Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Flexible porous MOF”

We report an environment-friendly preparation method of rGO-based flexible self-supporting membrane electrodes, combining Co-MOF with graphene oxide and quickly preparing a hollow CoO@rGO flexible self-supporting membrane composite with a porous structure. This unique hollow porous structure can shorten the ion transport path and provide more active sites for lithium ions. The high conductivity of reduced graphene oxide further facilitates the rapid charge transfer and provides sufficient buffer space for the hollow Co-MOF nanocubes during the charging process. We evaluated its electrochemical performance in a coin cell, which showed good rate capability and cycling stability. The CoO@rGO flexible electrode maintains a high specific capacity of 1103 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The high capacity of prepared material is attributed to the synergistic effect of the hollow porous structure and the 3D reduced graphene oxide network. This would be considered a promising new strategy for synthesizing hollow porous-structured rGO-based self-supported flexible electrodes.

Postsynthetic metal-node metathesis of a flexible, yet robust porous anionic Cd–MOF with different metal ions of varying ionic radii, charges and chemical nature leads to diverse isostructural MOFs. The Eu@MOF and Tb@MOF – accessed by PSME – are brilliantly luminescent. The modified MOFs permit organic dye separation.

The highly flexible hybrid nanoporous MOF MIL-53(Cr) was evoked as a potential medium to store mechanical energy via a structural switching from an open to a close pore form under moderate applied external pressures.

AbstractFunctional, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention as a very flexible class of crystalline, porous materials. For more advanced applications that exploit photophysical properties, the fabrication of hierarchical assemblies, including the creation of MOF/MOF heterointerfaces, is important. For the manufacturing of superstructures with length scales well beyond that of the MOF pore size, layer-by-layer (lbl) methods are particularly attractive. These allow the isoreticular approach to be extended to superstructures with micrometer length scales, a range that is not accessible using conventional MOF design. The lbl approach further substantially extends the compositional diversity in MOFs. At the same time, the favorable elastic properties of MOFs allow for heteroepitaxial growth, even in the case of lattice misfits as large as 20%. While the MOF-on-MOF approach to designing multicomponent superstructures with synergistic multifunctionality can also be realized with sophisticated solvothermal synthesis schemes, the lbl (or liquid-phase epitaxy) approach carries substantial advantages, in particular when it comes to the integration of such MOF superstructures into optical or electronic devices. While the structure vertical to the substrate can be adjusted using the lbl method, photolithographic methods can be used for lateral structuring. In this review, we will discuss the lbl liquid-phase epitaxy approach to growing surface-anchored MOF thins films (SURMOFs) as well as other relevant one-pot synthesis methods for constructing such hierarchically designed structures and their emerging applications.

Novel 3D sponge-like hierarchical porous carbons using different-sized MOFs (Zn(tbip)) as precursors are successfully prepared via a one-step pyrolysis process, and are promising for application in high-performance flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors.

