Artykuły w czasopismach: „Eurokódy”

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Dobbie, Andrew. "Targeting the Eurokid". International Journal of Advertising and Marketing to Children 1, nr 4 (styczeń 2000): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027623.

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Stone, Norman. "Eurokid and Colonel Blimp". Index on Censorship 30, nr 2 (marzec 2001): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220108536901.

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Pauličková, Alena. "BARÁNY, E. Pojmy dobrého práva. Bratislava: Eurokódex". Acta academica karviniensia 11, nr 3 (30.09.2011): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/aak.2011.062.

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Zembaty, Zbigniew. "Projektowanie budowli wg Eurokodu 8 na terenach górniczych LGOM". MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, nr 6 (5.06.2015): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/33.2015.06.15.

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Brząkała, Włodzimierz. "Eurokod 7 jako element w systemie bezpieczeństwa budowli". ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo 17, nr 3 (28.09.2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2018.17.3.24.

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Kozicka, Ewa, Ewa Kukawska i Klaudia Rabczak. "Fasady aluminiowe w Eurokodzie 9". BUILDER 263, nr 6 (27.05.2019): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2039.

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Elementy aluminiowe są coraz częściej wykorzystywane przy wykonywaniu fasad budynków. W artykule przybliżono tematykę ich obliczania na podstawie Eurokodu 9, wymieniono elementy wchodzące w skład elewacji oraz omówiono zasady wymiarowania tego rodzaju konstrukcji metalowych wraz z uwzględnieniem zjawisk niestateczności elementów aluminiowych według obowiązujących norm europejskich. Zwrócono również uwagę na problem braku dostatecznych informacji oraz szczegółowych wymagań w świetle obowiązującej normy PN-EN 1999 w odniesieniu do aluminiowych elementów cienkościennych, w tym sprawdzania ich stateczności miejscowej.

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Baran, Wiesław. "Calculation possibilities and Eurokod 3 requirements used to calculate internal forces in shell structures". Budownictwo i Architektura 13, nr 2 (11.06.2014): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1889.

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This work presents various types of calculation analysis for shell designing, recommended by Eurokod 3. Analytical solutions for shell groups enabling calculating internal forces for any load are presented. The influence of nonlinear units in geometrical connections on calculation results was analyzed . Necessity of proper researcher preparation to build numerical models of shells and necessity to verify them by analytical models was underlined.

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Jensen, Bjarne Christian, i Andrzej Lapko. "ON SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE BEAMS ON THE BASIS OF THEORY OF PLASTICITY". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 15, nr 4 (31.12.2009): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-3730.2009.15.395-403.

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Modern design of reinforced concrete structural members for shear is based on the theory of plasticity. This paper is written to contribute to the understanding of the inclination of the concrete strut in the inclined strut model for design of shear reinforcement in beams, which among others are used in Eurocode 2. The problem of inclination of the compression strut in truss model is analysed depending on shear reinforcement ratio and effectiveness ratio of concrete strength for compression. Also the understanding of necessary ductility in steel reinforcing bars is discussed in the paper and especially the needs of tests on translation capacity of the shear failure are here analysed. To explain these problems the paper gives a short introduction to the theory of plasticity of reinforced concrete in shear and the background for the equations, which are used in shear design according to Eurocode 2. Santrauka Šiuolaikinis gelžbetonio elementų skersinės armatūros skaičiavimas pagrįstas plastiškumo teorijos principais. Straipsnyje pateikti sijų skersinės armatūros skaičiavimo ypatumai, taikant įstrižojo statramsčio modelį, kuris taikomas ir Eurokode 2. Išnagrinėtas gniuždomojo strypo pavertimas santvaros modelyje, atsižvelgiant į skersinės armatūros ir efektyvaus gniuždomojo betono stiprio santykį. Aptartas armatūrinio plieno strypų stamantrumas, akcentuota sijų laikomosios galios šlyčiai eksperimentinių tyrimų būtinybė. Pateiktas gelžbetoninių sijų šlyties skaičiavimas, taikant plastiškumo teorijos principus. Aptartas Eurokode 2 šlyties skaičiavimams taikomų priklausomybių teorinis pagrindas.

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Ortyl, Łukasz. "Metody pomiaru częstotliwości drgań własnych i logarytmicznego dekrementu tłumienia kominów stalowych w sytuacjach wymaganych przez Eurokody". MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, nr 9 (5.09.2015): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/33.2015.09.42.

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Lee, Hyeon Ah, Jung Yoon Suk, Sung Youn Choi, Eun Ran Kim, Young-Ho Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Kyu Chan Huh, Kang Moon Lee i Dong Il Park. "Characteristics of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korea: Comparison with EUROKIDS Data". Gut and Liver 9, nr 6 (23.11.2015): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.5009/gnl14338.

