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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Float point error”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 14 lutego 2022

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1

Jokinen, Altti, Shaojun Feng, Wolfgang Schuster, et al. "GLONASS Aided GPS Ambiguity Fixed Precise Point Positioning." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 3 (2013): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463313000052.

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The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) concept enables centimetre-level positioning accuracy by employing one Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The main advantage of PPP over conventional Real Time Kinematic (cRTK) methods is that a local reference network infrastructure is not required. Only a global reference network with approximately 50 stations is needed because reference GNSS data is required for generating precise error correction products for PPP. However, the current implementation of PPP is not suitable for some applications due to the long time period (i.e. convergenc

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Zhu, Jiong, and Jian Cheng Kang. "The Ocean Temperature Reconstruction of Center Tropical Cyclone Based on Argo." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2171.

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There is a correlation between sea surface temperature of the upper boundary waters and the intensity of typhoon. This paper analyzes the use of Argo float data and using inverse distance weighted interpolation method to calculate its internal regional sea surface temperature, when typhoon and other data were compared and error analysis. The results showed that: the method is reliable. When you select a point closer distance calculation and spatial distribution of Argo floats as closely as possible, the weight coefficients taken 2, known buoy number is 4-6, the relative error of calculated is

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Bingham, Frederick M., Severine Fournier, Susannah Brodnitz, Karly Ulfsax, and Hong Zhang. "Matchup Characteristics of Sea Surface Salinity Using a High-Resolution Ocean Model." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (2021): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152995.

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Sea surface salinity (SSS) satellite measurements are validated using in situ observations usually made by surfacing Argo floats. Validation statistics are computed using matched values of SSS from satellites and floats. This study explores how the matchup process is done using a high-resolution numerical ocean model, the MITgcm. One year of model output is sampled as if the Aquarius and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites flew over it and Argo floats popped up into it. Statistical measures of mismatch between satellite and float are computed, RMS difference (RMSD) and bias. The bia

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Chen, Wantong, and Zhenghui Shang. "Precision point positioning with additional baseline vector constraint." Journal of Applied Geodesy 14, no. 3 (2020): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2020-0006.

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AbstractTraditional precise point positioning (PPP) based on undifferenced ionosphere-free linear combination of observations has many advantages such as high accuracy and easy operation. PPP usually uses the Kalman Filter (KF) to estimate state vector. However, the positioning performance depends on the accuracy of the kinematic model and initial value. The inaccurate kinematic model or initial value will lead to filter performance degradation or even divergence. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a PPP method with an additional baseline vector constraint, which uses the direction

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5

Xiong, Chunbao, Lina Yu, and Lewen Zhao. "Analysis on the Impacts of Slant Tropospheric Delays on Precise Point Positioning." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (2019): 4884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224884.

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Tropospheric delay is one main factor affecting the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity-float and fixed solutions. Investigations mainly focused on evaluating the contributions of tropospheric corrections to the accuracy and reliability of PPP solutions. The tropospheric corrections generally contained the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and the horizontal gradients estimated from relative positioning or PPP. However, the estimated tropospheric delays can be partly absorbed by the carrier phase residuals if the stochastic model is not well-defined. Therefore, along with the Z

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Lu, Yangwei, Shengyue Ji, Rui Tu, Duojie Weng, Xiaochun Lu, and Wu Chen. "An Improved Long-Period Precise Time-Relative Positioning Method Based on RTS Data." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010053.

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The high precision positioning can be easily achieved by using real-time kinematic (RTK) and precise point positioning (PPP) or their augmented techniques, such as network RTK (NRTK) and PPP-RTK, even if they also have their own shortfalls. A reference station and datalink are required for RTK or NRTK. Though the PPP technique can provide high accuracy position data, it needs an initialisation time of 10–30 min. The time-relative positioning method estimates the difference between positions at two epochs by means of a single receiver, which can overcome these issues within short period to some

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7

Yang, Yang, Xiaokui Yue, and Jianping Yuan. "GPS Based Reduced-Dynamic Orbit Determination for Low Earth Orbiters with Ambiguity Fixing." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/723414.

