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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Ethical Reasoning Process”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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Fleischman, Gary M., Sean Valentine, and Don W. Finn. "Ethical Reasoning and Equitable Relief." Behavioral Research in Accounting 19, no. 1 (2007): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria.2007.19.1.107.

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Professional manager perceptions were investigated in this study using a survey containing two equitable relief situational vignettes to investigate empirically two of the four steps from Rest's (1986) ethical reasoning process. Business societal perceptions of the equitable relief subset of the innocent spouse rules were also investigated, focusing on the knowledge of evasion and abuse factors. The results indicated that the ethical reasoning process was significantly related to ethical decision making and Rest's (1986) model. Furthermore, decision makers were more likely to judge that relief

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De Silva, D. K. M., G. V. G. Madhushika, S. D. D. Prabhani, and T. A. Asuakkody. "Overview of Ethical Reasoning in Nursing: A Scoping Review." Sri Lankan Journal of Nursing 3, no. 1 (2024): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljn.v3i1.50.

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Introduction: Nurses are anticipated to address diverse human needs, leading to the emergence of numerous ethical challenges in their daily practice. Contemporary nursing requires proficiency not only in advanced medical-technical skills but also competence in focusing on the ethical dimensions, including ethical reasoning and decision-making, inherent in-patient care. Negotiating the ethical intricacies of treatment in practical scenarios presents a significant challenge for nurses. Despite the complexity, ongoing review and improvement are necessary to uphold professional standards and prior

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Tannenbaum, Scott I., Vickie J. Greene, and Albert S. Glickman. "The ethical reasoning process in an organizational consulting situation." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 20, no. 4 (1989): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.20.4.229.

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White, Judith, and Chris Manolis. "INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ETHICAL REASONING AMONG LAW STUDENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 25, no. 1 (1997): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.1.19.

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Individual differences in ethical reasoning were examined among first-year law school students to determine, among other things, whether gender moderates the process of ethical reasoning. Individuals bring a variety of psychological, philosophical, and ethical orientations to professional life, potentially challenging traditional assumptions concerning appropriate responses to ethical dilemmas. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this research demonstrates that the individual differences of gender, learning style, and world view are significantly more influential in the use of an

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Callister, Lynn Clark, Karlen E. Luthy, Pam Thompson, and Rae Jeanne Memmott. "Ethical Reasoning in Baccalaureate Nursing Students." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 4 (2009): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009104612.

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Nurses are encountering an increasing number of ethical dilemmas in clinical practice. Ethics courses for baccalaureate nursing students provide the opportunity for the development of critical thinking skills in order to deal with these effectively. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to describe ethical reasoning in 70 baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in a nursing ethics course. Reflective clinical journals were analyzed as appropriate for qualitative inquiry. The overriding theme emerging from the data was `in the process of becoming', which includes: practicing as a

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Massey, Dawn W., and Linda Thorne. "The Impact of Task Information Feedback on Ethical Reasoning." Behavioral Research in Accounting 18, no. 1 (2006): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria.2006.18.1.103.

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This study investigates whether task information feedback (TIF) promotes 84 auditors' and accounting students' use of higher ethical reasoning, thereby increasing their tendency to consider the public interest in the resolution of ethical dilemmas. TIF is a type of feedback in which subjects are provided with guidance about the cognitive decision-making process they should use. In our experiment, subjects used higher ethical reasoning to resolve audit dilemmas after receiving TIF than they did before receiving TIF. Accordingly, our findings suggest that TIF is effective in promoting higher eth

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Andrade, Barbara, and Oscar Ugalde. "Ethical Self-Evidence and the Principle of Proportionality: Two Fundamental Ethical Principles Applied to a Psychiatric Case Report." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (2011): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.13.1.29.

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When confronting ethical problems, clinicians generally feel both unprepared as well as in need of orientation. Ethical norms issued by medical associations are necessary and helpful but insufficient: by definition, codes and norms arepreethical; that is, they establish guidelines before the truly ethical question even arises. To arrive at a clear ethical formulation and to bridge the gap between a set of rules and their application in particular cases are essential. This article discusses some problems with ethical systems and then demonstrates that it is possible to formulate two fundamental

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Harrison, Lisa, and Brandon Hunt. "Adolescent Involvement in the Medical Decision Making Process." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 30, no. 4 (1999): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.30.4.3.

