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Mahanta, Priyakshi, Hasin Afzal Ahmed, Dhruba Kumar Bhattacharyya i Ashish Ghosh. "FUMET: A fuzzy network module extraction technique for gene expression data". Journal of Biosciences 39, nr 3 (18.05.2014): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12038-014-9423-2.
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Bauer, Britta, Anna-Lena Göderz, Heidi Braumüller, Jörg Martin Neudörfl, Martin Röcken, Thomas Wieder i Hans-Günther Schmalz. "Methyl Fumarate-Derived Iron Carbonyl Complexes (FumET-CORMs) as Powerful Anti-inflammatory Agents". ChemMedChem 12, nr 23 (2.11.2017): 1927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201700488.
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Bharati, Agehananda, i France Zimmerman. "La Jungle et la fumet des viandes: une theme ecologique dans la medecine hindoue." Man 23, nr 1 (marzec 1988): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803075.
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Gratton, Danielle, i Donna Winslow. "Francis ZIMMERMANN, La jungle et le fumet des viandes, Paris, Gallimard-Le Seuil, 1982. 254 pages". BOOK REVIEWS / COMPTES RENDUS 6, nr 1 (29.06.2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1078460ar.
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Bauer, Britta, Anna-Lena Göderz, Heidi Braumüller, Jörg Martin Neudörfl, Martin Röcken, Thomas Wieder i Hans-Günther Schmalz. "Cover Feature: Methyl Fumarate-Derived Iron Carbonyl Complexes (FumET-CORMs) as Powerful Anti-inflammatory Agents (ChemMedChem 23/2017)". ChemMedChem 12, nr 23 (7.12.2017): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201700736.
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Anderson, Judith. "Sources of Onboard Fumes and Smoke Reported by U.S. Airlines". Aerospace 8, nr 5 (22.04.2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8050122.
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This paper describes the relative frequency of reports of oil and hydraulic fluid fumes in the ventilation supply air (“fume events”) compared to other types of fumes and smoke reported by U.S. airlines over 10 years. The author reviewed and categorized 12,417 fume/smoke reports submitted to the aviation regulator to comply with the primary maintenance reporting regulation (14 CFR § 121.703) from 2002–2011. The most commonly documented category of onboard fumes/smoke was electrical (37%). Combining the categories of “bleed-sourced”, “oil”, and “hydraulic fluid” created the second most prevalent category (26%). The remaining sources of onboard fumes/smoke are also reported. To put the data in context, the fume event reporting regulations are described, along with examples of ways in which certain events are underreported. These data were reported by U.S. airlines, but aviation regulations are harmonized globally, so the data likely also reflect onboard sources of fumes and smoke reported in other countries with equivalent aviation systems. The data provide insight into the relative frequency of the types of reported fumes and smoke on aircraft, which should drive design, operational, and maintenance actions to mitigate onboard exposure. The data also provide insight into how to improve current fume event reporting rules.
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Shinde, Vishal, Someshwar Rodge i Abhijit Vethekar. "Welding Fume Mitigation". E3S Web of Conferences 453 (2023): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345301006.
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In order to maintain a healthy and safe work environment the global occupational exposure limits for manganese were reviewed and initiative to reduce welding fume concentrations initiated [1]. There are different techniques available to capture welding fumes, At source weld fume capture is one of the technics used in One of the John Deere Factory, Welding torch equipped with the fume absorption system to capture the fumes generated during welding. For implementation detail study of the existing robot cell infrastructure was done [2]. It results in 80% of fume filtration and 2.79 MT (Table.2) of welding harmful gases filtered and recirculated in the atmosphere [3].
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Wang, Li Na, Yong Hui Cai, Hong Bo Wang i Shi Long Wang. "Method for Monitoring Average Flow Velocity of Fumes by Mean of Velocity Field Constant". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (maj 2012): 2609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2609.
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In order to achieve the target of controlling SO2 emissions in fumes in a short period of time in China, it is necessary to develop a SO2 on-line monitoring system (CEMS) that is suitable for China. To monitor total emissions of SO2 in fumes, the concentration of SO2 in the fumes and fumes flow rate must be monitored simultaneously. To monitor fumes flow rate, first we must monitor its average flow velocity, this is a major technical problem need to solve in the SO2 CEMS. By means of study on velocity field constant in flue, An advanced method for monitoring average flow velocity of fume by mean of velocity field constant is presented, meanwhile an innovative device has been developed to detect velocity field constants automatically, which has resolved the technical difficulty in automated monitoring of fume average velocity in the flue. Through experiment and testing, the monitoring method researched is correct, structure of detecting device is reasonable, its monitoring results are stable and reliable.
