógico na ótica do aprender se baseia na perspectiva de Dante Galeffi que configura o filosofar como um aprender a ser. Partindo de uma visão anti-utilitária, defendo a importância do uso do enigma para fins educativos, lançando mão de enigmas folclóricos, dialéticos e literários, entre outros, suspendendo qualquer hierarquia entre seus diversos tipos. Exemplificando, sem recorrer a uma análise teórica, mostro no final da dissertação alguns enigmas que fazem parte da minha formação cultural e filosófica e outros que usei na minha prática pedagógica, isto é, ministrando as aulas de Filosofia no segundo e terceiro grau.
Salvador
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Guzmán, Escudero Marcos. "La obra de arte como enigma". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111548.
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No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo.Magíster en artes con mención en artes visuales
Toda mi experiencia como director teatral ha girado en torno a la comprensión de la imagen como lugar fundacional de la escena teatral. A partir de la concepción de Edward Gordon Craig en torno al director teatral como creador único de la puesta en escena he ejercido mi oficio desde un territorio infinitamente más emparentado a la visualidad que a la literatura. Este trabajo intenta generar y desplegar un punto de calce entre el teatro y las artes visuales, a partir de la descripción y análisis de mis estrategias escénicas en mi cuerpo de obra, realizando un recorrido desde mi primera puesta en escena ―Ortopedia del Alma‖ hasta mi última realización ―Fabulación‖, para plantear desde las maneras en que estos proyectos fueron pensados y articulados, la filiación que se establece en mi obra entre el teatro y las artes visuales. Son puestas en escenas que privilegian por sobre la dramaturgia o la actuación, la concepción del espacio escénico como eje gatillante y pulsional en la constitución misma del relato. Un espacio escénico productor de atmósferas y mundos con sus propias leyes, pensado como un acontecimiento para el espectador a la manera de Artaud, como una experiencia visual y sonora que se transforma en eje fundacional de un relato escénico cuyo nudo pone siempre en tensión la idea del secreto y del enigma. En esta tesis realizo al mismo tiempo una descripción y análisis de dos instalaciones individuales, ―El miedo a la metáfora‖ y ―¿Quién Asesino su alma señor Schreber‖, las que desarrollé dentro del Magíster de Artes Visuales, intentando a partir de la hipótesis del trabajo, emparentarlas y filiarlas con mi experiencia teatral. Finalmente se trata de concebir el ejercicio artístico como el merodeo en torno a una catástrofe privada que deviene de lo social. La escena como lugar del enigma permite entonces el despliegue de imágenes, campos visuales y sonoros que como imagos contienen enquistados esas huellas, las esquirlas de una catástrofe que finalmente la escena (teatral) nos permite sociabilizar, quizás eso es lo único que buscamos través del ejercicio artístico, ya sea como creador o espectador, el deseo y anhelo de ser inscritos con el otro como semejantes, es decir volvernos ciudadanos.
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Loro, Letícia Cristina Cotrin [UNESP]. "Enigma do paradoxo chinês: uma análise". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89991.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
loro_lcc_me_arafcl.pdf: 542688 bytes, checksum: 18a15fa52f44f499bd42599d6fa3f8e2 (MD5)Este trabalho aborda o financiamento do investimento, elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico, e seus determinantes. Objetiva-se discutir o papel do investimento, entender e avaliar um exemplo de banco de desenvolvimento, por meio de análise empírica. O estudo está estruturado em três eixos, entrelaçados entre si: teórico, histórico e empírico. O objeto da análise empírica é o China Development Bank (CDB), instituição pública que, como banco de desenvolvimento, tornou-se um importante instrumento do governo chinês para a rápida recuperação de sua economia frente à crise econômica mundial (2008- 2009). Para o entendimento dessa instituição, foi necessário analisar as características do atual sistema financeiro chinês, passando pelo processo de abertura econômica, a partir dos anos 1980, chegando até aos impactos dessa crise econômica nesse país. A China convive com o paradoxo de articular, no campo econômico, um regime socialista de mercado com um modus operandi capitalista, que parece criar e disseminar contradições. Esse país é uma das principais economias do mundo, mas não reflete na qualidade de vida da maioria de sua população o que essa posição deveria proporcionar
The purpose of this study is to approach investment financing and its determinant basic factors to economic development. The intention is to look into the investment role and, by an empirical analysis, to try to understand and measure the role of a development bank. This study is structured over three basic axes: theoretical, historical and empirical, intertwined to each other when formulating the study. The empirical focus is the China Development Bank (CDB), a public institution that was used by the government in its efforts to drive the fast growing Chinese economy recovery facing the global economic crisis (2008-2009). To understand CDB was necessary analyses the characteristics of the present Chinese financial system and explains how this process of economic opening happened starting in 1980’s (and carried on for nearly thirty years) until the recent global economic crisis, bearing in mind that China lives with the paradox of having adopted a market capitalist system as its modus operandi although it is a socialist system. This seems to generate and disseminate contradictions
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Viana, Cristina Amaro [UNESP]. "O enigma filosófico da identidade pessoal". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91766.
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viana_ca_me_mar.pdf: 1931238 bytes, checksum: 0ab6d79e4636a04ef562ac6fc8ec4c9b (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho consiste num esforço para compreender a noção filosófica de identidade pessoal ao longo do tempo. O procedimento para atingir tal compreensão é o de analisar e discutir as principais soluções, encontradas na literatura, que foram propostas para o problema da identidade pessoal. Este problema é descrito como a dificuldade de fundamentar e explicar a nossa crença de que uma pessoa em um dado momento de sua vida e ela em um outro momento são a mesma pessoa, a despeito das grandes alterações biopsicossociais pelas quais ela passa. A primeira solução proposta para este problema é aquela que centra a identidade pessoal em critérios substanciais, que podem ser físicos ou metafísicos. A segunda solução analisada é aquela que recorre à noção de continuidade, seja física, seja psicológica, para buscar explicar como as pessoas permanecem as mesmas ao longo do tempo. Uma terceira solução investigada propõe o entendimento do problema em questão como um problema passível de ser resolvido pela análise linguístico-conceitual; nesta parte, discutimos as seguintes idéias: concepção cética de identidade pessoal, auto-referência, auto-consciência e perspectiva de primeira pessoa. E, por fim, utilizando as noções de auto-organização e de emergência, discutimos as possíveis contribuições da sistêmica na busca de uma solução para o problema.
