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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Freedom from Foreign Rule"
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Nilsson, Therese, and Petra Inwinkl. "The Swedish Taxation on Loans from Foreign Companies." EC Tax Review 20, Issue 2 (2011): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2011009.
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On 1 January 2010, the Swedish government changed the rule on taxation of prohibited loans between Swedish companies and their shareholders and extended the regulation to loans granted by foreign companies. By changing the rule to also comprise foreign companies, the government aims to eliminate tax avoidance. The inclusion of foreign corporations in national legislation has been subject to criticism by the consultative bodies in the government bill and in the legal debate. The expression of discontent is due to the fact that the extension of the statutory rules to foreign companies does not comply with the freedom of establishment. This article aims to provide a response as to whether the changes of the rule on taxation of prohibited loans are compatible with the freedom of establishment and, consequently, whether the Swedish government commits, by the extension of the statutory rules to foreign companies, a breach of the right of the freedom of establishment.
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Dr., Gopal Sinha. "RAJA RAO'S KANTHAPURA AS THE MICROCOSM OF THE INDIAN ETHOS AND CULTURE EMBODIED IN A TALE FOR FREEDOM FROM FOREIGN RULE." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 6 (2017): 362–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.821515.
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‘Kanthapura’ is a Gandhian saga which appears more as a ‘sthala-purana’. It is dominated by the place and not by the people. Raja Rao has not created any heores or heroines in this novel. It is not the story of the actions of any hero or god or goddess. It is the story of the actions of the entire village. The novel deals with its topography, its products, its myths and legends, its religion and society and its caste-ridden people. It describes the impact of the Gandhian freedom movement on this tiny village, its unequal fight against the forces of British imperialism and the sufferings of the people. The end of the novel sees the end of this village. There is an exodus of the survivors to Kashipura. The village rose as one man against foreign rule and was temporarily defeated. The village houses were destroyed. But the spirit that was generated was undying and ultimately resulted in complete independence of the country.
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Nyström, Wilhelm. "Saving the ATAD CFC Regime Through Abuse of Law or the Rule of Reason." Intertax 49, Issue 3 (2021): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2021021.
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This article revisits the debate about the extent to which the controlled foreign company (CFC) rules in the Anti-Tax Avoidande Directive (ATAD) are compatible with the EU fundamental freedoms. It considers why the ATAD CFC rules may restrict those freedoms and whether that conflict may be resolved by recourse to the general principle of abuse of law, which may prevent a taxpayer from relying on a fundamental freedom and thus prevent the restriction from arising, or to the rule of reason, which may serve to justify the restriction. The paper considers whether these may be treated as separate doctrines and some implications of doing so. The paper reaffirms that the ATAD CFC rules may be considered to be incompatible with the fundamental freedoms as interpreted in Cadbury Schweppes. Then, by reference to recent CJEU decisions, the paper interprets new standards of artificiality and reassesses the aforementioned incompatibility. Firstly, the now expanded anti-abuse principle may, in many instances, prevent the restriction from arising. Secondly, the now more generous rule of reason holds the restriction largely justified in relation to third states, and this should be extended also to intra-EU situations. Ultimately, the ATAD CFC regime is likely to be considered mostly compatible with the fundamental freedoms. Direct tax, EU law, ATAD, CFC rules, Cadbury Schweppes, fundamental freedoms, rule of reason, abuse of law, overriding reason in the public interest, avoidance.
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Rachaiah. "GANDHIAN CONSTRUCTIVE PROGRAMME AND THEIR UTILITY TO SOCIETY." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 180–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2651969.
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Mahatma Gandhi was a great nation builder. His idea of freedom was freedom from hunger, freedom from dependency, freedom from hanging over unnatural sources of power. Before claiming for power he decided to rebuild India which was destroyed by foreign yoke, He played a major role in the struggle for Indian independence was not just aimed at liberating the country from the slavery of foreign rule. He mainly aimed at restructuring Indian society, reconstructing Indian economy and rejuvenating Indian rural life. His responsibility as a sole leader of the masses was to lead the people towards their final goal of freedom. Side by side with nation building. Both are quintessential for India at that time. India in the early decades of nineteenth century needed a dynamic leader with multidimensional view of the country as a whole the country needed a leader with far sightedness of a shrewd politician as well as a smooth handling of a social reformer. In this context his ideal of constructive programme attracts the attention. No doubt he fulfilled the aspirations of the millions by successfully leading them towards their ultimate goal: independence. How he succeeded in his policy of rebuilding the country, rejuvenating its industry is debatable. Here is an attempt to put his constructive programmes and their utility to the nation as a whole. Along with freedom from foreign rule Gandhiji insisted on starting with a firm economic development.
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Mamajanov, Abrorbek. "RESPONSIBILITY FOR ARBITRARINESS IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Jurisprudence 1, no. 6 (2021): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.1.6./bmjx3029.
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The main goal of the reforms carried out in the republic is to create conditions for a comfortable life for every person. All adopted laws are aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms, legitimate interests, honor, dignity, and freedom of citizens. Reform should serve not for reforms, but above all for a person, to ensure human interests. And such a socially negative phenomenon as crime hinders the development of society and the implementation of reforms. Fighting it can give the expected effect only with strict observance of the current legislation. One of the tasks of a democratic state governed by the rule of law is to ensure the observance of laws by members of society, increase the responsibility of law enforcement agencies for this, and protect citizens from dangers and harassment from outside. It is necessary to note the special role of the parliament in the systematic work carried out in our country to further reform, strengthen and liberalize the judicial and legal sphere on a democratic basis. During this period, about 30 legislative acts adopted by the parliament have become an important factor in ensuring the rule of law, strengthening the independence of the judiciary, increasing the efficiency of the law enforcement system in the reliable protection of human rights and freedoms.
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S, Dineskanth. "Anti-Colonial Thoughts Emerged in Bharathiyar's Works - A Perspective." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-11 (2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s116.
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The colonial system is one of the systems of government in the world. A "Colonial State" is a form of government developed in a non-European society that was directly subordinated to European colonial powers such as Britain, France, Holland, and Portugal. This model of government developed historically only after the sixteenth century. A colonial state is created through the means of conquering the people of a state or colony by treaty or force of arms; settling and building systems compatible with the social, political, and economic systems of the mother country; and ruling the foreign country under its authority under the sovereignty of the mother country. The colonial state represents the aspirations of the colonial state and not the aspirations of society. India, which is the superpower of South Asia, was once ruled by the colonial government and lost its autonomy. It evolved into an independent country in 1947 due to the desire for freedom of the Indian nation planted in the minds of the Indian people. Liberation from colonial rule was achieved through a moral and armed struggle by moderate and extremist activists. Mahakavi Subramania Bharathiyar was one of the prominent figures in the Indian freedom struggle against colonial rule. Bharathiyar yearned to breathe the air of freedom from childhood. He celebrated the Goddess of Freedom by putting an end to oppression and slavery. Through newspapers, songs and poetry, he inculcated anti-colonial ideas into people's minds. He made people participate in the Indian freedom struggle by inviting them to celebrate the achievement of freedom. He guided them to act bravely against the tyrannical rule of the colonial government and not to live like ordinary people. Due to Bharathiyar's activities, people started mobilising against the colonial government. It is a matter of pride that Bharathi also played a part in conjuring up the dream of an independent India and spreading anti-colonial ideas.