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Bučmys, Žilvinas, i Rimtautas Dališanskis. "MODELLING COLUMN BASES OF SEMI-RIGID STEEL FRAMES: STIFFNESS AND STRENGTH CALCULATION / PUSIAU STANDŽIŲ PLIENINIŲ RĖMŲ PĖDŲ MODELIAVIMAS, STANDŽIO IR STIPRIO NUSTATYMAS". Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 4, nr 4 (28.11.2012): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2012.47.

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The paper examines the models and stiffness efficiency of the column base of semi-rigid steel frames, reviews stiffness calculation methods and calculates the rotation of column base connection in two ways: analytical, according to LST EN 1993-1-8, and finite element, applying nonlinear analysis. Two groups of modelling have been made: the first group deals with changes in the thickness of the base plate; the second one shows a different diameter of the anchor bolt. The obtained results reveal the influence of the base plate and anchor bolt on the stiffness of column base connection. The article discusses differences in the euro code and linear analysis: minimum difference makes 61,6% and maximum – 73,7%. For calculating the strength of the column base, a conservative model has been employed, i.e. according to the Eurocode, the received values are smaller compared to nonlinear analysis: minimum difference makes 37,0% and maximum – 49,0%. Santrauka Nagrinėjamas pusiau standžių plieninių rėmų pėdų modeliavimas ir standumo nustatymo efektyvumas. Apžvelgti kolonos pėdų standumo nustatymo metodai. Apskaičiuotas kolonos pėdos pasisukimas dviem būdais: pagal analitines išraiškas, kurios pateiktos LST EN 1993-1-8 dalyje, ir baigtinių elementų programą „Solid Works“ taikant netiesinę analizę. Sumodeliuotos dvi grupės: pirmojoje keičiamas pėdos pamatinės plokštės storis, o kitoje – inkarinio varžto skersmuo. Rezultatai rodo kolonos pėdos komponentų inkarinio varžto ir pamatinės plokštės įtaką bazės kampiniam posūkiui. Iš gautų rezultatų matyti, kad pagal Eurokodą ir netiesinę analizę kampiniai posūkiai skiriasi. Mažiausias skirtumas yra 61,6 %, o didžiausias – 73,7 %. Atliekant pėdos stiprumo skaičiavimus taikomas konservatyvus modelis – skaičiuojant pagal Eurokodą 3 gautos mažesnės reikšmės negu taikant netiesinę analizę. Mažiausias skirtumas yra 37,0 %, o didžiausias – 49,0 %.

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Lechman, Marek. "Diagnostyka żelbetowej wieży antenowej o wysokości 60 m". BUILDER 273, nr 4 (24.03.2020): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9710.

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Przedmiotem artykułu jest wieża antenowa o wysokości 60 m zaprojektowana w konstrukcji żelbetowej prefabrykowanej, składająca się z 5 segmentów rurowych wykonanych w technologii betonu wirowanego. Połączenia segmentów zaprojektowano w postaci specjalnych łączników, składających się z płyt stalowych skręcanych na śruby. W trakcie eksploatacji żelbetowy trzon wieży uległ zarysowaniom i spękaniom o różnym charakterze, co stanowiło bezpośredni asumpt do zbadania przyczyn ich powstania oraz określenia sposobu naprawy. Celowi temu służyły przeprowadzone badania diagnostyczne oraz obliczenia statyczno-wytrzymałościowe konstrukcji wieży, z uwzględnieniem oddziaływania wiatru według Eurokodu 1. oraz nieliniowości fizycznej betonu i stali zbrojeniowej. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników określono stan techniczny wieży oraz podano sposoby wyeliminowania występujących uszkodzeń i nieprawidłowości.

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Bogusz, Witold. "Obiekty budownictwa energetycznego w świetle nadchodzących Eurokodów drugiej generacji". BUILDER 273, nr 4 (24.03.2020): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8792.

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Budownictwo w sektorze energetycznym często związane jest ze znacznie większymi potencjalnymi konsekwencjami zniszczenia i potrzebą zachowania użytkowalności obiektów. Wynika to z potrzeby zapewnienia niezawodności systemu, a nie tylko jego poszczególnych elementów. W tym kontekście przedstawiono i omówiono nadchodzące zmiany w drugiej generacji europejskich norm dotyczących projektowania konstrukcji (Eurokodów). Najważniejsza ze zmian, wprowadzenie zróżnicowania poziomu niezawodności, została omówiona w kontekście jej wpływu na projektowanie z wykorzystaniem współczynników częściowych i zaproponowanego systemu zarządzania jakością. Na koniec omówiono niektóre ze zmian w normie Eurokod 7 Projektowanie geotechniczne, gdyż ta norma została poddana największym modyfikacjom.

