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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Extensively grazed”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 7 lutego 2022

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1

Parker, EM, CP Gardiner, AE Kessell, and AJ Parker. "Hypovitaminosis A in extensively grazed beef cattle." Australian Veterinary Journal 95, no. 3 (February 27, 2017): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12560.

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Fogarty, Eloise S., David L. Swain, Greg M. Cronin, Luis E. Moraes, and Mark Trotter. "Behaviour classification of extensively grazed sheep using machine learning." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 169 (February 2020): 105175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.105175.

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Wehn, Sølvi, Knut Anders Hovstad, and Line Johansen. "The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services and the effects of grazing cessation in semi-natural grasslands." Web Ecology 18, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-18-55-2018.

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Abstract. Land use change can affect biodiversity, and this has an impact on ecosystem services (ESs), but the relationships between biodiversity and ESs are complex and poorly understood. Biodiversity is declining due to the abandonment of extensively grazed semi-natural grasslands. We therefore aim to explore relationships between biodiversity and ESs provided by extensively managed semi-natural grasslands. Focusing on vascular plant species richness, as well as the ESs fodder quantity, quality, and stability, allergy control, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, pollination, and aesthetic

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Goosey, Hayes B., Patrick G. Hatfield, Sue L. Blodgett, and S. Dennis Cash. "Evaluation of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Densities and Regrowth Characteristics of Alfalfa Grazed by Sheep in Winter and Spring." Journal of Entomological Science 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 598–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-39.4.598.

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Fall regrowth of alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L.), serves as a major source of winter pasture for Montana sheep producers. In years of drought, alfalfa fields are extensively winter/spring grazed; however, the impact on crop health is unknown. Alfalfa paddocks were continuously grazed for 95 d in 2002 and 98 d in 2003 during winter and spring to determine the impact on spring and summer alfalfa regrowth, nutrient quality characteristics, and alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyllenhal, densities. Grazed and non-grazed forage yield, crude protein (%), and acid and neutral detergent fibers (%) did not

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Liddell, Caroline, Eric R. Morgan, Katie Bull, and Christos C. Ioannou. "Response to resources and parasites depends on health status in extensively grazed sheep." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1920 (February 5, 2020): 20192905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2905.

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A fundamental question in animal ecology is how an individual's internal state and the external environment together shape species distributions across habitats. The increasing availability of biologgers is driving a revolution in answering this question in a wide range of species. In this study, the position of sheep ( Ovis aries ) from Global Positioning System collars was integrated with remote sensing data, field sampling of parasite distributions, and parasite load and health measures for each tagged individual. This allowed inter-individual variation in habitat use to be examined. Once c

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Skiba, U., S. K. Jones, J. Drewer, C. Helfter, M. Anderson, K. Dinsmore, R. McKenzie, E. Nemitz, and M. A. Sutton. "Comparison of soil greenhouse gas fluxes from extensive and intensive grazing in a temperate maritime climate." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2012): 10057–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-10057-2012.

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Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from a seminatural, extensively sheep grazed drained moorland and intensively sheep grazed fertilised grassland in SE Scotland were compared over 4 yr (2007–2010). Nitrous oxide and CH4 fluxes were measured by static chambers, respiration from soil including ground vegetation by a flow through chamber and the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 by eddy covariance. All GHG fluxes displayed high temporal and interannual variability. Temperature, radiation, water table height and precipitation could explain a significant percentage of seasonal and interannual varia

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CZOBEL, Szilard, Orsolya SZIRMAI, Zoltan NEMETH, Csaba GYURICZA, Judit GAZI, Andrea TOTH, Judit SCHELLENBERGER, Laszlo VASA, and Karoly PENKSZA. "Short-term Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange and Net Primary Production in a Pannonian Sandy Grassland." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40, no. 2 (November 5, 2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4028300.

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Using portable, non-destructive own developed chambers (d=60 cm) and infrared gas analyses, the in situ field investigation was performed to study the seasonal and inter-annual dynamics of the stand level CO2-flux and production of sandy grassland that has been extensively grazed for decades. Furthermore, NEE measurements and biomass samples were used to identify the initial effects of grazing exclusion on CO2 exchange, aboveground phytomass and potential plant productivity in years of significantly different precipitation levels. A considerable inter-annual variation in all of the studied par

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Trevisan, Dominique, Jean Marcel Dorioz, Jérome Poulenard, Philippe Quetin, Claire Prigent Combaret, and Philippe Merot. "Mapping of critical source areas for diffuse fecal bacterial pollution in extensively grazed watersheds." Water Research 44, no. 13 (July 2010): 3847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.039.