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Paul, Justin, and Pravin Jadhav. "Institutional determinants of foreign direct investment inflows: evidence from emerging markets." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 2 (2019): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-11-2018-0590.
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Purpose Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a strategic decision for achieving competitive advantage by multinational enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of institutional determinants of FDI using data from 24 emerging markets including China, India, Indonesia, Turkey, Thailand, Malaysia and Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach In order to identify factors that attract FDI in emerging markets, this study has used data from sources such as the World Bank, Index of Economic Freedom and UNCTAD. Findings The findings of this research indicate that infrastructure quality, trade cost measured by tariff and non-tariff barriers, institutional quality measured by effective rule of law, political stability, regulatory quality and control on corruption are significant determinants of FDI in emerging markets. Originality/value This is the first study to analyze the sectoral institutional determinants of Inward FDI in the important emerging economies, to the best of authors’ knowledge.
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Hossain, Shakib, and Abu Zafar Ahmed Mukul. "Does Institutional Quality and Economic Freedom Impact on Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence From Developing Countries." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, no. 4 (2018): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i4.13973.
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Using panel data analysis, it is an attempt to estimates the significance of institutional quality and economic freedom on foreign direct investment for a sample of 79 developing countries from 1998 to 2014. Panel unit root, pedroni residual cointegration test, vector error correction model, generalized least square (GLS), feasible GLS (FGLS), pooled OLS, random effect, fixed effect, poisson regression, prais-winsten, generalized method of movement (GMM) and generalized estimating equation (GEE) method are utilizing for estimates the importance of institutional qualities and economic freedom for facilitating foreign direct investment. VECM confirms that there is a long run relationship among the tested variables means that commensurate institutional quality and substantive economic freedom stimulates foreign direct investment. According to the OLS method ,for the institutional quality the coefficient implies that a one standard deviation improvement in political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory qualities, rules of law and control of corruption increases FDI by 24.6%, 31.6%, 12.8%, 23.9% and 37.7% and on the other hand for the economic freedom , the coefficient implies that a one standard deviation improvement in business freedom, trade freedom, government size, investment freedom, property rights, freedom from corruption, labor freedom, financial freedom, fiscal freedom, monetary freedom increases FDI by 28.4%, 32.7%, 29.5%,22.8%, 29.0%, 36.4%,29.3%, 37.5%, 46.1% and 38.2% respectively. By using the other methods like random effect, fixed effect, poisson regression, prais-winsten and generalized estimating equation (GEE) method explores that both the institutional quality and economic freedom are influencing on FDI in the developing countries.
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Akbar, Rasona Sunara. "PROBLEMATICS OF REQUIRED LIBERATION OF FOREIGN CITIZENS AND ITS SUPERVISORY MECHANISMS." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 1, no. 1 (2018): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v1i1.11.
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Indonesia is a country that places law as the only rule to play in society, nation and state. To limit freedom which is a human right, legal rules arise which aim to regulate public order, one of which is criminal law, which is a sanction law. Prison sentences in Indonesia, better known as correctional services, are one of the sanctions that aim to create a sense of suffering for the convicted person for losing freedom of movement, 
 guiding convicts to repentance, educating him to become a useful member of Indonesian socialist society. One of the products of Corrections in realizing this is through parole, which is not only valid for Indonesian citizens but also for foreign nationals. Immigration as a state apparatus that handles foreigners both related to traffic and its supervision while in the Indonesian territory cannot be separated from the issue of parole for foreign inmates, especially in matters of residence permit and supervision. 
 The author concludes that the mechanism for the implementation of Conditional Exemption and its supervision for foreign nationals is still considered ineffective because it is not in accordance with the principle of selective policy. In addition, the coordination carried out between Immigration and Correctional Services in the provision of parole to foreigners is only limited to fulfilling the conditions for the provision of parole for foreign citizens (administrative), but regarding the implementation of supervision there is no clear coordination where each institution only runs individual duties and functions.
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Kong, Hang. "Study on the Application of Rules for Normal Business Buyers." Lecture Notes in Education, Arts, Management and Social Science 3, no. 2 (2025): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.18063/lne.v3i2.737.
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Effectively allocating rights and obligations between parties in guarantee relationships is essential to balancing the guarantor’s discretionary freedom and the security interests of the guarantee right holder. This issue has long been a focal point in the reform of the chattel guarantee system. The “normal business buyer rule” stipulated in Article 320(a) of Part 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) in the United States is a legislative approach aimed at harmonizing the inherent conflict between efficiency and security in commercial transactions. Similar provisions exist in Article 102 of the Model European Civil Code and Article 34 of the Model Law on Secured Transactions. However, despite its global prominence in chattel guarantee reforms, this system faces challenges of “acclimatization” when transplanted into the Civil Code. Critics argue that while comparative law establishes “normal business buyer rules” to sever the pursuit of security interests in chattel guarantees, it simultaneously allows for the extension of guarantee rights to income derived from the secured property, preventing excessive disposal freedoms granted to debtors from undermining security interests. In contrast, China’s chattel guarantee system reform adopts the “normal business buyer rules” from foreign legal frameworks but neglects corresponding “income disposal” provisions to mitigate risks. This omission raises concerns about protecting mortgagees’ interests.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Freedom from Foreign Rule"
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Neff, Pamela S. "Freedom of Religion or Freedom from Religion? The New Laicite in France." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1351638370.
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Dasan, Sathish Kumar. "From Soweto to freedom : an analysis of the capacity of South Africa to accept majority rule post-apartheid /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard229.pdf.
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Osoegawa, Taku. "Coping with Syria : international relations theory and the case of Lebanon from civil war to indirect rule (1975-2002)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13847.
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This thesis is a study of international relations theory and the case of the Lebanese state's relations with Syria between 1975 and 2002. It aims to answer the following questions: (1) Why has Lebanon generally "bandwagoned" with Syria, a country which has managed to intervene in and subdue it at the expense of Lebanese sovereignty. (2) How have Lebanese state officials, along with other political actors, tried to manipulate Syria for their own interests, whether to defend Lebanese sovereignty, to maintain and increase their status, or to contain and appease their rivals and opponents. (3) Parallel to the discussions generated by these two questions, which kinds of theory are relevant to or best explain Lebanese relations with Syria. Specifically this study demonstrates that the behavior of a penetrated weak state, Lebanon, toward a regional middle power, Syria, cannot usefully be explained by simple realism's state-to-state power balancing model. Rather, it is necessary to differentiate the multitude of state (office-holders) and sub-state actors. In addition, their behavior can only be explained by a combination of factors identified in a variety of theories: reaction to an external threat (simple realism) which explain a very few cases; "omni-alignments" against interrelated threats (complex realism) which result from the weaknesses of the Lebanese state and which explain much more; still powerful transstate ties (constructivism) which themselves needed to be understood in terms of the contradiction between sovereignty and identity and which have some impact; and complex interdependence and shared interests (pluralism) which generally exist between Lebanese and Syrian elites.