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Many adolescents reach full cognitive development by age 15. Age 18, however, has been designated the age when adolescents may give consent to medical treatment. When the reasoning ability of the adolescent has reached maturation, but the law does not afford the adolescent the ability to utilize his or her reasoning ability, conflicts may arise. Parents may wish one set of treatments for their child and the child may wish for a different type of treatment. When the adolescent is the client of a rehabilitation counselor or healthcare professional, ethical dilemmas may also arise. Supporting the

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Blomberg, Karin, and Birgitta Bisholt. "Clinical group supervision for integrating ethical reasoning." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 7 (2016): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015583184.

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Background: Clinical group supervision has existed for over 20 years in nursing. However, there is a lack of studies about the role of supervision in nursing students’ education and especially the focus on ethical reasoning. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe nursing students’ ethical reasoning and their supervisors’ experiences related to participation in clinical group supervision. Research design: The study is a qualitative interview study with interpretative description as an analysis approach. Participants and research context: A total of 17 interviews were conducted w

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Patenaude, Johane, Georges-Auguste Legault, Monelle Parent, et al. "OP104 Health Technology Assessment's Ethical Evaluation: Understanding The Diversity Of Approaches." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001738.

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INTRODUCTION:The main difficulties encountered in the integration of ethics in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) were identified in our systematic review. In the process of analyzing these difficulties we then addressed the question of the diversity of ethical approaches (1) and the difficulties in their operationalization (2,3).METHODS:Nine ethical approaches were identified: principlism, casuistry, coherence analysis, wide reflexive equilibrium, axiology, socratic approach, triangular method, constructive technology assessment and social shaping of technology. Three criteria were used to cl

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Adams, Barbara L., Fannie L. Malone, and Woodrow James. "Confidentiality decisions: The reasoning process of CPAS in resolving ethical dilemmas." Journal of Business Ethics 14, no. 12 (1995): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00872117.

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Sumpter, Lovisa, and Maria Hedefalk. "När dela lika är olika." Nordisk barnehageforskning 20, no. 2 (2023): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/nbf.v20.256.

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En av nyckelfrågorna inom hållbar utveckling handlar om fördelning av resurser, en fråga som berör värderingar och har flertalet matematiska egenskaper. Denna artikel fokuserar på förskolebarns kollektiva resonemang om fördelning av mängder, när matematiken dominerar resonemanget alternativt ersätts av eller kombineras med hållbara etiska resonemang. Två barn, 4 och 6 år, löste tillsammans sex olika fall. Data analyserades med två ramverk: ett som handlar om kollektiva matematiska resonemang och fokuserar på innehållet i argumenten, och ett som handlar om processen att skapa etiska resonemang

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Myser, C., I. H. Kerridge, and K. R. Mitchell. "Ethical reasoning and decision-making in the clinical setting: assessing the process." Medical Education 29, no. 1 (1995): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb02796.x.

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Lee, Angel, Emre Yildiz, and Aman Ullah Chaudhary. "Effectiveness of a Values Clarification Program on Ethical Reasoning and Identity Stability." Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies 5, no. 5 (2024): 155–63. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.5.5.17.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured values clarification program on enhancing ethical reasoning and identity stability among young adults. Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 participants from Turkey, randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). The experimental group participated in a six-session, 90-minute values clarification program, while the control group received no intervention. Ethical reasoning was measured using the Defining Issues Test, Second Edition (DIT-2), and

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Weber, James. "Understanding the Millennials’ Integrated Ethical Decision-Making Process: Assessing the Relationship Between Personal Values and Cognitive Moral Reasoning." Business & Society 58, no. 8 (2017): 1671–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650317726985.

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Focusing on millennials, individuals born between 1980 and 2000 and representing the largest generational population in our history, this research seeks to understand their ethical decision-making processes by exploring the distinctive, yet interconnected, theories of personal values and cognitive moral reasoning. Utilizing a decision-making framework introduced in the 1990s, we discover that there is a statistically supported relationship between a millennial’s personal value orientation and stage of cognitive moral reasoning. Moreover, we discover a strong relationship between three of the f

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Apsalone, Madara. "Managing workplace diversity: Ethical reasoning in a socio-cultural context." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 10 (2018): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i10.3061.