L'attività di ricerca si è occupata della progettazione, sintesi e caratterizzazione di materiali porosi. Diverse linee di ricerca sono state perseguite. Materiali porosi per l'assorbimento selettivo e lo stoccaggio di gas. Le proprietà di una serie di polimeri porosi organici sono state studiate attraverso misure di assorbimento di gas e misure di risonanza magnetica nucleare dello stato solido in presenza di una fase gassosa per comprendere la natura delle interazioni tra le molecole ospiti e le pareti dei canali. In particolare, si è verificata l'elevata energia di interazione tra le molecole di anidride carbonica e gruppi amminici alifatici che genera un'efficiente trasferimento di magnetizzazione tra gli idrogeni del gruppo amminico e il carbonio dell'anidride carbonica. Polimeri iper-reticolati porosi e polimeri organici porosi sono stati studiati mediante assorbimento di metano ad alta pressione (fino a 180 bar) per possibili applicazioni per lo stoccaggio di gas naturale in presenza di reticoli porosi (ANG). Durante il periodo all'estero presso il Bernal Institute sotto la supervisione del Prof. M.J. Zaworotko mi sono occupato dello sviluppo di una serie di framework metallo-organici che presentano flessibilità strutturale. In presenza di un opportuno gas o vapore i reticoli sintetizzati danno luogo a una transizione di fase tra una fase compatta e una fase porosa in maniera repentina. Questo meccanismo è attualmente molto studiato per le possibili applicazioni nell'ambito dello stoccaggio e separazione dei gas. Reticoli metallo-organici contenenti rotori molecolari. Due nuovi reticoli porosi metallo-organici sono stati sviluppati e le loro proprietà di assorbimento e termiche sono state caratterizzate. Inoltre, i due sistemi contengono un rotore molecolare molto mobile anche alle basse temperature come dimostrato da esperimenti di risonanza magnetica nucleare dello stato solido. Materiali porosi per applicazioni nella fotonica. Sono stati sintetizzati alcuni materiali organici covalenti contenenti difenilantracene. Questi campioni presentano elevata resa quantica di fotoluminescenza. In dispersione e in presenza di un sensibilizzatore opportuno questi materiali danno vita ad un fenomeno di up-conversion dovuto all'annichilazione di tripletto con efficienze fino al 15 %. Inoltre, legando chimicamente il sensibilizzatore al reticolo poroso è possibile ottenere dei sistemi per up-conversion autonomi. Infine, nanocristalli di reticoli metallo-organici porosi sono stati cresciuti e le loro proprietà di foto- e radioluminescenza sono state investigate approfonditamente. Inoltre, questi cristalli, dispersi all'interno di una matrice polimerica, sono stai utilizzati per sviluppare degli innovativi scintillatori ibridi per la rivelazione di raggi x e gamma.
The research activity focused on the design, synthesis and characterization of porous organic and hybrid materials. Porous materials for selective gas adsorption and storage. Tailored porous organic frameworks bearing different functional groups have been investigated via gas adsorption analyses and in situ spectroscopic techniques to understand the interaction between the guest phase and the primary adsorption sites installed on pore walls. Specifically, aliphatic amines interact strongly with carbon dioxide molecules resulting in an isosteric heat of adsorption as high as 54 kJ/mol at low loading and this close-contact interaction has been characterized with 2D heterocorrelated NMR sppectroscopy. Hyper.crosslinked polymers and porous organic frameworks have been synthetized and their performance towards high pressure (up to 180 bar) methane adsorption have been evaluated to assess their potential applications in adsorbed natural gas technology (ANG). During a period at Bernal institute (Limerick, Ireland) under the supervision of Prof. M. J. Zaworotko, I developed novel switching metal-organic frameworks that display guest-induced phase transitions between close phases and a porous open phase. During the close to open phase transitions the coordination sphere of the zinc cations inside the structures changes from a square pyramidal to a tetrahedral geometry. Moreover, the threshold pressure for gas adsorption can be manipulated through a mixed-linker approach. These materials are currently investigated for applications in gas storage and separation. Metal-organic frameworks with intrinsic dynamics. Metal organic frameworks built up with rigid aliphatic linkers have been developed and their adsorptive and thermal properties fully characterized. These materials display ultra-fast rotational dynamic even at very low temperature. An in-depth solid state NMR study has been conducted to understand the fast rotation of the organic strut and the influence of guest species hosted inside the pores on its dynamic. Organic and hybrid materials for photonic applications. Emitting porous aromatic frameworks (ePAFs) nanoparticles containing highly fluorescent diphenylanthracene moieties have been developed. This materials display high photoluminescence quantum yield and a fast exciton diffusion inside the amorphous framework. When these nanoparticles are suspended in a solution of a suitable sensitizer the mixture display highly efficient sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion with quantum yield up to 15 %. Moreover, PAFs with integrated sensitizers (i-ePAFs) display sensitized up-conversion working as an autonomous nanodevice. Metal-organic frameworks with diphenylanthracene units and zirconium oxo-hydroxo clusters have been developed and their luminescence and radioluminescence have been characterized. These nanocrystals have been embedded in polymeric matrixes to generate efficient and innovative scintillating materials with fast response for x-ray and gamma-ray detection.