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Sobala, Dariusz. "Methods of calculating geotechnical capacity of compressed piles – calculation procedures and examples according to eurocode 7". Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture XXXI, nr 61 (1/14) (2014): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rb.2014.20.

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Straż, Grzegorz. "Identyfikacja, oznaczanie oraz metody klasyfikowania gruntów organicznych w aspekcie Eurokodu 7 i norm związanych". Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, nr 2 (22.07.2018): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.2.22.

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This paper draw attention to problems connected with recognize, classification, nomenclature and researches of organic soils according to Eurocode 7 and connected standards. Gather and put together current standard recommendation in the subject matter. Related to another guidelines and point on necessity to specify and supplement the recommendations.

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Park, D. I., S. Y. Choi, E. R. Kim, Y. H. Kim, C. K. Lee, K. C. Huh i K. M. Lee. "P592 The characteristics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: comparison to EUROKIDS data". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 8 (luty 2014): S315—S316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1873-9946(14)60712-1.

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De Bie, C., A. Levine, D. Turner, S. Cucchiara, M. Sladek, S. Murphy i J. Escher. "P083 Atypical disease phenotypes in paediatric ulcerative colitis: 5-year analyses of the EUROKIDS registry". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 6 (luty 2012): S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1873-9946(12)60103-2.

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Blaževičius, Gediminas, i Juozas Atkočiūnas. "EUROCODE STABILITY REQUIREMENTS IN OPTIMAL SHAKEDOWN TRUSS DESIGN / OPTIMALIOS PRISITAIKANČIOS SANTVAROS PROJEKTAVIMAS TAIKANT EUROKODO REIKALAVIMUS". Engineering Structures and Technologies 6, nr 1 (29.09.2014): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2014.957901.

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The paper focuses on the optimization of a perfectly elastic-plastic truss under repeated variable load. The improved mathematical model of truss volume minimization problem with strength, stiffness and stability constraints is presented. The assumptions of the calculation methods of the truss-like structures and the shakedown theory are applied. The evaluation of the stability of elements under compression is based on EC3 requirements and related to plastic deformations in the shakedown process to correct the interpretation of the stability constraints in mathematical programming problems. In the optimization problem, truss displacements are evaluated according to different reliability levels of the ultimate and serviceability limit states of EC. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a numerical example. The results are valid for the assumption of small displacements. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas idealiai tamprios ir plastinės santvaros, veikiamos kintamosios kartotinės apkrovos, optimizavimas. Taikomos santvarinių konstrukcijų skaičiavimo techninės ir prisitaikymo teorijos prielaidos. Sudarytas pagerintas santvaros tūrio minimizavimo uždavinio matematinis modelis su stiprumo, standumo ir stabilumo apribojimais. Konstrukcijos gniuždomųjų elementų galimas stabilumo praradimas tikrinamas pagal Europos projektavimo normų (EN) reikalavimus, siejamus su prisitaikymo proceso plastinėmis deformacijomis. Straipsnyje pateikiamos naujos sąlygos, papildančios optimizavimo uždavinį ir patikslinančios stabilumo apribojimų interpretaciją prisitaikymo procese. Skirtingai nei tempiamųjų, gniuždomųjų strypų plastinės deformacijos (viršijus saugos ribinį būvį, t. y. išklupus) neapibrėžtos EN ir nėra vertinamos. Tad klasikinės matematinio programavimo griežtumo sąlygos yra nepakankamos idealiai tamprios plastinės santvaros prisitaikymui užtikrinti. Šis netikslumas pašalinamas pritaikius naują sąlygą, užtikrinančią, kad nenuliniai plastiniai daugikliai gali atsirasti tik dėl tempiamųjų strypų arba gniuždomųjų labai tvirtų (mažo sąlyginio liaunio) strypų takumo įtempių. Santvaros įlinkiai tūrio minimizavimo uždaviniuose ribojami atsižvelgiant į EN saugos ir tinkamumo ribinių būvių patikimumo lygmenis. Straipsnyje pristatoma metodika, kurioje liekamoji poslinkio dalis gaunama iš prisitaikymo proceso, taigi yra nulemta saugos ribinio būvio ir sąlygiškai aukštesnio patikimumo. Tariamai tamprioji poslinkio dalis skaičiuojama pagal Huko dėsnį ir yra formuojama tinkamumo ribinio būvio. Toks dviejų patikimumo lygių taikymas pagrįstas EN reikalavimais ir leidžia projektuoti ekonomiškesnę konstrukciją, palyginti su ankstesnių tyrėjų pasiūlytais modeliais. Metodika iliustruojama skaitiniu pavyzdžiu, taikant mažų poslinkių prielaidą.

