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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Flame behavior”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Sontake, Dr A. R., Piyush Raj, Aditya Verma, Rehan Mansoori, Ayush, and Prashant Saroj. "A Review on Flame Spread Behavior Over Paper/Hybrid Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 12 (2024): 845–48. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.65923.

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Abstract: The accurate identification of flame spread on combustible solids is a basic problem in the area of fire engineering. This is a key concern in fire hazard assessments. In order to investigate the spread of flames on combustible solids, two flame behavior patterns were suggested: downward flame spread and upward spread behavior. Paper (Sample) is known to be highly flammable, yet there remains a lack of comprehensive research on the spread of flames on paper surfaces. In this review paper, nearly 15-20 research papers were reviewed based on the flame spread behaviors on materials. Som

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Yang, Tao, Yuan Ma, and Peng Zhang. "Dynamical Behavior of Small-Scale Buoyant Diffusion Flames in Externally Swirling Flows." Symmetry 16, no. 3 (2024): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16030292.

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This study computationally investigates small-scale flickering buoyant diffusion flames in externally swirling flows and focuses on identifying and characterizing various distinct dynamical behaviors of the flames. To explore the impact of finite rate chemistry on flame flicker, especially in sufficiently strong swirling flows, a one-step reaction mechanism is utilized for investigation. By adjusting the external swirling flow conditions (the intensity R and the inlet angle α), six flame modes in distinct dynamical behaviors were computationally identified in both physical and phase spaces. Th

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3

Jiang, Xiaozhen, Jingxuan Li, and Lijun Yang. "Nonlinear response of laminar premixed flames to dual-input harmonic disturbances." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 4 (2023): 3408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0484.

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In gas turbines, aero-engines and rocket engines, flames are always disturbed by perturbations of dual or multiple harmonic frequencies, resulting in corresponding combustion instability. This paper analyses the nonlinear response of laminar premixed flames to dual-input harmonic disturbances to further understand those associated combustion instability. Nonlinear results of flame dynamics were derived from analytical and numerical solutions of the G-equation. The spatial front-tracking of premixed flames was obtained, where types of nonlinear behaviors were classified and related mechanisms o

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4

Al-Mosawi, Ali I., Mustafa Ahmed Rijab, Ali J. Salaman, Naser A. Alwash, and Naglaa S. Aziz. "Flammability Behavior of Composite Mixed with Retardant Agents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 186 (June 2012): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.186.129.

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The flammability characteristics and synergistic effect of zinc borate with antimony trioxide in araldite resin composite have been studied by thermal erosion test . Zinc borate was added first to araldite resin reinforced by hybrid carbon-Kevlar fibers as a surface layer(5mm) thickness .Then, the result composite material was exposed to a direct flame generated from Oxyacetylene torch (3000°C) with different flame exposure intervals (10,20mm), and study the range of resistance of retardant material layer to the flames and protected the substrate .After that , antimony trioxide was added to zi

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5

Sampath, Ramgopal, and Jonas P. Moeck. "Effect of stratification on the combustion behavior and dynamic response of a bluff-body stabilized ammonia–hydrogen flames with radial staging." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 16, no. 3 (2024): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17568277241263410.

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The present study deals with the flames of ammonia–hydrogen blends that form a prospective fuel for power generation in practical devices. In particular, the spatial flame dynamics of the bluff body stabilized laminar and stratified ammonia–air/hydrogen–air mixtures with acoustic excitation are considered. For this, we consider a radially staged burner consisting of two concentric tubes namely, the inner and outer tubes with the bluff body housed by the former. Two annulus passages are formed between (i) the inner and outer tube, and (ii) the inner tube and bluff body in which premixed hydroge

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6

Almyali, Hussein M., Zaid M. H. Al Dulaimi, and Mohammed A. Al-Fahham. "A Review: Flame Propagation Dynamics in Open Tubes: Factors Influencing Combustion Conditions and Practical Implementations." Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias 3 (May 31, 2024): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024816.