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Workplaces are becoming increasingly diverse, and businesses constantly face the challenge of ensuring work ethics to strengthen competitiveness. Workplace ethics is affected not just by potential gains and losses of unethical action but also by employee morale, values and self-concept. The ethical reasoning process depends on both perception of what is ethical and the ability to justify unethical action in a given situation. In this study, we explore the role of individual, organisational and situational factors influencing the perceived degree of unethical behaviour at work. Individual socio

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Tarvydas, Vilia M. "Decision Making Models in Ethics: Models for Increased Clarity and Wisdom." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 18, no. 4 (1987): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.18.4.50.

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The importance of appropriate decision-making models in ethical judgment by rehabilitation counseling practitioners is discussed. Several prominent models for decision making in ethics are reviewed, including professional self-exploration, moral reasoning discourse, developmental process, and multidimensional, integrative process models.

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Handelsman, Mitchell M. "Canon 6 - Confidentiality—Confidentiality: The Ethical Baby in the Legal Bathwater." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 18, no. 4 (1987): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.18.4.33.

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The ethical principle of confidentiality is often overshadowed by narrow discussions of the legal concept of privileged communication. Even professional ethics codes offer only minimal guidance. Policies and practices regarding confidentiality need to be based on a process of ethical reasoning and reflection that includes the philosophical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity.

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Milling, Louise, Jeannett Kjær, Oliver B. Sørensen, et al. "Development and Validation of a Case-Based Survey Assessing Ethical Decision-Making in Prehospital Resuscitation." Healthcare 13, no. 3 (2025): 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030267.

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Objectives: Ethical considerations are central to deciding on resuscitation in a prehospital setting. A systematic study of ethical views can enlighten the area and potentially reveal variations in decision-making. We aimed to explore the ethical views on resuscitation and their impact on the reasoning of prehospital healthcare professionals using a qualitative approach and a structured questionnaire. This study describes the validation of a structured questionnaire designed to explore the ethical views on resuscitation and its impact on the reasoning of prehospital healthcare professionals. M

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Bagshaw, Avril, and Lorraine Pinnington. "The Outcome and Implications of Screening Student Projects for Evidence of Ethical Reasoning." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 55, no. 12 (1992): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269205501203.

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This article presents the results of a retrospective survey of research protocols submitted by occupational therapy students over a 3-year period. It follows a companion article1 which considered the increasing importance of ethics in occupational therapy education. Data concerning the number and type of projects conducted by students are reported and discussed in the context of their ethical implications. In addition, the advice given to students in response to their research protocols is outlined and the limitations of the ethical screening process are evaluated. The article concludes with r

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Mujtaba, Muhammad Irsyad Elfin, and Tri Sangga Prestiani. "Kematangan Etika Pada Pendidikan Akuntansi : Tinjauan After Virtue." Owner 8, no. 2 (2024): 1877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2009.

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The accounting scandals that have occurred so far are thought to be the result of ethical failures and the role of accounting education has been asked to be responsible for them. However, the ethical maturity of accounting students during their educational process is still questionable. The influence of mainstream Anglo-American capitalist culture is the cause. To address this, Alasdair MacIntyre's After Virtue moral discourse is proposed with the main focus being to answer the question "what kind of person do I want to be?" This research uses a library research approach by reviewing literatur

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Nuttgens, Simon. "Identifying and addressing nonrational processes in REB ethical decision-making." Research Ethics 17, no. 3 (2021): 328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747016121994011.

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Ethical decision-making is inherent to the research ethics committee (REC) deliberation process. While ethical codes, regulations, and research standards are indispensable in guiding this process, decision-making is nonetheless susceptible to nonrational factors that can undermined the quality, consistency, and perceived fairness REC decisions. In this paper I identify biases and heuristics (i.e., nonrational factors) that are known to influence the reasoning processes among the general population and various professions alike. I suggest that such factors will inevitably arise within the REC r

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Thorne, Linda, Dawn W. Massey, and Joanne Jones. "An Investigation of Social Influence: Explaining the Effect of Group Discussion on Consensus in Auditors’ Ethical Reasoning." Business Ethics Quarterly 14, no. 3 (2004): 525–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200414321.