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With the ever-increasing number of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for scientific missions, the precise determination of the position and velocity of the satellite is a necessity. GPS (Global Positioning System) based reduced-dynamic orbit determination (RPOD) method is commonly used in the post processing with high precision. This paper presents a sequential RPOD strategy for LEO satellite in the framework of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique is used to process the GPS observations, with carrier phase ambiguity resolution using Integer Phase Clocks (I

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Tian, Huanhuan, Yixiao Liu, Jiqin Zhou, Ying Wang, Jing Wang, and Weigong Zhang. "Attitude Angle Compensation for a Synchronous Acquisition Method Based on an MEMS Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 3 (2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030483.

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As a new type of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensor, the Quartz Vibrating Beam Accelerometer (QVBA) is widely used in intelligent sweeping robots, small aircraft, navigation systems, etc. For these applications, correcting and compensating the attitude angle with the result of acceleration plays an important role to improve the measurement accuracy. The synchronization error between the measurement of the accelerometer and gyroscope attitude angle has an adverse impact on the accuracy of the attitude angle. In this paper, a synchronous acquisition scheme of the acceleromet

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9

Tian, Zhiqiang, Jingyi Song, Chenyang Zhang, Xiaohui Tian, Zhong Shi, and Xiaofu Yu. "A Multiscale-Based Adjustable Convolutional Neural Network for Multiple Organ Segmentation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9595687.

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Accurate segmentation ofs organs-at-risk (OARs) in computed tomography (CT) is the key to planning treatment in radiation therapy (RT). Manually delineating OARs over hundreds of images of a typical CT scan can be time-consuming and error-prone. Deep convolutional neural networks with specific structures like U-Net have been proven effective for medical image segmentation. In this work, we propose an end-to-end deep neural network for multiorgan segmentation with higher accuracy and lower complexity. Compared with several state-of-the-art methods, the proposed accuracy-complexity adjustment mo

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10

Moroz, Leonid V., Volodymyr V. Samotyy, and Oleh Y. Horyachyy. "Modified Fast Inverse Square Root and Square Root Approximation Algorithms: The Method of Switching Magic Constants." Computation 9, no. 2 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9020021.

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Many low-cost platforms that support floating-point arithmetic, such as microcontrollers and field-programmable gate arrays, do not include fast hardware or software methods for calculating the square root and/or reciprocal square root. Typically, such functions are implemented using direct lookup tables or polynomial approximations, with a subsequent application of the Newton–Raphson method. Other, more complex solutions include high-radix digit-recurrence and bipartite or multipartite table-based methods. In contrast, this article proposes a simple modification of the fast inverse square roo

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11

Atiz, Omer Faruk, and Ibrahim Kalayci. "Performance Assessment of PPP-AR Positioning and Zenith Total Delay Estimation with Modernized CSRS-PPP." Artificial Satellites 56, no. 2 (2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2021-0003.

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Abstract The precise point positioning (PPP) method has become more popular due to powerful online global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing services, such as the Canadian Spatial Reference System-PPP (CSRS-PPP). At the end of 2020, the CSRS-PPP service launched the ambiguity resolution (AR) feature for global positioning system (GPS) satellites. More reliable results are obtained with AR compared to the results with traditional ambiguity-float PPP. In this study, the performance of the modernized CSRS-PPP was comparatively assessed in terms of static positioning and zenith tot

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12

Bakuła, K., W. Ostrowski, M. Pilarska, M. Szender, and Z. Kurczyński. "EVALUATION AND CALIBRATION OF FIXED-WING UAV MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM EQUIPPED WITH LIDAR AND OPTICAL SENSORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1 (September 26, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-25-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this paper, a mobile mapping system mounted on the UAV is presented and evaluated. The NEO3 UAV platform is an 11<span class="thinspace"></span>kg fixed-wing designed by the MSP company. The UAV is equipped with a Riegl miniVUX-1UAV laser scanner, which is integrated with the GNSS/INS system of Applanix APX-15 UAV and two Sony Alfa 6000 cameras collecting images in the following spectrum: visible for the first camera and near-infrared for the second camera. The UAV mobile system presented is dedicated to the acquisition of multisou

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13

Hao, Xin, Changxing Lin, and Qiuyu Wu. "A Parallel Timing Synchronization Structure in Real-Time High Transmission Capacity Wireless Communication Systems." Electronics 9, no. 4 (2020): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040652.