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This study examines the combustion conditions of fuel flame propagation within a tube of uniform cross-sectional area, where ignition occurs at the sealed end and the flame propagates in the direction of both the open and sealed ends. Both factors exert an influence on the configuration and functioning of combustion systems. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of practical implementations in various combustion systems, it is imperative to comprehend the variations in flame propagation stages as a result of thermodynamic conditions. The operational conditions involving pressures

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7

Sugawa, Osami. "Flame Behavior." Japanese journal of science and technology for identification 4, no. 2 (2000): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3408/jasti.4.43.

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Baker, John, Mark E. Calvert, and David W. Murphy. "Structure and Dynamics of Laminar Jet Micro-Slot Diffusion Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 4 (2002): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1482083.

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Results of an experimental investigation into the behavior of laminar jet diffusion flames, produced using micro-slot burner ports, are presented. Under certain conditions, the cross-sectional shape of micro-slot flames is qualitatively similar to the cross-sectional shape of circular burner port flames produced in an environment where molecular diffusion is the primary transport mechanism. An order of magnitude analysis reveals that, over the range of experimental conditions examined, the behavior of the experimentally observed micro-slot flames is not necessarily diffusion-controlled. A comp

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9

Gupta, A. K., M. J. Lewis, and M. Daurer. "Swirl Effects on Combustion Characteristics of Premixed Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (2000): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1339987.

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The effect of radial distribution of swirl has been examined on the thermal behavior of two different premixed flames using a double concentric premixed swirl burner. The double concentric swirl burner allowed systematic variation in the radial distribution of swirl (both co- and counter-) between the inner and outer annulus of the burner. The burner had two annular jets and a central nozzle. Information on the thermal field in two flames formed by co- or counter-swirl in the outer annulus and co-swirl in the inner annulus has been examined. Specifically mean and fluctuating temperatures, inte

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10

Gupta, A. K., S. Bolz, and T. Hasegawa. "Effect of Air Preheat Temperature and Oxygen Concentration on Flame Structure and Emission." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 3 (1999): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795984.

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The structure of turbulent diffusion flames with highly preheated combustion air (air preheat temperature in excess of 1150°C) has been obtained using a specially designed regenerative combustion furnace. Propane gas was used as the fuel. Data have been obtained on the global flame features, spectral emission characteristics, spatial distribution of OH, CH, and C2 species, and pollutant emission from the flames. The results have been obtained for various degrees of air preheat temperatures and O2 concentration in the air. The color of the flame was found to change from yellow to blue to bluish

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11

Yakush, Sergey, Oleg Semenov, and Maxim Alexeev. "Premixed Propane–Air Flame Propagation in a Narrow Channel with Obstacles." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031516.

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Flame interaction with obstacles can affect significantly its behavior due to flame front wrinkling, changes in the flame front surface area, and momentum and heat losses. Experimental and theoretical studies in this area are primarily connected with flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition. This work is devoted to studying laminar flames propagating in narrow gaps between closely spaced parallel plates (Hele–Shaw cell) in the presence of internal obstacles separating the rectangular channel in two parts (closed and open to the atmosphere) connected by a small hole. The foc

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12

Mao, Yikai, Yin Chen, and Mingyi Chen. "Review of Flame Behavior and Its Suppression during Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries." Batteries 10, no. 9 (2024): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10090307.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively utilized in electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and related fields due to their superior performance and high energy density. However, battery-related incidents, particularly fires, are increasingly common. This paper aims to first summarize the flame behavior of LIBs and then thoroughly examine the factors influencing this behavior. Based on these factors, methods for suppressing LIB flames are identified. The factors affecting flame behavior are categorized into two groups: internal and external. The paper then reviews the flame behav

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13

Martin, Jan, Michael Börner, Justin Hardi, Dmitry Suslov, and Michael Oschwald. "Experimental Investigation of Flame Anchoring Behavior in a LOX/LNG Rocket Combustor." Aerospace 10, no. 6 (2023): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060542.