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Jabłońska-Krysiewicz, Agnieszka. "Ocena nośności stalowych węzłów z rur prostokątnych w świetle Eurokodu 3 i analiz metodą elementów skończonych". MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, nr 10 (5.10.2017): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/33.2017.10.08.

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Wolny, Stanisław. "Emergency Braking of a Mine Hoist in the Context of the Braking System Selection". Archives of Mining Sciences 62, nr 1 (1.03.2017): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2017-0004.

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Abstract The paper addresses the selected aspects of the dynamic behaviour of mine hoists during the emergency braking phase. Basing on the model of the hoist and supported by theoretical backgrounds provided by the author (Wolny, 2016), analytical formulas are derived to determine the parameters of the braking system such that during an emergency braking it should guarantee that: –the maximal loading of the hoisting ropes should not exceed the rope breaking force, –deceleration of the conveyances being stopped should not exceed the admissible levels Results of the dynamic analysis of the mine hoist behaviour during an emergency braking phase summarised in this study can be utilised to support the design of conveyance and rope attachments by the fatigue endurance methods, with an aim to adapt it to the specified operational parameters of the hoisting installation (Eurokod 3).

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Gaine, Chris, Camilla Ha‐llgren, Servando Peérez Domiénguez, Joana Salazar Noguera i Gaby Weiner. ""Eurokid": An innovative pedagogical approach to developing intercultural and anti-racist education on the Web". Intercultural Education 14, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1467598032000117105.

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Kuranovas, Artiomas, Douglas Goode, Audronis Kazimieras Kvedaras i Shantong Zhong. "LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL COLUMNS". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 15, nr 1 (31.03.2009): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-3730.2009.15.21-33.

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This paper represents the analysis of 1303 specimens of CFST experimental data. Test results are compared with EC4 provided method for determining the load‐bearing capacity of these composite elements. Several types of CFSTs were tested: both circular and rectangular cross‐sections with solid and hollow concrete core with axial load applied without and with moment, with sustained load and preloading. For circular cross‐section columns there is a good agreement between the test failure load and the EC4 calculation for both short and long columns with and without moment. For rectangular cross‐section columns the agreement is good except when the concrete cylinder strength was greater than 75 MPa, when many tests failed below the strength predicted by EC4. Preloading the steel tube before filling with concrete seems to have no effect on the strength. This paper also presents the stress distribution, confinement distribution and complete average longitudinal stress‐strain curves for concrete‐filled steel tubular elements. Based on the definition of the “Unified Theory”, the CFST is looked upon as an entity of a new composite material. In this paper, the research achievement of the strength and stability for centrifugal‐hollow and solid concrete filled steel tube are introduced. These behaviours relate to the hollowness ratio and the confining indexes of corresponding solid CFST. If the hollow ratio equals to 0,4–0,5 and over, the N‐ϵ relationship exists in steady descending stage. The critical stress of CFST elements stability is determined as an eccentric member with the initial eccentricity by use of finite element method. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojami 1303 betonšerdžių plieninių strypų bandinių eksperimentiniai duomenys. Duomenys lyginami su eurokode 4 pateiktais kompozitinių elementų laikomosios galios nustatymo metodais. Analizuojami šie betonšerdžių plieninių strypų bandinių tipai: pilnaviduriai ir tuščiaviduriai, apskrito ir stačiakampio skerspjūvio kolonos, kurių galuose veikia arba neveikia momentas, su iš anksto pridėta arba ilgalaike apkrova. Apskrito skerspjūvio kolonų laikomosios galios bandymų rezultatai atitinka skaičiavimų reikšmes, apskaičiuotas pagal eurokode 4 pateiktu metodu. Stačiakampio skerspjūvio elementų laikomosios galios reikšmių bandymo rezultatai puikiai atitinka teorines reikšmes, kai betono ritininis stipris nesiekia 75 MPa. Išankstinis elementų apkrovimas poveikio elementų laikomajai galiai beveik neturi. Taip pat nagrinėjami betonšerdžių elementų įtempių būvių pasiskirstymas, betono apspaudimo poveikis ir išilginių deformacijų ir įtempių kreivės. Pateikiama S. T. Zhong „Unifikuota teorija“, kuri nagrinėja kompozitinį elementą kaip visumą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos kompozitinio plieninio ir betoninio elemento stiprumo ir pastovumo sąlygos. Tokių elementų reikšmėmis. Jeigu tuštumos santykis lygus 0,4–0,5 ir daugiau, N-ε sąryšis yra kritimo stadijoje. Elgsenos stadijos keičiasi pagal tuštumos koeficientą.

