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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Flood irrigation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 18 lutego 2022

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1

Ton, Kees, and Kees de Jong. "Pump and flood irrigation." International Journal of Water Resources Development 6, no. 2 (June 1990): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629008722461.

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2

Khatun, S., SU Ahmed, SMA Faiz, and AHM Mustafizur Rahmana. "Impacts of tillage operations and microirrigation practices on weed infestation of BRRI Dhan 28." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v24i2.46320.

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An experiment was conducted with BRRI dhan 28 following four irrigation treatments (flood, drip, alternate wetting and drying, sprinkler) and two tillage methods (conventional or puddled and unpuddled). Highest number of weed infestation over conventional tillage was observed when herbicide was not applied. Weed biomass was recorded maximum in sprinkler irrigation followed by alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and flood irrigation. The main type of weed in the rice field was sedges. Weed infestation at 20 and 40 days after herbicide application was found to be the highest due to sprinkler irri

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3

Mundy, GN, HR Jones, and WK Mason. "Nitrogen fixation activity by white clover pastures during flood irrigation cycles." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880409.

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The effect of flood irrigation on clover nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction activity) was investigated in unfertilized pastures and pastures fertilized with 100 kg N/ha as NH4N03. During the experiment acetylene reduction activities were monitored between successive flood irrigations. The rate of ethylene production increased with decreasing soil water content, peaking 13 days after irrigation. Measured nodule activity then declined, possibly owing to water stress. Nitrogen fertilizer reduced acetylene reduction activities to about half that of the unfertilized pastures. For most of the ir

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4

Mundy, GN, HR Jones, and WK Mason. "Corrigendum - Nitrogen fixation activity by white clover pastures during flood irrigation cycles." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880409c.

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The effect of flood irrigation on clover nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction activity) was investigated in unfertilized pastures and pastures fertilized with 100 kg N/ha as NH4N03. During the experiment acetylene reduction activities were monitored between successive flood irrigations. The rate of ethylene production increased with decreasing soil water content, peaking 13 days after irrigation. Measured nodule activity then declined, possibly owing to water stress. Nitrogen fertilizer reduced acetylene reduction activities to about half that of the unfertilized pastures. For most of the ir

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5

Adhikari, B., R. Verhoeven, and P. Troch. "Appropriate rehabilitation strategy for a traditional irrigation supply system: a case from the Babai area in Nepal." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (December 1, 2009): 2819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.721.

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This paper studies primary canals of three traditional irrigation systems in the southern plains of Nepal. It offers a scientific interpretation of the indigenous technology applied to the systems, which facilitates to use the same channel network for irrigation, drainage and flood management. The flood management technology of the farmers by diverting as much discharge as possible to the field channels results in the reduction of discharge towards the downstream part of the main channel. It is depicted in the simulation study that uses the river analysis program HEC-RAS 4.0. A cascade of weir

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6

Schutte, Brian J., Nina Klypin, and Manoj K. Shukla. "Influence of Irrigation Timing on Disturbance-Induced Reductions in Soil Seedbank Density." Weed Science 64, no. 4 (December 2016): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00191.1.

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Studies suggest that disturbance-induced reductions in soil seedbank density are diminished by periods of water scarcity after soil disturbance; however, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effects of increasing time between soil disturbance and flood irrigation on disturbance-induced reductions in soil seedbank density, and (2) to identify specific soil moisture levels that cause seedbank reductions under flood irrigation. Weed species in this study were junglerice, Palmer amaranth, and yellow foxtail. For Objective 1, artificial seedba

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7

Rudrapur, Shreeshail, and B. L. Patil. "Impact of Border Strip and Flood Method of Irrigation on Wheat Cultivation in the Malaprabha Command Area of Karnataka." Journal of Agricultural Studies 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i2.7939.