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9

Hill, BD, RG Holroyd, and M. Sullivan. "Clinical and pathological findings associated with congenital hypovitaminosis A in extensively grazed beef cattle." Australian Veterinary Journal 87, no. 3 (March 2009): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00398.x.

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10

Skiba, U., S. K. Jones, J. Drewer, C. Helfter, M. Anderson, K. Dinsmore, R. McKenzie, E. Nemitz, and M. A. Sutton. "Comparison of soil greenhouse gas fluxes from extensive and intensive grazing in a temperate maritime climate." Biogeosciences 10, no. 2 (February 26, 2013): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1231-2013.

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Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from a seminatural, extensively sheep-grazed drained moorland and intensively sheep-grazed fertilised grassland in South East (SE) Scotland were compared over 4 yr (2007–2010). Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured by static chambers, respiration from soil plus ground vegetation by a flow-through chamber, and the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) by eddy-covariance. All GHG fluxes displayed high temporal and interannual variability. Temperature, radiation, water table height and precipitation could explain a signific

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11

Barrett, David C. "Cattle Review." Livestock 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2020.25.1.23.

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Introduction: In this, the first Cattle Review of the new decade, we consider three open access papers on the likely effectiveness of the TB control and eradication programme in Ireland, BVDV transmission in extensively grazed beef cattle, and farmers' awareness of hypomagnesaemia in UK cattle and sheep and the measures taken to prevent and control the condition.

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12

Sárospataki, M., A. Báldi, P. Batáry, Z. Józan, S. Erdős, and T. Rédei. "Factors affecting the structure of bee assemblages in extensively and intensively grazed grasslands in Hungary." Community Ecology 10, no. 2 (December 2009): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/comec.10.2009.2.7.

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13

Balmer, Oliver, and Andreas Erhardt. "Consequences of Succession on Extensively Grazed Grasslands for Central European Butterfly Communities: Rethinking Conservation Practices." Conservation Biology 14, no. 3 (June 2000): 746–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98612.x.

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14

James, P. J., B. J. Horton, N. J. Campbell, D. L. Evans, J. Winkleman, and R. McPhie. "Population dynamics and production effects of sheep lice (Bovicola ovis Schrank) in extensively grazed flocks." Animal Production Science 51, no. 8 (2011): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11008.

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An experiment was conducted to characterise population dynamics of lice and associated production loss in extensively grazed flocks infested at different times after shearing. Merino wethers were allocated to six groups of 31 sheep. In the first year (Y1), one sheep in each of two groups was infested with 2500 lice at 6 weeks after shearing (September), sheep in two groups were infested at 4 months (December) and two groups remained uninfested. In year 2 (Y2), infestations carried over from Y1, but a lousy sheep was added to each 6-week infestation mob. In year 3 (Y3), the infested mobs were t

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15

Wezel, A. "Variation of soil and site parameters on extensively and intensively grazed hillslopes in semiarid Cuba." Geoderma 134, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.10.001.

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16

Marsden, Karina A., Jon A. Holmberg, Davey L. Jones, Alice F. Charteris, Laura M. Cárdenas, and David R. Chadwick. "Nitrification represents the bottle-neck of sheep urine patch N2O emissions from extensively grazed organic soils." Science of The Total Environment 695 (December 2019): 133786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133786.

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17

Pittarello, Marco, Alessandra Gorlier, Giampiero Lombardi, and Michele Lonati. "Plant species selection by sheep in semi-natural dry grasslands extensively grazed in the south-western Italian Alps." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 2 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16068.

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Sheep can have an important role in the conservation of abandoned and shrub- and tree-encroached, semi-natural dry grasslands because their feeding behaviour is known to affect plant diversity and structure. Nevertheless, little information is available about feeding preferences of sheep at the sward-patch scale and about the effects of stocking density on their selectivity. Consequently, we investigated plant-species selection by sheep managed with a low-intensity grazing, examining the influence of stocking density and plant species abundance by means of vegetation surveys and animal GPS tra

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18

Hunt, L. P. "Safe pasture utilisation rates as a grazing management tool in extensively grazed tropical savannas of northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07058.