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Hot fire tests of a multi-injector research combustor were performed with liquid-oxygen and liquefied-natural-gas (LOX/LNG) propellants at chamber pressures from 30 up to 67 bar, hence at conditions similar to an upper stage rocket engine. Within these tests shear coaxial injectors were tested with and without a recessed LOX post. In both configurations, operating conditions with flames anchored at the LOX post tip and thus, if available, pre-combustion in the recess volume as well as lifted flames were observed. Flame anchoring was indirectly detected via acoustic measurements, using mean spe

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14

Bohn, D., G. Deutsch, and U. Kru¨ger. "Numerical Predication of the Dynamic Behavior of Turbulent Diffusion Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 4 (1998): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818458.

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Environmental compatibility requires low-emission burners for gas turbine power plants as well as for jet engines. In the Past, significant progress has been made developing low NOx and CO burners. Unfortunately, these burners often have a more pronounced tendency than conventional burner designs to produce combustion driven oscillations. The oscillations may be excited to such an extent that pronounced pulsation may possibly occur; this is associated with a risk of engine failure. The stability of a burner system can be investigated by means of a stability analysis under the assumption of aco

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15

Andi, Sanata, Yuliati Lilis, Nur Sasongko Mega, and Nyoman Gede Wardana I. "FLAME BEHAVIOR INSIDE CONSTANT DIAMETER CYLINDRICAL MESOSCALE COMBUSTOR WITH DIFFERENT BACKWARD FACING STEP SIZE." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 8 (104) (2020): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.197988.

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This research observes the behavior of the flame stability in a cylindrical meso-scale combustor at various backward facing step sizes. The backward facing step was varied by changing the size of the combustor inlet diameter while the size of the combustor outlet diameter was kept constant, keeping a constant contact area. Butane gas (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) was used as fuel with air as the oxidizing agent. The results show that generally, the flame mode and area of the flame mode map are obtained for the conditions of the stable flame at combustor rim, stable flame in combustor, stable f

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16

Lipatnikov, Andrei, Shinnosuke Nishiki, and Tatsuya Hasegawa. "Closure Relations for Fluxes of Flame Surface Density and Scalar Dissipation Rate in Turbulent Premixed Flames." Fluids 4, no. 1 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010043.

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In this study, closure relations for total and turbulent convection fluxes of flame surface density and scalar dissipation rate were developed (i) by placing the focus of consideration on the flow velocity conditioned to the instantaneous flame within the mean flame brush and (ii) by considering the limiting behavior of this velocity at the leading and trailing edges of the flame brush. The model was tested against direct numerical simulation (DNS) data obtained from three statistically stationary, one-dimensional, planar, premixed turbulent flames associated with the flamelet regime of turbul

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17

Fletcher, Thomas H., Denver Haycock, Seth Tollefsen, and David O. Lignell. "Merging of Horizontally and Vertically Separated Small-Scale Buoyant Flames." Fire 4, no. 3 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030051.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the merging behavior of small-scale buoyant flames that might be representative of flames from a leaf in a shrub. Zirconia felt pads soaked in n-heptane were suspended on thin rods and spaced both horizontally and vertically. Time-dependent video images from flames from two-pad and three-pad configurations were analyzed to determine merging probability, combined flame characteristics (height, area, and width), and changes in burn time. Correlations of these combined flame characteristics were developed based on horizontal and vertical spacing betwee

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18

Anggono, Willyanto, Fandi Dwiputra Suprianto, Tubagus P. Wijaya, and Michael S. C. Tanoto. "Behavior of Flame Propagation in Biogas Spark Ignited Premix Combustion with Carbon Dioxide Inhibitor." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.251.

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Biogas is a mixture of gases which commonly consists of methane (up to 50%) and other inhibitor gases which are dominated by carbon dioxide (up to 50%). Biogas is produced naturally by the decomposition of organic materials such as vegetation or animal manure in the absence of oxygen and it also contributes less greenhouse gases which may lead to global warming or climate change. The presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) in biogas is presumed to have some effects on biogas flame propagation characteristics. This study focuses on the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) as the biggest inhibitor compositio

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19

Albayrak, Alp, and Wolfgang Polifke. "An analytical model based on the G-equation for the response of technically premixed flames to perturbations of equivalence ratio." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 10, no. 2 (2017): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827717740776.