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A study conducted in the Malaprabha command area revealed that border strip method of irrigation was found better in terms of yield, income and water savings in cultivation of wheat. The crop yield was higher in border strip method of irrigation (28.50 q/ha) over flood (20.90 q/ha). The net returns was also higher in border strip method of irrigation (Rs. 20851.01/ha) over flood (Rs. 8024.92/ha). The highest cost of irrigation was found in flood method of irrigation (Rs. 2898.47/ha) compared to border strip method of irrigation (Rs. 2051.13/ha). The highest water consumption was seen under flo

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8

Mundy, G. N., K. J. Nexhip, N. R. Austin, and M. D. Collins. "The influence of cutting and grazing on phosphorus and nitrogen in irrigation runoff from perennial pasture." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02087.

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Runoff from flood-irrigated perennial pastures generally contains higher phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations than the irrigation water applied to the pastures. We examined the sources of P and N that could contribute to these elevated nutrient concentrations in runoff.The first experiment compared P and N losses in runoff from pasture cut to different residual pasture masses. Flow-weighted P and N concentrations and loads were about 100% higher from pasture cut to 47�mm above ground than from pasture standing at 155 mm. These results indicated that severely defoliated pasture may be

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9

Watson, D. J., and G. Drysdale. "Irrigation practices on north-east Victorian dairy farms: a survey." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03231.

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The north-east region of Victoria is an important water-harvesting catchment for gravity-fed irrigators downstream of Lake Mulwala. Dairy farmers are significant users of irrigation water in north-east Victoria but little was known about their irrigation practices and attitudes. A survey undertaken in 2000 collected data on irrigation practices and attitudes from 92% of the irrigating dairy farmers in the region. It found diversity in many aspects of irrigation amongst the region’s irrigated dairy farms, ranging from the proportion of the farm irrigated to the irrigation system used, and ident

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10

He, Yujiang, Wenjing Lin, and Guiling Wang. "The effect of winter flood irrigation with saline water on groundwater in a typical irrigation area." Water Supply 15, no. 2 (November 20, 2014): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.121.

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Flood irrigation in the winter has been widely applied in northwest China for several years, but little attention has been paid to the flood irrigation program to date. In order to seek a reasonable irrigation quota, a flood irrigation experiment using two common quotas (1,800 and 1,200 m3 ha−1) was conducted in an area irrigated by saline water in the Nanjiang basin with shallow groundwater. Soil electrical conductivity in six treatments irrigated by saline water, with various salinity backgrounds, was investigated using Hydra and DDS-307 before and after flood irrigation. The results indicat

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11

Bibi, T., F. Nawaz, A. Abdul Rahman, and A. Latif. "FLOOD HAZARD ASSESSMENT USING PARTICIPATORY APPROACH AND WEIGHTED OVERLAY METHODS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-153-2019.

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Abstract. Unexpected growth of population and urbanization eventually leads towards disasters, might be natural or manmade for instance climate change, the rise in sea level, pollution, landslides, floods, etc. Subsequently, floods are the worst effects of agricultural revolution and comes up as a potential most natural hazard in the world. It couldn’t be stopped but the adverse impact can be minimized through structural and non-structural measures. Flood hazard mapping have a vital role and is an essential element of land use and pre-disaster planning. Moreover, the Earth Observation (EO) dat

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12

Mitchell, Alan R., and M. Th van Genuchten. "Flood Irrigation of a Cracked Soil." Soil Science Society of America Journal 57, no. 2 (March 1993): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700020032x.

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13

Moody, D. Sean, Steven E. Newman, and Douglas A. Hopper. "Pulse Irrigation Strategies for Poinsettias." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 584c—584. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.584c.

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Three irrigation strategies [10% leaching, 0% leaching (pulse), and ebb-and-flood] and two constant liquid feed fertilizer treatments, 150 and 300 ppm N, were applied to poinsettias, `Freedom Red' and `V-17 Angelika Red', with a harvest date of November 25, 1995. There were no differences in plant dry weights among the three irrigation strategies at the 150 ppm N treatment. At 300 ppm N, 10% leaching irrigation grew plants with the greatest dry weights, followed by the ebb-and-flood treatment and the pulse treatment, respectively. The 10% leaching and ebb-and-flood plants had the greatest grow

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14

Ali, AHMZ, SU Ahmed, MM Rahman, and MK Rahman. "Assessment of drip and flood irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.)." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v22i1.46273.