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Abstract:This study introduces Moscovici’s (1976, 1985) model of social influence to the accounting research domain, and uses an experiment to assess whether his theory explains how different types of discussion affects consensus in auditors’ ethical reasoning. Moscovici’s theory proposes three modalities of influence to describe how consensus is achieved following discussion: conformity, innovation, and normalization. Conformity describes the situation where individuals in the minority (e.g., auditors that do not accept the dominant view) accede to the majority (e.g., auditors that hold the d

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Adams, Sara B. "Empathy as an Ethical Imperative." Creative Nursing 24, no. 3 (2018): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.24.3.166.

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Empathy is an often-discussed topic among nurse scientists, educators, and professional practitioners. There is a small, but growing, body of research with a focus on empathy and its direct impact on clinical patient outcomes. However, nurses continue to place value on behavioral aspects of empathy, such as understanding the thoughts and feelings of others, caring, and perspective taking (Hojat, 2016; Kunyk & Olson, 2001). These empathic behaviors are foundational to establishing the nurse–patient relationship. The nurse–patient relationship is also central to the delivery of ethical patie

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D. K., Amao,, Ogunkunle, O. O., Agu, J. N., Omoniyi, A. D., and Sakpere, W. "Role of Technology in a Social, Economic and Ethical Environment: Jurisprudence Approaches to Legal Reasoning." African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration 8, no. 2 (2025): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-ee96ajbg.

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Technology has dramatically transformed legal reasoning and impacted social, economic, and ethical frameworks. This article explores the evolving role of technology in the law and analyses its impact from different legal perspectives. From digital communication tools and automation to artificial intelligence and forensic advances, technology is improving legal efficiency, access to justice, and decision-making processes. Digital case management systems, blockchain smart contract technology, and virtual courts have revolutionized legal practice, making legal services more efficient and convenie

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Acosta Herrería, Dulvis Lianet, Jorge Luis Santana Pérez, Ariel Sosa Remón, et al. "Artificial Intelligence and Medicine: Where is scientific and technical development taking us?" Seminars in Medical Writing and Education 4 (January 1, 2025): 162. https://doi.org/10.56294/mw2025162.

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Introduction: Clinical reasoning is the fundamental tool in the work of the physician, and has benefited from current techno-scientific advances, which at the same time try to replace the work of the health professional. In this way, the doctor-patient relationship, the essential link in the procedures of the clinical method, deteriorates. Artificial intelligence and other innovations have revolutionized health institutions, the way of approaching medical care, clinical reasoning and the teaching-learning process of medicine. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of medic

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Durgahee, Taleb. "Reflective Practice: nursing ethics through story telling." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 2 (1997): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400205.

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Reflection is a method of learning and teaching professional maturity through the critical analysis of experience. An illuminative research approach was used over a period of five years in collaboration with students on a palliative care course to investigate the effects of learning moral and ethical reasoning by reliving clinical experiences through story telling. This study concludes that: self-concept is enhanced; communication skills are increased; and insight development is part of learning to reason fairly and ethically, and is achieved through a cathartic process, leading to the concept

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Volodina, E. V., and I. V. Volodina. "Using active methods and Artificial Intelligence in foreign language teaching among technical university students." TIDINGS of the Baltic State Fishing Fleet Academy Psychological and pedagogical sciences (Theory and methods of professional education), no. 2(72) (July 9, 2025): 142–46. https://doi.org/10.46845/2071-5331-2025-2-72-142-146.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) acquires increasing importance in all spheres of activity all over the world. Integration of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence into educational process is relevant. Using artificial intelligence in educational process creates an opportunity to develop critical thinking, problem-solving skills and ethical reasoning among students. The novelties in educational process are connected with using effective methods which contribute forming cognitive abilities among technical university students: speech, thinking, attention, memory, ima

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Svantesson, Mia, Marit Silén, and Inger James. "It’s not all about moral reasoning: Understanding the content of Moral Case Deliberation." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 2 (2017): 212–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017700235.

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Background: Moral Case Deliberation is one form of clinical ethics support described as a facilitator-led collective moral reasoning by healthcare professionals on a concrete moral question connected to their practice. Evaluation research is needed, but, as human interaction is difficult to standardise, there is a need to capture the content beyond moral reasoning. This allows for a better understanding of Moral Case Deliberation, which may contribute to further development of valid outcome criteria and stimulate the normative discussion of what Moral Case Deliberation should contain. Objectiv

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Watson, Ian, and Srinath Perera. "Case-based design: A review and analysis of building design applications." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 1 (1997): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001840.