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In the past few years, parallel digital signal processing (PDSP) architectures have been intensively studied to fulfill the growing demand of channel capacity in coherent optical communication systems. However, to our knowledge, real-time timing synchronization in such architectures is until now not implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this article, a parallel timing synchronization architecture is proposed. In the architecture, a parallel First In First Out (FIFO) structure based on an index associated rearranging method, and a dual feedback loop based on the Gardner’s al

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14

Lavigne, H., F. D'Ortenzio, H. Claustre, and A. Poteau. "Towards a merged satellite and in situ fluorescence ocean chlorophyll product." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (2011): 11899–939. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-11899-2011.

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Abstract. Understanding the ocean carbon cycle requires a precise assessment of phytoplankton biomass in the oceans. In terms of numbers of observations, satellite data represents the largest available data set. However, as they are limited to surface waters, they have to be merged with in situ observations. Amongst the in situ data, fluorescence profiles constitute the greatest data set available, because fluorometers operate routinely on oceanographic cruise since the seventies. Nevertheless, fluorescence is only a proxy of the Total Chlorophyll-a concentration and a data calibration is requ

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15

Kim, Minsu, Seonkyung Park, Jeffrey Irwin, et al. "Positional Accuracy Assessment of Lidar Point Cloud from NAIP/3DEP Pilot Project." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (2020): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12121974.

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The Leica Geosystems CountryMapper hybrid system has the potential to collect data that satisfy the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Program (NGP) and 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) requirements in a single collection. This research will help 3DEP determine if this sensor has the potential to meet current and future 3DEP topographic lidar collection requirements. We performed an accuracy analysis and assessment on the lidar point cloud produced from CountryMapper. The boresighting calibratio

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16

Nguyen, An T., Patrick Heimbach, Vikram V. Garg, Victor Ocaña, Craig Lee, and Luc Rainville. "Impact of Synthetic Arctic Argo-Type Floats in a Coupled Ocean–Sea Ice State Estimation Framework." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 8 (2020): 1477–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0159.1.

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AbstractThe lack of continuous spatial and temporal sampling of hydrographic measurements in large parts of the Arctic Ocean remains a major obstacle for quantifying mean state and variability of the Arctic Ocean circulation. This shortcoming motivates an assessment of the utility of Argo-type floats, the challenges of deploying such floats due to the presence of sea ice, and the implications of extended times of no surfacing on hydrographic inferences. Within the framework of an Arctic coupled ocean–sea ice state estimate that is constrained to available satellite and in situ observations, we

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17

Lavigne, H., F. D'Ortenzio, H. Claustre, and A. Poteau. "Towards a merged satellite and in situ fluorescence ocean chlorophyll product." Biogeosciences 9, no. 6 (2012): 2111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2111-2012.

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Abstract. Understanding the ocean carbon cycle requires a precise assessment of phytoplankton biomass in the oceans. In terms of numbers of observations, satellite data represent the largest available data set. However, as they are limited to surface waters, they have to be merged with in situ observations. Amongst the in situ data, fluorescence profiles constitute the greatest data set available, because fluorometers have operated routinely on oceanographic cruises since the 1970s. Nevertheless, fluorescence is only a proxy of the total chlorophyll a concentration and a data calibration is re

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18

Yang, Wenhao, Yue Liu, and Fanming Liu. "An Improved Relative GNSS Tracking Method Utilizing Single Frequency Receivers." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154073.

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The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) becomes the primary choice for device localization in outdoor situations. At the same time, many applications do not require precise absolute Earth coordinates, but instead, inferring the geometric configuration information of the constituent nodes in the system by relative positioning. The Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) technique shows its efficiency and accuracy in calculating the relative position. However, when the cycle slips occur, the RTK method may take a long time to obtain a fixed ambiguity value, and the positioning result will be a “float”

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19

Yang, Z. H., Y. S. Zhang, T. Zheng, W. B. Lai, Z. R. Zou, and B. Zou. "CO-REGISTRATION AIRBORNE LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA AND SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL IMAGE REGISTRATION BASED ON COMBINED ADJUSTMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-259-2016.