A flexible Metal–Organic Framework Zn4O(BenzTB)3/2 (DUT-13) was obtained by combination of a tetratopic linker and Zn4O6+ as connector. The material has a corundum topology and shows the highest pore volume among flexible MOFs
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

A flexible Metal–Organic Framework Zn4O(BenzTB)3/2 (DUT-13) was obtained by combination of a tetratopic linker and Zn4O6+ as connector. The material has a corundum topology and shows the highest pore volume among flexible MOFs.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Es wurden verschiedene NMR-spektrokopische Messungen an flexiblen und chiralen MOFs durchgeführt. Zur Untersuchung der Porensysteme kamen 129Xe-NMR und 13C-NMR an adsorbiertem CO2 zum Einsatz, während die MOF-Gitter und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit adsorbierten Gastmolekülen mittels 13C- und 1H-MAS-NMR-Spektroskopie studiert wurden. Während DUT-8(Ni) Flexibilität zeigt, weist DUT-8(Cu) ein starres Gitter auf. Die Flexibilität der sogenannten Solid-Solutions hängt in ausgeprägter Weise vom Verhältnis der funktionalisierten bdc-Linker 2,5-bme-bdc und db-bdc ab. Dieses Verhältnis hat zudem einen großen Einfluss auf die Orientierung der adsorbierten CO2-Moleküle. Es wurde erstmals eine Methode vorgestellt, die den Festkörper-NMR-spektroskopischen Nachweis chiraler Seitengruppen in chiralen MOFs erlaubt, wie anhand des chiral modifizierten UMCM-1 (ChirUMCM-1) demonstriert wurde. Die Chiralität kann einen NMR-spektroskopisch messbaren Einfluss auf die intrinsische Dynamik des MOF-Gitters ausüben, wie am chiral modifizierten DUT-32 deutlich wurde, dessen chirale Seitengruppe selektiv 15N- und 13C-isotopenmarkiert wurde.