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The concept of safe pasture utilisation rates is frequently promoted as a tool for use in setting livestock numbers in perennial grass pastures in northern Australia’s tropical savannas to achieve a grazing intensity that is ecologically and economically sustainable. However, recommended pasture utilisation rates have been defined and applied in several ways, and this has led to some confusion among managers, researchers and advisers about their appropriate use. In order to reduce this confusion, this paper reviews the ecological basis and use of safe pasture utilisation rates as a management

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Tarmi, Sanna, and Terho Hyvönen. "Plant Species Diversity and Composition of Plant Communities in Buffer Zones with Variable Management Regimes." Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, no. 2 (July 17, 2012): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p152.

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<p>Field boundaries with permanent vegetation cover are a key habitat for farmland biodiversity. Buffer zones are wide field boundaries established to prevent nutrient leaching and erosion into waterways and serve as habitats for farmland wildlife. Our main hypothesis was that several years of grazing or cutting management results in greater plant species richness and heterogeneity in buffer zones in comparison with sites managed for only a few years. We also hypothesized that litter cover and soil phosphorus (P) level would decrease after several years of management, in comparison sites

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Callaghan, M. J., N. W. Tomkins, I. Benu, and A. J. Parker. "How feasible is it to replace urea with nitrates to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from extensively managed beef cattle?" Animal Production Science 54, no. 9 (2014): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14270.

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Reducing methane emissions from cattle in Australia will be dependent upon finding a strategy that can be readily adopted by its northern beef industry. The majority of the herd are located in this region and they graze low-quality tropical (C4) pastures, resulting in high methane output. There are few mitigation options that can be readily applied to extensively grazed cattle. The addition of nitrate to the diet of cattle has been shown to reduce methane production and may be an applicable strategy in northern Australia. Nitrogen is often the primary limiting nutrient in low-quality tropical

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21

NIKOLOV, STOYAN C. "Effects of land abandonment and changing habitat structure on avian assemblages in upland pastures of Bulgaria." Bird Conservation International 20, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270909990244.

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SummaryOver the past half century, grassland birds in Europe have declined dramatically and in order to maintain and restore their populations it is critical to understand how habitat structures and quality within pastures affect birds. This study investigated the effects of habitat structure and pasture abandonment on grassland birds in IBA Ponor, western Bulgaria. Birds were sampled using the point count method at 143 randomly located circular plots and a total of 1,401 observations of birds from 31 species were recorded. The results showed that habitat complexity, management and landscape p

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22

BATÁRY, PÉTER, ANDRÁS BÁLDI, and SAROLTA ERDŐS. "The effects of using different species conservation priority lists on the evaluation of habitat importance within Hungarian grasslands." Bird Conservation International 17, no. 1 (March 2007): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270906000591.

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Many bird species of conservation importance inhabit the grasslands of the Hungarian Great Plain. Although extensive grazing management usually supports more bird species than intensive management, the conservation priority is to protect rare or declining species. Therefore, the conservation status of species must also be included in assessments of the value of different habitats. We used territory mapping to count birds in 21 extensively and intensively grazed field pairs on the Hungarian Great Plain, and subsequently adjusted site scores depending on which species appeared on various lists o

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Morton, J. F. "Pastoralist parliamentary groups: a comparative study." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009352.

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Pastoralists (broadly speaking, people dependent on extensively grazed livestock for their livelihoods), are a vulnerable group of people who have been marginalised in developmental and political terms, and whose problems are very different from those of people in mainstream agricultural areas. Pastoralist Parliamentary Groups (PPGs), groupings of MPs concerned with the issue of pastoralism, have been formed since 1997 in the national parliaments of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda (Mohammed Mussa 2004, Livingstone forthcoming a and b). A research project investigated the context, successes and fail

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Farruggia, A., B. Dumont, P. D’hour, and D. Egal. "How does protein supplementation affect the selectivity and performance of Charolais cows on extensively grazed pastures in late autumn?" Grass and Forage Science 63, no. 3 (September 2008): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2008.00644.x.

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MARRIOTT, C. A., G. T. BARTHRAM, and G. R. BOLTON. "Seasonal dynamics of leaf extension and losses to senescence and herbivory in extensively managed sown ryegrass–white clover swards." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 1 (February 1999): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698006121.