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A model for the response of technically premixed flames to equivalence ratio perturbations is proposed. The formulation, which is an extension of an analytical flame tracking model based on the linearized G-equation, considers the flame impulse response to a local, impulsive, infinitesimal perturbation that is transported by convection from the flame base towards the flame surface. It is shown that the contributions of laminar flame speed and heat of reaction to the impulse response exhibit a local behavior, i.e. the flame responds at the moment when and at the location where the equivalence r

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20

Ayoobi, Mohsen, and Ingmar Schoegl. "Numerical analysis of flame instabilities in narrow channels: Laminar premixed methane/air combustion." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 9, no. 3 (2017): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827717706009.

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Premixed flames propagating within small channels show complex combustion phenomena that differ from flame propagation at conventional scales. Available experimental and numerical studies have documented stationary, non-stationary, or asymmetric modes that depend on properties of the incoming reactant flow as well as channel geometry and wall temperatures. This work seeks to illuminate mechanisms leading to symmetry breaking and limit cycle behavior that are fundamental to these combustion modes. Specifically, four cases of lean premixed methane/air combustion—two equivalence ratios (0.53 and

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21

Parsinejad, Farzan, Matyas Matlo, and Mohamad Metghalchi. "A Mathematical Model for Schlieren and Shadowgraph Images of Transient Expanding Spherical Thin Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (2004): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1688368.

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Optical behavior of spherical flames is investigated using both Schlieren and shadowgraph methods. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the intensity of refracted light beams interacting with a transient expanding thin flame. Experimental facilities have been built to visualize transient expanding spherical flames. The facilities include a cylindrical chamber with two end glasses for optical observation. Shadowgraph and Schlieren pictures of flame propagation have been taken using a high-speed charged coupled device camera. Experimental results are in very good agreement with tho

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22

Rui, Zilong, Kuibin Zhou, Ruixing Dong, and Xia Shi. "Experimental Study on Double Jet Flames with Different Nozzle Diameters." Advances in Computer and Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 2 (2024): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.61935/acetr.2.1.2024.p460.

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Double jet flames are commonly observed in the energy industry. A facility consisting of a double jet flames apparatus, was designed to experimentally simulate the interaction of double jet fires with different spaces and nozzle diameters. It has been found that the exit momentum, nozzle diameters and nozzle spacing significantly affect the flame behavior. The experimental results show that the flame merging probability (Pm) of double jet fires with different nozzle diameters can be fitted with dimensionless parameters that couple the Froude number(Fr) and the distance between fire sources. Ad

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23

Lee, Jaeyoung, Chang Bum Sohn, Young Sik Jeong, and Young Bae Kim. "A Numerical Analysis of Premixed Hydrogen–Methane Flame with Three Different Header Types of Combustor." Fire 7, no. 10 (2024): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7100361.

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This study investigated the impact of thin-flame combustor design on hydrogen flame characteristics and combustion performance through numerical simulations. Differences in the flame shape and combustibility between pure methane and pure hydrogen combustion were analyzed. Three combustor header shapes (flat, concave, and convex) were modeled to assess the influence of header shape on flame behavior. The results revealed distinct flow patterns, with the concave header promoting strong central flows and the convex header dispersing the flow outward. Temperature field analysis indicated that the

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24

Nuñez Celis, Howard, Mauricio Rincón Ortiz, and Andrés González Hern´ández. "Corrosion Behavior of Flame Sprayed Cr2O3 Coatings on Carbon Steel in Chloride Solutions." Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín 21, no. 40 (2022): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22395/rium.v21n40a9.

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Cr2O3 coatings were deposited on carbon steel through the flame spraying technique using two types of flames (neutral and oxidizing). The protective and morphological characteristics of the coatings were determined. The coatings had layer thickness values of 114 and 214µm for oxidizing and neutral samples, respectively. Porosity percentages of 4.5 % and 2.5 % were determined, where the neutral sample presented the greatest porosity due to the insufficient fusion of the oxide particles during the process, resulting in the formation of a heterogeneous and less compact layer. Microcracks and pore

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25

Moore, N. J., J. L. McCraw, and K. M. Lyons. "Observations on Jet-Flame Blowout." International Journal of Reacting Systems 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/461059.