Les réseaux organo-métalliques (MOF) ont été identifiés ces dernières années comme des alternatives avancées pour le stockage des gaz, les séparations moléculaires, la détection ou la catalyse, grâce à leurs remarquables propriétés hôte-invité et à leur polyvalence. Plus récemment, la combinaison du phénomène de transition de spin ferreux (Spin crossover : SCO) avec les MOF a permis d'obtenir des architectures poreuses commutables où le spin électronique des centres métalliques du fer(II) peut être contrôlé par différents stimuli. Ce travail se concentre sur l'un de ces SCO MOF, également appelés clathrates d’Hofmann, (FeNi[CN]4.Pyrazine) avec une propriété de commutation qui est étudiée ici pour ses propriétés de stockage et de séparation de gaz.Ce matériau est d'abord synthétisé à l'aide d'un mélange de réactifs respectueux de l'environnement, employant des sels de fer et de nickel avec de la pyrazine comme agent de liaison organique. La poudre microcristalline obtenue est ensuite caractérisée par différentes techniques expérimentales, notamment la porosimétrie à l'azote et à l'argon, l'analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG), la diffraction des rayons X, la microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM) et la spectroscopie IR, confirmant ainsi la réussite de la synthèse de ce matériau.L'un des objectifs de cette recherche était de concevoir et de construire un nouveau dispositif volumétrique, pour étudier l'adsorption à haute pression de gaz purs et de mélanges, permettant de visualiser simultanément l'échantillon au moyen d'une caméra fixée près de la fenêtre en saphir de la cellule de mesure. Tout d'abord, l'adsorption de gaz purs à haute pression (jusqu'à 7 MPa) (CO2, CH4 & N2) dans le (FeNi[CN]4.Pz) a été réalisée à différentes températures et les résultats ont montré une flexibilité structurelle intéressante de ce MOF lors de l'adsorption du CO2, quel que soit son état de spin initial. Ces transitions structurelles lors de l'adsorption de CO2 ont ensuite été observées à l'aide de techniques de spectroscopie vibrationnelle in-situ : FTIR et Raman. En outre, il a été démontré que la propriété SCO de ce matériau est bien associée aux changements de couleur de l'échantillon lui-même, ce qui montre que la technique combinée d'adsorption et d'analyse d'images est un outil utile pour étudier le changement SCO dû à l'adsorption pour ce type d’adsorbant.La mesure de l'adsorption de mélanges gazeux a pu être réalisée en utilisant le même dispositif manométrique couplé à un analyseur de gaz infrarouge. Les données expérimentales ont démontré que le (FeNi[CN]4.Pz) adsorbe préférentiellement le CO2 par rapport au CH4, ce qui en fait un candidat approprié pour la séparation CO2/CH4 dans certaines conditions. Il a été montré que cette adsorption préférentielle du CO2 est renforcée par la flexibilité du matériau.En plus de ces résultats expérimentaux, une modélisation de l'adsorption à l'équilibre, de la cinétique d'adsorption et de la sélectivité a été réalisée et comparée aux propriétés mesurées.En résumé, cette thèse présente une étude du (FeNi[CN]4.Pz), mettant en évidence sa synthèse, sa caractérisation, sa flexibilité et ses performances exceptionnelles dans les séparations CO2/CH4 et CO2/N2, grâce à des approches à la fois expérimentales et théoriques
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been identified in recent years as advanced alternatives for gas storage, molecular separations, sensing or catalysis, thanks to their remarkable host-guest properties and versatility. More recently, the combination of the ferrous spin-crossover (SCO) with MOFs has made it possible to obtain switchable porous architectures where the electron spin of the iron(II) metal centers can be controlled by different stimuli. This work focuses on one of these SCO MOFs, also called Hofmann clathrates, (FeNi[CN]4.Pyrazine) with a switchable property that is studied here for its gas storage and separation properties.This material is first synthesized using an environmentally friendly mixing of reagents, employing iron and nickel salts with pyrazine as the organic linker. The resulting microcrystalline powder is then characterized via different experimental techniques including nitrogen and argon porosimetry, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and IR spectroscopy, thus confirming the successful synthesis of this material.One of the aims of this research was to design and construct a novel homemade volumetric setup to study the high-pressure adsorption of pure gases and mixtures allowing to simultaneously visualize the sample by means of a camera attached near the sapphire window of the measuring cell. First, high pressure (up to 7 MPa) pure gases (CO2, CH4 & N2) adsorption in (FeNi[CN]4.Pz) were conducted at various temperatures and results have shown an interesting structural flexibility of this MOF during CO2 adsorption, whatever the initial spin state of the material. These structural transitions upon CO2 adsorption were then observed using in-situ vibrational spectroscopy techniques: FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, it was shown that the SCO property of this material is well associated with the changes in color of the sample itself showing that the combined adsorption/image analysis technique is a useful tool to investigate the SCO change due to adsorption for this type of material.The adsorption measurement of gas mixtures could be achieved by utilizing the same homemade manometric setup coupled with an IR gas analyzer. Experimental data demonstrated that (FeNi[CN]4.Pz) has a preferential adsorption for CO2 over CH4, making it a suitable candidate for CO2/CH4 separation in some conditions. It was shown that this preferential adsorption of CO2 is enhanced by the structural flexibility of the material.In addition to these experimental results, modeling of both equilibrium adsorption, kinetics of adsorption and selectivity was performed and compared to the measured properties.In summary, this thesis presents a comprehensive study of (FeNi[CN]4.Pz), highlighting its synthesis, characterization, structural flexibility, and exceptional performance in CO2/CH4 as well as CO2/N2 separations, highlighted by both experimental and theoretical approaches