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An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to assess flood, surface and sub-surface drip irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.). Four levels of irrigation treatments were applied: (i) SD1 = Drip irrigation pipe was set up on the surface of the soil ; (ii) SSD2 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 5 cm depth; (iii) SSD3 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 7.5 cm depth and (iv) FI = Flood irrigation was practiced without any drip irrigation pipe. Leaf area, leaf area index and biomass production of maize were significantly (p &l

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15

Sapkota, Anish, Amir Haghverdi, Claudia C. E. Avila, and Samantha C. Ying. "Irrigation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review of Field-Based Studies." Soil Systems 4, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4020020.

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Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler irrigation, on GHG emissions are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review was performed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) by synthesizing existing research that either direc

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16

Jin, Xiaohui, Minjian Chen, Yumiao Fan, Long Yan, and Fang Wang. "Effects of Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Moisture and Groundwater Recharge in the Xiliao River Plain, China." Water 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121755.

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Mulched drip irrigation for maize cultivation has been widely implemented in the Xiliao River Plain in Northeast China in recent years. However, the effects of the change in irrigation method on soil water content and groundwater recharge in this area still remains uncertain. In this study, soil water content under mulched drip irrigation and flood irrigation was measured through field experiments. Soil water movement in the entire growing season under the two irrigation methods was simulated for the quantitative analysis of groundwater recharge by the Hydrus-2D model. Results showed that soil

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17

Umair, Muhammad, Tabassum Hussain, Hanbing Jiang, Ayesha Ahmad, Jiawei Yao, Yongqing Qi, Yucui Zhang, Leilei Min, and Yanjun Shen. "Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102978.

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Groundwater plays a major role in agro-hydrological processes in the North China Plain (NCP). The NCP is facing a water deficit, due to a rapid decline in the water table because of the double cropping system. A two crop (maize and wheat) rotation is required to balance the food supply and demand, which leads to an imbalance between evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation. Thus, there has been a decline of about 1.35 m yr−1 of groundwater (Luancheng Agroecosystem Experimental Station (LAES), NCP) during the last 10 years. Lysimeter experiments were conducted under different irrigation treatm

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18

Liang, Yulian, Yongli Wang, Yinjun Zhao, Yuan Lu, and Xiaoying Liu. "Analysis and Projection of Flood Hazards over China." Water 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051022.

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Floods have been experienced with greater frequency and more severity under global climate change. To understand the flood hazard and its variation in the future, the current and future flood hazards in the 21st century in China are discussed. Floods and their trends are assessed using the accumulation precipitation during heavy rainfall process (AP_HRP), which are calculated based on historical meteorological observations and the outputs of a global climate model (GCM) under three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The flood-causing HRPs counted by the flood-causing critica

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19

Griffin, James L., and Arnold M. Saxton. "Response of Solid‐Seeded Soybean to Flood Irrigation. II. Flood Duration." Agronomy Journal 80, no. 6 (November 1988): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000060009x.

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20

Warner, Jeroen. "Integration through Compartmentalization? Pitfalls of 'Poldering' in Bangladesh." Nature and Culture 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2010.050105.

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The article sketches the history of the Flood Action Plan 20 (FAP-20), an experiment with polder compartmentalization, seeking to integrate flood management, drainage, and irrigation, and make it more democratic in response to the destructive 1987 and 1988 floods in Bangladesh. As a transferred technology the project took too little cognizance of local physical, social, institutional, and economic context and practices to be able to work successfully. The project did bring previously unavailable amenities to the region that served as a shelter area in the floods of 1998.