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Kang, B., J. E. Kim, S. Kim, M. J. Kim, Y. M. Lee, J. H. Lee, J. H. Lee i in. "P730 Disease phenotype of Korean paediatric Crohn's disease patients at diagnosis: a multicentre retrospective comparative study with EUROKIDS". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 11, suppl_1 (26.01.2017): S454—S455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx002.854.

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Winter, Dwight A., Katarzyna Karolewska-Bochenek, Izabella Lazowska-Przeorek, Paolo Lionetti, M. Luisa Mearin, Sonny K. Chong, Eleftheria Roma-Giannikou i in. "Pediatric IBD-unclassified Is Less Common than Previously Reported; Results of an 8-Year Audit of the EUROKIDS Registry". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 21, nr 9 (wrzesień 2015): 2145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mib.0000000000000483.

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Winter, D. A. "P-031: Comparing prospective, multicenter registries on pediatric IBD from different continents; results from the Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Group Registry and the EUROKIDS registry". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 8 (wrzesień 2014): S404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1873-9946(14)50041-4.

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Arai, Katsuhiro, Reiko Kunisaki, Fumihiko Kakuta, Shin-ichiro Hagiwara, Takatsugu Murakoshi, Tadahiro Yanagi, Toshiaki Shimizu i in. "Phenotypic characteristics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: results from a multicenter registry". Intestinal Research 18, nr 4 (31.10.2020): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.00130.

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Background/Aims: There are few published registry studies from Asia on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Registry network data enable comparisons among ethnic groups. This study examined the characteristics of IBD in Japanese children and compared them with those in European children.Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter registry study of newly diagnosed Japanese pediatric IBD patients. The Paris classification was used to categorize IBD features, and results were compared with published EUROKIDS data.Results: A total of 265 pediatric IBD patients were initially registered, with 22 later excluded for having incomplete demographic data. For the analysis, 91 Crohn’s disease (CD), 146 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 6 IBD-unclassified cases were eligible. For age at diagnosis, 20.9% of CD, 21.9% of UC, and 83.3% of IBD-unclassified cases were diagnosed before age 10 years. For CD location, 18.7%, 13.2%, 64.8%, 47.3%, and 20.9% were classified as involving L1 (ileocecum), L2 (colon), L3 (ileocolon), L4a (esophagus/stomach/duodenum), and L4b (jejunum/proximal ileum), respectively. For UC extent, 76% were classified as E4 (pancolitis). For CD behavior, B1 (non-stricturing/non-penetrating), B2 (stricturing), B3 (penetrating), and B2B3 were seen in 83.5%, 11.0%, 3.3%, and 2.2%, respectively. A comparison between Japanese and European children showed less L2 involvement (13.2% vs. 27.3%, P< 0.01) but more L4a (47.3% vs. 29.6%, P< 0.01) and L3 (64.8% vs. 52.7%, P< 0.05) involvement in Japanese CD children. Pediatric perianal CD was more prevalent in Japanese children (34.1% vs. 9.7%, P< 0.01).Conclusions: Upper gastrointestinal and perianal CD lesions are more common in Japanese children than in European children.

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LERCHOVA, T., O. Hradsky, M. Kulich, G. Veres, J. A. Dias, M. Sladek, S. Kolacek i in. "P365 Identification of predictive factors of AZA/6-MP treatment outcome in paediatric luminal Crohn’s disease: a multicentre study of the paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (styczeń 2020): S346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.494.

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Abstract Background According to current guidelines, most paediatric patients in Europe diagnosed with Crohn′s disease (CD) are prescribed long-term immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine (AZA). This study aimed to develop a predictive model allowing to stratify patients who will not benefit from AZA maintenance treatment and who require a more intensive therapeutic approach early after diagnosis. Methods The study was designed to develop a clinical prediction rule using retrospective data analysis from patients included to prospective inception cohort, the EUROKIDS-IBD until 2017. In total, 1190 CD patients using AZA were selected from the registry in 13 European centres. Of these, 441 patients who responded to induction treatment, started AZA treatment within 6 weeks from the time of diagnosis and maintained remission at week 12 were entered into this multicentre study. The primary outcome was time to clinical relapse defined as a necessity of re-induction of remission. A sequence of Cox models was fitted to predict the risk of relapse. Variables appearing to be significant in univariate risk analyses were added to the model one by one and non-significant terms were dropped. Results More than 50 % of patients did not experience a clinical relapse within 2 years of AZA treatment (Figure 1). The median time to relapse was 2.11 (CI 1.59–2.46) years. Out of all tested parameters available at the time of diagnosis,8 were predictive in the context of early relapse. Only 4 of these variables, namely centre (p = 0.0009), age (HR = 1.389 95% CI (1.004–1.921), p = 0.047), CRP (HR = 1.504 95% CI (1.116–2.027), p = 0.008) and BMI Z-score (HR = 0.830 95% CI (0.742–0.928), p = 0.001), remained significant in multivariate analyses. Conclusion In paediatric CD patients achieving clinical remission after induction treatment at week 12, AZA was effective as maintenance treatment in over 50% of patients for 2 years. Due to low values of HR, the possibility to predict relapse on AZA treatment appears to be limited. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Grant Agency of Charles University in Prague [grant number 364617] and by Ministry of Health, Czech Republic-conceptual development of research organisation, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic [00064203].