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AbstractThis paper presents a review of CBD and its application to building design in particular. Case-based design is the application of case-based reasoning to the design process. Design maps well to case-based reasoning because designers use parts of previous design solutions in developing new design solutions. This paper identifies problems of case representation, retrieval, adaptation, presentation, and case-based maintenance along with creativity, legal, and ethical issues that need to be addressed by CBD systems. It provides a comprehensive review of CBD systems developed for building d

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Lin, Ziyan, and Yun Dai. "Fostering Epistemic Insights into AI Ethics through a Constructionist Pedagogy: An Interdisciplinary Approach to AI Literacy." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 28 (2025): 29171–77. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i28.35190.

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There is a growing consensus on the importance of AI ethics in K-12 education, yet effective teaching remains a challenge. AI ethics requires an interdisciplinary understanding of computer science, philosophy, and the humanities, alongside epistemic insights into how AI systems acquire, process, and apply knowledge differently from humans. To address this challenge, this study presents the design, development, and implementation of three theory-informed activities aimed at fostering epistemic insight and ethical understanding of AI among upper primary school students (ages 10-12). Grounded in

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Keltoum, Belalmi. "SOCIAL BEHAVIOR BETWEEN MORAL VALUES AND THE DOMINANCE OF MATERIALISTIC LIFE." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 12 (2024): e4233. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i12.4233.

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Objectives: The aim of the article is to explore the complexities of ethical behavior in contemporary life, particularly how ethical questions arise when moral decisions are no longer seen as absolute truths. The article seeks to address the challenges individuals face when confronted with moral dilemmas that require thoughtful consideration rather than unquestioned adherence to principles. Methods: The article uses a philosophical and analytical approach to explore the nature of ethical decision-making. It delves into how individuals grapple with questions like "What is right?" and "What shou

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Saud, AL-Otaibi. "THE ETHICAL CULTURE WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 6 (2017): 292–309. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.821014.

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Numerous customers and business owners trust that organizations ought to make a benefit as well as consider the social ramifications of their exercises. It is characterized that social duty as a business' commitment to amplify its positive effect and limit its negative effect on society. The current research study seeks to examine the influence of ethics and ethics in business on the organizational performance through the dimensions of the ethical reasoning process. The research employed the quantitative approach in which a self-structured questionnaire was the main tool of the data gathering.

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Carolina Fátima Gioia Nava, João Guilherme de Souza Ramos, Denis Aguiar de Souza Filho, Lettícya dos Santos Lopes, Mariana Cardoso Silva, and Advisor Paulo Reis Rizzo Esselin de Melo. "Education 4.0 In healthcare: How can artificial intelligence help clinical reasoning?" International Journal of Science and Research Archive 13, no. 2 (2024): 3527–35. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2558.

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Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) can develop software and systems capable of performing functions that normally require human skills. Its integration with the health field brings numerous optimizations to medical practice. However, it is crucial to ensure that AI does not replace the clinical judgment of the professional because, despite promising advances, challenges and ethical issues arise that need to be widely discussed. Objective: To investigate the use of AI to improve clinical reasoning, highlighting advantages, challenges and ethical implications. Methodology: This integrati

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Miao, Jing, Charat Thongprayoon, Supawadee Suppadungsuk, Pajaree Krisanapan, Yeshwanter Radhakrishnan, and Wisit Cheungpasitporn. "Chain of Thought Utilization in Large Language Models and Application in Nephrology." Medicina 60, no. 1 (2024): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010148.

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Chain-of-thought prompting enhances the abilities of large language models (LLMs) significantly. It not only makes these models more specific and context-aware but also impacts the wider field of artificial intelligence (AI). This approach broadens the usability of AI, increases its efficiency, and aligns it more closely with human thinking and decision-making processes. As we improve this method, it is set to become a key element in the future of AI, adding more purpose, precision, and ethical consideration to these technologies. In medicine, the chain-of-thought prompting is especially benef

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Taboada Lugo, Noel. "Ethical considerations in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling." Seminars in Medical Writing and Education 2 (December 23, 2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/mw202338.

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Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis, as the world widest spread reproductive option, refers to fetus health research methods. Fetal life congenital malformation detection and allowing termination of pregnancy are among its main objectives. An ethical approach, based on respect for people and for confidentiality, avoiding hurt and respecting autonomy, is the key towards optimum genetic counseling. Objective: to set out some ethical considerations in medical genetics health care practice starting from bioethics fundamental principles, which are linked to prenatal diagnosis and to the genetic counse

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Rossini, Daniele, Danilo Croce, Sara Mancini, Massimo Pellegrino, and Roberto Basili. "Actionable Ethics through Neural Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (2020): 5537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6005.