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Aim at the problem of co-registration airborne laser point cloud data with the synchronous digital image, this paper proposed a registration method based on combined adjustment. By integrating tie point, point cloud data with elevation constraint pseudo observations, using the principle of least-squares adjustment to solve the corrections of exterior orientation elements of each image, high-precision registration results can be obtained. In order to ensure the reliability of the tie point, and the effectiveness of pseudo observations, this paper proposed a point cloud data constrain SIFT match

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Yang, Z. H., Y. S. Zhang, T. Zheng, W. B. Lai, Z. R. Zou, and B. Zou. "CO-REGISTRATION AIRBORNE LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA AND SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL IMAGE REGISTRATION BASED ON COMBINED ADJUSTMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-259-2016.

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Aim at the problem of co-registration airborne laser point cloud data with the synchronous digital image, this paper proposed a registration method based on combined adjustment. By integrating tie point, point cloud data with elevation constraint pseudo observations, using the principle of least-squares adjustment to solve the corrections of exterior orientation elements of each image, high-precision registration results can be obtained. In order to ensure the reliability of the tie point, and the effectiveness of pseudo observations, this paper proposed a point cloud data constrain SIFT match

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Fernández Echeverría, Carmen, Fernando Claver Rabaz, Jara González-Silva, Luis García González, and M. Perla Moreno Arroyo. "El género como variable de estudio en las características del juego en voleibol en categoría infantil (Gender as study variable in the game characteristics in volleyball Under-14 category)." Retos, no. 26 (March 6, 2015): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34461.

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El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar las características y rendimiento en la acción del saque en voleibol, en categoría infantil, en función del género. Se empleó una muestra de 2233 saques, correspondientes a la observación de los 32 equipos participantes en el Campeonato España de Selecciones autonómicas en categoría infantil, femenina y masculina. Las variables de estudio fueron: género del equipo, zona de origen de saque, tipo de saque, técnica de golpeo, eficacia del saque, zona a la que se dirige el saque y jugador al que se dirige el saque. Los resultados determinaro

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Luo, Feng Li, and Guang Yu Li. "The Study of Method for Calculating Geometric Average Sound Intensity in Scattering Field." Key Engineering Materials 458 (December 2010): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.458.185.

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When calculating sound intensity by indirectly measuring way, the sound pressures obtained from two microphones should be mathematically averaged as the sound pressure of measured point. The research showed that the method exists lower of allowable value in the high frequency area. Using the geometric average value of two measured points to replace the sound pressure of measured point, studying the measurement of sound intensity in scattering field, the errors from which were compared. The result showed that the error of geometric average sound intensity was more flat than that of mathematic a

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Griffa, A., A. Molcard, F. Raicich, and V. Rupolo. "Assessment of the impact of TS assimilation from ARGO floats in the Mediterranean Sea." Ocean Science 2, no. 2 (2006): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-2-237-2006.

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Abstract. In this paper, the impact of assimilating Temperature (T) and Salinity (S) profiles from Argo floats in the Mediterranean Sea is quantitatively investigated using the Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) approach. The impact of varying the number of floats and their launch positions is considered, using numerical simulations with a MOM model and a reduced-order multivariate Optimal Interpolation scheme (SOFA) for assimilation. Realistic float coverage and launch positions used during the first MFSTEP phase are considered, as well as "ideal" density coverage that can be envi

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Liu, Qin, Wei Ren Wu, Zhi Jing Zhang, and Xin Jin. "A New Approach to Flat Form Error and Contact Error Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.676.

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A new model based on multi-scale asperities is established in order to accurately describe flat profile error. After measuring the surface, surface points are projected to each cross-section according to three-dimensional coordinates. Graham’s Scan algorithm is used to search border points of each data set. Then minimum circum-circle is calculated and optimized. Asperity’s radius of curvature and coordinates is calculated by relationship of circle radius and section’s interval. In the assembly process, it is primarily that the peaks on surface actually contact. The contact error plane equation

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Shimizu, Hiroki, Ryousuke Yamashita, Takuya Hashiguchi, Tasuku Miyata, and Yuuma Tamaru. "Square Layout Four-Point Method for Two-Dimensional Profile Measurement and Self-Calibration Method of Zero-Adjustment Error." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (2018): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0707.