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Zou, Junchen, Yingqi Chen, Xiaoquan Sun, Wenhao Huang, Qin Wu, Yongqiang Chen, Dan Yuan i Zhao Zhang. "Study on the wettability of the stainless steel pieces prepared by different methods". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2713, nr 1 (1.02.2024): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2713/1/012068.
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Abstract With the increase in air quality problems derived from the emission of cooking oil fumes, the oil fume purifier was widely installed in household kitchens to eliminate the oil fume. However, because of the great adhesion of the oil, the elimination efficiency of the oil fume purifier goes down and its cleaning difficulty goes up. To solve the problem, four reagents were chosen to fabricate the amphiphobic surface by immersion and chemical vapor deposition. The results showed that the surfaces modified by alcohol reagent, organic fluorine group resin reagent, and heptafluorodecyl trimethoxysilane were only hydrophobic, while perfluorodecanoic acid-modified surface was amphiphobic and its contact angles for water and peanut oil were 138.3° and 125.5° respectively. Therefore, perfluorodecanoic acid could be used to prevent sticking and recycle the condensate of cooking oil fumes on the stainless steel surface of the oil fume purifier.
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IJYR, Executive Editor. "Dhoopan: Therapeutics of Herbal Fumigation in Ayurvedic texts". Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research 4, nr 1 (19.09.2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/ijyr.v4i1.69.
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Herbal fume inhalation is a therapeutic module mentioned in detail in Ayurvedic literature for therapeutic purposes. Different herbal fume inhalation varieties are mentioned in Ayurvedic texts i.e. Dhoom-Nasya (herbal fumes inhaled through the nose), Dhompana (herbal fumes taken through the nose or the mouth and exhaled through the mouth) and Dhoopan (treatment using herbal fumes in total). The present manuscript studied the selected portions of Ayurvedic texts to understand the various therapeutic purposes of Dhoopan described in Ayurveda. All classical Ayurvedic texts mentioned some form of herbal fume inhalation for therapeutics. For example for disease treatment, for health prevention, for mental illness, for fever, for child growth, for diseases of ears, eyes, teeth, etc. Besides therapeutics, dhoopan is also helpful for environmental benefits such as killing bugs, purifying the environment, etc. The study gives perspective and argues ways to identify components mentioned in the Ayurvedic formula especially where some non-herbal meanings were derived from the classic Sanskrit texts; hence opening-up a new dimension of research required for reviving the ancient methods given in Ayurvedic texts.
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Yadav, Santosh Kumar, Abhishek Singh i Kishore Debnath. "Analysis of Mass Concentration and Morphology of Fume Particles during ECDM of CFRP Composites". Materials Science Forum 1073 (31.10.2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-qgdi4t.
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Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a hybrid method used to generate micro-features in hard and brittle materials (glass, ceramics, and composites) in aerospace, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and microfluidic applications. A significant improvement was observed in ECDM process but the effect of the process on the health of working operator are rarely investigated. Sustainability in manufacturing is a major concern for a better environment and safety of human operators. In this paper, analysis of fumes mass concentration (FMC), size and morphology of fume particles, and composition of fume particles along with their biological effects are studied during ECDM of CFRP composites. FMC was calculated by varying the concentration of electrolyte from 20 to 50% and duty cycle from 60 to 90% for a fixed sampling duration of 30 minutes. SEM images indicated the presence of spherical, irregular, and loosely packed fumes particles in the fumes generated during machining. EDS was also performed to study the chemical composition of fumes particles.
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Zhang, Ge, Fulu Sun, Haichao Li, Yuanxin Lin, Kai Zhao i Lei Fang. "The Content and Emission form of Volatile Organic Compounds from Cooking Oils: A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 3 (18.01.2023): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031796.
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Cooking oil fumes are full of dangerous chemicals that are bad for human health. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cooking oil fumes are not only emitted in the form of gas but may also accumulate with other substances in oil fumes and form particulate matter emitted into the atmosphere. Different forms of VOCs can enter different regions of the human body and have varying effects on health. This paper investigated the VOC emission types found in some cooking fumes. The findings demonstrate that organic contaminants from edible oils were released as gas and particle matter, with gas being the predominant component. The fraction of gaseous VOCs steadily declined as oil temperature rose, whereas the proportion of VOCs released as particulate matter gradually rose. It is possible to assume that the increase in oil fume with temperature was caused by the original oil’s components volatilizing more frequently under the influence of vapor pressure and that chemical reactions were not the primary cause of oil fume creation.