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Garretson, Debra J. "The externalities from a foreign rule on India and Japan a study of the correlation between economy and culture /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/garretsond/debragarretson.pdf.
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Högström, Oskar, and Ida Norén. "The transformed relevance of economic freedom in Africa and influence from Chinese FDI : A fixed effects panel data study from 2009 to 2019." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447349.
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During the last 20 years there has been a rapid increase of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. Through examination of published research, we discover that Chinese FDI does not appear to clearly follow traditional assumptions of FDI. Especially in relation to economic freedom. This uncertainty, combined with lacking empirical research and limited available data in the region, led us to the aim of this work. We have set out to examine whether economic freedom is a determinant of Chinese FDI in Africa. For this purpose, a biennial panel data study for the years 2009 to 2019 was constructed. Fixed effects models using indices for economic freedom and relevant control variables are employed. The results show that economic freedom as defined by the Fraser Institute has a negative effect on Chinese FDI. Further, high levels of regulation reduces Chinese FDI. These findings stand in contrast to traditional theory on FDI determinants.
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Beheshtitabar, Elham, and Asset Irgaliyev. "The Impact of Economic Freedom on FDI Inflows to Developing Countries: The Case of the Middle East." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1332.
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<p>This paper investigates the impact of Economic Freedom on FDI inflows to developing countries and the Middle East in particular. Four forms of Economic Freedom were tested as variables determining FDI inflow. These four variables were Freedom from Corruption, Government Size, Trade Freedom and Investment Freedom. Cross-sectional data for twelve Middle Eastern countries and forty-three other developing countries were gathered for 1995 and 2006. It was revealed that only Trade Freedom and Invest-ment Freedom were significant in both Middle East and other regions. Apart from one case, the general positive sign of the significant variables confirms our hypothesis re-garding the positive effects of these Economic Freedoms on FDI inflows. Based on these findings it can be recommended to improve the investment environment and re-duce the barriers to trade in order to attract more FDI.</p>
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Nilsson, Therese. "Taxation on loans from foreign undertakings : The Swedish legislation and its compatibility with the freedom of establishment within the European Union." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12277.
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<p>On January 1, 2010, the Swedish government changed the national rule on taxation of loans between Swedish companies and their shareholders to also comprise loans granted by foreign companies. By changing the rule to also comprise foreign companies, the government aimed to eliminate the newly discovered tax planning which is carried out by an owner establishing a holding company in another Member State from which he lends tax-free means for private consumption. These proceedings result in major tax revenue losses for Sweden since the shareholder’s income was not taxable in Sweden before the change. This change has been subject for criticism by the consultative bodies in the government bill and in the legal debate. The expression of discontent is due to the fact that the changes do not comply with the freedom of establishment. As far as is known, no one has analyzed whether this statement is correct. Therefore, this thesis aims to provide an answer to whether the changes of the rule on taxation of prohibited loans are compatible with the freedom of establishment and consequently whether the Swedish government made a mistake when changing the rule to also comprise foreign companies. Due to the freedom of establishment, it is prohibited for the Member States to take measures which restrict or make nationals refrain from establishing abroad. Intra-state loans are prohibited why they hardly ever occur and the taxation on loans therefore in practice only applies to foreign companies. Legislation in a Member State which only applies to foreign persons constitutes prohibited discrimination. Further, the high tax burden hinders nationals from taking advantage of another Member State’s more favourable legislation and makes the nationals refrain from establishing in other Member States. It is therefore considered that the rule is restrictive to the freedom of establishment. However, such a restrictive rule as in this case is justified by the aim of preventing tax avoidance taken together with the balanced allocation of taxing power between the Member States. Thus, the government makes Sweden breach EU law since the rule is not proportionate despite the justifications. The rule is too general designed since it is restrictive to all foreign undertakings and not just the holding companies with which the tax planning are performed. Further, there are other less restrictive solutions to the problem which have the same effect as the rule in question.</p>
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KUBILIUS, Severija Laisvune. "The Emergence of External Propaganda for the Lithuanian Cause. From Tsarist Rule Until the Recognition of Lithuania (ca. 1890-1922)." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/97652.
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Walsh, Tamara. "Overruling the Underclass? Homelessness and the Law in Queensland." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16161/.
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The impact of the law on the lives of homeless people in Queensland has, to date, remained largely unexplored by legal academics and researchers. This is despite the fact that homeless people experience a number of legal difficulties that seriously affect their lives. This thesis by published papers aims to make a significant and original contribution to filling this gap in the research evidence by presenting the results of analyses of the legal, theoretical and practical issues that arise in the context of homeless persons' interactions with the legal system in Queensland. Most notably, it is comprised of three pieces of empirical research which identify those areas of law that impact most on homeless people in Queensland and explore the consequences of the operation of these laws on their lives. In sum, this thesis examines the extent of the law's influence on the lives of homeless people in Queensland, and finds that the consequences of the law's operation on homeless people in Queensland are serious. The thesis first examines the effect on Queensland's homeless people of laws which regulate behaviour conducted in public space. The criminal offences of vagrancy, begging and public nuisance are analysed; their historical origins, the reasons for their retention on modern statute books, and arguments in favour of their repeal are discussed. The impact of 'public space law' on homeless people in Queensland is also explored through a survey of 30 homeless people residing in inner-city Brisbane. This part of the thesis concludes that public space law in Queensland results in breaches of homeless persons' human rights, as well as the contravention of rule of law principles. The thesis then explores the impact of the law on homeless persons' experiences of citizenship. Empirical research and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the application of various laws, particularly public space laws, social security laws and electoral laws, encroaches on homeless persons' citizenship rights. The thesis then reports on the results of a unique survey of Queensland's homelessness service providers. This survey is the most extensive piece of empirical research ever conducted on the extent to which various laws impact on homeless people. Respondents were asked to indicate which areas of law impact most adversely on their homeless clients. Based on the research findings outlined above, the hypothesis was that criminal law issues, particularly public space offences, would be proven to impact particularly adversely on homeless people in Queensland. Somewhat unexpectedly, the findings of the survey indicated that fines law, debt law and family law difficulties are those legal difficulties most often encountered by homeless people in Queensland. Difficulties produced by criminal laws, social security laws and electoral laws, while still generally relevant, rated less highly. However, the survey did demonstrate that experiences differ between sub-groups within the homeless population, for example Indigenous homeless people were reported to be most affected by criminal law issues, while young homeless people were reported to be most affected by social security law issues. Together, the five papers which comprise this thesis make an original and substantial contribution to knowledge by identifying empirically for the first time the various laws that have a significant impact on the lives of homeless people in Queensland, and analysing the consequences of this in terms of their effect on homeless persons' citizenship rights, human rights and rule of law entitlements.