This work consists of an effort to understand the philosophical notion of personal identity over time. The means to reach this understanding is to analyse and to discuss the most important solutions found in the literature that were proposed to the problem of personal identity. This problem is described as the difficulty of grounding and explaining our belief that a person in a given moment of her life and herself in another moment are one and the same person, despite all the great biopsychosocial changes which she undergoes. The first proposed solution to this problem makes substantial criteria, whether physical or metaphysical, central to personal identity. The second solution appeals to the notion of continuity, whether physical or psychological, to explain how people remain the same over time. A third solution suggests that the problem can be solved through linguistic-conceptual analysis; here, we discuss such ideas as the sceptical conception of personal identity, selfreference, self-consciousness and the first-person perspective. And, finally, with the help of the notions of self-organization and emergence, we discuss possible contributions of systemic theory to solving the problem.
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Sachett, Gabriel Costa. "Drummond : a origem de um enigma". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2012. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/766.
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Este trabalho discute a constituição do Ser no tempo e no espaço, a partir da obra Claro enigma,
de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Para tanto, são utilizados fundamentos filosóficos, históricos,
sociológicos, econômicos, no intuito de abranger as diversas dimensões em que o Eu se revela.
Examinam-se aspectos gerais da formação social dos indivíduos, ao longo da história brasileira,
bem como aspectos específicos do autor, tendo por base a dimensão psicológica e filosófica de
sua obra. Trata-se, portanto, de uma discussão interdisciplinar que relaciona vida e obra do autor à
história do Brasil e suas peculiaridades.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-07-04T11:31:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gabriel Costa Sachett.pdf: 1313379 bytes, checksum: d6a250b527ae384f9fc4367a27d4da13 (MD5)
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This work discusses the constitution of the being in time and in space throughout the work Claro enigma, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Therefore, it uses theoretical principles from philosophy, history, sociology, economy, in order to comprehend the diverse dimensions in which the Being shows himself. It examines the general aspects of the individual’s social formation, in the course of the Brazilian history, as well as the specific aspects of the author, considering the psychological and philosophical dimension of his work. It’s, so, an interdisciplinary discussion that mingles the author’s life and work with the Brazilian history and its peculiarities.
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Loro, Letícia Cristina Cotrin. "Enigma do paradoxo chinês : uma análise /". Araraquara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89991.
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Orientador: André Luiz CorreaCoorientador: Ana Rosa Ribeiro de Mendonça
Banca: Alexandre Sartoris Neto
Banca: Adriana Nunes Ferreira
Resumo: Este trabalho aborda o financiamento do investimento, elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico, e seus determinantes. Objetiva-se discutir o papel do investimento, entender e avaliar um exemplo de banco de desenvolvimento, por meio de análise empírica. O estudo está estruturado em três eixos, entrelaçados entre si: teórico, histórico e empírico. O objeto da análise empírica é o China Development Bank (CDB), instituição pública que, como banco de desenvolvimento, tornou-se um importante instrumento do governo chinês para a rápida recuperação de sua economia frente à crise econômica mundial (2008- 2009). Para o entendimento dessa instituição, foi necessário analisar as características do atual sistema financeiro chinês, passando pelo processo de abertura econômica, a partir dos anos 1980, chegando até aos impactos dessa crise econômica nesse país. A China convive com o paradoxo de articular, no campo econômico, um regime socialista de mercado com um modus operandi capitalista, que parece criar e disseminar contradições. Esse país é uma das principais economias do mundo, mas não reflete na qualidade de vida da maioria de sua população o que essa posição deveria proporcionar
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to approach investment financing and its determinant basic factors to economic development. The intention is to look into the investment role and, by an empirical analysis, to try to understand and measure the role of a development bank. This study is structured over three basic axes: theoretical, historical and empirical, intertwined to each other when formulating the study. The empirical focus is the China Development Bank (CDB), a public institution that was used by the government in its efforts to drive the fast growing Chinese economy recovery facing the global economic crisis (2008-2009). To understand CDB was necessary analyses the characteristics of the present Chinese financial system and explains how this process of economic opening happened starting in 1980's (and carried on for nearly thirty years) until the recent global economic crisis, bearing in mind that China lives with the paradox of having adopted a market capitalist system as its modus operandi although it is a socialist system. This seems to generate and disseminate contradictions
Mestre
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Viana, Cristina Amaro. "O enigma filosófico da identidade pessoal /". Marília : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91766.
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Orientador: Antonio Trajano Menezes ArrudaBanca: Mariana Cláudia Broens
Banca: André Leclerc
Resumo: Este trabalho consiste num esforço para compreender a noção filosófica de identidade pessoal ao longo do tempo. O procedimento para atingir tal compreensão é o de analisar e discutir as principais soluções, encontradas na literatura, que foram propostas para o problema da identidade pessoal. Este problema é descrito como a dificuldade de fundamentar e explicar a nossa crença de que uma pessoa em um dado momento de sua vida e ela em um outro momento são a mesma pessoa, a despeito das grandes alterações biopsicossociais pelas quais ela passa. A primeira solução proposta para este problema é aquela que centra a identidade pessoal em critérios substanciais, que podem ser físicos ou metafísicos. A segunda solução analisada é aquela que recorre à noção de continuidade, seja física, seja psicológica, para buscar explicar como as pessoas permanecem as mesmas ao longo do tempo. Uma terceira solução investigada propõe o entendimento do problema em questão como um problema passível de ser resolvido pela análise linguístico-conceitual; nesta parte, discutimos as seguintes idéias: concepção cética de identidade pessoal, auto-referência, auto-consciência e perspectiva de primeira pessoa. E, por fim, utilizando as noções de auto-organização e de emergência, discutimos as possíveis contribuições da sistêmica na busca de uma solução para o problema.