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Sailabaht, Aduldatch, Fan Wang i John Cherrie. "Extension of the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) to Include Welding Fume Exposure". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 10 (9.10.2018): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102199.
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The Advanced REACH Tool (ART) is a mechanistic higher tier model to estimate inhalation exposure to chemicals using a Bayesian approach. Currently the ART model does not include exposure to welding fumes within its applicability domain; it has only been calibrated for vapours, mists, and dusts. To extend the scope to metal fumes it is necessary to review the model structure to ensure that it is appropriate, and to calibrate the updated model using available welding fume exposure measurements. This paper provides a discussion of the key modifying factors (MFs) that should be considered to extend the ART model to include welding fume exposure. Based on our literature review, welding process type, input power level, shield gas, and welding electrodes have important impact on fume formation rates (FFRs). In addition, the convective dispersion of the fume away from the weld and the interaction of the welder with the fume plume should be incorporated into the ART model. Other aspects of the ART, such as the local ventilation, do not require modification to accommodate welding fume exposure. The ART does not include the impact of wearing personal protective equipment and so this is not included in our evaluation. Proposals are made for extending the scope of the ART to include welding processes.
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Al-Soudany, Kawther. "Remediation of Clayey Soil Using Silica Fume". MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201017.
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This paper evaluates the use of silica fumes as modification of fine-grained soil in order to alter undesirable properties of the native soil and create new useful soils. Silica fume as well as clay material, are used in changing the engineering properties to be compatible and satisfying this is due to their pozzolanic reactivity. The study aims to investigate the uses of these materials in geotechnical engineering and to improve the properties of soils. Four percentages of silica fumes were used in the present study, which is 0, 3, 5 and 7%. Classification, specific gravity, compaction characteristics, swell and swell pressure, CBR and compressive strength tests had been conducted on the prepared and modified soils. Results clarified that the silica fume increasing leads to decrease the plasticity index and liquid limit. Increasing in silica fume causes an increasing in plastic limit and optimum water contents while the maximum dry unit weight values decrease. The compressive shear strength, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), swell and swell pressure is improved by using silica fume so that silica fume can be considered as a successful material in improving the soil properties.
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Cha, Eun-Woo, Doosoo Jeon, Dongmug Kang, Young-Ki Kim i Se-Yeong Kim. "Chemical Pneumonitis Caused by the Inhalation of Zinc Oxide Fumes in an Arc Welder". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 13 (29.06.2022): 7954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137954.
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Acute respiratory illness caused by exposure to welding-associated zinc oxide fumes is known as metal fume fever (MFF). MFF is generally characterized as a self-limiting disease. Few studies have reported chemical pneumonitis associated with zinc fume inhalation. We report a case study involving severe episodes of MFF accompanied by chemical pneumonitis due to the inhalation of zinc oxide fumes while operating an arc welder. A 54-year-old man developed flu-like symptoms after arc welding galvanized steel in a poorly ventilated area. Despite intravenous antibiotics therapy, his clinical course worsened, and his urine zinc concentration was remarkably elevated (3579 μg/24 h; reference range, 0–616 μg/24 h). A chest computed tomography revealed extensive consolidation, ground-glass opacity in the lungs, and right pleural effusion. After corticosteroid treatment, the patient’s symptoms and radiologic findings significantly improved. It should be noted that the inhalation of zinc oxide fumes can occasionally induce acute lung injury via inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
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WU, SHE-CHING, GOW-CHIN YEN i FUU SHEU. "Mutagenicity and Identification of Mutagenic Compounds of Fumes Obtained from Heating Peanut Oil". Journal of Food Protection 64, nr 2 (1.02.2001): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.2.240.
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Since the fume of cooking oil has been reported to increase the risk of lung cancer, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the mutagenicity and to find the mutagens in the fumes of peanut oil heated to the smoke point. Peanut oil prepared from roasted peanut kernel showed a lower smoke point, less unsaturated fatty acids, more fume formation, and stronger mutagenicity than that from unroasted kernel. Further investigation of mutagenic compounds was performed by the Ames test and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Among the 12 compounds identified from the neutral fraction of methanol extract, four compounds at a dose of 10 μg per plate were mutagenic to Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the order of trans-trans-2,4-decadienal > trans-trans-2,4-nonadienal > trans-2-decenal > trans-2-undecenal. Results report the enal compounds formed as the mutagens in the fumes of peanut oil and indicate that inhaling cooking fumes might cause carcinogenic risk.