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The mechanisms that cause jet-flame blowout, particularly in the presence of air coflow, are not completely understood. This work examines the role of fuel velocity and air coflow in the blowout phenomenon by examining the transient behavior of the reaction zoneat blowout. The results of video imaging of a lifted methane-air diffusion flame at near blowout conditions are presented. Two types of experiments are described. In the first investigation, a flame is established and stabilized at a known, predetermined downstream location with a constant coflow velocity, and then the fuel velocity is

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26

Wang, Yalong, Chaoying Li, Haidong Liu, Jin Lin, Shouxiang Lu, and Kim Meow Liew. "On The Flame Behavior during Cable Insulation Material Ignited by Fault Arc: A Flame Extracting and Noise Reduction Algorithm." Fire 6, no. 2 (2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6020045.

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The electric fault arc, particularly the series arc, leads to plenty of electrical fire. The limitations of t previous studies include: (1) most existing research focused on gaseous atmospheres rather than solids materials, which is contrary to the actual demand; and (2) the studied external heat sources were restricted to cone heaters and flames, while the electric arc was seldom studied. To overcome these limitations, we developed an experimental platform to investigate the flame behavior when cable insulation material was ignited by the fault arc. We proposed a flame-extracting and noise-re

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27

Fan, Baochun, Zhanfeng Ying, Zhihua Chen, and Jingfang Ye. "Observations of flame behavior during flame-obstacle interaction." Process Safety Progress 27, no. 1 (2008): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10223.

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Wang, Yawei, Weipeng Fan, Gao Ye, et al. "Wind action on whirling flame characteristics." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220509132w.

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The behavior of whirling flame above a pool fire under cross wind was studied using a small wind tunnel. Whirling flames with different heat release rates were generated by an experimental rig. Effect of different wind speeds on the whirling flame was studied by an oil pool of two different diameters. Lateral images of the whirling flame collected were analyzed. Results show that under cross flow, the whirling flame was deflected along the direction of incoming flow. With the increase in wind speed, the deflection angle increased gradually. The angle also increased with the increase in pool di

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Wirawan, I. K. G., I. N. G. Wardana, Rudy Soenoko, and Slamet Wahyudi. "Premixed Combustion of Coconut Oil on Perforated Burner." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, no. 3 (2013): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.3.133-139.

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Coconut oil premixed combustion behavior has been studied experimentally on perforated burner with equivalence ratio (φ) varied from very lean until very rich. The results showed that burning of glycerol needs large number of air so that the laminar burning velocity (SL) is the highest at very lean mixture and the flame is in the form of individual Bunsen flame on each of the perforated plate hole. As φ is increased the SL decreases and the secondary Bunsen flame with open tip occurs from φ =0.54 at the downstream of perforated flame. The perforated flame disappears at φ = 0.66 while the secon

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Chien, Yu-Chien, and Derek Dunn-Rankin. "Combustion Characteristics of Methane Hydrate Flames." Energies 12, no. 10 (2019): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101939.

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This research studies the structure of flames that use laboratory-produced methane hydrates as fuel, specifically for the purpose of identifying their key combustion characteristics. Combustion of a methane hydrate involves multiple phase changes, as large quantities of solid clathrate transform into fuel gas, water vapor, and liquid water during burning. With its unique and stable fuel energy storage capability, studies in combustion are focused on the potential usage of hydrates as an alternative fuel source or on their fire safety. Considering methane hydrate as a conventional combustion en

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Wang, Xinzhi, Mengyue Li, Quanyi Liu, Yudong Chang, and Hui Zhang. "Multi-Scale Flame Situation Detection Based on Pixel-Level Segmentation of Visual Images." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (2023): 11088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131911088.

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The accurate analysis of multi-scale flame development plays a crucial role in improving firefighting decisions and facilitating smart city establishment. However, flames’ non-rigid nature and blurred edges present challenges in achieving accurate segmentation. Consequently, little attention is paid to extracting further flame situation information through fire segmentation. To address this issue, we propose Flame-SeaFormer, a multi-scale flame situation detection model based on the pixel-level segmentation of visual images. Flame-SeaFormer comprises three key steps. Firstly, in the context br

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Sasongko, Mega Nur. "The Effect of Water Droplet Size on the Extinguished Concentric Jet Premixed and Diffusion Flame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.173.