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Tissue flow measurements of leaf material in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Agrostis capillaris or Poa annua, and Trifolium repens (white clover) were made at three upland sites in Scotland (Hartwood, Sourhope and Fasque) in 1992/93 to determine if there were differences in seasonal growth, senescence and losses to herbivory between species in their response to more extensive sward management. The measurements were made monthly from May until October in established predominantly perennial ryegrass/white clover swards receiving three different treatments. One treatment received a conventi

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de Sosa, Laura L., Helen C. Glanville, Miles R. Marshall, A. Prysor Williams, Maïder Abadie, Ian M. Clark, Aimeric Blaud, and Davey L. Jones. "Spatial zoning of microbial functions and plant-soil nitrogen dynamics across a riparian area in an extensively grazed livestock system." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 120 (May 2018): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.02.004.

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Kaupuža, Renāte, and Gotfrīds Noviks. "DETERMINATION OF HABITAT 6270*_3 PERMITTED DRAINAGE RATE." HUMAN. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. Proceedings of the Students International Scientific and Practical Conference, no. 23 (April 24, 2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/het2019.23.4403.

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Amelioration has dramatically altered the distribution of semi-natural grasslands in Latvia and as a result of the drainage, and the ocurrance of humid grassland habitats has decreased sharply. The aim of the paper was to identify drainage rate for habitat 6270*_3 ecohydrological requirements which is necessary for its successful management and long-term existence. The work looked at 15 equally managed (extensively grazed and/or mowed) perennial, natural grasslands at different levels of drainage resulting in various quality states. To reveal the most habitat-preserving drainage rate, for each

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Hodgkinson, KC, JW Terpstra, and WJ Muller. "Spatial and Temporal Pattern in the Grazing of Grasses by Sheep Within a Semi-Arid Wooded Landscape." Rangeland Journal 17, no. 2 (1995): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9950154.

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Grazing the woodlands of semi-arid and arid Australia by domestic stock has extensively collapsed perennial *grass populations and thereby fostered woody plant increase. This study examined the pattern of grazing of individual grass plants by sheep in the landscape of a semi-arid woodland, and a model was developed describing the spatial and temporal influences on the grazing pressure placed on plants. Plants of two widespread perennial grass species differing in palatability, Eragrostis eriopoda and Thyridolepis mitchelliana, were examined weekly in two contrasting periods at the CSIRO Lake M

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Creamer, Maggie L., Leslie M. Roche, Kristina M. Horback, and Tina L. Saitone. "Optimising cattle grazing distribution on rangeland: a systematic review and network analysis." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 5 (2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19066.

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Optimising beef cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) distribution, both spatially and temporally, is one of the most significant challenges associated with managing extensive grazed rangelands. Landscape variability and behavioural patterns of cattle may lead to non-uniform and inefficient forage utilisation, damage to critical habitats, and water quality impairment. In order to overcome these distribution challenges, a large suite of tools have been developed and researched to optimise grazing patterns. The objectives of this synthesis paper are 2-fold: (i) to survey and categorise distributio

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Kendall, N. R., D. W. Jackson, A. M. Mackenzie, D. V. Illingworth, I. M. Gill, and S. B. Telfer. "The effect of a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on the trace element status of extensively grazed sheep over winter." Animal Science 73, no. 1 (April 2001): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980005815x.

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AbstractThe effects of trace element deficiencies in lambs, particularly zinc, copper, cobalt and selenium, include decreased growth rates and increased mortality. However, trace element supplementation of sheep reared under extensive conditions has several logistical problems.Two trials were designed to investigate the effect of a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on the trace element status of out-wintered ewe lambs. In trial 1 600 8-month-old ewe lambs (500 Scottish Blackface and 100 North Country Cheviots) were allocated to two treatment groups; 300 were treated with a zinc, co

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Wilson, Brian R., Ivor Growns, and John Lemon. "Scattered native trees and soil patterns in grazing land on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 45, no. 3 (2007): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07019.

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Over large areas of south-eastern Australia, the original cover of native woodland has been extensively cleared or modified, and what remains is often characterised by scattered trees beneath which the ground-storey vegetation is largely grazed or otherwise managed. This study investigated the influence of scattered Blakely’s red gum (Eucalyptus blakelyi) trees on both near-surface and deeper soil layers in temperate grazed pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. A significant canopy effect was observed with elevated soil pH, carbon, and nutrient status inside the tr

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Whalley, R. D. B., J. N. Price, M. J. Macdonald, and P. J. Berney. "Drivers of change in the Social-Ecological Systems of the Gwydir Wetlands and Macquarie Marshes in northern New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11002.