Abstract: This work consists of an effort to understand the philosophical notion of personal identity over time. The means to reach this understanding is to analyse and to discuss the most important solutions found in the literature that were proposed to the problem of personal identity. This problem is described as the difficulty of grounding and explaining our belief that a person in a given moment of her life and herself in another moment are one and the same person, despite all the great biopsychosocial changes which she undergoes. The first proposed solution to this problem makes substantial criteria, whether physical or metaphysical, central to personal identity. The second solution appeals to the notion of continuity, whether physical or psychological, to explain how people remain the same over time. A third solution suggests that the problem can be solved through linguistic-conceptual analysis; here, we discuss such ideas as the sceptical conception of personal identity, selfreference, self-consciousness and the first-person perspective. And, finally, with the help of the notions of self-organization and emergence, we discuss possible contributions of systemic theory to solving the problem.
Mestre
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Carlsson, Stephanie Lillian. "Herman charles Bosman : the biographer's enigma". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79713.
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This dissertation examines the five biographies or memoirs written about the renowned South African writer Herman Charles Bosman. The main aim of the study is to show how different, and often contradictory, the views of him are as presented in the biographies. I also investigate different theories of biography as expounded by Leon Edel, Ira Bruce Nadel and Ray Monk and explore to what extent each of the biographies conforms, or does not conform to the theory. It is the contention of this dissertation that though the existing theories are useful and do shed light on each biographer’s approach and practice, they are also limited in accounting fully for the diverse and often discrepant accounts of Bosman’s life. The dissertation opens with an explication of several different theories regarding biography, and gives a brief overview of the life story of Herman Charles Bosman. Some of the main elements of biography (including different forms of narration, language and myth) are discussed and how they might be used in biography. The subsequent chapters focus on and offers detailed analyses of the biographies of Bosman, beginning with Herman Bosman As I Knew Him by Bernard Sachs and My Friend Herman Charles Bosman by Aegidius Jean Blignaut. Thereafter Sunflower to the Sun by Valerie Rosenberg and Life Sentence by Stephen Gray are analysed. Finally, there is an analysis of several reminiscences of those who knew Bosman, including Lionel Abrahams’s important memoir. The strengths and limitations of the various biographies are analysed, thereby shedding light not only on the practice of biography itself, but also on the complex and enigmatic figure of Herman Charles Bosman.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
English
MA (English Studies)
Unrestricted
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Hollmann, Luise. "Solving the Enigma of Frozen Shoulder". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17324.
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Frozen shoulder is a common shoulder condition affecting 2-5% of the population. It is characterised by the spontaneous onset of pain, stiffness and range of motion (ROM) loss at the shoulder. The exact pathophysiology of frozen shoulder is unclear. However it is commonly believed that a combination of capsular contracture and fibrosis of the rotator cuff interval, the subscapular recess and the coracohumeral ligament lead to global movement restriction of the glenohumeral joint. There is no gold standard clinical test for frozen shoulder. Frozen shoulder is therefore a diagnosis of exclusion and relies on the accurate assessment of active and passive ROM. The generally accepted diagnostic criteria for frozen shoulder are active as well as passive movement restriction in at least two planes of shoulder range of motion, one being external rotation. However, the accuracy of active and passive ROM assessment has not been tested in people with frozen shoulder. Further, the evidence of the effectiveness of treatments for frozen shoulder that aim to stretch the presumed tight shoulder structures has been questioned recently. The overall aim of this thesis was to analyse the effectiveness of stretch-based treatments for frozen shoulder and to investigate if capsular contracture is responsible for movement loss in frozen shoulder. Chapter 2 of this thesis contains a systematic review of stretch based treatments for frozen shoulder. The aim of the review was to analyse the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that aim to stretch the tissues of the shoulder region or release the presumed capsular fibrosis. The findings of six high quality randomised controlled clinical trials were reported and discussed. The RCTs included in the study evaluated the effectiveness of manipulation under general anaesthetic (MUA), manual therapy, distension and stretching & strengthening exercises on pain, ROM and function in frozen shoulder. Overall, it was found that mobilisation combined with stretching may result in small gains in passive ROM in the short term compared to stretching and strengthening exercises. Physiotherapy after capsular distension consisting of manual therapy and stretching and strengthening exercise provides no additional benefit in terms of pain, function, or quality of life over sham-ultrasound, but may result in improved active ROM in the short term. However, these improvements may not be clinically significant. Distension, regardless of the medium used to distend the glenohumeral capsule, had no benefit with respect to pain, disability or shoulder abduction and flexion ROM over cortisone injection alone in the short term. Distension with hyaluronic acid lead to a small increase in passive external rotation ROM compared to a glenohumeral corticosteroid injection. MUA did not confers any additional benefit over a home exercise program in terms of pain, function and ROM in people with frozen shoulder Chapter 3 contains a cohort study investigating external rotation ROM and stiffness in healthy shoulders. The effects of sex, handedness, shoulder and body position on active and passive ROM and shoulder stiffness were investigated in twenty healthy participants. The results indicate that passive external rotation ROM was significantly greater than active ROM in people with healthy shoulders. Both active and passive shoulder external rotation ROM were greater when the arm was abducted at 90 degrees compared to lower positions of abduction. There was no difference in active or passive external rotation ROM between dominant and non-dominant shoulders. Female subjects demonstrated significantly more passive external rotation ROM than males. Males had greater stiffness into external rotation range than females in supine but not in other positions. Body position only had an effect on stiffness in males. This study also found that measuring external rotation ROM with the arm by the side yields similar results to external rotation ROM measured in side-lying in 45 degrees of abduction. The latter is not commonly utilised in clinical practice but was the position required for external rotation ROM measurement for the study in Chapter 4 as dictated by the participant position in preparation for shoulder surgery. Finally, Chapter 4 contains a case series of five subjects with global restriction of active and passive shoulder movement of greater than 50% of normal ROM in external rotation and at least one other plane of movement. This study demonstrates that capsular contracture is not a major contributor to movement restriction in all patients who exhibit classical clinical features of frozen shoulder. Although all five cases presented with painful, global restriction of passive shoulder movement, four subjects demonstrated significantly greater abduction range of motion (ROM) and three demonstrated significantly greater external rotation ROM under anaesthesia. These findings highlight the need to reconsider the diagnostic process used for frozen shoulder as well as our understanding of the pathology of frozen shoulder and offers an explanation for why treatments aimed at stretching tight passive structures have not proven to be more effective.