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While AI is going to produce a great impact on society, its alignment with human values and expectations is an essential step towards a correct harnessing of AI potentials for good. There is a corresponding growing need for mature and established technical standards to enable the assessment of an AI application as the evaluation of its graded adherence to formalized ethics. This is clearly dependent on methods to inject ethical awareness at all stages of an AI application development and use. For this reason we introduce the notion of Embedding Principles of ethics by Design (EPbD) as a compre

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Tjärnström, Elisabeth, Elin Weber, Jan Hultgren, and Helena Röcklinsberg. "Emotions and Ethical Decision-Making in Animal Ethics Committees." Animals 8, no. 10 (2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8100181.

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Ethical evaluation of projects involving animal testing is mandatory within the EU and other countries. However, the evaluation process has been subject to criticism, e.g., that the committees are not balanced or democratic enough and that the utilitarian weighting of harm and benefit that is normally prescribed is difficult to carry out in practice. In this study, members of Swedish Animal Ethics Committees (AECs) completed a survey aiming to further investigate the decision-making process. We found that researchers and animal laypersons make significantly different ethical judgments, and hol

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Ju, Hyunshik. "Proposal for a Liberal Arts Course on AI and Bioethics : A Narrative Approach." Korean Association of General Education 19, no. 2 (2025): 93–108. https://doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2025.19.2.93.

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This study aims to propose the content and teaching-learning methods for a liberal arts course titled AI and Bioethics, with a focus on the narrative approach. The research addresses two main questions: (1) What topics should be included in the curriculum for an AI and bioethics course? (2) How should the teaching-learning process for AI bioethics be structured?The findings suggest that the course content can be structured into five educational modules: (1) Theoretical foundations of AI bioethics, (2) Ethical issues in AI-based biomedicine, (3) Ethical issues in AI-based biotechnology, (4) The

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Bukar, Umar Ali, Md Shohel Sayeed, Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak, Sumendra Yogarayan, and Radhwan Sneesl. "Prioritizing Ethical Conundrums in the Utilization of ChatGPT in Education through an Analytical Hierarchical Approach." Education Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090959.

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The transformative integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational settings, exemplified by ChatGPT, presents a myriad of ethical considerations that extend beyond conventional risk assessments. This study employs a pioneering framework encapsulating risk, reward, and resilience (RRR) dynamics to explore the ethical landscape of ChatGPT utilization in education. Drawing on an extensive literature review and a robust conceptual framework, the research identifies and categorizes ethical concerns associated with ChatGPT, offering decision-makers a structured approach to navigate this

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Barisic, Dusanka. "EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE OF EXPERT SYSTEMS: A REVIEW." International Journal of Management Trends: Key Concepts and Research 4, no. 1 (2025): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.58898/ijmt.v4i1.58-68.

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Expert systems are computer programs designed to mimic the decision-making of human experts. This paper explores the fundamental components of ES, including knowledge acquisition, representation, and reasoning. Various techniques for acquiring knowledge, such as interviews, observation, and document analysis, are discussed, along with prominent knowledge representation schemes like production rules, semantic networks, frames, and ontologies. The reasoning process, including inference methods and explanation facilities, is also examined. The paper further analyses the challenges and limitations

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Mifsud, Anabel, and Barbara Herlihy. "Ethical Standards for a Post-COVID-19 World." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 44, no. 1 (2022): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.44.1.07.

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The cataclysmic events of 2020 created an urgent need for mental health counseling to help individuals, families, and communities deal with grief, loss, and trauma. The sheer magnitude of the challenges has highlighted the necessity for collective interventions, as the need for help far surpasses what can be met through traditional individual or family counseling. Clinical mental health counselors must be prepared to respond to the new challenges in creative, culturally responsive, and ethical ways. The authors discuss the limitations of the prevailing codes of ethics, which are grounded in pr

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Lloyd, Peter, and Jerry Busby. "“Things that went well — No serious injuries or deaths”: Ethical reasoning in a normal engineering design process." Science and Engineering Ethics 9, no. 4 (2003): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-003-0047-4.