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The Murray–Darling Basin is a Social-Ecological System (SES) of major importance to Australia and includes extensive wetland areas in the north-western parts of New South Wales. The Gwydir Wetlands and the Macquarie Marshes are the particular focus of this paper. These two wetland SES have undergone five successive adaptive cycles (phases) since they were first visited by Europeans in the early 19th century and the ecological, economic and social drivers initiating each transformation to a new cycle are described and analysed. The arrival of the European settlers with their domestic livestock

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Felber, R., A. Münger, A. Neftel, and C. Ammann. "Eddy covariance methane flux measurements over a grazed pasture: effect of cows as moving point sources." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 4 (February 24, 2015): 3419–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-3419-2015.

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) from ruminants contributes one third to global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Eddy covariance (EC) technique has been extensively used at various flux sites to investigate carbon dioxide exchange of ecosystems. Since the development of fast CH4 analysers the instrumentation at many flux sites have been amended for these gases. However the application of EC over pastures is challenging due to the spatial and temporal uneven distribution of CH4 point sources induced by the grazing animals. We applied EC measurements during one grazing season over a pasture with 20

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McCormick, J. I., J. W. Paulet, L. W. Bell, M. Seymour, M. P. Ryan, and S. R. McGrath. "Dual-purpose crops: the potential to increase cattle liveweight gains in winter across southern Australia." Animal Production Science 61, no. 11 (2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19231.

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Context Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) crops have been extensively researched for grazing in Australian farming systems, with a focus on grazing by sheep. In some regions, dual-purpose crops have been grazed by cattle, but there have been reports of animal health problems. Aims This paper sought to collate all known experiments conducted throughout Australia of cattle grazing dual-purpose crops, in order to evaluate grazing management options for cattle on dual-purpose crops that result in high growth rates and good animal health outcomes. Methods Ther

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van Leeuwen, J. P., D. Moraetis, G. J. Lair, J. Bloem, N. P. Nikolaidis, L. Hemerik, and P. C. de Ruiter. "Ecological soil quality affected by land use and management on semi-arid Crete." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 1 (March 3, 2015): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-187-2015.

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Abstract. Land use and soil management practice can have strong effects on soil quality, defined in terms of soil fertility, carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity. In this study, we investigate whether ecological soil quality parameters are adequate to assess soil quality under harsh conditions, and are able to reflect different land uses and intensities of soil management practices. We selected three sites as main representatives for the dominant types of land use in the region: an intensively cultivated olive orchard (annually tilled), an extensively used olive orchard (not t

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Felber, R., A. Münger, A. Neftel, and C. Ammann. "Eddy covariance methane flux measurements over a grazed pasture: effect of cows as moving point sources." Biogeosciences 12, no. 12 (June 29, 2015): 3925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3925-2015.

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) from ruminants contributes one-third of global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Eddy covariance (EC) technique has been extensively used at various flux sites to investigate carbon dioxide exchange of ecosystems. Since the development of fast CH4 analyzers, the instrumentation at many flux sites has been amended for these gases. However, the application of EC over pastures is challenging due to the spatially and temporally uneven distribution of CH4 point sources induced by the grazing animals. We applied EC measurements during one grazing season over a pasture wi

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Hezron E, Nonga, Muwonge Adrian, and Mdegela Robinson H. "Tick infestations in extensively grazed cattle and efficacy trial of high-cis cypermethrin pour-on preparation for control of ticks in Mvomero district in Tanzania." BMC Veterinary Research 8, no. 1 (2012): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-224.

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Sinden, J. A. "Do the public gains from vegetation protection in north-western New South Wales exceed the landholders' loss of land value?" Rangeland Journal 26, no. 2 (2004): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj04014.

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Protection of native vegetation on farms provides many gains for the public as a whole, but may also lead to losses in property value for the landholders. At least 41% of Moree Plains Shire remains in native vegetation, most of which is grazed extensively and all of which must now be protected under recent laws. A benefit-cost analysis was combined with a risk simulation to estimate these gains and losses. The data collection stage of the analysis included a synthesis of the literature on the relationship between protection and land values. The analysis showed that protection of native vegetat

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Rodríguez-Rigueiro, Francisco Javier, José Javier Santiago-Freijanes, María Rosa Mosquera-Losada, Marina Castro, Pablo Silva-Losada, Andrea Pisanelli, Anastasia Pantera, Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez, and Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez. "Silvopasture policy promotion in European Mediterranean areas." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245846.