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The present research experimentally investigated the effect of different water droplet size on the burning behavior and extinction condition of concentric jet premixed and diffusion flame. Water droplet stream in line with flowing air from lower duct. The burning behavior of concentric jet flame was observed and the extinction of flame was gained by decreasing the flow rate of fuel until the flame exthinguised. The results showed that the burning behavior of concentric jet diffusion and premixed flame had the same tendency. Different water droplet size influenced the burning behavior of flame.

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Gupta, A. K. "Thermal Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Flames Using High Temperature Air." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 1 (2004): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1610009.

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Recent advances on high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) have demonstrated significant energy savings, higher and uniform thermal field, lower pollution, and smaller size of the equipment for a range of furnace applications. The HiTAC technology has evolved from the conception of excess enthalpy combustion (EEC) to high and ultra-high preheated air combustion. In the HiTAC method, combined heat regeneration and low oxygen methods are utilized to enlarge and control the flame thermal behavior. This technology has shown promise for much wider applications in various process and power industrie

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Yilmaz, N., A. B. Donaldson, W. Gill, and R. E. Lucero. "Imaging of flame behavior in flickering methane/air diffusion flames." Journal of Visualization 12, no. 1 (2009): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03181942.

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Chen, Xian Feng, Y. Zhang, M. Chen, Shao Feng Ren, and Xiao L. Song. "Experiment on Thin Structure Behavior of Explosion Flame Flow Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2793.

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To prevent and control fire and explosion disasters, the premixed methane-air explosion was performed under restricted condition. In the experiment, the high speed schlieren photography system was used to record the flame characteristics and propagation mechanism. At the same time the ion current probe was used to reveal the inner flame structure characteristics. Based on the images of High Speed Schlieren Photography, the flame acceleration and flame structure were discussed in detail. In addition, the flow field characteristic of explosion flame was disclosed clearly. The microscopic evolvin

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Yuliati, Lilis. "Flame stability and behavior inside meso-scale combustor with different flame holder." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902011.

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Flame stability and behavior inside meso-scale combustor with different flame holder was investigated experimentally. Three types of flame holder i.e. wire mesh, flat plate with circular holes and flat plate with narrow slits, were used to improve the flame stability inside the meso-scale combustor. Combustor with flat plate - narrow slits flame holder has the best flame stability, i.e. stable flame established inside the combustor at the highest reactant velocity compared to the other combustor with the different flame holder. Furthermore, combustor with wire mesh and flat plate with narrow s

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37

Renner, Juliana Sally, Rhoda Afriyie Mensah, Lin Jiang, Qiang Xu, Oisik Das, and Filippo Berto. "Fire Behavior of Wood-Based Composite Materials." Polymers 13, no. 24 (2021): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244352.

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Wood-based composites such as wood plastic composites (WPC) are emerging as a sustainable and excellent performance materials consisting of wood reinforced with polymer matrix with a variety of applications in construction industries. In this context, wood-based composite materials used in construction industries have witnessed a vigorous growth, leading to a great production activity. However, the main setbacks are their high flammability during fires. To address this issue, flame retardants are utilized to improve the performance of fire properties as well as the flame retardancy of WPC mate

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38

Zhang, Xiaoliang, Shibing Kuang, Yanli Zhao, Jun Zhang, and Shengfeng Luo. "Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis of Flame Spread Dynamics over Discrete Thermally Thin Fuels with Various Inclination Angles and Gap Sizes." Fire 7, no. 6 (2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7060177.

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Flame spread over discrete fuels is a typical phenomenon in fire scenes. Experimental and theoretical research on flame spread over discrete thermally thin fuels separated by air gaps with different inclination angles was conducted in the present study. Experiments with six inclination angles ranging from 0° to 85° and various fuel coverage rates from 0.421 to 1 were designed. The flame spread behavior, the characteristic flame size, and the flame spread rate were analyzed. The results show that the flow pattern, stability, and flame size exhibit different characteristics with different inclin

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39

Krikunova, Anastasia. "Numerical simulation of combustion instabilities under the alternating gravity conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900005.

