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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Export Control Act of 1949"

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SAYER, KAREN. "The ‘modern’ management of rats: British agricultural science in farm and field during the twentieth century." BJHS Themes 2 (2017): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2017.7.

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AbstractDuring the period from 1919 to 1970, rat killing was ‘modernized’: official, scientific, commercial, agricultural and county advisers sought ‘rat control’. Scientific expertise on rat parasites and rat control circulated internationally. The risks posed to human health through plague, as traced by researchers who were already expert on the third pandemic, led in the UK to the Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act 1919; and the United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, at Hot Springs, Virginia, USA, 1943 informed its replacement, the Prevention of Damage by Pests Act 1949. Anticoagul
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Davydov, Andrey. "Russia Containment Policy: Economic Aspects." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 11 (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207054760033205-2.

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This article covers key theoretical approaches to the problem of economic containment of Russian Federation by Western countries. This geopolitical strategy pursued by the United States and other Western countries aimed to prevent successful economic development both Russian Federation and China during current century. The initiator of containment policy was American diplomat George F. Kennan, counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. In February 1946 George F. Kennan presented analytical report about future Soviet-American relation. To avoid military confrontation Kennan suggested to contain S
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Bani, Adam, and Ahamat Haniff. "History of Raw Material Export Restriction by European Powers: Revisiting Colonial Past." Cendekia: Jurnal Hukum, Sosial & Humaniora 1, no. 2 (2023): 92–106. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8116018.

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<em>Acquiring control and monopoly over raw materials and natural resources was key to political, military and territorial expansions of European Powers in Asia, America and Africa. After World War 2, trade of goods become major concern under international trade regime which international legal order has clear rules against export restrictions on raw materials including on natural resources agreed under GATT 1947 Agreement. This paper inquires into the historical foundations of control and monopoly over raw materials and minerals, the legal rules that governed such conduct of States. This pape
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Park, Eon-Kyung, and Sang-Han Wang. "A Critical Analysis on the Domestic Implementation Legislation of the International Nuclear Import and Export Control Regulations: Focusing on Amendment Proposals of the Nuclear Safety Act." Korea International Law Review 64 (February 28, 2023): 147–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25197/kilr.2023.64.147.

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Under domestic law, there is no accurate definition of the concept of nuclear export control. ‘The Nuclear Safety Act’ defines safety measures for the peaceful use of nuclear power and import and export control that blocks the illegal transfer of nuclear goods and technologies as nuclear power control, and ‘the Foreign Trade Act’ stipulates import and export control of especially designed or prepared nuclear items(Trigger List) and dual-use items as a type of strategic items export control. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission implements import and export control based on the acts above,
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Caspary, Tobias, and Tino Eckert. "2013 Reform of Germany’s Export Control Act." Global Trade and Customs Journal 8, Issue 6 (2013): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2013022.

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Changes to the German national export laws address modernization, reform, and among other issues the penalties regime, including a new provision on voluntary self-disclosure. This article provides a practical summary of these important changes.
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Zedalis, Rex J. "The Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act: United States Control Over Exports." American Journal of International Law 90, no. 1 (1996): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203761.

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During 1994, the total sales value of chemicals exported from the United States exceeded $51 billion, up 15 percent over the previous year and resulting in the chemical sector outpacing all other sectors that finished the year with favorable trade balances. Chemicals leaving the United States were shipped under the control provisions of both the Department of Commerce's Export Administration Regulations (EAR), and the Department of State's International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Though this is something of an oversimplification, the EAR basically concerns itself with products that ha
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CHOI, Dong Jun. "A Comparative Study on the Recent Strengthening tendency of Export Control System in the U.S. and China - focused on the U.S. Export Control Reform Act and the China Export Control Act -." Ewha Law Journal 25, no. 3 (2021): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32632/elj.2021.25.3.23.

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Park, Eon-Kyung, Sang-Han Wang, and Kwan-Seon Jung. "Study on Revision of Foreign Trade Act to strengthen Export Control System - Focusing on Comparison with the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 -." Jeonbuk Law Review 72 (September 30, 2023): 395–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.56544/jblr.2023.09.72.395.