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21

Kenngott, Kilian G. J., Kai Riess, Katherine Muñoz, Gabriele E. Schaumann, Constanze Buhk, and Dörte Diehl. "Flood Pulse Irrigation of Meadows Shapes Soil Chemical and Microbial Parameters More Than Mineral Fertilization." Soil Systems 5, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5020024.

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While mineral fertilization increases agricultural yields, it also bears the risk of contaminating non-target ecosystems and negatively affecting soil chemical parameters and microbial communities. This calls for alternative and more sustainable agricultural practices that reduce the use of fertilizers. Flood pulse irrigation could be an alternative to mineral fertilization of hay meadows, since it increases the yield with little or no application of fertilizer. However, the positive and negative implications of flood pulse irrigation on soil chemical parameters and particularly soil microbial

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22

Adamczewski, Amandine, Thomas Hertzog, Mireille Dosso, Philippe Jouve, and Jean-Yves Jamin. "Can irrigation replace flood recession for crops?" Cahiers Agricultures 20, no. 1-2 (January 2011): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2011.0469.

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23

Wiedenfeld, Robert, and Robert Stubblefield. "FERTILIZER MOVEMENT AND SALT ACCUMULATION AS AFFECTED BY IRRIGATION METHOD AND GROUND COVER IN MELON PRODUCTION." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1173e—1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1173e.

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Plastic mulch ground cover and drip irrigation have produced substantial increases in yield and earliness of melons. However, such practices affect water movement, and nutrient and salt distribution in the soil. Salt levels in the soil after a melon crop using drip or flood irrigation increased in bare soil but decreased where plastic mulch had been used. Apparently capillary rise of water in response to surface evaporation brought salts up into the root zone. Very little of the applied N was detectable at the end of the study. However, enhanced early vine growth due to N application where dri

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24

Yan, Long, Min-jian Chen, Peng Hu, Di-li Li, and Yong Wang. "An analysis on the influence of precipitation infiltration on groundwater under different irrigation conditions in the semi-arid area." Water Supply 21, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 1111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.011.

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Abstract The West Liaohe Plain is a typical semi-arid area, where the process of rainfall infiltration to replenish groundwater is a key link in its vertical hydrological cycle. In this paper, we compare and analyze the impact upon soil moisture movement and water infiltration after the shift of irrigation method from flood irrigation to mulched drip irrigation under mulch through setting up in-field in-situ observation points and carrying out groundwater depth dynamic observation. The results show that compared with mulched drip irrigation under mulch, flood irrigation has a stronger response

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25

Yang, Wenzhu, Yuehu Kang, Zhiwen Feng, Peng Gu, Huiyang Wen, Lijia Liu, and Yongqin Jia. "Sprinkler Irrigation Is Effective in Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Potato Field in an Arid Region: A Two-Year Field Experiment." Atmosphere 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050242.

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In arid and semi-arid regions, water-saving irrigation is the primary mode of local agricultural production. Since the chemical fertilizer is the principal source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, we present results from a two-year (2016–2017) field experiment on a potato field to verify the general influence of water-saving irrigation on N2O emissions. A split-plot experiment was established with two irrigation systems and two fertilizer treatments, which give a total of four treatments. Two different irrigation systems were investigated: (i) flood irrigation with nitrogen fertilizer (NF-FI)

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Bushira, Kedir Mohammed, and Yassin Mohammed Abdule. "Spate Irrigation Potential Assessment for Ethiopian Watershed." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 7 (June 15, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n7p135.

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In the low lands of Logia sub basin, Ethiopia, because of shortage of rain to fully grow crops, irrigation is an obligation in general and the presence of seasonal rivers flowing in the region in particular makes flood utilization ideal for spate irrigation. The subjects of the present study were to assess the spate irrigation potential of Logiya watershed that has been brought under irrigation on the basis of flood water availability and land suitability. A GIS based technique combined with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to access the potential of the watershed for spate irrig

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Song, Jung-Hun, Moon Seong Kang, Inhong Song, and Sang Min Jun. "Water Balance in Irrigation Reservoirs Considering Flood Control and Irrigation Efficiency Variation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 142, no. 4 (April 2016): 04016003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000989.