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Cornelisse, R. P. "Enige fiscale aspecten van goodwill /". Deventer : Kluwer, 1992. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/273276972.pdf.
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Stahl, Pierre-Brice. "Étude sur le Vafþrúðnismál et le genre de l’énigme". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG038.
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Le poème Vafþrúðnismál présente la rencontre entre deux figures mythologiques, Vafþrúðnir et Óðinn, qui s'affrontent dans une joute verbale. Une lecture attentive du texte conduit à la conclusion que le dieu, dans les questions qu'il adresse au géant. L’analyse de la nature de l’interaction apporte ainsi une nouvelle compréhension du texte et permet d’expliquer plusieurs aspects du poème, jugés jusqu’à présent problématiques. L’étude montre qu’il n’y a aucune injustice dans la distribution des questions ou dans la dernière énigme, comme on l’a traditionnellement interprété, mais que tous deux répondent à une logique bien précise du texte. A travers cette fiction littéraire, le poème transmet sous une forme ludique un savoir traditionnel au moyen d’un genre particulier : la joute d’énigmesThe poem Vafþrúðnismál presents the meeting of two mythological figures, Vafþrúðnir and Óðinn, who compete in a verbal duel. A close study of the text leads to the conclusion that the god is not seeking any knowledge with his questions to the giant. Therefore, the analysis of the nature of the interaction provides a new understanding of the poem and explains several aspects that have, until now, been perceived as problematic. This study shows that there is no injustice regarding the distribution of questions between the two protagonists, but that this follows a specific logic in the text. In the same way, the analysis of the final riddle reveals that it is not ‘unfair’, as it has traditionally been interpreted, but that it has a precise function in the text. Through this literary fiction, Vafþrúðnismál transmits – in a playful way – traditional knowledge, by means of a specific genre: riddling
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Pröse, Michael. "Chiffriermaschinen und Entzifferungsgeräte im Zweiten Weltkrieg Technikgeschichte und informatikhistorische Aspekte". München M-Press, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2682951&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Carpentier, David Cyriel Jermain. "The baculovirus P10 protein; exploring an enigma". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496053.
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After over 30 years of research the role of the baculovirus P10 protein during infection remains a mystery. Believed to be non-essential during infection both in cell culture and in its natural caterpillar host the tiny P10 protein of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been associated with a number of intracellular structures and functions. Roles in the formation and release of the baculovirus occlusion bodies have been suggested. This thesis describes a number of studies aimed at further elucidating the role and function of the P10 protein A screen of all available ; baculovirus genome sequences revealed that P10 is evolutionarily conserved within the Alphabaculoviruses. Bioinformatics of all identified P10 homologues revealed an overall structural conservation and a high degree of sequence conservation within the N-terminal 14- amino acids. A number of putative modification sites have been identified thought to play an important role in controlling P10 function.
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MEDEIROS, VALERIA DA SILVA. "STUDIES IN SCARLET: ROADS TO THE ENIGMA". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3539@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOREm Estudos em vermelho: caminhos do enigma, estabelecemos um diálogo entre o romance policial em sua configuração clássica e narrativas contemporâneas que se apropriam de elementos estruturantes fundadores, reinventando um novo estatuto e novas funções para a figura do narrador, do personagem do detetive e o seu objeto de investigação, o enigma. Neste diálogo são aprofundados os pressupostos que sustentam as motivações e os caminhos privilegiados na busca de soluções para desvendar enigmas em analogia à função do cientista, comprometido com diversas formas de construção de conhecimento.
In Studies in scarlet: roads to the enigma, our aim is to propose a dialogue between the Poesque detective story and its elaborations and the subversion of the classical genre by a contemporary form that reshapes the seeeming dead-end racionality and its basic elements, such as the narrator, the detective and his object of investigation, the enigma. Throughout this dialogue the basic motivations and means privileged in the search for solutions to the enigma are paralleled to that of the cientist´s in his commitment to the distinct modes of construction of knowledge.
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Grobler, Nicola. "The enigma machine : unravelling the domestic experience". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8007.
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Bibliography: p. 90-93.In today's capitalist society, the environment of the home has become increasingly insular. Though there may be television, Internet and other forms of technology that connect one to the 'outside world', time spent indoors is for many people time spent alone. My body of work is concerned with an individual's experience within the confines of the home, where the exterior (physical space) becomes a reflection of the individual's interior experience.
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Jasinski, Isabel. "O olhar cinematografico e a voz do enigma". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24434.
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Mukangura, Tony K. "Architecture of movement, from an enigma to integration". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39689.pdf.
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Steyn, G. "The Lamu house - an East African architectural enigma". South African Journal of Art History, 2003. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000884.