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Whang, Cindy. "Undermining the Consensus-Building and List-Based Standards in Export Controls: What the US Export Controls Act Means to the Global Export Control Regime." Journal of International Economic Law 22, no. 4 (2019): 579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz038.

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ABSTRACT On 13 August 2018, US President Donald Trump signed a legislation called the ‘Export Controls Act of 2018’ (ECA) that is important for reinvigorating the export control regime in the USA. This paper argues that contents of the ECA will not only impact the USA but also the way that the ECA is structured will potentially have a long-lasting influence on international export control regimes and the role that export controls play in international trade. International export control regimes were established post-World War II as a trade measure to pursue common strategic and national securi
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Kim, In Sik. "Exploratory Study on Changes in China’s Export Control System - Focusing on the Export Control Act(Draft) of 2019 -." Korean Chinese Relations Review 6, no. 3 (2020): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33575/kcrr.2020.6.3.25.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Export Control Act of 1949"

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Van, Wyk Martha Susanna. "The 1977 United States arms embargo against South Africa: institution and implementation to 1997." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26051.

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THE 1977 UNITED STATES ARMS EMBARGO AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA: INSTITUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION TO 1997 The institution and implementation of the 1977 mandatory United States arms embargo against South Africa and the impact thereof on relations between the United States and South Africa is investigated in this study. The investigation centers around the objectives of the United States in instituting the arms embargo, whether these objectives were met through the implementation and enforcement of the arms embargo, and whether the South African reaction to the embargo indicates the failure of the embar
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Książki na temat "Export Control Act of 1949"

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Relations, United States Congress House Committee on International. Iran Nonproliferation Act of 1999: Report (to accompany H.R. 1883) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Clinton), United States President (1993-2001 :. Continuation of export control regulations: Message from the President of the United States, transmitting notification to continue in effect the system of controls maintained under the authority of the Export Administration Act of 1979 necessitated by its expiration on June 30, 1994, pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(b). U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Continuation of export control regulations: Message from the President of the United States, transmitting notification to continue in effect the system of controls maintained under the authority of the Export Administration Act of 1979 necessitated by its expiration on August 20, 1994, pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(b). U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Environmental Export Promotion Act of 1994: Report (to accompany H.R. 3813) (to accompany cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Provide for Increased Penalties for Violations of the Export Administration Act of 1979, and for Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign. Omnibus Export Administration Act of 1994: Markup before theCommittee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session on H.R. 3937, May 18, 1994. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Britain, Great. Export Control Act 2002: Elizabeth II. 2002. Chapter 28. Stationery Office, 2002.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Export Administration and Enhancement Act of 1994: Report of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, to accompany S. 2203 together with additional views. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Amend the Arms Export Control Act, and for Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Extension and revision of the Export Administration Act of 1979: Hearings and markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and its Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, on H.R. 3231, February 24; March 1, 3, 8; April 5, 12, 13, 14, 28, 29; May 2, 4, 5, 18, 25, 26, 1983. U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Części książek na temat "Export Control Act of 1949"

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Qureshi, Asif H. "Exports under the US Export Control Reform Act 2018." In The Americanisation of the World Trade Order. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003047575-7.

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"Exchange Control Act, 1947, United Kingdom: ‘An Act to confer Powers, and impose Duties and Restrictions, in Relation to Gold, Currency, Payments, Securities, Debts, and the Import, Export, Transfer and Settlement of Property, and for Purposes connected with the Matters aforesaid’ (11 March 1947)." In The Monetary History of Gold. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315476131-135.

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Frsa, Brian W. Harvey, and Franklin Meisel Llb. "Export Licensing." In Auctions Law And Practice. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199266166.003.0007.

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Abstract The present responsibility for the control of the exportation of ‘cultural goods’, a broad expression which can include goods of cultural interest, works of art, and various higher value antiques and collectibles, rests primarily with the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The former controls were exercised by the government under legislation passed at the start of the Second World War but are now found in the Export Control Act 2002 and the subsidiary legislation made under it, particularly the Export of Goods of Cultural Interest (Control) Order 2003, SI 2003/2759.It should be
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Park, Yung Chul. "The Republic of Korea ‘s Experience with Managing Foreign Capital Flows." In The Tobin Tax. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195111804.003.0009.