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Elliott, George C. "Imbibition of Water by Rockwool-Peat Container Media Amended with Hydrophilic Gel or Wetting Agent." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 5 (September 1992): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.757.

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Water retention at effective water-holding capacity (EWHC) and container capacity (CCAP) were measured in four rockwool-peat potting media amended with a wetting agent and/or a hydrophilic gel in pots 12 cm tall containing 445 cm3 medium, and irrigated by capillary mat, flood-and-drain, trickle emitter, or overhead sprinkler. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until EWHC (i.e., net water retention when no weight increase could be obtained by further irrigation) was reached. CCAP (i.e., net water retention following saturation and free drainage) was measured at t

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29

Akhmedov, Askar. "Result of subsoil irrigation research of alfalfa grown for green feed in Volgo-Akhtubinskaya flood plant." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 53, no. 2 (2008): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0802113a.

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Relevance of subsoil irrigation usage for growing feed crops on alluvial meadow soils is shown. Distribution of pjezometric pressure, along the water emitter line during the irrigating period, is analyzed. Formation of moisture patterns in the soil regarding the quantities of irrigating water and emitters design are considered. In order to define the characteristics of moisture patterns in the soil, depending on the quantities of irrigating water, the ratios of vertical water spreading Kv and forms Kf are calculated. Expediency of usage low irrigating rates is substantiated. As a result of res

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Perches, Mario, and Don Wilkerson. "ACCUMULATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS AS AFFECTED BY EBB AND FLOOD SUBIRRIGATION." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 851d—851. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.851d.

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Ebb and Flood systems provide an efficient means of sub-irrigating greenhouse crops. However, substrate accumulations of soluble salts can limit plant growth. Two treatment irrigation regimes, consisting of 1.70 EC and 0.86 EC, were applied to 7.0 cm pots filled with a standard peat:perlite growing medium. Treatment solutions were changed weekly. All containers were irrigated daily and substrate EC levels measured weekly in the upper, middle, and lower 2.33 cms of the container. Following 6 weeks of observation, mean EC substrate levels ranged from 1.23 mmhos/cm to 4.42 mmhos/cm. Significant d

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31

Mosier, AR, WS Meyer, and FM Melhuish. "Effect of irrigation method on the recovery of 15N fertilizer in a slowly permeable clay soil cropped with maize." Soil Research 24, no. 1 (1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860001.

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A study using 15N~labelled fertilizer was initiated in a lysimeter facility to quantify the amount of N assimilated by maize plants and that which remained in the soil at the end of a cropping season. Maize was planted in 0.43 m2 by 1.35 m deep intact Marah clay loam soil cores removed from an improved pasture in mid-October 1983. Two irrigation treatments, flood-impounding water on the soil for up to 72 h, and control-applying enough water to prevent plant stress without ponding, were employed. The crop was harvested in early April 1984 and the amount of fertilizer- and soil-derived N in the

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Reba, Michele L., and Joseph H. Massey. "Surface Irrigation in the Lower Mississippi River Basin: Trends and Innovations." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13970.

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HighlightsBetween 1950 and 2017, there was a 12-fold increase in irrigated area in Arkansas and a doubling in Louisiana.Groundwater provides over 90% of the irrigation water applied to the 4 Mha of cropland in the LMRB.Ongoing efforts to address aquifer declines have been multi-faceted and include those of producers, public (local, state, and federal) institutions, and private organizations.Irrigation water management innovations include precision grading, reduced-flood or no-flood rice irrigation, pump automation, computerized hole selection, flowmeter requirements, and permit-based water use

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Navarro, V., A. Yustres, M. Candel, and B. Garca. "Soil air compression in clays during flood irrigation." European Journal of Soil Science 59, no. 4 (August 2008): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01035.x.

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Schumann, A., and d. Nijssen. "Shortage and surplus of water in the socio-hydrological context." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-292-2014.