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Walsh, Tamara. "Overruling the underclass? : homelessness and the Law in Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16161/1/Tamara_Walsh_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The impact of the law on the lives of homeless people in Queensland has, to date, remained largely unexplored by legal academics and researchers. This is despite the fact that homeless people experience a number of legal difficulties that seriously affect their lives.
This thesis by published papers aims to make a significant and original contribution to filling this gap in the research evidence by presenting the results of analyses of the legal, theoretical and practical issues that arise in the context of homeless persons' interactions with the legal system in Queensland. Most notably, it is comprised of three pieces of empirical research which identify those areas of law that impact most on homeless people in Queensland and explore the consequences of the operation of these laws on their lives. In sum, this thesis examines the extent of the law's influence on the lives of homeless people in Queensland, and finds that the consequences of the law's operation on homeless people in Queensland are serious.
The thesis first examines the effect on Queensland's homeless people of laws which regulate behaviour conducted in public space. The criminal offences of vagrancy, begging and public nuisance are analysed; their historical origins, the reasons for their retention on modern statute books, and arguments in favour of their repeal are discussed. The impact of 'public space law' on homeless people in Queensland is also explored through a survey of 30 homeless people residing in inner-city Brisbane. This part of the thesis concludes that public space law in Queensland results in breaches of homeless persons' human rights, as well as the contravention of rule of law principles.
The thesis then explores the impact of the law on homeless persons' experiences of citizenship. Empirical research and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the application of various laws, particularly public space laws, social security laws and electoral laws, encroaches on homeless persons' citizenship rights.
The thesis then reports on the results of a unique survey of Queensland's homelessness service providers. This survey is the most extensive piece of empirical research ever conducted on the extent to which various laws impact on homeless people. Respondents were asked to indicate which areas of law impact most adversely on their homeless clients. Based on the research findings outlined above, the hypothesis was that criminal law issues, particularly public space offences, would be proven to impact particularly adversely on homeless people in Queensland. Somewhat unexpectedly, the findings of the survey indicated that fines law, debt law and family law difficulties are those legal difficulties most often encountered by homeless people in Queensland. Difficulties produced by criminal laws, social security laws and electoral laws, while still generally relevant, rated less highly. However, the survey did demonstrate that experiences differ between sub-groups within the homeless population, for example Indigenous homeless people were reported to be most affected by criminal law issues, while young homeless people were reported to be most affected by social security law issues.
Together, the five papers which comprise this thesis make an original and substantial contribution to knowledge by identifying empirically for the first time the various laws that have a significant impact on the lives of homeless people in Queensland, and analysing the consequences of this in terms of their effect on homeless persons' citizenship rights, human rights and rule of law entitlements.
Książki na temat "Freedom from Foreign Rule"
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Lanka), Workshop on International Financial Institutions: Impact on Democracy &. Governance in South Asia (2008 Sri. Freedom from debt & domination: Case studies from South Asia. Vikas Adhyayan Kendra, 2008.
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Workshop on International Financial Institutions: Impact on Democracy & Governance in South Asia (2008 Sri Lanka). Freedom from debt & domination: Case studies from South Asia. Vikas Adhyayan Kendra, 2008.
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Workshop on International Financial Institutions: Impact on Democracy & Governance in South Asia (2008 Sri Lanka). Freedom from debt & domination: Case studies from South Asia. Vikas Adhyayan Kendra, 2008.
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Garcia, Ed. The sovereign quest: Freedom from foreign military bases. Claretian Publications, 1988.
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Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Freedom from fear: Canada's foreign policy for human security. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 2002.
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Cheng, Shuaihua. From rule takers to rule makers: The growing role of Chinese in global governance. Research Center for Chinese Politics & Business, Indiana University, 2012.
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Ballard, John R. From storm to freedom: America's long war with Iraq. Naval Institute Press, 2010.
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Marples, David R. Belarus: From Soviet rule to nuclear catastrophe. St. Martin's Press, 1996.
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Benn, David Wedgwood. From glasnost to freedom of speech: Russian openness and international relations. Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992.
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Benn, David Wedgwood. From glasnost to freedom of speech: Russian openness and international relations. Pinter Publishers, 1992.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Freedom from Foreign Rule"
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Marat, Uraimov. "China’s Emerging Political and Economic Dominance in the OSCE Region." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_5.
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AbstractThe presence of China in the OSCE region is becoming resilient, particularly after Beijing began providing infrastructural loans to OSCE states. The size of the issued infrastructural loans in less developed economies is disproportionate to national economies, resulting in the borrowing countries becoming incapable of paying back the loans. In this chapter, I argue that China’s practices of infrastructural loans and China’s overall standing on minority issues and democratization contradicts the OSCE core principles and undermines OSCE integrity. To illustrate this, I use, first, the example of the promotion of non-democratic practices through non-transparent procurement, surveillance of civilians, and supply of police hardware for suppression and control of political dissidents (based on evidence from Eastern and Central Europe, and Central Asia) and, for the second example, I illustrate the violation of minority rights in re-education camps in the Xinjiang region (based on political and civic reaction from Central Asia), which Chinese authorities call “Vocational Education and Training Centers.” The first example helps to analyze how Chinese foreign loans contradict the democratic commitments of the borrowing countries. Chinese infrastructural loans promote non-democratic practices in borrowing countries through unfair, non-transparent procurement in infrastructural development projects. The Chinese side also provides surveillance systems and anti-protest police vehicles and ammunition which help to undermine individual rights and freedoms. The second example helps to analyze the reaction of Central Asian Muslim countries toward China’s treatment of kin-groups, namely the lack of critical reaction of CA states despite their OSCE-membership and commitment toward promotion of individual rights and freedoms (including freedom of faith). China has been providing infrastructural loans to most OSCE member states over the past two decades; and these member states have not officially responded to Chinese treatment of their own kin-groups, such as Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur minorities—according to the OSCE core principles on minority rights. The OSCE core principles are categorized under the “human dimension” to ensure OSCE states’ “respect for individual rights and fundamental freedoms” and their commitment to “abide by the rule of law; promote principles of democracy; strengthen and protect democratic institutions” Yamamoto (2015). Most likely if there were no infrastructural loans from China, the OSCE countries under analysis would respond to Chinese domestic policy toward ethnic minorities critically. Most likely, by providing surveillance and police machinery, China tends to support the existing political regimes in borrowing countries and, by its non-transparent procurement, it does not encourage enforcement of laws.
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Crawford, Beverly. "Foreign Economic Policy in Europe: From Rule-Maker to Rule-Breaker in the European Monetary Union." In Power and German Foreign Policy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598331_4.