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An on-machine measurement method, called the square-layout four-point (SLFP) method with angle compensation, for evaluating two-dimensional (2-D) profiles of flat machined surfaces is proposed. In this method, four displacement sensors are arranged in a square and mounted to the scanning table of a 2-D stage. For measuring the 2-D profile of a target plane, height data corresponding to all measuring points are acquired by means of the raster scanning motion. At the same time, pitching data of the first primary scan line and rolling data of the first subsidiary scan line are monitored by means

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Sampath, A., H. K. Heidemann, and G. L. Stensaas. "GEOMETRIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF LIDAR DATA BASED ON SWATH OVERLAP." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-93-2016.

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This paper provides guidelines on quantifying the relative horizontal and vertical errors observed between conjugate features in the overlapping regions of lidar data. The quantification of these errors is important because their presence quantifies the geometric quality of the data. A data set can be said to have good geometric quality if measurements of identical features, regardless of their position or orientation, yield identical results. Good geometric quality indicates that the data are produced using sensor models that are working as they are mathematically designed, and data acquisiti

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Sampath, A., H. K. Heidemann, and G. L. Stensaas. "GEOMETRIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF LIDAR DATA BASED ON SWATH OVERLAP." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-93-2016.

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This paper provides guidelines on quantifying the relative horizontal and vertical errors observed between conjugate features in the overlapping regions of lidar data. The quantification of these errors is important because their presence quantifies the geometric quality of the data. A data set can be said to have good geometric quality if measurements of identical features, regardless of their position or orientation, yield identical results. Good geometric quality indicates that the data are produced using sensor models that are working as they are mathematically designed, and data acquisiti

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Chen, Liang Ji, and Xian Zhang Feng. "CC Path Generation Method in 5-Axis Surface Machining with a Flat-End Cutter." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.172.

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A 5-axis machining method of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surface has been proposed in this paper. With the local curvature and the machining error, the step-size was calculated to get the parameter of the next Cutter-Contacting (CC) point. With the method of coordinate transformation, effective machining radius of a flat-end cutter had been deduced and the step-over formed by two adjacent CC paths were implemented. The parameter increment along the CC path interval direction was calculated by using geometric analysis of the local area of CC point. Finally, once all of CC points on th

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ITOH, Shunji, Tatsuo NARIKIYO, Yutaka SATOH, and Yataka OKADA. "Measurement of Flat Form Error by a 2D Least Square Serial Two Point Method." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 57, no. 10 (1991): 1844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.57.1844.

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Максимов, А. И. "EACH FRAME POINT RESTORATION ERROR BASED SUPER-RESOLUTION METHOD." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 4(38) (August 31, 2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2021.38.4.011.

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В работе предложен метод повышения пространственного разрешения по серии кадров низкого разрешения, использующий для формирования результирующего изображения значения погрешностей восстановления в точке каждого кадра. Метод объединяет в себе результаты многолетних исследований автора в области повышения качества изображений и видеозаписей. Предложенный метод разрабатывался для решения прикладных задач криминалистической экспертизы видеозаписей и предназначен для повышения визуального качества плоского локального объекта, находящегося близко к центру кадра. Метод состоит из трех этапов. Первый

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Mu, Y. X., G. Q. Zhou, X. Zhou, J. Gao, and X. Y. Peng. "HPR AND OPK ANGLE ELEMENT CONVERSION METHOD BASED ON AIRBORNE LIDAR ALIGNMENT AXIS ERROR CALIBRATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-71-2020.

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Abstract. This paper mainly uses manual calibration technology to check the elements Yaw, Pitch and Roll (YPR) in the LiDAR DGPS/IMU system and obtained the error value. Combined with the error angle, the external azimuth angle elements Kappa, Omega and Phi required by photogrammetry are obtained. The paper points out that the placement angle error will have a serious impact on the LiDAR foot position. Therefore, this paper puts forward a method to check the placement angle of the steeple roof and flat straight highway, and gives the design scheme of the optimized route to reduce the number of

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Xu, Jingzhong, Jie Shan, and Ge Wang. "Hierarchical Modeling of Street Trees Using Mobile Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (2020): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142321.