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Abstract. Balancing the temporal variability of hydrological conditions in the long- and short-term is often essential for steady socio-economic conditions. However, this equilibrium is very fragile in many cases. Hydrological changes or socio-economic changes may destroy it in a short time. If we extend the bearing capacity of socio-hydrological systems we increase, in many cases, the harmful consequences of failures. Here, two case studies are discussed to illustrate these problems. The limited success at adapting water resources to increasing human requirements without consideration of the

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35

Roth, R. L., B. R. Gardner, and C. A. Sanchez. "GROWTH AND YIELD OF MATURE CITRUS CONVERTED TO PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 639b—639. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.639b.

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A study was conducted during four seasons to evaluate the performance of mature `Valencia' oranges converted to pressurized irrigation systems. Trickle, bubbler, spray, and sprinkler systems were all compared to the traditional flood-border irrigation. During the second year after conversion, trees irrigated by flood grew significantly more than trees irrigated by any of the pressurized systems. However, there were no differences in tree growth during the third and forth year, suggesting that the trees adapted to the new irrigation systems. Effects of irrigation treatments on leaf concentratio

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Wang, Haibo, Xin Li, and Junlei Tan. "Interannual Variations of Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency over an Oasis Cropland in Arid Regions of North-Western China." Water 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051239.

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The efficient use of limited water resources and improving the water use efficiency (WUE) of arid agricultural systems is becoming one of the greatest challenges in agriculture production and global food security because of the shortage of water resources and increasing demand for food in the world. In this study, we attempted to investigate the interannual trends of evapotranspiration and WUE and the responses of biophysical factors and water utilization strategies over a main cropland ecosystem (i.e., seeded maize, Zea mays L.) in arid regions of North-Western China based on continuous eddy-

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37

Wright, G. C., R. L. Roth, and B. R. Gardner. "693 PB 271 ROOT DISTRIBUTION OF MATURE ORANGE TREES FOLLOWING CONVERSION FROM FLOOD TO PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 532b—532. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.532b.

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Mature `Campbell Nucellar Valencia' trees were converted from border flood irrigation to four pressurized irrigation systems. A border flood irrigation treatment was included as a control. Four years later, roots were collected from 62 holes (10 cm diameter × 120 cm) on a 60 cm grid on one side of each treated tree. For trickle irrigated trees, the highest concentration of roots was found around the emitters, particularly at 30 to 90 cm deep, but some roots appeared to be located below the 120 cm depth. Root distribution was similar for the basin irrigated trees, but the highest concentration

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Elliott, George C. "WATER RETENTION IN SOILLESS POTTING MEDIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1099G—1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1099.

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Water retention was measured in soilless potting media irrigated by capillary mat, flood and drain, drip or overhead sprinkler. Media were amended with wetting agent or hydrophilic polymeric gel. Pots 12 cm high with a volume of 465 cm3 were loose-filled to the top with media. Potted media were wetted overhead with 120 ml water, then pots were randomly assigned to irrigation treatments. Capillary mat irrigation was continuous; other irrigation treatments were applied daily. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until no further retention was measured. Water retenti

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Elliott, George C. "WATER RETENTION IN SOILLESS POTTING MEDIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1099g—1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1099g.

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Water retention was measured in soilless potting media irrigated by capillary mat, flood and drain, drip or overhead sprinkler. Media were amended with wetting agent or hydrophilic polymeric gel. Pots 12 cm high with a volume of 465 cm3 were loose-filled to the top with media. Potted media were wetted overhead with 120 ml water, then pots were randomly assigned to irrigation treatments. Capillary mat irrigation was continuous; other irrigation treatments were applied daily. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until no further retention was measured. Water retenti

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Meus, Lorenzo D., Martina Muttoni, Alex C. Bartz, Tiago A. Kaminski, and Cleber M. Alberto. "CLASSIFICATION OF RICE GRAINS OF LOWLAND CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER FLOOD IRRIGATION AND SPRINKLER IRRIGATION." Engenharia Agrícola 38, no. 4 (August 2018): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v38n4p599-605/2018.