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Silvopasture is the deliberate integration of a woody component with grazed pastures as understorey. It is one of the most extended agroforestry practices all over the world. Silvopasture use is key to increase the sustainability of livestock farming systems as silvopasture reduces the use of concentrates since the woody component provides feed for animals. However, it is not an extensively used practice in Europe. This paper aims at evaluating, from Eurostat, LUCAS database and the 118 rural development programs, the current situation of permanent grasslands in the Mediterranean area of Europ

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Robertson, S. M., T. Atkinson, M. A. Friend, M. B. Allworth, and G. Refshauge. "Reproductive performance in goats and causes of perinatal mortality: a review." Animal Production Science 60, no. 14 (2020): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20161.

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Goat meat production is an expanding industry in Australia. However, there is limited data quantifying the levels of reproductive performance, particularly under extensively grazed rangeland conditions, which would inform interventions to improve performance. This review aimed to quantify the levels of reproduction, time and causes of reproductive wastage in goats. It considers the levels of fertility, fecundity, embryonic loss, fetal loss and post-natal survival reported under Australian conditions, and comparisons are made with international reports. Key management factors that may contribut

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Norton, Mark R., Denys L. Garden, Beverley A. Orchard, Philip Armstrong, and Trent Brassil. "Effects of lime, phosphorus and stocking rate on an extensively managed permanent pasture: botanical composition and groundcover." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 7 (2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20135.

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Low phosphorus (P) constrains productivity of many of the permanent pastures of south-eastern Australia where wool and meat production are important. Whereas the need for fertilisation with P is indisputable for many soils, the benefits of liming to ameliorate soil acidification are not always clear in terms of forage production or quality. This experiment, by measuring botanical composition and groundcover over 10 years, aimed to address the issue of forage composition and groundcover. Merino wethers were continuously grazed on a permanent pasture under two stocking rates (low and high) follo

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Ciais, P., J. F. Soussana, N. Vuichard, S. Luyssaert, A. Don, I. A. Janssens, S. L. Piao, et al. "The greenhouse gas balance of European grasslands." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 13, 2010): 5997–6050. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-5997-2010.

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Abstract. The long-term carbon balance (NBP) of grasslands is estimated by combining scarce multi-year eddy-covariance observations at ecosystem observation sites where information on carbon inputs and harvesting removals is available. Following accounting for carbon leached to rivers, we estimated grasslands to be net carbon sinks of 74±10 g C m−2 yr−1. Uncertainties arise from the small number of sites and the short measurement period. Only 11 sites, out of a total of 20 grassland sites in Europe where eddy covariance systems are installed, were set-up for estimating NBP. These 11 selected s

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van Delden, Lona, David W. Rowlings, Clemens Scheer, and Peter R. Grace. "Urbanisation-related land use change from forest and pasture into turf grass modifies soil nitrogen cycling and increases N<sub>2</sub>O emissions." Biogeosciences 13, no. 21 (November 7, 2016): 6095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6095-2016.

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Abstract. Urbanisation is becoming increasingly important in terms of climate change and ecosystem functionality worldwide. We are only beginning to understand how the processes of urbanisation influence ecosystem dynamics, making peri-urban environments more vulnerable to nutrient losses. Brisbane in South East Queensland has the most extensive urban sprawl of all Australian cities. This research estimated the environmental impact of land use change associated with urbanisation by examining soil nitrogen (N) turnover and subsequent nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using a fully automated system

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DINESEN, LARS, ALAN CHAMORRO, JON FJELDSÅ, and CONSTANTINO AUCCA. "Distribution and habitat description of Junín Rail Laterallus tuerosi, Andean Peru." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000599.

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SummaryDistribution and habitat description of the endangered Junín Rail Laterallus tuerosi were assessed during a field study between 6 and 20 February 2014 in the marshes surrounding Lake Junín in the high Andes of Peru, which is the only known locality for the species. By using point counts and playback, we found the species to be present in the marshland all around the lake, with preference for two clearly defined habitat types: one comprising extensively grazed tussocks of Festuca dolichophylla and the other of rather uniform stands of Juncus balticus with undergrowth, or smaller open spa

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OURA, C. A. L., R. BISHOP, E. M. WAMPANDE, G. W. LUBEGA, and A. TAIT. "The persistence of componentTheileria parvastocks in cattle immunized with the ‘Muguga cocktail’ live vaccine against East Coast fever in Uganda." Parasitology 129, no. 1 (June 10, 2004): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200400513x.