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Foulk, David. "Viva La Resistencia! Francs from the Foreign-Based French, 1940–1942." In The Price of Freedom. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09066-0_5.
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SarDesai, D. R. "Filipino Urge for Freedom from Spanish and U.S. Rule." In Southeast Asia. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25510-8_13.
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SarDesai, D. R. "Filipino Urge for Freedom from Spanish and U.S. Rule." In Southeast Asia. Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23490-5_13.
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SarDesai, D. R. "Filipino Urge for Freedom from Spanish and U.S. Rule." In Southeast Asia. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20185-3_13.
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Gay Montalvo, Eugenio. "Talks from the World Law Congress: Constitution, Democracy, and Freedom. The Rule of Law as Guarantee of Freedom." In Encyclopedia of Contemporary Constitutionalism. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31739-7_172-1.
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Lorimer, Marta. "The battle for Europe’s freedom." In Europe as Ideological Resource. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198892366.003.0004.
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Abstract This chapter shows how the MSI/AN and the RN employed the concept of liberty to define Europe. It shows how in their early years and in the context of the Cold War, both parties stressed the need for Europe to become free from foreign interference. This came with a call for Europe to become an international power, equipped with a common defence policy and able to project influence beyond its borders. From the early 1990s onwards, the parties’ positions diverged. While the MSI/AN remained committed to its view of Europe as a foreign policy actor, the RN increasingly refocused its discourse on ideas of domestic self-rule. Using the language of freedom, self-rule, and autonomy to define their views on Europe, the chapter argues, presented the parties with an occasion to foster an image as actors holding positions common, rather than exceptional, to the shared language of national politics.
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Dubois, Laurent, and Richard Lee Turits. "Transformation in Jamaica, Grenada, and Haiti." In Freedom Roots. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653600.003.0008.
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In the last decades of the twentieth century, the Caribbean saw multiple and dramatic political efforts to transform state and society. New governments sought to embrace popular classes as equal members of society as almost never before and to create unprecedented forms of equality, both economically and culturally. This chapter explores three such attempts at transformation: Jamaica under Michael Manley, Maurice Bishop and the Grenada Revolution, and Jean-Bertrand Aristide’s first government in Haiti. Unlike the Cuban Revolution, these leaders excited expectations for change within still mostly capitalist economies. Manley and Aristide led democratic governments, while Grenada sustained one-party rule. The outcomes of reform efforts in these three nations varied from enduring progress to poignant tragedy. The chapter explores the powerful challenges these new Caribbean governments faced, domestic and foreign, economic and political. It shows how after the English-speaking Caribbean gained independence in the 1960s and 1970s, their trajectories began to overlap with that of the older independent Caribbean, as national sovereignty made them suddenly more vulnerable to the region’s predominant twentieth-century empire, the United States.
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Morlino, Leonardo, and Daniela Piana. "Freedoms." In Equality, Freedom, and Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813873.003.0003.
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Freedoms include personal dignity, civil rights, and political rights. For personal dignity, when considering violence perpetrated by police, there is a significant improvement until the very beginning of the twenty-first century, with the strengthening of existing institutions and the creation of new ones. Later, the index of Amnesty International displays the growth of State violence, mainly in 2015–17. As regards civil rights, a national movement is less affected than foreign movement. Especially in Poland, freedoms of movement protection have suffered the most from the recent change to some constitutional rules. Moreover, all countries—but especially France and the UK—saw restrictions on freedoms of mobility due to a set of administrative measures aimed at preventing terrorism. The protection of freedom of religion is stable. Finally, citizens continue to experience limitations to economic freedom. As for political rights, they were affected by the decline of the freedom of the press. The right to citizenship was affected by the waves of migration and the rise of international terrorism. These phenomena brought about defensive reactions and paved the way for a broad and easily politicized opposition to the extension of the rights to political participation and citizenship for people with foreign origins. Poland shows the most worrying deterioration, notably in terms of fundamental rights. There is relative stability in all other cases with lower and higher results. However, when considering all the freedoms, the critical aspect of putting at the core of our analysis is timing.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Freedom from Foreign Rule"
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Ćorić, Dragana. "GARANCIJE ŽIVOTA U KRALjEVINI SRBA, HRVATA I SLOVENACA – ODJECI VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA U NjEGOVOM TRAJANjU I DANAS." In 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.305c.
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The Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, adopted on June 28, 1921, established a certain framework of rights and freedoms of citizens in the new state, in a different way than it had been until then. The constitution did not recognize nobility, titles, "or any advantages by birth," except for the King and his family. It guaranteed personal freedom and freedom of religion - again within the limits allowed by law; freedom of conscience and the press, the right of association, assembly and agreement. He forbade greenery, abolished feudal relations, and on the day of liberation from foreign rule, the peons became, without compensation, the owners of the state land on which they had worked until then. This Constitution also provided for freedom from the death penalty and the principles of talion,except in cases of attacks on the King and members of the Royal House. The paper outlines the picture of life in the new community, as conceived by this constitution. The results of this constitution from the moment of its adoption to its repeal and onwards are analyzed. Since this constitution was the foundation of a new state and a new society, the analysis with previous acts is not possible, because there are no parameters of the same name for comparison. Therefore, this act can be considered only pro futuro, even after its repeal, because the echoes of this act still exist today.
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Rašević, Živorad. "The Australian immigration law in a public emergency: The infamous Djokovic case." In Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship 2024. Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/eee24010r.
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Australian immigration law and policy have often been criticised for inconsistency with international human rights standards. Their arbitrary character is demonstrated in one example from the Australian case law that spurred a global debate on the legitimacy of the public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic. This is the case of the government's cancellation of the visa of the famous tennis player Novak Djokovic, who entered Australia to compete in the tennis tournament in January 2022. This government's denial interfered with his freedom not to follow public official recommendations and policies. This paper investigates the limits of the government's discretion to take emergency measures for public health protection analysing procedural and substantive aspects of decisions that have struck this famous tennis player. Proceeding from universally accepted theoretical stances on the rule of law and human rights it evaluates a legal basis, argumentation and legal consequences of the decisions of the Australian government and the Federal Court. Eventually, this case indicates that all such decisions may be justified by the public interest, although such unfavourable treatment of a foreigner can hardly be justified. In short, foreigners cannot rely upon guarantees of human rights and the rule of law, because of the ignorance of relevant international standards, vague immigration laws, a broad judicial interpretation of executive powers and a narrow judicial review.
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Condruzbacescu, Monica. "E-TWINNING - THE COMMUNITY FOR SCHOOLS IN EUROPE." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-139.