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This paper proposes a novel method to reconstruct hierarchical 3D tree models from Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) point clouds. Starting with a neighborhood graph from the tree point clouds, the method treats the root point of the tree as a source point and determines an initial tree skeleton by using the Dijkstra algorithm. The initial skeleton lines are then optimized by adjusting line connectivity and branch nodes based on morphological characteristics of the tree. Finally, combined with the tree point clouds, the radius of each branch skeleton node is estimated and flat cones are used to simu

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Cheng, Xian Guo. "B-Spline Curve Approximation Using Feature Points." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1093.

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This paper addresses the problem of B-spline curve approximating to a set of dense and ordered points. We choose local curvature maximum points based on the curvature information. The points and the two end points are viewed as initial feature points, constructing a B-spline curve approximating to the feature points by the least-squares method, refining the feature points according to the shape information of the curve, and updating the curve. This process is repeated until the maximum error is less than the given error bound. The approach adaptively placed fewer knots at flat regions but more

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Wang, Jin, Guanwen Huang, Peiyuan Zhou, Yuanxi Yang, Qin Zhang, and Yang Gao. "Advantages of Uncombined Precise Point Positioning with Fixed Ambiguity Resolution for Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) and Differential Code Bias (DCB) Estimation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020304.

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The determination of slant total electron content (STEC) between satellites and receivers is the first step for establishing an ionospheric model. However, the leveling errors, caused by the smoothed ambiguity solutions in the carrier-to-code leveling (CCL) method, degrade the performance of ionosphere modeling and differential code bias (DCB) estimation. To reduce the leveling errors, an uncombined and undifferenced precise point positioning (PPP) method with ambiguity resolution (AR) was used to directly extract the STEC. Firstly, the ionospheric observables were estimated with CCL, PPP floa

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Franzini, M., A. M. Manzino, and V. Casella. "WEIGHTED ICP POINT CLOUDS REGISTRATION BY SEGMENTATION BASED ON EIGENFEATURES CLUSTERING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-217-2020.

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Abstract. Dense point clouds can be nowadays considered the main product of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetric processing and clouds registration is still a key aspect in case of blocks acquired apart. In the paper some overlapping datasets, acquired with a multispectral Parrot Sequoia camera above some rice fields, are analysed in a single block approach. Since the sensors is equipped with a navigation-grade sensor, the georeferencing information is affected by large errors and the so obtained dense point clouds are significantly far apart: to register them the Iterative Closes Poi

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Young, Matthew, Chris Pretty, Sérgio Agostinho, Richard Green, and Xiaoqi Chen. "Loss of Significance and Its Effect on Point Normal Orientation and Cloud Registration." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (2019): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111329.

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Point normal calculation and cloud registration are two of the most common operations in point cloud processing. However, both are vulnerable to issues of numerical precision and loss of significance. This paper documents how loss of significance in the open-source Point Cloud Library can create erroneous point normals and cause cloud registration to fail. Several test clouds are used to demonstrate how the loss of significance is caused by tight point spacing and clouds being shifted far from the origin of their coordinate system. The results show that extreme loss of significance can cause p

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Zhao, S., S. Zhang, and W. Cheng. "RELATIVE ERROR EVALUATION TO TYPICAL OPEN GLOBAL DEM DATASETS IN SHANXI PLATEAU OF CHINA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2395-2018.

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Produced by radar data or stereo remote sensing image pairs, global DEM datasets are one of the most important types for DEM data. Relative error relates to surface quality created by DEM data, so it relates to geomorphology and hydrologic applications using DEM data. Taking Shanxi Plateau of China as the study area, this research evaluated the relative error to typical open global DEM datasets including Shuttle Radar Terrain Mission (SRTM) data with 1 arc second resolution (SRTM1), SRTM data with 3 arc second resolution (SRTM3), ASTER global DEM data in the second version (GDEM-v2) and ALOS w

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Szabó, Zsuzsanna, Csaba Albert Tóth, Imre Holb, and Szilárd Szabó. "Aerial Laser Scanning Data as a Source of Terrain Modeling in a Fluvial Environment: Biasing Factors of Terrain Height Accuracy." Sensors 20, no. 7 (2020): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072063.