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Pucknat, Daniela, Uwe Pucknat, Bernd Rose, Martin Forchert, Andreas Goergens, Simon Weidhaas, Wolfgang Zschiesche, Rolf Merget, Saskia Schlatter i Thomas Brüning. "Beurteilung der Lungenfibrose durch extreme und langjährige Einwirkung von Schweißrauchen (Siderofibrose) – Berufskrankheit Nr. 4115". ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2024, nr 02 (30.01.2024): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-1-335677.
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Assessment of pulmonary fibrosis due to extreme and long-term exposure to welding fumes (siderofibrosis) – occupational disease no. 4115. Technical aspects – exposure to welding fumes Pulmonary fibrosis due to welding fumes (siderofibrosis) has occupational disease status in Germany. However, legislation covering the respective occupational disease requires “long-term and extreme exposure” to welding fumes for compensation by the social accident insurance. A recent social court sentence has evoked a discussion on how to further define these criteria. This article is intended to propose a science-based approach to the conditions under which welding fume exposure can be considered „extreme“. For this purpose, the authors discuss occupational exposure limits, circumstances influencing exposure intensity and utilization of welding fume measurement data. Furthermore, the article deals with the way court sentencing will affect suspected cases of siderofibrosis in the future and how the court´s reasoning is compatible with the occupational disease´s scientific report on the one hand and occupational safety regulations on the other hand. In compliance with the sentencing, „welding in confined spaces“ formerly applied as the sole criterion to consider welding conditions „extreme“ is now regarded as obsolete. A definite threshold value used to confirm the existence of „extreme“ conditions can neither be derived from the occupational disease´s scientific report nor from other sources. Given that, the authors propose to focus on welding methods used in specific cases with close regard to a welding procedere´s emission intensity and to occupational hygiene conditions in general when investigating whether conditions were „extreme“ or not. Regarding the mandatory criteria of „long-term exposure“ to welding fumes, only those times should be considered when welding was performed for several hours a day. Short-time exposures however, should not be taken into account. Keywords: welding – fume exposure – occupational disease – siderofibrosis – pulmonary fibrosis
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Chandel, Ekta, i Shraddha Chintalwar. "Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Fumes and Powder Extracts of Tinospora cordifolia". Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research 5, nr 2 (31.10.2022): 09–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/ijyr.v5i2.90.
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Herbal medicines have a long therapeutic history and are still serving many of the health needs of a large population of the world. However, the quality control and quality assurance still remains a challenge because of the high variability of chemical components involved. T. cordifolia is commonly referred to as Amrita or Guduchi. All the parts of the plant are immensely useful due to the presence of different secondary metabolites. We aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative (carbohydrate and poly-phenolic compound) analysis of secondary metabolites present in extracts of Tinospora cordifolia powder and its herbal fume (generated from Yagya), followed by the study of its antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The present study's powder and fume cocktail (hexane, ethyl-ether and methanol) extracts (10 mg/ml) showed 30 mm and 21.67 mm Zone of inhibition against E.coli respectively indicating equivalent efficiency of herbal fumes. Similarly, fumes contained all secondary metabolites qualitatively to that of powder extract. In addition, carbohydrate and poly-phenolic compound present in the fume extracts (0.277 mg/g and 0.29mg/g), were equivalent or higher than powder extracts (0.131 mg/g and 0.26mg/g) indicating Tinospora cordifolia's fume holistic utility.
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Torres-Ortega, Ramón, Edgar Quiñonez-Bolaños, Candelaria Tejada-Tovar, Yineth García-Díaz i Ibeth Cabarcas-Torres. "High-strength Concrete with Natural Aggregates, Silica Fume, and Polypropylene Macrofibers". Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina 31, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rcin.4394.
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The use of concrete with polypropylene macrofibers can reduce the fragility and shrinkage of silica fume mixtures. Here, we investigated the effect silica fumes and aggregates have on enhancing high-performance concrete with polypropylene macrofibers. Three dosages of polypropylene macrofibers were evaluated (0.39, 0.63, and 0.79 % volume fraction), including silica fume (0.0 and 7.0 % water-cement), for two types of coarse aggregate (limestone and river gravel), with two maximum nominal sizes of coarse aggregate. In total, 96 concrete specimens were subjected to compression and bending tests to evaluate the effect of adding fiber, silica fume, and different aggregate types. The results showed a resistance to compression between 36 and 71 MPa, and that to flexural strengths of 3.6 to 5.8 MPa, which indicates high-performance concrete. The work shows that it is possible to achieve high-strength concrete with 55 mm polypropylene macrofibers combined with silica fumes and natural aggregates of both the limestone and calcareous types, which is beneficial for the local production of high-performance concrete.