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The paper focuses on Etwinning, the community for schools in Europe. Launched in 2005 as a fundamental component of the eLearning program of the European Commission, eTwinning has become an integral part of the Erasmus +, the EU Programme for Education, Training, Youth and Sport, in 2014. The Central Support Service eTwinning is run by European Schoolnet, an international partnership formed of 31 European ministries of education, which designs learning tools for schools, teachers and students in Europe. ETwinning promotes school collaboration in Europe through information and communication technologies by providing support, tools and services to schools. The portal is available to teachers through online tools by which they may seek partners, can start the project, they can exchange ideas and best practices and can start to work immediately thanks to the broad range of customized tools on the eTwinning platform. From October 2007, eTwinning started to be carried out in Romania. In the long term, it aims to improve the abilities to use new technologies, to improve communication in foreign languages, knowledge and intercultural dialogue.The paper also deals with the development of key competences through eTwinning, rules of communication and behavior inside etwinning community and implications for teaching activities. The next part of the paper presents Etwinning advantages from eLearning perspective: accessibility, the freedom of decision, professional community, information resources, training opportunities for teachers, specialist support, motivation and recognition systems. ETwinning platform is ideal for secondary education because it offers extensive opportunities for managing virtual spaces - which facilitates, in a much higher degree than other web platforms, learning activities. Benefits of eTwinning platform for students and teachers involved in online learning projects by collaboration at European level are very high due to factors such as: the opportunity to interact with students and teachers in other European countries, didactic and technological support offered by the portal to the highest European standards, innovative working tools, teamwork, stimulate interest and critical thinking. Advantages for school are also important because the image of the school is promoted by eTwinning projects and foundations of a future collaboration at the institution level in future partnerships are set up.
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Leontieva, Svetlana. "Exclusion of evidence from criminal cases in foreign state procedures: a comparative analysis." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.17.
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Exclusionary rules have been the subject of intense debate in the literature of recent and past years. Many studies explore in detail the characteristics of the law of evidence associated with one or more countries. Only some of them have discussed the possibility to think of a harmonize solution to the problem between countries (in Europe or outside of Europe), based on the same logic of exclusion that is shared by all. The purpose of this study is to categorise the fundamental principles of the exclusionary rules and explain the rationale behind exclusionary rules, in order to propose a collective, uniform solution to problems across Europe.
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Kravchenko, Oleg. "Constitutional and legal issues of application of clause 1, part 1, article 39 of the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-161-167.
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Accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation indicates adherence to the principle of legality in criminal proceedings and the achievement of goals on the protection of rights and lawful interests of the affected parties, as well as on protection of individual from wrongful and unfounded accusations and restrictions of their rights and freedoms. Science addresses the general questions pertaining to determination of the place of preliminary investigation, but does not give due attention to realization of discretionary powers of the higher investigating authority to determination of the place of preliminary investigation. The article reveals the essential conditions for application of such power by the investigating authority, and analyzes case law for compliance with these conditions. The conclusion is made that legislation does not contain clear and specific rules for determination of the place of preliminary investigation, including the territorial jurisdiction of advocating for the election or extension of pre-trial detention. The author describes the flaws in legal regulation associated with the possibility of determination of jurisdiction of a case in administrative proceedings, by means of law enforcement decision prior to the emergence of legal situation (for example, before submission of a request for the election or extension of pre-trial detention) by lowering the rank of investigating authority, for example to district level. From the practical perspective, elimination of such flaws should facilitate the proper application of the corresponding legal norm, as well as accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation.
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Rafibakhsh, Nima, and Matthew I. Campbell. "Hierarchical Primitive Surface Classification From Triangulated Solids for Defining Part-to-Part Degrees of Freedom." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46069.
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Mesh segmentation is the process of organizing a set of data points into connected areas defined by known surface primitives or surface equations. Our approach is a hierarchical method based on clustering and Mamdani’s fuzzification system. First, a clustering algorithm is used to isolate regions of small and irregular oriented triangles, which make up a large portion of the total polygonal faces. Then, using fuzzification rule sets, the remaining triangles are made into meaningful primitives: cylinder, cone, sphere and flat. The end goal of this work is to use the primitives to define the degrees of freedom between mating parts in an assembly when such information is unknown or lost. The result of this process has proven to be accurate with well-defined borders with no need of additional post-processing steps.
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Sotirova, Desislava. "Foreign Influence over Media in the Western Balkans." In COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA OF THE 21ST CENTURY: EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHALLENGES. Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.60060/jefi3811.
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Media freedom in Western Balkan countries has been restricted for years, and the authority of the journalistic profession has been systematically undermined. Apart from pressure from governments, political and economic circles, the media in the region are also susceptible to foreign influences. The article analyzes the vulnerability of media in Western Balkan countries to third-party influence driven by cash flows. Prerequisites are presented that increase the possibility of direct intervention in editorial policy. Interference that results in biased coverage, the spread of misinformation or the formation of certain attitudes among the audience. Answers are sought to the questions: what are the motives of foreign governments to sponsor media and “causes” in the countries of the Western Balkans, what is the nature of the funding – secret or public?
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Tunçsiper, Bedriye, and Ömer Faruk Biçen. "The Determination of Economic Freedom in Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to the Balkans States and Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00947.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) are an important external savings resource for the developing countries that have problems with financing of growth and development. The transformation that started in the global economic system from 1980’s substituted other capital types, major of them are FDI, instead of official development aid. Nevertheless, the foreign direct investment pulling competition have started among developing countries. The papers in this side imply that the countries having broad domestic markets, high economic growth potential, an improved infrastructure and human capital level have advantages on pulling FDI. Moreover, some papers in last years reflect that economic freedom is also an important determinative in addition to other determinatives of FDI. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the determination of economic freedom on the FDI that inflow to the Balkan states and Turkey. In the paper using 1994-2012 time dimension, the countries added to the analysis are Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Macedonia, Albania and Croatia. The results with panel regression method showed that some economic freedom indices supported the inflows of FDI in this countries.
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Robinson Beachboard, Martine, and John C. Beachboard. "Implications of Foreign Ownership on Journalistic Quality in a Post-Communist Society: The Case of Finance." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3029.
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When freedom from Communism largely eliminated overt government censorship of newspapers, other political and business pressures appeared. Consequently, Southeastern European newspaper publishers faced threats to financial viability and editorial integrity. The editor-in-chief of one newspaper in the former Yugoslavian republic of Slovenia claims to have found freedom from political and advertiser influence after a global media conglomerate invested in the publication. Notably, the business daily Finance is the only hard-news start-up to survive in the eleven years since Slovenia gained independence from the Republic of Yugoslavia. This research paper offers a provocative example where international investment appears to have contributed to the democratizing of media in a post-communist society. The paper is not intended to argue that foreign media investments are necessarily beneficial but to suggest some circumstances in which foreign media investment can be advantageous to the democratic aspirations of a society.
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Seican, Valeria. "From musical journalism to musicological criticism." In Probleme metodico-didactice și de asigurare a calității în învăţământul artistic superior. Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55383/pacias2023.07.