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Lamu is a living town off the Kenya coast. It was recently nominated to the World Heritage List. The town has
been relatively undisturbed by colonization and modernization. This study reports on the early Swahili dwelling,
which is still a functioning type in Lamu. It commences with a brief historical perspective of Lamu in its Swahili
and East African coastal setting. It compares descriptions of the Lamu house, as found in literature, with
personal observations and field surveys, including a short description of construction methods. The study offers
observations on conservation and the current state of the Lamu house. It is concluded with a comparison between
Lamu and Stone Town, Zanzibar, in terms of house types and settlement patterns. We found that the Lamu house
is the stage for Swahili ritual and that the ancient and climatically uncomfortable plan form has been retained for
nearly a millennium because of its symbolic value.
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Guimarães, Juarez R. (Juarez Rocha). "Claro enigma: o PT e a tradição socialista". [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280342.
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Orientador: Edmundo Fernandes DiasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T21:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_JuarezR.(JuarezRocha)_M.pdf: 2722554 bytes, checksum: c8b163ad5b17f7d72da7a1d4f28c4f61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1990
Resumo: Não informado.
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Sociais
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Gonçalves, Grace de Castro. "Contos de enigma: estratégias pragmáticas de processamento textual". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14452.
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Previous issue date: 2007-06-26Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
The purpose of this work is researching the pragmatic strategies of the textual processing, based on the line of research of Reading, Writing and Teaching Portuguese Language. As elementary and high school teachers, we observe that our students depend on us to read, because they unknow or they are not conscious about such strategies. So, we must increase our knowledge about this subject, intending to prospect opportunities for Portuguese Language teachers can develop activities to raise the independent reader. We chose, as corpus, the enigma narratives Caio Fernando de Abreu s O Inimigo Secreto, Coelho Neto s A Sombra and Luís Martins s Os idos de Março. These narratives were chosen based on the fact that chalenging texts are showed as ludic games and make easier the teaching and learning of reading strategies. In order to develop this investigation, we created subsided by theoretician of Textual Linguistic and Theory of the Discourse Processing the following research questions: which textual process strategies do orient the reader to construct the senses and how can such strategies contribute to the development of independent readers at classroom? The specific intent is to verify what are these strategies and how they can contribute to the reader independency. That analysis allowed to identify frames, reference and referencial progress as strategies to orient the sense construction and to conclude that promoting the identification and application of such strategies at classroom contributes to the development of independent readers
Neste trabalho, situado na linha de pesquisa Leitura, Escrita e Ensino de Língua Portuguesa, propomo-nos a pesquisar as estratégias pragmáticas de processamento textual. Como docentes do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, observamos que os estudantes são leitores dependentes da leitura dos professores porque desconhecem ou não têm consciência de tais estratégias. Neste sentido, devemos aprofundar nossos conhecimentos sobre o tema, com a finalidade de abrir perspectivas para que o professor de Língua Portuguesa possa desenvolver atividades que possibilitem a formação do leitor independente. Escolhemos, como corpus, as narrativas de enigma O inimigo Secreto, de Caio Fernando de Abreu; A Sombra, de Coelho Neto; e Os idos de Março, de Luís Martins. Fizemos essa opção baseados no fato de que textos desafiantes que se apresentam ludicamente como jogos facilitam o ensino e a aprendizagem de estratégias de leitura. Para o desenvolvimento de nossa investigação, elaboramos à luz de teóricos da Lingüística Textual e da Teoria do Processamento do Discurso as seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: que estratégias de processamento textual orientam o leitor na construção dos sentidos e como essas estratégias podem contribuir para a formação de leitores independentes em sala de aula. Com base nessas questões, tivemos como objetivo específico verificar quais são essas estratégias e como elas podem contribuir para a independência leitora. Nossas análises permitiram-nos identificar frames, referenciação e progressão referencial como estratégias orientadoras da construção de sentido e concluir que promover a identificação e aplicação dessas mesmas estratégias em sala de aula podem contribuir para a formação de leitores independentes
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Cachopo, João Pedro de Bastos Gonçalves. "Verdade e enigma no pensamento estético de Adorno". Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6307.
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção
do grau de Doutor em Filosofia ContemporâneaA presente dissertação debruça-se sobre o pensamento estético de Adorno e procura esclarecer aquele que é talvez o seu desafio mais decisivo: a captação e a exploração críticas do «teor de verdade» de obras de arte. Que a verdade da arte, segundo Adorno – para quem esta questão se declina no singular, a respeito de obras de arte concretas –, seja inseparável do seu potencial crítico, da sua negatividade, é insofismável. Contudo, esse potencial revela-se irredutível à lógica de uma arte explicitamente política e não é possível pensá-lo abstraindo da imanência dos processos artísticos. Em consonância com a insistência de Adorno na tese de que o potencial crítico da arte e a sua autonomia não se contradizem, a dialéctica entre «verdade» e «aparência» ocupou um lugar central na recepção da estética de Adorno. Nos termos dessa dialéctica, de que nos ocuparemos na Primeira Parte, a arte é crítica não só na medida em que certas obras de arte exibem a negatividade do real, mas também por nelas aparecer justamente o que de súbito escapa a essa mesma negatividade. O «teor de verdade» seria então a «aparência do não-aparente», ou seja, a aparência da reconciliação de contradições que, sendo as do real, penetraram historicamente na esfera imanente das artes. Ora, é para desequilibrar esta dialéctica entre verdade e aparência – que, como tentaremos explicitar, não faz justiça à estética de Adorno, na medida em que permite confundi-la com uma estética de carácter utópico – que deslocaremos a nossa atenção, na Segunda Parte, para o conceito de «enigma» e para a sua relação com o de «verdade». Segundo a nossa hipótese – e baseando-nos sempre em passagens decisivas da Teoria Estética, bem como de outros textos dispersos pelo corpus adorniano – o «teor de verdade» de obras de arte jogar-se-ia eminentemente no facto de estas, em virtude do seu «carácter enigmático», resistirem à interpretação. Em vários casos – sendo que nos deteremos nos estudos dedicados a Beethoven, a Kafka, a Hölderlin, a Beckett e a Mahler – o âmago da estética adorniana residiria no desdobramento dos efeitos críticos de uma tal experiência do «enigmático». Ou seja, cabe salientar que, para Adorno, a arte, considerando o seu potencial crítico, não se limita a denunciar o real – sob a figura do «protesto» – ou a antecipar um outro real por vir – sob a figura da «utopia» – mas, enquanto «enigma», lança a razão numa crise de compreensão que abala as condições de inteligibilidade do real e, consequentemente, da sua possível transformação. Assim, na esteira da exploração das vertentes negativa e afirmativa da arte em relação ao «carácter enigmático», a nossa pesquisa desembocará na hipótese de que, por mor tanto da captação da sua singularidade quanto do enfoque na sua actualidade, convém destacar na estética adorniana o conceito de «enigma» – em detrimento dos de «belo» e de «sublime» – e pensá-la como uma «estética do enigmático».