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Ho, Johnny Ching-Ming, i Kevin Jian-Hui Zhou. "LIMITED DEFORMABILITY DESIGN OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE BEAMS IN LOW TO MODERATE SEISMICITY REGIONS / STIPRIOJO BETONO SIJŲ RIBINIO DEFORMATYVUMO SKAIČIAVIMAS ŽEMO IR VIDUTINIO SEISMINGUMO REGIONUOSE". Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 17, nr 3 (20.09.2011): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.594219.

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In the design of reinforced concrete (RC) beams located in low-moderate seismicity regions, adequate flexural deformability apart from flexural strength to cater for the imposed seismic demand should be designed. As per the existing RC design codes, this is achieved by restricting the maximum neutral axis depth or tension steel ratio, or limiting the minimum confining steel. However, these deemed-to-satisfy rules were derived many years ago based on normal-strength concrete and steel, which would impair the deformability when applied directly to RC beams made of high-strength materials. To resolve the problem, a new design method based on a prescribed deformability is advocated. In this study, the authors proposed that instead of complying with the deemed-to-satisfy rules, a consistent deformability derived based on the design requirements of Eurocode 2 should be provided to all RC beams located in low-moderate seismicity regions. Using the theoretical formulas developed previously by the authors, two different sets of design values expressed in terms of maximum tension steel ratio and neutral axis to beam effective depths for different concrete and steel yield strengths are evaluated. Finally, simplified guidelines for designing RC beams satisfying the proposed deformability requirement are developed for practical design application. Santrauka Mažo ir vidutinio seismingumo regionuose projektuojant seisminių apkrovų veikiamas gelžbetonines sijas turi būti užtikrinta ne tik jų laikomoji galia, bet ir tinkamas deformatyvumas. Pagal šiuo metu galiojančias gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų projektavimo normas tai pasiekiama ribojant didžiausiąjį skerspjūvio aukštį, tempiamosios zonos armavimo procentą arba ribojant mažiausią armatūros kiekį. Tačiau šios konstravimo taisyklės buvo sukurtos prieš daugelį metų ir skirtos elementams iš normalaus stiprio betono ir armatūros. Jas tiesiogiai taikant gelžbetoninėms sijoms, pagamintoms iš stipriųjų medžiagų, gaunamas sumažintos deformacijos. Šiais problemai spręsti siūlomas naujas projektavimo metodas, paremtas nustatytu deformatyvumu. Autoriai siūlo mažo ir vidutinio seismingumo regionuose visas gelžbetonines sijas projektuoti pasirenkant deformacijas pagal ”Eurokode 2“ pateiktus deformatyvumo reikalavimus. Pagal anksčiau autorių gautas teorines formules skirtingiems betono ir plieno stipriams pateiktos dvi atskiros skaičiuojamųjų rodiklių grupės išreikštos maksimaliu tempiamosios zonos armavimo koeficientu ir efektyviuoju sijos skerspjūvio aukščiu. Praktiniam taikymui sukurtos supaprastintos gelžbetoninių sijų projektavimo rekomendacijos, atitinkančios deformatyvumo reikalavimus.

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Šapalas, Vaidotas, i Gintas Šaučiuvėnas. "THE STABILITY OF BUILT-UP AXIAL LOADED COLUMN IN LIGHT OF STR AND EC3". Engineering Structures and Technologies 3, nr 4 (31.12.2011): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2011.17.