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Since the crystallization of the matter of music criticism, which occurs in the English, German, and French artistic academic environment, at the confluence between musicology and publicity, with the explosion of the press, from the 19th century and especially of journalism, to this day, the musical phenomenon continues to impose the need for its explanation, misinterpretation through all the channels of public communication. The musical specificity concentrated in content and vocabulary, in the publicity genres to be attacked by the novice musicologists, is in interconnection with the procedures confirmed in a science parallel to musicology, but which dominates and interferes with all the modern human existential sectors –marketing. Excessive freedom annihilates, abolishes any rule, but we know that a professional, valid speech must correspond to some clear, accepted and observed rules. One way to follow would be the strategy of apparent conversion into the modernity without rules, but with an even more strict consistency in following the rules imposed and verified in time from musicology, journalism, philosophy.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Freedom from Foreign Rule"
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Kuersteiner, Guido M., David C. Phillips, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Effective sterilized foreign exchange intervention? : evidence from a rule-based policy. Banco de la República, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.964.
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Kuersteiner, Guido M., David C. Phillips, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Supplementary material for "the effects of foreign exchange intervention: evidence from a rule-based policy in Colombia". Banco de la República, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.965.
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Valencia, Oscar, Luis Alberto Rodriguez, and Juan Pablo Siachoque. Fiscal Rules and Optimal Currency Composition of Sovereign Debt in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004723.
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Total public debt in most emerging markets grew before and after the pandemic with a sizable share in foreign currency. Along this trend, interest payments increased even in the presence of active fiscal rules in some countries. How should debt management of public debt be set under a fiscal rule? This document studies how optimal currency composition reduces the cost of debt and facilitates fiscal rule compliance but increases budget risk. Using a small open economy model, we provide evidence that optimal foreign currency holdings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico depart considerably from observed; remaining low (high) in periods of favorable (adverse) external or domestic macroeconomic and financial conditions.
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El-Muhammady, Ahmad. Managing the Returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Their Families: Malaysian Experience. ICCT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2023.2.01.
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The main objective of the article is to explore Malaysia’s approach in managing the returning fighters and their families in the post-IS phase. In doing so, the article is divided into four parts. The first part provides the background to Malaysians involvement as foreign fighters starting from the 1990s until the IS case. Second part highlights the uniqueness of IS’ foreign fighters and why Malaysia adopted repatriation policy towards its citizens who involved in IS struggle. The third part explores the process of repatriation of foreign fighters and their families namely the assessment, rehabilitation, prosecution and reintegration. The last part of the article provides an assessment on Malaysia’s approach particularly from the perspective of human rights and rule of law, as well as its overall effectiveness.
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Bueno, João, Heloiana Faro, Seth Lenetsky, et al. Exploratory systematic review of Mixed Martial Arts: an overview of performance of importance factors with over 20,000 athletes. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0158.
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Review question / Objective: The objective of the present study was to analyze the findings of the scientific literature related to MMA through an exploratory systematic review on the subject and to present the state of the art of the sport from a multifactorial perspective. Condition being studied: Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a full contact combat sport characterized by its high degree of freedom in offensive and defensive approaches resulting in the inclusion of techniques and tactics from multiple combat sport styles. MMA has gained legitimacy and uniformity of rule sets after a tumultuous and unregulated introduction in North America as well as it is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are still no methodical, comprehensive, transparent, and replicable studies that have summarized the overall perspective of MMA athletes, resulting in an integrated analysis for a better scientific understanding and more efficient practical applications.
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Kelsey, Tom. When Missions Fail: Lessons in ‘High Technology’ From Post-War Britain. Blavatnik School of Government, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp_2023/056.
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The idea that national security and economic prosperity stem from being at the technological frontier (‘techno-nationalism’) is once again a dominant feature of global politics. The post-war United States has emerged as the key model in these discussions, with the ‘moonshot’ seen as an outstanding example of how to direct state resources towards technological breakthroughs, while the capacity of the American government is praised more generally for its ability to sponsor ground-breaking technology. This paper, however, suggests that the United States was the exception, not the rule, and that the failures of post-war Britain highlight the limitations of ‘techno-nationalism’ with vivid clarity. During the 1950s and 1960s, the British state took long-term bets on securing a leading role in the world’s technological future, specifically in the areas of supersonic flight via Concorde and nuclear power generation. The result, however, was not export glory but industrial calamity. These long-running programmes were eventually cut back in the 1970s, when it became accepted in Whitehall that Britain should no longer try to be the Science and Tech Superpower, attempting to leapfrog the United States to technological glory. Understanding this trajectory in Britain dislodges the sense that focusing on emerging technology and the long term is a silver bullet in policymaking. We must appreciate that the realities of technological power matter, and grasp that the post-war US was an unrepresentative case: no country today will have the relative level of industrial and technological might that it enjoyed at that time. While my arguments will resonate in other national contexts, my focus is on ensuring that any strategy for ‘high technology’ in the UK today continues to learn the lessons from the errors of the post-war period. It must be wary of expert capture within the state. It must also think about industrial strategy in an integrated way, across national security, economics, and foreign policy, with a policymaking machinery set up to deal with this level of complexity. Moreover, despite the attention afforded to national state funding, the UK should continue to see forging alliances as essential alongside working with international business and be clear-eyed about where it does and does not need to sustain national capabilities.
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Artis, Roslyn, Connie Ledoux Book, Jennifer Clinton, John S. Lucas, James P. Pellow, and Dawn Michele Whitehead. Advancing Global Stability and U.S. National Security through Peaceful Exchange. The International Coalition (coordinated by The Forum on Education Abroad), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/ic.agsausnstpe.03312021.
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For nearly 100 years, American leadership, regardless of political affiliation, has recognized the vital importance of people-to-people international exchange programs in bolstering our nation’s economy, strengthening our national security, and improving America’s status in the world. In today’s interconnected world, where global challenges require global cooperation on solutions, the United States should not retreat from international engagement, but should rather double our efforts to build positive and mutually supportive connections with our neighbors. America must embrace its role in leading international peace and prosperity by facilitating meaningful, safe, educational exchange in all directions – helping more Americans learn firsthand about other people and cultures and helping more foreign students come to America to experience for themselves the principles upon which our country was built - liberty, democracy, capitalism, and basic human freedom. America can and should leverage international education, exchange and public diplomacy programs to plant seeds of peace, regain the world’s trust, and return to our previous role as a respected leader in global affairs. Leading the effort to bring the world together helps America, Americans, and our vital allies.
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Pretorius, Philip Christo, and Radoslav Valev. Forces Shaping Populism, Authoritarianism and Democracy in South Korea, North Korea and Mongolia. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0054.