Ce travail décrit l'étude de différents paramètres qui influent sur les propriétés d'adsorption de composés poreux organométalliques (MOFs). Nous avons utilisé les techniques de volumétrie et de gravimétrie d'adsorption et les systèmes adsorbables sont la série des alcanes linéaires (du n-pentane au n-nonane). Les solides étudiés sont les MIL-47(V), MIL-53(Cr, Al, Fe), les MIL-53(Fe)-X modifiés et la série MIL-88(Fe)-A, B, C. Parmi les nombreuses conclusions de cette étude, nous pouvons en détailler plusieurs : (i) la flexibilité des MIL-53(Cr, Al, Fe), rendue possible par la présence de µ2-OH coordinés aux centres métalliques, dépend de l'identité des centres métalliques et de celle de l'adsorbable. (ii) la modification chimique, par substitution d'un atome d'hydrogène porté par les noyaux aromatiques des ligands, induit une variation dans le degré de flexibilité des structures et dans la stabilité des différentes phases. (iii) la nature des ligands, dans la série des MIL-88(Fe), en termes de nombre de noyaux aromatiques constituent les ligands, modifie les interactions physiques au sein des réseaux organométalliques ce qui a un effet sur leur stabilité et leur flexibilité.(iv) la facilité de la diffusion des alcanes linéaires, de longueur différente, dans les pores des solides dépend notamment des points développés ci-dessus
This study describes a study of the adsorptive properties of several flexible porous organometallic frameworks (MOFs) using the volumetric and gravimetric methods and apolar normal alkanes (n-pentane to n-nonane) as adsorbate molecules. The materials studied are MIL-47(V), MIL-53(Cr, Al, Fe), the modified MIL-53(Fe)-X and the MIL-88(Fe)-A, B, C.This allows the study of different parameters on the behaviour of the solids during the adsorption process. Amongst the findings of this study, several can be emphasized :(i) the flexibility of the MIL-53(Cr, Al, Fe), made possible by the presence of µ2-OH coordinated to the metal centres, depends on the identity of the metal centres and that of the adsorbate.(ii) the chemical modification by the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ligands of the MIL-53(Fe) induces a change in the degree of flexibility of the framework and the stability of the various phases.(iii) the nature of the ligands in the MIL-88(Fe) series, in terms of the number of the aromatic rings comprising the linker, changes the physical interactions within the framework and thus its stability and flexibility.(iv) the ease of diffusion into the pores of the alkanes of various alkyl chain length depends on the three points mentioned above