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Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning is a commonly used technology for representing the topographic terrain. As LiDAR point clouds include all surface features present in the terrain, one of the key elements for generating a digital terrain model (DTM) is the separation of the ground points. In this study, we intended to reveal the efficiency of different denoising approaches and an easy-to-use ground point classification technique in a floodplain with fluvial forms. We analyzed a point cloud from the perspective of the efficiency of noise reduction, parametrizing a ground poi

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Zhang, Haiyan, Yonglong Luo, Qingying Yu, Xiaoyao Zheng, and Xuejing Li. "Map-matching approach based on link factor and hidden Markov model." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 3 (2021): 5455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202292.

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An accurate map matching is an essential but difficult step in mapping raw float car trajectories onto a digital road network. This task is challenging because of the unavoidable positioning errors of GPS devices and the complexity of the road network structure. Aiming to address these problems, in this study, we focus on three improvements over the existing hidden Markov model: (i) The direction feature between the current and historical points is used for calculating the observation probability; (ii) With regard to the reachable cost between the current road section and the destination, we o

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ITOH, Shyunji, Tatsuo NARIKIYO, and Masami ITO. "Measurement of Flat Form Errors by using 2D Least Square Serial 3 Point Method." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 58, no. 6 (1992): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.58.1023.

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Skalski, Andrzej, and Bartosz Machura. "Metrological Analysis Of Microsoft Kinect In The Context Of Object Localization." Metrology and Measurement Systems 22, no. 4 (2015): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2015-0050.

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Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive metrological analysis of the Microsoft Kinect motion sensor performed using a proprietary flat marker. The designed marker was used to estimate its position in the external coordinate system associated with the sensor. The study includes calibration of the RGB and IR cameras, parameter identification and image registration. The metrological analysis is based on the data corrected for sensor optical distortions. From the metrological point of view, localization errors are related to the distance of an object from the sensor. Therefore, the rotation a

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CAO, ZHOUJIAN. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MASS OBJECTS IN GENERAL RELATIVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 21, no. 07 (2012): 1250061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812500617.

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Based on Baumgarte–Shapiro–Shibata–Nakamura formalism and moving puncture method, we demonstrate the first numerical evolutions of the interaction between positive and negative mass objects. Using the causal property of general relativity, we set our computational domain around the positive mass black hole while excluding the region around the naked singularity introduced by the negative mass object. Besides the usual Sommerfeld numerical boundary condition, an approximate boundary condition is proposed for this nonasymptotically-flat computational domain. Careful checks show that either bound

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Kravchenko, I. I., and V. L. Kiselev. "Technological System Strength Load Influence on the Flat Surface Machining Accuracy in Face Milling." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 10 (December 6, 2018): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/1018.0001435.

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In engineering technology there is always a problem to improve the accuracy of manufacturing parts. When machining, the arising forces cause both tool and work-piece displacements. In this paper we consider the influence of changing cutting forces on the machining errors that arise in face milling of flat surfaces. With this approach to machining, the cutting forces depend on the work-piece width, the cutter diameter, the number of teeth and their geometry, the mutual bracing of the cutter and the work-piece, and the application point of the resultant force. The paper presents the dependences,

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Chen, Pengyun, Pengfei Zhang, Teng Ma, et al. "Underwater Terrain Positioning Method Using Maximum a Posteriori Estimation and PCNN Model." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 5 (2019): 1233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000067.

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Conventional underwater navigation and positioning methods for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) either require the installation of acoustic arrays, which make AUVs less independent, or result in cumulative errors. This paper proposes an Underwater Terrain Positioning Method (UTPM) using Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) estimation and a Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) model for highly accurate navigation by AUVs. The PCNN model is used as a secondary discriminant to effectively identify pseudo-anchor points in flat terrain feature areas and to find the true positioning point, which significa

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Kubec, Adam, Kathleen Melzer, Jürgen Gluch, et al. "Point focusing with flat and wedged crossed multilayer Laue lenses." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 2 (2017): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517001722.