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Limagne, Emeric, Lisa Nuttin, Marion Thibaudin, Elise Jacquin, Romain Aucagne, Marjorie Bon, Elise Ballot i in. "Abstract 1296: MEK inhibition overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by inducing CXCL10 in cancer cells". Cancer Research 82, nr 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1296.
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Abstract Chemotherapy with anti PD-1/PD-L1 mAb has become the standard of care for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using lung tumor models, where pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy (PEM/CDDP) remains unable to synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), we linked failure of this treatment with its inability to induce CXCL10 expression and CD8+ T cell recruitment. Using drug screening, we showed that combining a MEK inhibitor (MEKi) with PEM/CDDP triggers CXCL10 secretion by cancer cells and CD8+ T cell recruitment, and restores ICI efficacy. PEM/CDDP plus MEKi promotes optineurin (OPTN)-dependent mitophagy, resulting in CXCL10 production in a mitochondrial DNA and TLR9-dependent manner. TLR9 or autophagy/mitophagy processes genetic inactivation of abort the antitumor efficacy of PEM/CDDP plus MEKi/anti PD-L1 therapy. In human NSCLC, high OPTN, TLR9 and CXCL10 expression is associated with better response to ICI. Our results underline the role of TLR9 and OPTN-dependent mitophagy in enhancing chemoimmunotherapy efficacy. Citation Format: Emeric Limagne, Lisa Nuttin, Marion Thibaudin, Elise Jacquin, Romain Aucagne, Marjorie Bon, Elise Ballot, Solène Revy, Robby Barnestein, Caroline Truntzer, Valentin Derangère, Jean-David Fumet, Rébé Cédric, Pierre-Simon Bellaye, Coureche-Guillaume Kaderbhai, Aodrenn Spill, Bertrand Collin, Mary Callanan, Aurélie Lagrange, Laure Favier, Bruno Coudert, Laurent Arnould, Sylvain Ladoire, Bertrand Routy, Philippe Joubert, François Ghiringhelli. MEK inhibition overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by inducing CXCL10 in cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1296.
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Yu-Jie, Wu, Cheng Li-Hsin i Tseng Tzu-Ping. "The study on influencing factors of airflow in laboratory fume hood". E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601014.
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This study investigates the influence of the side wind flowing directly from different indoor environments on the airflow of the laboratory fume hood (LFH). When an LFH is used to discharge the harmful from the laboratory, the side wind can affect the airflow of the LFH, which is likely to cause the leakage of harmful fumes. In this study, incense was used to simulate harmful fumes, sampling and analysis of the total suspended particulate concentrations were performed in an LFH under different side wind conditions with or without air conditioning, operator, laboratory door open, and electric fan when the fume hood sash (FHS) is at the top, middle, and bottom positions, respectively. A laser pen and hot-wire anemometer are employed to demonstrate the airflow of the smoke and wind speed in different indoor environmental conditions. The experimental results reveal that the airflow field and distribution of harmful fumes in the LFH can be changed according to the different heights of the FHS and changes in the external airflow. Therefore, when using the LFH, the influence of the external airflow should be reduced, and the LFH should be operated for a few minutes before switching it off.
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Afshar, Sepideh Saberi, Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani, Fatemeh Mohajer, Alireza Badiei, Siavash Iravani i Rajender S. Varma. "Synthesis of Fumed-Pr-Pi-TCT as a Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Cyanide Ions in Aqueous Media". Water 14, nr 24 (19.12.2022): 4137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244137.
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In this research, fumed silica scaffolds modified via treatment with (3-chloropropyl)-triethoxysilane, piperazine, and trichlorotriazine groups were deployed for the specific detection of cyanide ions, thus paving the way for the detection of environmental hazards and pollutants with high specificity. Fumed-propyl -piperazine-trichlorotriazine (fumed-Pr-Pi-TCT) was synthesized in three steps starting from fume silica. It was functionalized subsequently using 3-(choloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane, piperazine, and trichlorotriazine, and then, the product was characterized through several methods including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fumed-Pr-Pi-TCT was exposed as a nanoparticle sensor to a range of different anions in aqueous media. This novel sensor could detect cyanide ions as a hazardous material, with the limit of detection being 0.82 × 10−4 M.
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Meng, Wen Wan, Lei Liao, Fei Chao Zhao i Zhen Zhou Wei. "The Research of Biological Method Degradation on Cooking Fume". Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (październik 2012): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.1106.