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Kabirian, Maryam, Ehsan S. Gooshki, and Talat Khadivzadeh. "The Process of Professional Ethics Development in Midwifery Students: A Grounded Theory Study." Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 29, no. 3 (2024): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_12_23.

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Abstract Background: Midwives are faced with important ethical issues in their professional lives; therefore, becoming a midwife is not only the acquisition of knowledge and skills but also includes acquiring moral values that cause fundamental changes in their attitudes toward their professional responsibilities. The aim of this study was to explore the process of professional ethics development in midwifery students. Materials and Methods: This grounded theory study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The participants included 17 midwifer

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Pratama, Derry, Naufal Suryanto, Andro Aprila Adiputra, et al. "CIPHER: Cybersecurity Intelligent Penetration-Testing Helper for Ethical Researcher." Sensors 24, no. 21 (2024): 6878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24216878.

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Penetration testing, a critical component of cybersecurity, typically requires extensive time and effort to find vulnerabilities. Beginners in this field often benefit from collaborative approaches with the community or experts. To address this, we develop Cybersecurity Intelligent Penetration-testing Helper for Ethical Researchers (CIPHER), a large language model specifically trained to assist in penetration testing tasks as a chatbot. Unlike software development, penetration testing involves domain-specific knowledge that is not widely documented or easily accessible, necessitating a special

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Ladendorf, Martina. "Freelance Journalists’ Ethical Boundary Settings in Information Work." Nordicom Review 33, no. 1 (2013): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0006.

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Abstract The borders between the media genres journalism and information or PR are blurring, and this development is especially noticeable among freelance journalists. How does this affect freelance journalists, particularly their ethical reasoning? Thirteen interviews with freelancers living in a peripheral northern county in Sweden were analyzed, using a combination of discourse analysis and narrative theory methods and a virtue ethics theoretical framework. It was found that 11 out of 13 informants worked occasionally or regularly with information-type assignments. To sustain the informants

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Davies, Gail. "The Sacred and the Profane: Biotechnology, Rationality, and Public Debate." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 38, no. 3 (2006): 423–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37387.

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This paper explores the forms of argumentation employed by participants in a recent public engagement process in the United Kingdom around new technologies for organ transplantation, with specific reference to xenotransplantation and stem-cell research. Two forms of reasoning recur throughout participants' deliberations which challenge specialist framing of this issue. First, an often scatological humour and sense of the profane are evident in the ways in which participants discuss the bodily transformations that such technologies demand. Second, a sense of the sacred, in which new biotechnolo

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Staines, Dan, Paul Formosa, and Malcolm Ryan. "Morality Play: A Model for Developing Games of Moral Expertise." Games and Culture 14, no. 4 (2017): 410–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412017729596.

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According to cognitive psychologists, moral decision-making is a dual-process phenomenon involving two types of cognitive processes: explicit reasoning and implicit intuition. Moral development involves training and integrating both types of cognitive processes through a mix of instruction, practice, and reflection. Serious games are an ideal platform for this kind of moral training, as they provide safe spaces for exploring difficult moral problems and practicing the skills necessary to resolve them. In this article, we present Morality Play, a model for the design of serious games for ethica

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Han, Sung-Suk, and Sung-Hee Ahn. "An Analysis and Evaluation of Student Nurses’ Participation in Ethical Decision Making." Nursing Ethics 7, no. 2 (2000): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300000700204.

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This study analyses the types and frequencies of ethical dilemmas and the rationale of ethical decision making in student nurses; it also evaluates their decision making. One hundred senior student nurses who were enrolled in a two-credit course in nursing ethics were asked to provide an informal description of a dilemma that they had experienced during their clinical practice. The results were as follows. The ethical dilemmas identified fell into four categories and were of 27 types. Those most frequently experienced were ‘family giving up on a patient because he or she could not be cured’, a

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Dobrijevic, Aleksandar. ""Critique of intuitive reason"." Filozofija i drustvo, no. 26 (2005): 179–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0526179d.

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The author displays and reexamines Hare?s "two-level theory" of normative moral thinking ("intuitive" level and "critical" level), including goals that are intended by its establishing. Given Hare?s holism, the met ethical level, considered as fundamental or the "third" level, has notable effect on process of normative reasoning, especially if it is taken as one of the determinant of the critical moral thin king. Central part of the analysis is examination of utilitarian character of the theory.

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