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Point focusing measurements using pairs of directly bonded crossed multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) are reported. Several flat and wedged MLLs have been fabricated out of a single deposition and assembled to realise point focusing devices. The wedged lenses have been manufactured by adding a stress layer onto flat lenses. Subsequent bending of the structure changes the relative orientation of the layer interfaces towards the stress-wedged geometry. The characterization at ESRF beamline ID13 at a photon energy of 10.5 keV demonstrated a nearly diffraction-limited focusing to a clean spot of 43 nm

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Zhang, Wen, Hui Zhang, Fei Du, Jianchao Shi, Shijiu Jin, and Zhoumo Zeng. "Pull-In Analysis of the Flat Circular CMUT Cell Featuring Sealed Cavity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/150279.

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Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) are one of the appealing MEMS devices. Most studies treat CMUTs as rigid plates vibrating in open air, ignoring the mechanical boundary conditions for simplification and resulting in cumulative errors in coupled fields. This paper presents a new analytical model for the pull-in characteristics of the flat circular CMUT cell featuring sealed cavity. Utilizing the plate theory coupled with Boyle’s law, the paper establishes a strong relation between the pressures inside the sealed cavity and the pull-in characteristics for the first time. N

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Zhu, Ying, Xuejun Liu, Jing Zhao, Jianjun Cao, Xiaolei Wang, and Dongliang Li. "Effect of DEM Interpolation Neighbourhood on Terrain Factors." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010030.

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Topographic factors such as slope and aspect are essential parameters in depicting the structure and morphology of a terrain surface. We study the effect of the number of points in the neighbourhood of a digital elevation model (DEM) interpolation method on mean slope, mean aspect, and RMSEs of slope and aspect from the interpolated DEM. As the moving least squares (MLS) method can maintain the inherent properties and other characteristics of a surface, this method is chosen for DEM interpolation. Three areas containing different types of topographic features are selected for study. Simulated

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Kuschnerus, M., D. Schröder, and R. Lindenbergh. "ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE STABILITY OF A PERMANENTLY INSTALLED LASER SCANNER." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-745-2021.

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Abstract. The advancement of permanently measuring laser scanners has opened up a wide range of new applications, but also led to the need for more advanced approaches on error quantification and correction. Time-dependent and systematic error influences may only become visible in data of quasi-permanent measurements. During a scan experiment in February/March 2020 point clouds were acquired every thirty minutes with a Riegl VZ-2000 laser scanner, and various other sensors (inclination sensors, weather station and GNSS sensors) were used to survey the environment of the laser scanner and the s

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Cyganiuk, J. A., and P. Kuryło. "Modelling of the Flow of Streams of Cohesionless and Cohesive Bulk Materials in a Conveyor Discharge Point with a Flat Conveyor Belt." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 23, no. 1 (2018): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2018-0002.

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Abstract The paper presents the analysis of flow conditions of cohesive and cohesionless bulk materials in a conveyor discharge point of a flat conveyor belt. The analysis was carried out for stationary flows at high velocities. It presents mathematical methods for the description of the velocity of a material leaving a throwing point of a flat conveyor belt as well as final equations which enable the determination of velocity of the material after it has left the throwing point (with the accuracy sufficient for practical use). Next, the velocity calculated for the proposed mathematical descri

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Zamiri, Elyas, Alberto Sanchez, Angel de Castro, and Maria Sofia Martínez-García. "Comparison of Power Converter Models with Losses for Hardware-in-the-Loop Using Different Numerical Formats." Electronics 8, no. 11 (2019): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111255.

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Nowadays, the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) technique is widely used to test different power electronic converters. These real-time simulations require processing large data at high speed, which makes this application very suitable for FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) as they are capable of parallel processing. This paper provides an analytical discussion on three HIL models for a full-bridge converter. The three models use different possible numerical formats, namely float and fixed-point, the latter with and without optimizing the width of signals to the embedded DSP (Digital Signal Proces

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