Les matériaux hybrides de type MOFs sont des solides poreux dans lesquels des centres métalliques sont reliés entre eux par des ligands organiques. Il est possible, non seulement de faire varier la taille et la géométrie de leurs porosités, mais aussi de moduler leurs compositions chimiques en modifiant à la fois la nature de la brique inorganique et des groupements sur le ligand organique. Cette nouvelle famille de matériaux a fait l'objet d'une attention particulière ces dernières années pour des applications potentielles dans différents domaines à fort intérêt socio-économique comme le captage ou la séparation de gaz ou bien encore la catalyse. Au-delà d'une stabilité chimique et thermique, ces matériaux doivent être aussi suffisamment résistants mécaniquement pour s'adapter au mieux aux contraintes de l'application visée (mise en forme de l'échantillon, conditions opératoires….). Il est donc impératif de connaître les propriétés mécaniques de ces nouveaux matériaux, sujet qui n'a fait l'objet à ce jour que de très peu d'études. L'objectif de ce travail est donc de mettre en œuvre des mesures de diffraction des rayons X et neutrons sur grands instruments afin de caractériser dans un premier temps le comportement structural du matériau flexible MIL-53 (MIL pour Matériaux de l'Institut Lavoisier) sous l'application d'une pression mécanique modérée (P~1 GPa) en fonction de la nature du métal (Al,Cr) et de la fonction greffée sur le ligand organique (-H, -Cl, -CH3). Ces données expérimentales sont ensuite discutées à partir de résultats issus de la simulation moléculaire. L'étape suivante consiste à étudier l'effet du confinement de molécules de solvants dans les pores de ce solide sur la transition structurale du réseau hôte. Enfin, deux familles de MOFs rigides, la MIL-125(Ti) et l'UiO-66(Zr) (UiO pour Unversité d'Oslo) sont considérées afin de caractériser non seulement leur domaine de stabilité mécanique en pression (Pmax~ 5 GPa) mais aussi leur compressibilité. Les résultats ainsi obtenus sont comparés aux performances mécaniques des meilleurs MOFs
Metal Organic Framework (MOF) materials have been the focus of intense research activities over the past 10 years, with the emergence of a wide range of novel architectures, constructed from inorganic clusters linked by organic moieties. In order to maintain their useful functionalities and high performances in the different fields explored so far (gas storage/separation, catalysis, sensors and many others), besides high chemical and thermal stabilities, MOFs must be also stable enough to resist to different mechanical constraints in both processing and applications. Indeed, there is nowadays a growing interest to characterize the mechanical behaviours of this class of materials under moderate and high applied pressure. This work first aimed to probe the pressure dependence of the structural behaviour of the highly flexible MIL-53 system [MIL stands for Materials of Institut Lavoisier] as a function of the nature of (i) the metal center (Al,Cr) and (ii) the functional group grafted on the organic linker (-H,-Cl,-CH3) using a combination of high-pressure x-ray/neutron diffraction and molecular simulations. The same methodology was further applied to probe how the presence of guest molecules affects the structural transition of this class of hybrid porous solids. Finally, the mechanical stability and the compressibility of two families of rigid MOFs, the MIL-125(Ti) and the UiO-66(Zr) [UiO stands for University of Oslo] up to high pressure (P~5 GPa) have been investigated and their properties in terms of bulk modulus were compared with the most resilient MOFs reported so far

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系博碩士班
106
In this study, inkjet printing technology was used to prepare a looped electrode composed of silver nanoparticles on a flexible polyimide (PI) film, and a porous semiconductor-type gas-sensing material such as zinc oxide and copper oxide, which were derived from a metal-organic framework material was used as sensing layer, and coated onto nanosilver loop type electrode. To investigate the sensing capability of the homemade gas sensor under reducing gas atmosphere at room temperature with a low wattage UV-LED (10 W) lamp irradiated, to improve the semiconductor gas sensitive materials need to be applied to the limitations of high-temperature environment. Using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PPV) as a protective agent, silver nitrate (AgNO3) was reduced by a simple polyol reduction method to prepare nanosilver particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the silver nanoparticles are spherical metal silver with face-centered cubic structure. The particle size is approximately 60-80 nm by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. The silver nanoparticle was formulated into 5 wt% silver ink, and the ink was filled in a commercially available EPSON T50 printer ink cartridge. The nanosilver loop type electrode is printed on the polyimide film and then coated with a layer of gas sensitive material, wherein the sensing layer is ZnO (N-type) and CuO (P-type), and the formation of heterogeneous interface (P-N Junction) of ZnO mixed with CuO (ZnO/CuO) to complete the preparation of sensors. The sensors are placed in a homemade gas sensing chamber, and the sensing test is carried out under reducing gas atmosphere (0-400 ppm) at room temperature with a low wattage UV-LED (10 W) lamp irradiated. The sensors was connected to a universal meter (Keithley 2400), and the current value was read at different reducing gas concentrations. After the computer software was recorded, the sensing performance of the gas sensor at room temperature was investigated. When the sensor was used to sense 50 ppm acetone at room temperature, the response values of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO were 34.9, 20.9 and 63.6 respectively. The response time (Tres) was 3, 52 and 5 seconds respectively, the recovery time (Trec) was 5, 14 and 8 seconds, respectively, and the sensed instantaneous current value significantly changed with increasing acetone gas concentration, and was an effective acetone gas sensor. It is worth noting that sensors with heterostructure materials (ZnO/CuO) have obviously synergistic effects. Which show that the sensors can effectively improve the limitations of conventional metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors operating at high operating temperature, and have good sensing ability for the acetone gas with low ppm concentration at room temperature.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials made-up of transition-metal cations linked with multidentate organic ligands by the coordination bonds. The strong, flexible frameworks and the porous structure of the MOFs establish them as an effective carriers of various functional compounds, such as gases, drugs, and anti-microbial agents. The MOFs render high loading capacity and sustained release, which is the desired property in anti-microbial applications. Similar porous material for the anti-microbial application is Zeolite, however, it is more complex to synthesize than MOFs. Currently, MOFs are used mainly in catalysis, gas separation and storage, and water purification applications. In the applications as anti.microbial agents, MOFs are just emerging into the field application from the laboratory scale. Hence, this chapter discusses the properties, synthetic procedures, anti-bacterial mechanisms and various forms of MOFs for anti-microbial applications. The MOFs are often doped with metal nanoparticles, polymers, and metal-polymer complexes. Each category of MOFs has a different mechanistic approach to inhibiting microbial colony growth. In this regard, this chapter will provide sufficient information on the MOFs, which will help to understand their significance in anti-microbial applications and their scope.