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The work is devoted to the analysis of the methane-air conical flame behaviour under conditions of an alternating gravitational field. Numerical simulation based on the software package FlowVision, has shown the possibility of modeling the flame front instabilities during the transition from the normal gravitational conditions to zero gravity. The appearance of the flame front oscillations is demonstrated under the such conditions. Further studies will provide a complete picture of the behavior of the flame in an alternating gravitational field.

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40

Liu, Qiong, Bing Du, Qiang Yan, Long Shi, Ming Li, and Zhi Li. "Study on Coupled Combustion Behavior of Two Parallel Line Fires." Fire 5, no. 1 (2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5010014.

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In this study, the interaction of two parallel line fires with a length-width ratio of greater than 50 was investigated and compared to a single line fire. Considering different length–width ratios and spacings between the fire sources, experiments were carried out to analyze the fire characteristics, such as the burning rate, the flame-merging state, the flame height, the flame tilt angle, and the flame length of the line fires. Its regularity was revealed by combining two mechanisms, namely, heat feedback enhancement and air entrainment restriction. The results revealed that the burning rate

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41

Abbood, Ahmed A., and Majid M. Kharnoob. "Experimental Studies on the Fire Flame Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Construction Joints." E3S Web of Conferences 427 (2023): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342702018.

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This study was experimentally investigated experimentally, investigating the effect of such mechanical properties and deflection behavior on the performance of reinforced concrete beams with construction joints exposed to fire flame. These beams were built using a slanted connection at a 45° angle in the middle of the beams. Four beams were for a wide temperature range (25–800°C) for the fire flames used on the concrete beams. Two temperature levels (600°C and 800°C) were chosen, with (1 and 2) hrs. period time, respectively. One beam wasn't burnt (Reference specimen). When put through a fire,

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42

Kutkut, Almoutazbellah, Mohsen Ayoobi, Marc E. Baumgardner, and V’yacheslav Akkerman. "Investigating the Ignition and Stability Limits of Premixed Methane/Air Combustion in Micro-Channels." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186752.

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Understanding and improving the performance of miniature devices powered by micro-combustion have been the focus of continued attention of researchers recently. The goal of the present work is to investigate the behavior of premixed methane–air combustion in a quartz microreactor with an externally controlled wall temperature. Specifically, the impacts of the flow inlet velocity, the equivalence ratio, and the microreactor channel size are examined. This study is conducted by means of computational simulations, and the results are validated against prior experimental data, as well as by other

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43

Shaklein, Artem, Alexander Karpov, Stanislav Trubachev, Gabriela Morar, Nikita Balobanov, and Ekaterina Mitriukova. "A Mixture Fraction Approach to Predict Polymer Burning." Polymers 16, no. 23 (2024): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16233313.

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A mixture fraction approach was applied to predict the combustion behavior of polymeric materials. In comparison to the combustion of gaseous mixtures, the presence of solid fuels complicates the description of the combustion. Accurate predictions of burning characteristics can only be achieved through the proper resolution of heat and mass transfer between the gas-phase flame and the solid fuel. We focused on a model case of flame spread over a solid fuel surface. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected as a polymeric material. An approach was proposed to account for heat loss from the ga

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44

Ravichandran, Rahul Ravi, Sambit Supriya Dash, and Vinayak Malhotra. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE ROLE OF THERMO-ACOUSTICS ON SOOT FORMATION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (2018): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1391.

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Combustion is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction of multiple phenomena, the cumulative effect of which give rise to the common flame that comprises wide range of practical, functional to propulsion applications. An interesting aspect that needs attention is the effect of the various surrounding environment phenomenon on its behavior and properties of premixed flames. It is noteworthy that soot formation is the main cause of pollution and a major cause of inefficiency of current propulsion systems. These phenomena root variety of energy interactions leading to energy transformat

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45

Rahul, Ravi Ravichandran, Supriya Dash Sambit, and Malhotra Vinayak. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE ROLE OF THERMOACOUSTICS ON SOOT FORMATION." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 6, no. 6 (2018): 461–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1311103.