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Zeffiro, Lorenzo. "Tecniche di decifrazione e modelli matematici della macchina Enigma". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19137/.
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La tesi verte su descrizione della macchina Enigma e sul relativo metodo di criptazione. Inoltre, è presente la descrizione di un emulatore della macchina Enigma, da me realizzato. La parte più consistente della tesi riguarda le tecniche di decifrazione utilizzate dai polacchi e dagli inglesi, con particolare riferimento al contributo di Turing.
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Sant\'Ana, Raquel Vieira Parrine. "Contradições do detetive: a literatura policial como problema para a teoria literária em obras de Machado de Assis, Jorge Luis Borges e Roberto Bolaño". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-08012013-161300/.
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Este estudo parte de uma visão teórica da literatura policial para analisar obras de três escritores latino-americanos: Machado de Assis, Jorge Luis Borges e Roberto Bolaño. O objetivo é fornecer um novo subsídio teórico para a leitura destes autores e, por outro lado, aprofundar a visão sobre o gênero policial no Brasil, ampliando, a partir dele, as discussões relacionadas à teoria literária. A causa secreta é um conto contemporâneo ao marco do nascimento do gênero policial nos Estados Unidos, com Edgar Allan Poe. Neste momento em que a literatura policial ainda não está consolidada, Machado de Assis cria também um personagem apaixonado pela análise dos caracteres humanos, o médico Garcia. Desde o título, como nos livros policiais, o leitor está procurando um segredo, cuja solução depende de sua confiança na autoridade narrativa, mas, em última análise, nunca pode ser realmente liquidado, porque nele reside o enigma fundamental da literatura: a impossibilidade de apropriação do Outro. Em El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan, Jorge Luis Borges usa o gênero para travar uma discussão sobre o tempo na narrativa e revolve o relato sobre si mesmo, usando uma autoinserção temporal. Foi considerado, assim, uma subversão na medida em que, pretensamente, destrói as balizas de gênero. Entretanto, segundo Jacques Derrida, um gênero é formado não só de marcas que identificam uma obra com a outra, mas também por alterações dentro da forma, que aumentam os limites genéricos. Desta forma, Borges, do ponto de vista da literatura policial, ajuda a criar um novo subgênero, o policial metafísico. Desde a perspectiva de um novo policial que discute seu próprio estatuto, analisamos o romance do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño, Los detectives salvajes, em que lemos a história da busca de uma pessoa que, na verdade, está morta e só sabemos de sua morte no final da narrativa. Isso opera uma diferença fundamental: esta obra narra pela lente do luto, enquanto no policial esta dimensão é suplantada pela necessidade da intriga. De outra forma, o percurso dos personagens também responde à sombra do enigma que é a voz do Outro. A literatura policial, assim, é um gênero caracterizado por uma busca incessante, motivada por um enigma que o detetive precisa solucionar. Tradicionalmente, esta demanda é bem sucedida. Entretanto, nunca vemos o personagem, satisfeito por mais um trabalho resolvido, voltar para casa, o que prova que, de alguma forma, nem ele mesmo está convencido da solução do enigma. O segredo, portanto, exige uma dedicação infinita. De alguma forma, o personagem modelar do detetive reflete o trabalho do crítico literário. A busca incessante, o solilóquio que esconde o enigma, a necessidade de autoridade narrativa são questões importantes do nosso trabalho. Qual seria a responsabilidade, portanto, do crítico? Estaria disposto a sacrificar sua autoridade pela verdade?This research begins with a theoretical vision of crime fiction to analyze works of three Latin-american authors: Machado de Assis, Jorge Luis Borges and Roberto Bolaño. The objective is to offer a new theoretical basis for reading these writers and also to deepen the study of crime fiction in Brazil, widening, thus, the debates regarding literary theory. A causa secreta is a short story contemporary of the birth of crime fiction in the United States, with Edgar Allan Poe. In that moment, when crime fiction wasnt consolidated yet, Machado de Assis also created a character passionate for the analysis of human character, doctor Garcia. From the title, as to the mystery book itself, the reader is looking for a secret, and the solution will only be brought through the readers distrust of the narrative settings. But the enigma, in fact, can never be solved because within it there is the fundamental secret of literature: the impossibility of appropriation of the Other. In El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan Jorge Luis Borges uses the genre to discuss time in fiction and turns the narrative upon itself by creating a temporal auto insertion. It is considered, thus, a subversion as it allegedly destroys the laws of the genre. However, according to Jacques Derrida, a genre is formed not only by the marks that defines it, but also by the alterations within its form, which enlarges its limits. In this way, through the point of view of crime fiction, Borges contributes to create a new subgenre: the metaphysical crime fiction. Through the perspective of a new crime fiction that questions its own statute, we analyzed the novel Los detectives salvajes, by Chilean author Roberto Bolaño, in which we read the story of a search of a person who, actually, is already dead, and we only get to know it in the end of the novel. This operates a structural difference: the book narrates through the lens of mourning, while in crime fiction this sentiment is superseded by the necessity of intrigue. In another way, the course of those characters also responds to the shadows of the enigma that is the voice of the Other. Crime fiction, thus, is a genre based on a relentless quest, motivated by an enigma that the detective has to solve. Traditionally, this demand is well succeeded. But we never see the detective, satisfied after another job well done, going back home, which proves that, in a way, not even he is convinced that the enigma is solved. In a way, the model character of the detective reflects, as some authors suggest, the work of the literary critic. The endless search, the monologue that hides the enigma, the necessity of narrative authority all this elements are important to our work. Then, what is the responsibility of the critic? Is he willing to sacrifice his authority for the truth?