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Experiments according to the current domestic situation of bio-treatment cooking fume, domesticated the activated sludge which taken from the oxidation ditch of the sewage treatment plant by using the simulated cooking fumes, discussed the concentration and morphology variation of activated sludge, researched the degradation ability of microorganism on cooking fume, the change of bacteria amount were studied in the whole process. Research showed that the sludge concentration decreased to 2878mg/L when the acclimatization time reached 50days; outlet and inlet oil concentration were consistent when the acclimatization time reached 30days while liquid fume concentration decreased to 8.436mg/L, the degradation rate of activated sludge on liquid fume was about 75% after 30 days; Microbial biomass increased first and then down become stable finally.
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Petrovici, Catrinel-Stefania, Ileana Ion, Monica Vasile, Adina Petcu, Beatrice Severin, Doru-Florin Petrovici i Lucian-Cristian Petcu. "Welding Fumes Versus Respiratory System – An Up-to-Date Overview of Welding Lung Diseases". ARS Medica Tomitana 29, nr 4 (1.11.2023): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2023-0037.
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Abstract Welding processes generate significant occupational contaminants, including particulate matter, metal fumes, and gas by-products. Exposure to these fumes can lead to various health issues in welders. This article emphasizes the need for preventive measures to improve the health of welders and reduce the risks associated with welding.The study explores the impact of welding fumes on the respiratory system and occupational lung disease. It identifies the inhalation of welding fumes as a significant risk factor for lung disease, and the need for clear limitations on welding fume exposure. The research also highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying lung conditions caused by welding fumes. The study concludes by including 30 citations from several databases (Google Scholar, ResearchGate, MDPI and AcademiaEdu) to raise awareness and establish a scientific link between welding fumes and oral health and teeth structure. The inhalation of welding fumes can significantly impact the respiratory system, causing concerns about safety measures and guidelines for welding environments. Exposure to harmful substances like welding fumes can also affect the oral cavity, a part of both digestive and respiratory system, and therefore, the impact on teeth hard structures claims further scientific investigations.
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Khan, Basheer, Shanomae Eastman, Abdu Yearwood, Safrawz Sharief, Shion Norton, Colin Quintyn, Stephen Liu, Shawn Jagnandan i Antalov Jagnandan. "Design and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Fume Extraction System for a Welding Company in Guyana". Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 15, nr 3 (9.11.2023): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i3315.
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The arc welding operation results in harmful fumes being emitted where welders are exposed to dangerous metallic gases and fumes for 6 to 8 hours daily at INFAB welding company in Guyana. This paper presents a design of a fume extraction system, the design incorporates workspace dimensions, volume calculations, duct materials required, framework materials, airflow requirements, and fan selection, guided by a target of 6 air changes per hour (ACH). In addition, the calculated required airflow rate of 58,500 ft³/h ensures the selection of appropriate fans. The design aims to create a safe and healthy welding area for the employees by removing harmful fumes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analyse velocity and pressure distribution, offering valuable insights into airflow patterns and pressure variations.
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Mohan, Sreejith, S. P. Sivapirakasham, P. Bineesh i K. K. Satpathy. "Strategies for Controlling Welding Fumes at the Source - A Review". Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (lipiec 2014): 2539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2539.
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Exposure to welding fumes and its related hazards has always been a matter of serious concern. The mass and composition of fumes from welding depends on several factors. A detailed knowledge of these factors is necessary for understanding the mechanism of fume formation and developing suitable control strategies. This paper gives a literature overview on the various factors affecting welding fumes and strategies for controlling it. The paper focus on types of welding process like Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) or Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW), Gas and Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). The research in the area of controlling fumes at the source has grown rapidly recently. Still, effective methods have hardly been explored. Improving arc stability by addition of materials with low ionization potential to the welding electrode lead to promising new research directions.
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Hameed, M. Shahul, S. P. Sivapirakasham, K. R. Balasubramanian i R. Nagalakshmi. "Investigations on Fume Formation Rate in Shielded Metal Arc Welding Process Using Different Electrodes". Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (listopad 2011): 4672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4672.
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Welding is one of the major processes used in the manufacturing industry. The base materials, welding consumable materials and physical and chemical phenomena, which are connected with high temperature and UV radiation, are emission source of welding fumes. The particulate solid dust and various gases are included in welding fumes. This paper addresses the experimental investigation made to study the process parameters on formation and composition of fumes during shielded Metal Arc welding (SMAW) of stainless steel. The process variables include electrode diameter and welding current. It was observed that, the welding current and electrode diameter have a positive effect on the fume formation that is, increase in welding current and electrode diameter caused an increase in the concentration. All the metallic constituents attached to it also exhibited the same behavior.