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This report encapsulates the highlights of the eleventh event hosted by the European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS) as part of its monthly Mapping European Populism (MGP) panel series. Titled “Forces Shaping Populism, Authoritarianism, and Democracy in South Korea, North Korea, and Mongolia,” this event unfolded online on March 30, 2024. The esteemed Dr. John Nilsson-Wright expertly moderated the panel, which boasted insights from five distinguished scholars in the field of populism. The panelists featured in the event included experts such as Dr. Joseph Yi, an Associate Professor of Political Science at Hanyang University, Seoul, renowned for his work on "Discourse Regimes and Liberal Vehemence." Dr. Meredith Rose Shaw, an Associate Professor at the Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo, provided valuable insights into the regional context through her research on "Foreign Threat Perceptions in South Korean Campaign Discourse: Japan, North Korea, and China." Dr. Sang-Jin Han, an Emeritus Professor of Sociology at Seoul National University, shared his expertise on sociopolitical trends in South Korea, focusing on the "Transformation of Populist Emotion in Korean Politics from 2016 to 2024." Dr. Junhyoung Lee, a Research Professor in the School of International Relations at the University of Ulsan, South Korea, contributed with his research on "Nationalism and Resilience of Authoritarian Rule in North Korea." Lastly, Dr. Mina Sumaadii, a Senior Researcher at the Sant Maral Foundation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, offered a unique perspective on "Populist Nationalism as a Challenge to Democratic Stability in Mongolia." The panel served as a platform for a rich exchange of ideas and analysis, shedding light on the complex interplay between populism, authoritarianism, and democracy within these East Asian nations.
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Sus, Monika, Cornelius Adebah, and Angel Saz-Carranza. 10 Recommendations to Make the European Union a Stronger Global Actor. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56269/202406/ms.
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Following the European Parliament elections in June, a new EU leadership will take the helm to navigate the Union through an array of significant challenges. The EU faces an unprecedented combination of external threats: Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the growing influences of Russia and China in the EU’s neighbourhood; the repercussions of the Israel-Gaza war; the Union’s economic, energy, and military dependencies and exposure to climate change; the rise of right-wing authoritarianism across many countries in Europe and its neighbourhood; and the uncertainty of the United States’ commitment to European security. This critical geopolitical juncture, at which the very existence of the European integration project is at risk, requires a robust EU foreign and security policy. The task of the incoming leadership is to make the Union fit for geopolitical purposes. All too often, the EU’s global action has been ineffective. It has suffered from a crippling lack of strategic foresight, a dearth of instruments to address acute threats, piecemeal responses because of the lack of a common vision, and overstretch of the Union’s resources across too many regions and domains. To address these shortcomings, the EU needs to become far more strategically selective in how it pursues its interests and goals, as defined by the EU Global Strategy of 2016 and the Strategic Compass of 2022. Given its finite resources and limited clout in certain parts of the world, the Union needs to consciously decide in which regions and crises it engages and how it can do so most effectively. This includes critically reviewing, improving, and deliberately phasing out some existing mechanisms and instruments. To this end, the EU needs to leverage its heft in trade and investment policy, financial power, diplomatic presence, and rule-making capacities while steadily building security and defence capabilities. It also needs to harness its institutional structure to make the most of its comparative advantages vis-à-vis other international organisations and states. The following ten recommendations would help the EU become a stronger global actor capable of effectively addressing current and future geopolitical challenges. The first four concern the institutional framework of EU foreign and security policy, while the next six tackle individual policy areas. Taken together, they represent a comprehensive plan for improving the way the EU operates on the international stage.
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Moghimi, Gholamreza, and Nicos Makris. Response Modification of Structures with Supplemental Rotational Inertia. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tihv1701.
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Tall, multistory, buildings are becoming increasingly popular in large cities as a result of growing urbanization trends (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2018). As cities continue to grow, many of them along the coasts of continents which are prone to natural hazards, the performance of tall, flexible buildings when subjected to natural hazards is a pressing issue with engineering relevance. The performance of structures when subjected to dynamic loads can be enhanced with various response modification strategies which have been traditionally achieved with added stiffness, flexibility, damping and strength (Kelly et al. 1972; Skinner et al. 1973, 1974; Clough and Penzien 1975; Zhang et al. 1989; Aiken 1990; Whittaker et al. 1991; Makris et al. 1993a,b; Skinner et al. 1993; Inaudi and Makris 1996; Kelly 1997; Soong and Dargush 1997; Constantinou et al. 1998; Makris and Chang 2000a; Chang and Makris 2000; Black et al. 2002, 2003; Symans et al. 2008; Sarlis et al. 2013; Tena-Colunga 1997). Together with the elastic spring that produces a force proportional to the relative displacement of its end-nodes and the viscous dashpot that produces a force proportional to the relative velocity of its end-nodes; the inerter produces a force proportional to the relative acceleration of its end-nodes and emerges as the third elementary mechanical element (in addition to the spring and dashpot) capable for modifying structural response. Accordingly, in this report we examine the seismic performance of multistory and seismically isolated structures when equipped with inerters. In view that the inerter emerges as the third elementary mechanical element for the synthesis of mechanical networks, in Chapter 2 we derive the basic frequency- and time-response functions of the inerter together with these of the two-parameter inertoelastic and inertoviscous mechanical networks. Chapter 3 examines the response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure where the first story is equipped with inerters. Both cases of a stiff and a compliant support of the inerters are examined. The case of two parallel clutching inerters is investigated and the study concludes that as the compliance of the frame that supports the inerters increases, the use of a single inerter offers more favorable response other than increasing the force transferred to the support frame. Chapter 4 examines the seismic response analysis of the classical two-degree-of-freedom isolated structure with supplemental rotational inertia (inerter) in its isolation system. The analysis shows that for the “critical” amount of rotational inertia which eliminates the participation of the second mode, the effect of this elimination is marginal on the structural response since the participation of the second mode is invariably small even when isolation systems without inerters are used. Our study, upon showing that the reaction force at the support of the inerter is appreciable, proceeds with a non-linear response analysis that implements a state-space formulation which accounts for the bilinear behavior of practical isolation system (single concave sliding bearings or lead-rubber bearings) in association with the compliance of the support of the inerter. Our study concludes that supplemental rotational inertia aggravates the displacement and acceleration response of the elastic superstructure and as a result, for larger isolation periods (Tb > 2.5s) the use of inerters in isolation systems is not recommended. Chapter 5 first examines the response analysis of a SDOF elastoplastic and bilinear structure and reveals that when the yielding structure is equipped with supplemental rotational inertia, the equal- displacement rule is valid starting from lower values of the pre-yielding period given that the presence of inerters lengthens the apparent pre-yielding period. The analysis concludes that sup- plemental rotational inertia emerges as an attractive response modification strategy for elastoplastic and bilinear SDOF structures with pre-yielding periods up to T1 = 1.5sec. For larger pre-yielding periods (say T1 > 2.0sec), the effectiveness of inerters to suppress the inelastic response of 2DOF yielding structures reduces; and for very flexible first stories; as in the case of isolated structures examined in chapter 4, the use of inerter at the first level (isolation system) is not recommended. Finally, chapter 6 shows that, in spite of the reduced role of inerters when placed at floor levels other than the first level (they no-longer suppress the induced ground acceleration nor they can eliminate the participation of higher modes), they still manifest a unique role since it is not possible to replace a structure with solitary inerters at higher levels with an equivalent traditional structure without inerters.