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Straipsnyje pateikta plieninių spragotinio skerspjūvio kolonų laikomųjų galių, apskaičiuotų vadovaujantis Lietuvoje galiojančių plieninių konstrukcijų projektavimo normų STR 2.05.08:2005 ir Eurokodo 3 nuostatomis, lyginamoji analizė. Skaičiavimai buvo atliekami vienodomis pradinėmis sąlygomis, tik naudoti skirtingi skaičiavimo metodai. Kai kuriais atvejais gautieji rezultatai yra labai prieštaringi ir reikalingi išsamesnės analizės ar eksperimentinių tyrimų. The paper presents the analysis of built-up laced axially loaded steel columns in light of Eurocode 3 and Lithuanian design code STR 2.05.08:2005. The theoretical part analyzes two design methods. Some cases indicate principal differences. According to STR, axial forces are equally divided into two parts for both chords. However, in Eurocode 3, axial force (formula 8) for one chord increases due to the additional bending moment (Formula 6) that depends on the shear stiffness of lacings (Formula 5). For very slender columns, the axial force of one chord, considering Eurocode 3, is 2.7 times bigger than that taking into account the STR method. Another big difference between the methods is that according to Eurocode 3 it is not necessary to check the overall stability of the built-up member round the z-z axis (only checking the stability of one chord round the z1-z1 axis is obligatory). Both methods require checking the stability of one chord round the y-y axis. In two cases, calculations referred to the same initial data (Table 1, 2) applying different design codes. The obtained results are presented in the diagrams. The first case shows that column slenderness in both planes equals λy = λz. The axially loaded column calculated with reference to the STR method has bigger bearing capacity reserve than that calculated considering the Eurocode 3 method. In this case, the stability of one chord round the y-y axis (Fig. 3) is the most dangerous. This example illustrates that the stability condition of the axially loaded column according to Eurocode 3 is not satisfied; thus, a necessity of increasing the column cross-section arises. The main reason for the latter situation is a different method used for calculating the axial force of one chord. This difference is greater for more slender columns. In the second case - column slenderness makes λy = λz/2. When slenderness is λz ≤ 100, the axially loaded column calculated according to the STR method has similar results compared to the Eurocode 3 method (Fig. 10). The most dangerous according to STR is the stability of the entire column round the z-z axis (Fig. 8), whereas in accordance with Eurocode 3 it appears to be the stability of one chord round the y-y axis (Fig. 9). In such a case, the stability condition of the axially loaded column according to Eurocode 3 has more reserve only when slenderness is λz > 100 (Fig. 10). Therefore, calculation according to Eurocode 3 is less safe if compared to the STR method. The main reason is that Eurocode 3 does not require checking the entire column stability round the z-z axis. Hence, for calculating slender columns according to Eurocode 3, some cases (λz > 100) are not very safe, which was also noticed in the numerical investigations provided by other authors Kalochairetis (2011). In some cases, results are controversial, and therefore it is necessary to perform additional analysis or experimental investigation.

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Urbonas, Kęstutis, i Alfonsas Daniūnas. "INFULENCE OF THE COLLUMN WEB PANEL BEHAVIOUR TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINT / KOLONOS SIENELĖS ELGSENOS POVEIKIS SIJOS-KOLONOS MAZGO LENKIAMOSIOS GALIOS IR STANDŽIO RODIKLIAMS". Engineering Structures and Technologies 4, nr 4 (7.01.2013): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2012.753682.

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The paper reviews the importance of the evaluation of actual Joints’ behavior during the designing and manufacturing of frame constructions. In this paper an overview of methods for evaluation of Joints’ characteristics is presented. The component method, used in Eurocode 3 is introduced in more detail. In addition, a Short overview of beam-to-columns joints’ components is made. Beam-to-column joint can be split into two components: the web panel and the connection zone. In most cases, the column web panel is a highly significant part that affects joint's characteristics. Internal forces of the joint can deform the column web panel and dismantle it. Therefore, the column web panel can not only affect the initial rotational stiffness of the joint, but also the design moment resistance. The article presents the results of the three types of joints’ calculations that illustrate the influence of the behavior of the column web panel for the joint characteristics. Calculations were performed with same cross-sections and steel grade of the elements. The difference is that one joint's column web panel was stiffened, while the other one was not. Welded beam-to-column joint (case 1) with transverse stiffeners becomes more rigid, because after using the stiffeners, no components that could be deformed remain. When the web panel was only stiffened with transverse stiffeners, the design's moment resistance increased by 28%, when diagonal stiffeners were added, design's moment resistance increased by 64%. If the weakest component of the joint is the column web panel in shear, compression or tension, design resistance of these components can be increased using stiffeners. Then the design moment resistance of the joint increases as well. In the performed calculations (cases 1, 2 and 3), the transverse stiffeners increased the design moment resistance by 28, 30 and 13% respectively, while the use of transverse and diagonal stiffeners together increased the design moment resistance by 64, 67 and 16% respectively. When components of connection area are sufficiently rigid (case 2; bolts M24; end-plate thickness is 20mm; two rows of bolts are in tension), using column web stiffeners causes the beam-to-column joint to become rigid. In this case, the use of transverse stiffeners increased initial torsional stiffness by 330%. In case 3, when the connection components were relatively rigid (bolt M24; end-plate thickness is 20 mm), using stiffeners the initial rotational stiffness has increased by 153%, but due to its geometry the joint is not stiff enough to satisfy the requirements for a rigid joint with it's behavior. In addition, the transverse and diagonal stiffeners for joints in cases 2 and 3 were no longer increasing the initial rotational stiffness. When components of connection area are more flexible (cases 2 and 3; Bots are M16 and the end-plate thickness is 10 mm), using stiffeners can increase the initial rotational stiffness of the joint 2–3 times, but the joint won't be stiff enough to be considered rigid. Santrauka Straipsnyje apžvelgta tikrosios mazgų elgsenos įvertinimo svarba projektuojant ir gaminant plienines rėmines konstrukcijas, nagrinėjami mazgų rodiklių nustatymo metodai, plačiau pristatytas Eurokode 3 taikomas komponentų metodas ir aptarti sijos-kolonos mazgų komponentai. Ypatingas dėmesys skirtas vienam mazgo komponentui – kolonos sienelei. Tirta kolonos sienelės elgsenos svarba ir poveikis viso mazgo rodikliams. Aptartos įvairios konstrukcinės galimybės kolonos sienelei sustandinti. Pateikti kolonos sienelės poveikį mazgo standžiui ir lenkiamajai galiai iliustruojantys skaičiavimo rezultatai. Skaičiuota nesustandinus kolonos sienelės ir ją sustandinus. Gautieji rezultatai patvirtina lauktą rezultatą, kad sienelė – labai svarbus mazgo komponentas, o nuo jos elgsenos gali priklausyti mazgo sukamasis standis ir laikomoji galia. Kolonos sienelės plokštę sustandinus, visais skaičiuotais atvejais mazgo standis ir lenkiamoji galia padidėjo.