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Combustion is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction of multiple phenomena, the cumulative effect of which give rise to the common flame that comprises wide range of practical, functional to propulsion applications. An interesting aspect that needs attention is the effect of the various surrounding environment phenomenon on its behavior and properties of premixed flames. It is noteworthy that soot formation is the main cause of pollution and a major cause of inefficiency of current propulsion systems. These phenomena root variety of energy interactions leading to energy transformat

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46

Li, Linjie, Wuchao Zhang, Zihe Gao, and Liangwen Wei. "Experimental study on the flame merging and ceiling impingement behavior of transversely located double fire sources in an urban utility tunnel." Indoor and Built Environment 32, no. 1 (2023): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x221147427.

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The investigation of the fire characteristics and propagation behaviour in the urban utility tunnel is of great practical importance, especially for the conditions with double fire sources. In this work, a 1/8th scaled urban utility tunnel model was built to conduct the experiments to characterize the flame merging and ceiling impingement behaviour of transversely located double fire sources. Two rectangular fire sources with the same dimension were used, and their heat release rate (HRR) and fire source spacings were varied to consider the typical scenarios. Results show that for the smaller

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47

Blunsdon, C. A., Z. Beeri, W. M. G. Malalasekera, and J. C. Dent. "Comprehensive Modeling of Turbulent Flames With the Coherent Flame-Sheet Model—Part I: Buoyant Diffusion Flames." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 118, no. 1 (1996): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792695.

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A modified version of the computational fluid dynamics code KIVA-II was used to model the transient behavior of buoyant turbulent diffusion flames burning in still air. Besides extensions to the range of permitted boundary conditions and the addition of buoyancy terms to the turbulence model, KIVA-II was augmented by a version of the coherent flame-sheet model, Tesner’s soot generation model, Magnussen’s soot oxidation model, and an implementation of the discrete transfer radiation model that included both banded and continuum radiation. The model captured many of the features of buoyant turbu

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48

Bai, Lei, Fangming Cheng, and Yuting Dong. "Ignition Characteristics and Flame Behavior of Automotive Lubricating Oil on Hot Surfaces." Processes 12, no. 11 (2024): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12112522.

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Hot surfaces in industrial processes and automotive systems present a remarkable fire hazard. Lubricating oil is a widely used oil in these scenarios. Quantifying the ignition characteristics and flame behavior of lubricating oil on hot surfaces is critical for enhancing fire safety in energy-related applications. This paper utilizes a self-developed experimental platform for the hot surface ignition to systematically conduct combustion tests on lubricating oil with varying volumes at different surface temperatures. Through statistical analysis and image processing, the ignition temperature, f

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49

Alipoor, Alireza, and Pouyan Abbaspour. "Characteristic of Premixed Hydrogen/Air Tubular Flames in Microcombustor: Effects of Stimulated and Unstimulated Inlet Conditions on Flame Dynamics." International Journal of Energy Research 2024 (May 30, 2024): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3819821.

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The present study investigates the characteristics and periodic behavior of H2/air tubular flames in a 1 mm diameter microtube under exciting and nonexciting inlet conditions. Under unstimulated inlet conditions, increasing inlet velocity positively impacted flow stratification and self-sustaining of the tubular flames, leading to higher maximum temperatures within the flame kernel due to reduced flow temperature gradients near the wall. Conversely, under stimulated conditions, varying excitation amplitudes resulted in two flame propagation modes: flame with semi-repetitive extinction/ignition

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50

Sun, Yujia, Lin Jiang, and Yue Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Flow and Flame Dynamics of a Pool Fire Under Combined Effects of Wind and Slope." Fire 7, no. 11 (2024): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7110421.

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Wind has a significant effect on pool fire behavior, which is relevant to many fire conditions, such as wildfires, building fires, and oil transportation fires. Although fire behavior and morphology changes have received considerable attention and been widely researched, there are few works concerning the flow and flam dynamics of pool fire. A large eddy simulation model is adopted to investigate the flow and flame dynamics of a rectangular pool fire considering the combined effects of wind and slope. The results show that, with a wind speed of 0.5 m/s, a flame develops immediately downstream

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