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Rim, Kyung Taek, Kun Koo Park, Jae Hyuck Sung, Yong Hyun Chung, Jeong Hee Han, Key Seung Cho, Kwang Jong Kim i Il Je Yu. "Gene-expression profiling using suppression-subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray in rat mononuclear cells in response to welding-fume exposure". Toxicology and Industrial Health 20, nr 1-5 (luty 2004): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233704th200oa.
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Welders with radiographic pneumoconiosis abnormalities have shown a gradual clearing of the X-ray identified effects following removal from exposure. In some cases, the pulmonary fibrosis associated with welding fumes appears in a more severe form in welders. Accordingly, for the early detection of welding-fume-exposure-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the gene expression profiles of peripheral mononuclear cells from rats exposed to welding fumes were studied using suppression-subtractive hybridization (SSH) and a cDNA microarray. As such, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a stainless steel arc welding fume for 2 h/day in an inhalation chamber with a 107.59 / 2.6 mg/m3 concentration of total suspended particulate (TSP) for 30 days. Thereafter, the total RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the cDNA synthesized from the total RNA using the SMARTTM PCR cDNA method, and SSH performed to select the welding-fume-exposure-regulated genes. The cDNAs identified by the SSH were then cloned into a plasmid miniprep, sequenced and the sequences analysed using the NCBI BLAST programme. In the SSH cloned cDNA microarray analysis, five genes were found to increase their expression by 1.9-fold or more, including Rgs 14, which plays an important function in cellular signal transduction pathways; meanwhile 36 genes remained the same and 30 genes decreased their expression by more than 59%, including genes associated with the immune response, transcription factors and tyrosine kinases. Among the 5200 genes analysed, 256 genes (5.1%) were found to increase their gene expression, while 742 genes (15%) decreased their gene expression in response to the welding-fume exposure when tested using a commercial 5.0k DNA microarray. Therefore, unlike exposure to other toxic substances, prolonged welding-fume exposure was found to substantially downregulate many genes.
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Thibaudin, Marion, Jean-David Fumet, Emeric Limagne, Léa Hampe, Susy Daumoine, Valentin Derangère, Caroline Laheurte, Olivier Adotevi, Caroline Truntzer i François Ghiringhelli. "Abstract CT217: First-line durvalumab and tremelimumab with chemotherapy in RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 1b-2 trial". Cancer Research 84, nr 7_Supplement (5.04.2024): CT217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-ct217.
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Abstract Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a difficult-to-treat disease. While patients with microsatellite instable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy with targeted therapies remains the only therapeutic option for microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. The single arm, phase IB/II MEDITREME trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of durvalumab plus tremelimumab combined with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy in first line, in 57 patients with RAS-mutant unresectable mCRC. Safety was the primary objective of phase IB; no safety issue was observed. The phase II primary objective of efficacy in terms of 3-month PFS in MSS patients was met, with 3-month PFS of 90.7% [95% CI: 79.2-96%]. For secondary objectives, response rate was 64.5%, median PFS was 8.2 months [95% CI: 5.9-8.6] and overall survival was not reached in MSS patients. We observed higher tumor mutational burden and lower genomic instability in responders. Integrated transcriptomic analysis underlined that high immune signature, and low epithelio-mesenchymal transition were associated with better outcome. Immunomonitoring showed induction of neoantigen and NY-ESO1 and TERT blood tumor specific T cell response, associated with better PFS. The combination of durvalumab-tremelimumab with mFOLFOX6 was tolerable with promising clinical activity in MSS mCRC. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03202758. Citation Format: Marion Thibaudin, Jean-David Fumet, Emeric Limagne, Léa Hampe, Susy Daumoine, Valentin Derangère, Caroline Laheurte, Olivier Adotevi, Caroline Truntzer, François Ghiringhelli. First-line durvalumab and tremelimumab with chemotherapy in RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 1b-2 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr CT217.
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Myklebust, Håkon Aleksander Hartvedt Olsen, Stefan Andersson i Gabriella Tranell. "Oxidation-Enhanced Evaporation in High-Carbon Ferromanganese". Oxidation of Metals 95, nr 3-4 (20.03.2021): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11085-021-10023-0.