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Pröse, Michael. "Chiffriermaschinen und Entzifferungsgeräte im Zweiten Weltkrieg : Technikgeschichte und informatik-historische Aspekte /". München : Meidenbauer, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2682951&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Sahebdivan, Sahar. "The enigma of imaging in the Maxwell fisheye medium". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9894.
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The resolution of optical instruments is normally limited by the wave nature of light. Circumventing this limit, known as the diffraction limit of imaging, is of tremendous practical importance for modern science and technology. One method, super-resolved fluorescence microscopy was distinguished with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014, but there is plenty of room for alternatives and complementary methods such as the pioneering work of Prof. J. Pendry on the perfect lens based on negative refraction that started the entire research area of metamaterials. In this thesis, we have used analytical techniques to solve several important challenges that have risen in the discussion of the microwave experimental demonstration of absolute optical instruments and the controversy surrounding perfect imaging. Attempts to overcome or circumvent Abbe's diffraction limit of optical imaging, have traditionally been greeted with controversy. In this thesis, we have investigated the role of interacting sources and detectors in perfect imaging. We have established limitations and prospects that arise from interactions and resonances inside the lens. The crucial role of detection becomes clear in Feynman's argument against the diffraction limit: “as Maxwell's electromagnetism is invariant upon time reversal, the electromagnetic wave emitted from a point source may be reversed and focused into a point with point-like precision, not limited by diffraction.” However, for this, the entire emission process must be reversed, including the source: A point drain must sit at the focal position, in place of the point source, otherwise, without getting absorbed at the detector, the focused wave will rebound and the superposition of the focusing and the rebounding wave will produce a diffraction-limited spot. The time-reversed source, the drain, is the detector which taking the image of the source. In 2011-2012, experiments with microwaves have confirmed the role of detection in perfect focusing. The emitted radiation was actively time-reversed and focused back at the point of emission, where, the time-reversed of the source sits. Absorption in the drain localizes the radiation with a precision much better than the diffraction limit. Absolute optical instruments may perform the time reversal of the field with perfectly passive materials and send the reversed wave to a different spatial position than the source. Perfect imaging with absolute optical instruments is defected by a restriction: so far it has only worked for a single–source single–drain configuration and near the resonance frequencies of the device. In chapters 6 and 7 of the thesis, we have investigated the imaging properties of mutually interacting detectors. We found that an array of detectors can image a point source with arbitrary precision. However, for this, the radiation has to be at resonance. Our analysis has become possible thanks to a theoretical model for mutually interacting sources and drains we developed after considerable work and several failed attempts. Modelling such sources and drains analytically had been a major unsolved problem, full numerical simulations have been difficult due to the large difference in the scales involved (the field localization near the sources and drains versus the wave propagation in the device). In our opinion, nobody was able to reproduce reliably the experiments, because of the numerical complexity involved. Our analytic theory draws from a simple, 1–dimensional model we developed in collaboration with Tomas Tyc (Masaryk University) and Alex Kogan (Weizmann Institute). This model was the first to explain the data of experiment, characteristic dips of the transmission of displaced drains, which establishes the grounds for the realistic super-resolution of absolute optical instruments. As the next step in Chapter 7 we developed a Lagrangian theory that agrees with the simple and successful model in 1–dimension. Inspired by the Lagrangian of the electromagnetic field interacting with a current, we have constructed a Lagrangian that has the advantage of being extendable to higher dimensions in our case two where imaging takes place. Our Lagrangian theory represents a device-independent, idealized model independent of numerical simulations. To conclude, Feynman objected to Abbe's diffraction limit, arguing that as Maxwell's electromagnetism is time-reversal invariant, the radiation from a point source may very well become focused in a point drain. Absolute optical instruments such as the Maxwell Fisheye can perform the time reversal and may image with a perfect resolution. However, the sources and drains in previous experiments were interacting with each other as if Feynman's drain would act back to the source in the past. Different ways of detection might circumvent this feature. The mutual interaction of sources and drains does ruin some of the promising features of perfect imaging. Arrays of sources are not necessarily resolved with arrays of detectors, but it also opens interesting new prospects in scanning near-fields from far–field distances. To summarise the novel idea of the thesis: • We have discovered and understood the problems with the initial experimental demonstration of the Maxwell Fisheye. • We have solved a long-standing challenge of modelling the theory for mutually interacting sources and drains. • We understand the imaging properties of the Maxwell Fisheye in the wave regime. Let us add one final thought. It has taken the scientific community a long time of investigation and discussion to understand the different ingredients of the diffraction limit. Abbe's limit was initially attributed to the optical device only. But, rather all three processes of imaging, namely illumination, transfer and detection, make an equal contribution to the total diffraction limit. Therefore, we think that for violating the diffraction limit one needs to consider all three factors together. Of course, one might circumvent the limit and achieve a better resolution by focusing on one factor, but that does not necessary imply the violation of a fundamental limit. One example is STED microscopy that focuses on the illumination, another near–field scanning microscopy that circumvents the diffraction limit by focusing on detection. Other methods and strategies in sub-wavelength imaging –negative refraction, time reversal imaging and on the case and absolute optical instruments –are concentrating on the faithful transfer of the optical information. In our opinion, the most significant, and naturally the most controversial, part of our findings in the course of this study was elucidating the role of detection. Maxwell's Fisheye transmits the optical information faithfully, but this is not enough. To have a faithful image, it is also necessary to extract the information at the destination. In our last two papers, we report our new findings of the contribution of detection. We find out in the absolute optical instruments, such as the Maxwell Fisheye, embedded sources and detectors are not independent. They are mutually interacting, and this interaction influences the imaging property of the system.