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Abstract For more than twenty years since the Foreign Exchange Management Act was enacted in 1961, the Republic of Korea maintained strict capital controls to prevent capital flight and to allocate its limited foreign exchange resources to export and other strategic industries. But recognizing the inefficiency of these regulations and given the worldwide trend towards economic liberalization, Korea has been liberalizing capital account transactions since the early 1980s. In December 1994, it launched the Plan for Foreign Exchange System Reform to accelerate this process and to prepare for memb
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Hirschhorn, Eric L., Brian J. Egan, and Edward J. Krauland. "Economic Sanctions." In U.S. Export Controls and Economic Sanctions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197582411.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 covers U.S. government economic sanctions, which may be imposed upon entire countries (as embargoes), specified economic sectors, or individual state or nonstate actors. These comprise approximately thirty different programs that are governed principally by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), various other sanctions legislation, and the regulations of the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). The chapter explains: which types of transactions are subject to the OFAC regulations; the basis and criteria for those restrictions; ho
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Hirschhorn, Eric L., Brian J. Egan, and Edward J. Krauland. "Commerce Department Controls on Exports of “Dual Use” and Lower-Level Military Goods, Software, and Technology." In U.S. Export Controls and Economic Sanctions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197582411.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 covers U.S. government controls on exports, reexports, and transfers of “U.S.-origin” goods, software, and technology that are commercial, “dual-use” (i.e., having both civilian and military uses), and low-level military in nature. These are governed principally by the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), which are administered by the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security. The chapter explains: what kinds of items are subject to the EAR; the various bases for the EAR’s restrictions; how to determine whether your product or
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Baptista, António Martinho, and António Pedro Batarda Fernandes. "Rock Art and the Côa Valley Archaeological Park: A Case Study in the Preservation of Portugal’s Prehistoric Rupestral Heritage." In Palaeolithic Cave Art at Creswell Crags in European Context. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199299171.003.0019.

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Although Nelson Rebanda—the archaeologist working for the electricity company (EDP) that was building a dam in the Côa river—probably discovered the first Côa Valley engraved surface with Palaeolithic motifs (the now well-known Rock 1 of Canada do Inferno) in November 1991, the find was only revealed to the public in November 1994 (Jorge 1995; Rebanda 1995). Subsequently, the first reports on ‘important archaeological finds in the Côa Valley’ started to appear in the newspapers. The Canada do Inferno engravings were located upstream and very near to the construction site of the Côa dam. The co
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Hirschhorn, Eric L., Brian J. Egan, and Edward J. Krauland. "State Department Controls on Exports of Defense Articles and Defense Services." In U.S. Export Controls and Economic Sanctions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197582411.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 covers U.S. government controls on exports, reexports, and transfers of “U.S.-origin” goods, software, and technology, and the provision of services, that are military in nature. These are governed principally by the Arms Export Control Act of 1976 and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), which are administered by the State Department’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC). The chapter explains: which items are subject to the ITAR; the basis and criteria for the ITAR’s restrictions; the requirement to register with DDTC if you export or manufacture items subj
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Glassman, Jim. "State Power Beyond the ‘Territorial Trap’: The Internationalization of the State." In Thailand at the Margins. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199267637.003.0009.

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The 1980s were marked by two seemingly antithetical tendencies in theorizing about states. On the one hand, a strong neo-liberal current connected with the rise of Thatcherism–Reaganism—which was deeply imbued with neo-classical economic assumptions—called into question the power or competence of states, suggesting that the states which governed best were those which governed least. Advocates of this position who attended to Third World development issues were particularly convinced that the rise of East Asian newly industrialized countries (NICs), such as South Korea and Taiwan, constituted e
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Garavini, Giuliano. "Fifty-Fifty." In The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832836.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 describes the negotiations and the reasons for the advent of the fifty-fifty oil profit sharing model in Venezuela in 1948, and then its application to the Middle East after the first ever visit to the region by a delegation of Venezuelan civil servants in the region in 1949. The chapter ends with a focuses on the last country to apply this model, Iran, where it was imposed with a coup against Mossadegh in 1953 in response to the nationalization of the petroleum industry. By the middle 1950s an oligopoly of seven or eight international oil companies was in control of basically all th
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Export Control Act of 1949"

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Neat, G. W., J. T. Wen, and H. Kaufman. "Expert Hierarchical Adaptive Control." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790159.