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Joketović, Mario, Ivan Radić i Damir Markulak. "PRORAČUN KRANSKIH NOSAČA PREMA EUROKOD NORMAMA". Elektronički časopis građevinskog fakulteta Osijek, maj 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2011.2.6.

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Kim, Eun Sil, Yiyoung Kwon, Yon Ho Choe i Mi Jin Kim. "Upper gastrointestinal tract involvement is more prevalent in Korean patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease than in European patients". Scientific Reports 10, nr 1 (4.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75938-1.

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Abstract In pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, it is important to define the disease phenotype at diagnosis for stratifying risk. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the disease phenotype compared to EUROKIDS registry and analyze disease outcome of pediatric CD patients according to upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement. A total of 312 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 13.7 years and 232 patients (74.4%) were identified to have upper GI involvement at diagnosis. In Korean pediatric CD patients, there were significant differences in male predominance (72.8% vs. 59.2, p < 0.001), proportion of upper GI involvement (74.4% vs. 46.2%, p < 0.001), and perianal disease (62.1% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001) compared to data in the EUROKIDS registry. Younger age (OR 2.594, p = 0.0139) and ileal involvement (OR 2.293, p = 0.0176) at diagnosis were associated with upper GI involvement. There were no significant differences in disease outcomes between patients with and without upper GI tract involvement. This study revealed that upper GI involvement is more prevalent in Korean patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease than in European patients, and the disease outcome did not appear to differ according to upper GI tract involvement.

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Knežević, Iva, Milijana Mikolin i Damir Markulak. "PRORAČUN PRIKLJUČAKA U REŠETKASTIM ČELIČNIM NOSAČIMA PREMA EUROKOD NORMAMA". Elektronički časopis građevinskog fakulteta Osijek, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2010.1.1.

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Wichtowski, Bernard. "Obliczenia złączy spawanych poddanych obciążeniom statycznym i zmęczeniowym według Eurokodu 3". Przegląd Spawalnictwa - Welding Technology Review 83, nr 1 (10.01.2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.26628/ps.v83i1.334.

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GOŁDYN, Michał, i Tadeusz URBAN. "KOMENTARZ DO ZASAD OBLICZANIA PŁYT NA PRZEBICIE W STREFIE SŁUPÓW NAROŻNYCH WEDŁUG EUROKODU 2". Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rb.2017.118.

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"Proposal of response spectra in the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1 for seismic areas and comparison with the existing standard EN 1998-1: 2004". Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 72, nr 10 (październik 2020): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.2838.2019.

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Fundamental changes of the existing standard EN 1998-1, with incorporation of latest research results, are proposed in the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1. A spectrum of earthquake loads, defined by several points established in a probabilistic manner, is presented and commented on. In addition, the new EN 1998-1-1: a) introduces 12 return periods for earthquakes (instead of the previous two periods), b) cancels previous elastic spectra Type 1 and Type 2, c) introduces a new moment magnitude Mw instead of the surface magnitude Ms, d) introduces four limit states instead of the previous two NCR and DLR, etc.

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