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Ribeiro, Mariana Aparecida de Oliveira. "A formação do pesquisa-dor: do enigma ao sinthoma". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-09032016-102326/.
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Tomamos a constituição de um objeto de pesquisa como objeto alvo de nosso estudo. Nosso objetivo foi investigar as possíveis correlações entre a constituição de um objeto de pesquisa e aquilo que, para um pesquisador, permaneceu como não simbolizado, como um enigma que o move e ao qual ele sempre retorna. Para tanto, buscamos responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: 1) Em que medida é possível afirmar que a escrita de um relatório de pesquisa pode funcionar como vetor para tratar enigmas ainda não solucionados? e 2) Considerando o cotejamento das versões de textos de um informante, o que se pode afirmar a respeito da correlação entre suas tentativas de vir a inventar um estilo singular e a constituição de um objeto de pesquisa? O corpus foi constituído de 1134 manuscritos doados por três informantes, nomeadas como Bridget, Cristina e Louise. O material que compõe o corpus é bastante diverso, sendo composto de versões de capítulos de textos acadêmicos (dissertações e tese), resenhas teóricas, anotações, e-mails, trabalhos de disciplina etc. que foram utilizados (e que testemunham o) no percurso de escrita das informantes. Faz parte do banco de dados do projeto coletivo Movimentos do Escrito, do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Produção Escrita e Psicanálise GEPPEP. Utilizamo-nos de um referencial teórico advindo da Educação, da Psicanálise e da Linguística, a partir do qual nos propusemos a discutir a relação que os sujeitos estabelecem com seus objetos (de gozo, amor e pesquisa) e como lidam com o Real (LACAN, 1972-1973). Trabalhar para constituir um objeto de pesquisa pode ter efeitos estruturantes sobre quem realiza esse ato. Oferece a possibilidade de construção de uma nova forma de colocar-se no mundo. Sendo uma satisfação em si, a conquista da constituição de um objeto de pesquisa pode oferecer um modo de proteger alguém do sofrimento psíquico gerado pela impossibilidade de simbolização do trauma do encontro com a sexualidade. Pode ser um modo de lidar com um questionamento insolúvel (um enigma). A constituição de um objeto de pesquisa é uma metáfora e metonímia dos primeiros objetos de amor de uma pessoa, apontando para a constituição de um sinthoma, na acepção de Jacques Lacan. Nessa direção, haveria pelo menos dois caminhos predominantes: um que busca tamponar o Real, seria aquele encontrado por quem busca defesas, como os sonhos e as fantasias; e outro por quem tenta incluir o Real. Trata-se do caminho escolhido por aqueles que buscam formular um sinthoma, inscrever seu nome pela constituição de um objeto de pesquisa, por exemplo. Por meio da análise das versões de textos das informantes, sobretudo, na parte do trabalho dedicado à análise de dados, pudemos constatar que as três terminaram a redação de seus relatórios de pesquisa antes de ter conseguido constituir seus objetos de pesquisa como tal. Isso porque, ao realizar suas análises, tiveram dificuldade de se despir de um imaginário do que seja o texto, bem como de superar o medo de se fazer objeto do outro.The constitution of a research object was the target of this study. Its aim was to investigate the possible correlations between the constitution of a research object and the thing that, to the researcher, remained as not symbolized, as an enigma that move him and to where he always turns back. In order to do so, the following questions were expected to be answered: 1) To what extent is it possible to assert that a research report writing may work as a vector to deal with enigmas still unsolved? and 2) Considering the comparison of text versions produced by a post-graduation student, what is possible to assert about the correlation between his attempt to invent a singular style and the constitution of a research object? The corpus consisted of 1070 manuscripts donated by three post-graduation researchers, named Bridget, Cristina e Louise. The material that composes the corpus is very diverse, consisting of versions of academic texts chapters (dissertations and theses), theoretical reviews, text notes, e-mails, discipline papers, etc. Such material was used during (and gives evidence of) the students writing path. These manuscripts are part of the database from the collective project Writing Movements, developed by the members of the Group of Studies and Research Written Production and Psychoanalysis GEPPEP (in Portuguese: Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Produção Escrita e Psicanálise). The theoretical background employed in this work comes from the fields of Education, Psychoanalysis and Linguistics. From these references, this thesis discusses the relationship that the subjects stablish with their (jouissance, love and research) objects and how they deal with the Real (LACAN, 1972-1973). Working on the constitution of a research object may have structuring effects on the ones who carry out such an effort. It offers the possibility of constructing a new way of placing oneself in the world. Being a kind of satisfaction itself, the conquest of a research object constitution may offer a way of protecting someone from the psychic suffering caused by the impossibility of the symbolization of the encounter with the sexuality trauma. It may be a way of dealing with an unsolvable question (an enigma). The constitution of a research object is a metaphor and a metonymy of the first love objects of someone, pointing to the constitution of a sinthome, in the sense developed by Jacques Lacan. In this direction, there would be at least two predominant ways: one that aims to close the Real, which would be the one found by the one who looks for defenses, like dreams and fantasies; and another that would be found for the ones who attempt to include the Real. The last one is the way chosen for the ones who seek for shaping a sinthome, inscribing ones name through the constitution of a research object, for example. Through the analysis of the students text versions, above all, at the part of the report dedicated to data analysis, it was possible to find out that that all the three students had finished the composition of their research reports before having achieved their research objects as such. It happened because when carrying out their analyses, they faced difficulties in separating themselves of an imaginary about what would be the text, as well as overcoming the fear of making themselves the object of the other.