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Gault, RR, AL Bernardi, JA Thompson, JA Andrews, LW Banks, DM Hebb, and J. Brockwell. "Studies on alternative means of legume inoculation: appraisal of application of inoculant suspended in irrigation water (water-run inoculation)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 3 (1994): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940401.

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Water-run inoculation is a novel means of inoculating crop legumes with species of Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobiunz. Inoculant suspended in irrigation water is delivered into the seedbed. This procedure may be apt for situations when a farmer has limited time to sow a large area and more conventional and timeconsuming means of inoculation may create a bottleneck during sowing. Field experiments with water-run inoculation of irrigated soybeans were conducted at 2 sites using furrow or flood irrigation. With furrow irrigation immediately after sowing, rhizobia-laden water had to infiltrate the soil

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42

Khan, Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Imran, Anwar-ul-Hassan Khan, Ali Fares, Jiří Šimůnek, Tanveer Ul-Haq, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, and Shafaqat Ali. "Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052757.

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Pakistan is facing severe water shortages, so using the available water efficiently is essential for maximizing crop production. This can be achieved through efficient irrigation practices. Field studies were carried out to determine the dynamics of soil water and the efficiency of water utilization for maize grown under five irrigation techniques (flood-irrigated flatbed, furrow-irrigated ridge, furrow-irrigated raised bed, furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch, and sprinkler-irrigated flatbed). Spring and summer maize was grown for two years. The Irrigation Management System (IManSy

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43

Aldryhim, Y., and S. Al-Bukiri. "Effect of Irrigation on Within-Grove Distribution of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorous ferrugineus." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol8iss1pp47-49.

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The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorous ferrugineus (Oliv.) is the most important pest attacking date palm trees. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drip and flood irrigation on the within-grove distribution of RPW. The current study was started with the first appearance of the infestation to almost disappearance of the infestation. Results showed that more infested trees were detected in plots with flood irrigation. The number of infested trees in these plots represented 89% of the total infested trees. This study suggested that irrigation management and soil moisture

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Jaynes, D. B. "Field Study of Bromacil Transport under Continuous-Flood Irrigation." Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, no. 3 (May 1991): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500030004x.

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Ohmoto, Terunori. "On Flood-Control and Irrigation Works by Kiyomasa Katou." HISTORICAL STUDIES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 18 (1998): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalhs1990.18.265.

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van den Akker, J., C. T. Simmons, and J. L. Hutson. "Salinity Effects from Evaporation and Transpiration under Flood Irrigation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 137, no. 12 (December 2011): 754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000364.

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Schultz, Bart. "Role of Dams in Irrigation, Drainage and Flood Control." International Journal of Water Resources Development 18, no. 1 (March 2002): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620220121710.

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Heatherly, Larry G., and H. C. Pringle. "Soybean Cultivars' Response to Flood Irrigation of Clay Soil." Agronomy Journal 83, no. 1 (January 1991): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300010053x.

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García-Garizábal, I., J. Causapé, and R. Abrahao. "Nitrate contamination and its relationship with flood irrigation management." Journal of Hydrology 442-443 (June 2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.03.017.

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Muhamad Tamyez, Puteri Fadzline, Natalie Christiane Isabella Gerth, Abdul Rahman Zahari, and Mohd Nizam Abdul Rashid. "Analyzing The Critical Factors for Humanitarian Response on Flood-Related Disaster." International Journal of Industrial Management 10 (March 5, 2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.10.1.2021.6057.

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Every year, thousands of people in Malaysia have to be moved out and be relinquished from their homes due to heavy rainfall and poor irrigation system that led to a flood situation especially on monsoon season. Thus, the current study aims to concentrate on the two central aspects of disaster management in the context of flood disaster management in Kuantan, Pahang by the means of a mixed-method approach. The effectiveness of communication mechanisms in the case of floods is assessed with quantitative analysis using descriptive design. On another note, this study also takes a closer look at th

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