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The ‘Muguga cocktail’ live vaccine comprises threeTheileria parvastocks (Muguga, Kiambu 5 and the buffalo-derived Serengeti-transformed) and has been used extensively in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa with an infection and treatment protocol to protect cattle against East Coast fever. We report the characterization of the three component vaccine stocks using a panel of polymorphic micro-satellite and mini-satellite markers and the development of a stock-derived PCR method that distinguishes two of the vaccine stocks. These markers, with the use of a recently developed Reverse Line Blot a

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Kingston-Smith, A. H., R. J. Merry, D. K. Leemans, H. Thomas, and M. K. Theodorou. "Evidence in support of a role for plant-mediated proteolysis in the rumens of grazing animals." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041303.

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The present work aimed to differentiate between proteolytic activities of plants and micro-organisms during the incubation of grass in cattle rumens. Freshly cut ryegrass was placed in bags of varying permeability and incubated for 16 h in the rumens of dairy cows that had previously grazed a ryegrass sward, supplemented with 4 kg dairy concentrate daily. Woven polyester bags (50 μm pore size) permitted direct access of the micro-organisms and rumen fluid enzymes to the plant material. The polythene was impermeable even to small molecules such as NH3. Dialysis tubing excluded micro-organisms a

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Zimmer, Heidi C., Vivienne B. Turner, Jaimie Mavromihalis, Josh Dorrough, and Claire Moxham. "Forb responses to grazing and rest management in a critically endangered Australian native grassland ecosystem." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 2 (2010): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09069.

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Worldwide, temperate grasslands have been extensively cleared for agriculture and urban expansion and the ‘Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain’ in south-eastern Australia has recently been listed as critically endangered. Because of land clearing, these grasslands now occupy <1% of their original distribution and much of the remaining grassland continues to be grazed by livestock. Although forbs (wildflowers) constitute most of the floristic richness in natural grasslands, few experimental studies have focused on their responses to strategic livestock grazing and res

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Dobicki, A., P. Nowakowski, M. Kierzek, A. Zachwieja, and P. Baranowski. "Reproduction behavior and performance of beef cattle herd in free ranging environment of "Warta Mouth" national park." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-1 (2007): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701253d.

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The observations conducted on a herd of beef cattle, extensively free grazed, demonstrated that cows in oestrus, breeding bulls (sires) and young bulls showed a wide range of sexual behavior. In the cow-cow relation mutual mounting was a standard sexual behavior, confirmed by 88.9% of observations. In the relation between sire and cow in oestrus, of the four forms of activity initiated by the cow, rubbing against a sire and mounting him was recorded in 100% of observations. The evaluation of the activity of the sire in relation to a cow in oestrus covered seven behavioral forms, of which as st

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FRASER, M. D., H. R. FLEMING, V. J. THEOBALD, and J. M. MOORBY. "Effect of breed and pasture type on methane emissions from weaned lambs offered fresh forage." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 6 (June 22, 2015): 1128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000544.

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SUMMARYTo investigate the extent to which enteric methane (CH4) emissions from growing lambs are explained by simple body weight and diet characteristics, a 2 × 2 Latin square changeover design experiment was carried out using two sheep breeds and two fresh pasture types. Weaned lambs of two contrasting breed types were used: Welsh Mountain (WM, a small, hardy hill breed) and Welsh Mule × Texel (TexX, prime lamb) (n = 8 per breed). The lambs were zero-grazed on material cut from recently reseeded perennial ryegrass and extensively managed permanent pasture. In each experimental period, individ

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Coblentz, Wayne K., and Matthew Akins. "39 Management of cereal-grain forages for yield and quality." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.038.

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Abstract Cereal-grains have a long history of providing quality forage for livestock operations. Our objective is to review the existing literature and describe the principle factors controlling the yield and quality of cereal-grain forages. Generally, cereal-grain forage production can occur via management scenarios that include: 1) winter-annuals planted during fall and then grazed or harvested the following spring; 2) cereals not requiring vernalization planted during early spring and harvested during late-spring or summer; and 3) cereals not requiring vernalization planted during late-summ

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