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Stengel, Robert F., and D. Alexander Stratton. "An Expert System for Wind Shear Avoidance." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790217.

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Konar, A. F., B. M. Thuraisingham, and P. E. Felix. "XIMKON: An Expert Simulation and Control Program." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790225.

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Birky, Greg, Thomas Mc Avoy, and Bjorn Tyreus. "Dicode - An Expert System for Designing Distillation Column Controls." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790172.

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Bernard, John A., and Takashi Washio. "The Utilization of Expert Systems within the Nuclear Industry." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790221.

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Basila, N. R., A. Cinar, and G. Stefanek. "A Model-Object based Supervisory Expert System for Fault Tolerant Chemical Reactor Control." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790400.

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Goforth, R. R., and Rodney E. Tolander. "Design Criteria, Product Specifications and Development Program for Automated E.M.S. Optimization using an Embedded Expert System." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790224.

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Savic Radovanovic, Radoslava, Aleksandra Aleksic-Agelidis, and Jelena Aleksic Radojkovic. "ZAKONSKI PROPISI U ORGANSKOJ PROIZVODNJI-NACIONALNA I EU REGULATIVA." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.459sr.

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Organic production in the Republic of Serbia is controlled production, officially regulated by the Law on Organic Production ("Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia", No. 30/10, 17/2019) that provided the legal basis for the adoption of regulations - Rulebook on control and certification in organic production and methods of organic production ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 095/2020) and the Rulebook on documentation submitting for certificate issuance by the authorized organization and organic products trading requirements ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 88/16). The Law on Organic Producti
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أبو الحسن اسماعيل, علاء. "Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2.

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If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genoci
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Export Control Act of 1949"

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Anderson, Lowell A., Neal Black, Thomas J. Hagerty, John P. Kluge, and Paul L. Sundberg. Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s Disease) and Its Eradication: A Review of the U.S. Experience. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7207242.aphis.

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This report has been written to serve as a history of the U.S. Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies) Eradication Program and as a guide when future disease eradication programs are considered. The report provides an overview of the program and its history and is generally nontechnical, with specific sections written by subject matter experts. The information was compiled during 2007, three years after the last four States qualified for Stage V (Free) Status. This eradication effort was formally initiated in 1989. The contents of this report include a variety of information that represents the view
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.

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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, James Giovannoni, and Edna Pesis. Unravelling the Mode of Action of Ripening-Specific MADS-box Genes for Development of Tools to Improve Banana Fruit Shelf-life and Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592116.bard.

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Fruit deterioration is a consequence of a genetically-determined fruit ripening and senescence programs, in which developmental factors lead to a climacteric rise of ethylene production in ethylene-sensitive fruits such as tomato and banana. Breeding of tomato with extended fruit shelf life involves the incorporation of a mutation in RIN, a MADS-box transcription factor participating in developmental control signalling of ripening. The RIN mode of action is not fully understood, and it may be predicted to interact with other MADS-box genes to execute its effects. The overall goal of this study
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O'Connell, Kelly, David Burdick, Melissa Vaccarino, Colin Lock, Greg Zimmerman, and Yakuta Bhagat. Coral species inventory at War in the Pacific National Historical Park: Final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302040.

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The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined t
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Ocampo-Gaviria, José Antonio, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, et al. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2023. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2023.

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Banco de la República is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2023. This is a very significant anniversary and one that provides an opportunity to highlight the contribution the Bank has made to the country’s development. Its track record as guarantor of monetary stability has established it as the one independent state institution that generates the greatest confidence among Colombians due to its transparency, management capabilities, and effective compliance with the central banking and cultural responsibilities entrusted to it by the Constitution and the Law. On a date as important as this,
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