Among the third generation photovoltaic devices, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most significant scaffold due to its skyrocketing increase in the photo conversion efficiency from 3.8% to 25.7% within a decade. The metal organic frameworks (MOFs) scaffolds are porous materials in which metal ions connected with organic ligands through coordination bond thereby creating a three-dimensional network structure. The prominent characteristics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are high porosity, tunable pore size, ultra high surface area, crystalline with rigid and flexible frameworks. It is observed that incorporation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the different layers of perovskite solar cells improved the device efficiency and improved stability

Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) are highly specialized floating structures with variety of applications ranging from airport strips to floating motels offshore ports etc. Their economic design is based on their hydro-elastic behavior due to wave environmental forces. VLFS are extra large in size and mostly extra long in span and for that reason they are mostly modularized into several smaller structures and integrated. VLFSs may be classified into two broad categories, namely the semi-submersible type and the pontoon-type. The former type of VLFSs having their platform raised above the sea level and supported by columns resting on submerged pontoons and can minimize the effects of wave actions. In open sea, where the wave heights are relatively large, the semi-submersible VLFSs are preferred. On the other hand, the pontoon-type VLFS is a simple flat box structure floating on the sea surface. It is very flexible compared to other kinds of offshore structures, and so its elastic deformations are more important than their rigid body motions. The critical problem is the longitudinal bending moment of the long floating vessel in waves/current environment. Most of the present available VLFS designs are not economical for applications in hostile ocean. This paper presents hydrodynamic analysis carried out on an innovative VLFS called truss pontoon Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) platform concept proposed by Srinivasan [1]. The concept uses a strong deck with strong longitudinal beams to take care of the needed bending moment of the vessel for the survival, standby and operational conditions of the wave. At the submerged bottom just above the keel-tank top, a simple open-frame truss-structure is used instead of a heavy shell type pontoon. Thus the truss-pontoon provides the necessary flow transparency for the reduction of the wave exciting forces and consequently the heave motions and the vertical acceleration. Numerical analysis of truss pontoon MOB platform is carried out using HYDroelastic Response ANalysis (HYDRAN). Responses of the isolated scaled module in waves are obtained from these numerical tools and compared with published literature. Unconnected two modules and three modules are analysed using HYDRAN and the responses are compared with the isolated module. The proposed concept yielded lesser responses as compared to semisubmersible conventional MOB platform.