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AbstractThermal fume formation is a problem in manganese ferroalloy production and the metal production industry at large. A better understanding of the mechanisms of fume formation and the operational parameters affecting the fume formation rate may help in reducing and managing fuming. This paper aims to investigate the effects of oxygen content and gas flow rate on the fuming rate and fume particulate properties for liquid high-carbon ferromanganese. The fuming rates were attained experimentally by measuring the fume flux with respect to oxygen content and gas velocity above the metal melt. The generated fumes were also characterized in terms of particle size and element distribution between fume and melt. The fuming rates were found to steadily increase with increasing oxygen content and flow rate of the gas up to a point where the curve flattens, following theoretical predictions. However, the highest flux values measured were above the theoretical limitations of the evaporation flux in vacuo given the alloy bulk composition. It is hypothesized that the high rate of fuming is caused by an increased manganese activity at the alloy surface due to local decarburization of the alloy in contact with the oxidizing gas. Graphical Abstract
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Hu, Wanpeng, Jumei Ye, Xiaozhen Chen, Guoying Wang, Sen Li, Hui Wang, Hong Li i Haiping Zhang. "Dining Lampblack Treatment Processes in China". Processes 9, nr 12 (13.12.2021): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122241.
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The PM2.5 and other small particles produced by cooking oil fumes have contributed up to 25% to the urban atmospheric PM2.5, which has a bad impact on air quality and seriously threatens human health. Aiming at the pollution problem caused by catering oil fume, this article analyzes the threats of air pollution to human health based on the compositions and characteristics of catering oil fume, illustrates the development trend of China′s food and beverage lampblack control policy, and summarizes and points out the current situation and development trend of catering oil fume treatment. In order to provide ideas for the design of more efficient and energy-saving treatment processes in the future, the advantages and disadvantages were reviewed, and the improvement direction of the treatment technology was discussed.
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Kuranc, Andrzej, Tomasz Słowik, Paweł Krzaczek i Grzegorz Maj. "Emission of Fumes of Ursus MF235 under Conditions of Load with The Use of a Movable Dynamometric Stand". Agricultural Engineering 20, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0068.
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Abstract The article presents calculations of unit fumes emission made based on the measurements of the fumes composition during a load test. The test was carried out with the use of a movable dynamometric stand adjusted for testing agricultural tractors by power take-off shaft. Calculations of unit emission were made based on the assumed flow of air sucked by an engine and the measured composition of fumes emitted during the load test. Results of tests and analyses supply information on the mass of particle matter and the selected gas elements emitted by an engine working under the load which was related to simultaneous determination of the exploitation characteristic of an engine. The presented methodology may be helpful at evaluation of impact of farm tractors on the environment within the hazardous fume components emitted by them.
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Şenol, Ahmet, i Arzu Guner. "Use of Silica Fume, Bentonite, and Waste Tire Rubber as Impermeable Layer Construction Materials". Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (17.01.2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7301343.
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To avoid the potential risks associated with all hazardous wastes, it is important that containment methods are intended to prevent the migration of liquid hazardous wastes or leaks containing hazardous components. Therefore, impermeable barriers were used to prevent contamination. In this study, geotechnical tests were performed on samples by mixing rubber and bentonite with silica fume at certain percentages. The aim of the experimental studies is to evaluate the applicability of certain proportions of silica fume, rubber, and bentonite mixtures as impermeable liner material. Possible cracks in bentonite during drying are reduced by the use of silica fume. Absorption of dynamic effects that may occur on the impermeable barrier layer is achieved by adding waste rubber in a uniform size. Several geotechnical tests were performed to examine the mixed rubber and bentonite with silica fumes. Looking at the results of the whole that mixed rubber and bentonite with silica fume yielded usable results and a blend for construction of a liner.
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Chen, Yu-Tzu, Rizal Justian Setiawan i Nur Azizah. "Modification of Energy Saving for Safe Welding Process: Case Study in Manufacturing of SME". International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Protection 3, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35745/ijesp2023v03.03.0003.
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Welding is a popular method for connecting metal in manufacturing. However, welding fumes are hazardous and pose a severe health risk to workers. To provide a safe environment, many manufacturing companies install fume extractors. Even though the air quality is improved in the welding area, fume extractors are always on in non-production hours, which wastes power. Thus, we modified a fume extractor by establishing an automated interconnection system integrated with the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding equipment for energy savings. The automated interconnection system was examined for its impact and energy-saving degree. The system includes a relay and timer to connect a fume extractor with MIG welding equipment. The fume extractor is on standby or active modes based on the welding gun operation. The active mode is on when the welding gun is operated, signaling the fume extractor to turn on and vice versa with a 30-second lag to turn off. A case study was conducted in Indonesia's Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) firm. The company's power usage significantly was reduced by more than 25% and operational expenses and CO2 emissions were also decreased. The system is practical and affordable for SMEs, especially those that rely on MIG welding and fume extractors for their operations.
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Begić, Razija. "Measurement of welding fume production in welding with high-alloy electrodes". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1208, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1208/1/012014.
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Abstract Due to their good structural properties, stainless Cr-Ni steels have a very wide application in various branches of technology. During the welding of stainless Cr-Ni steels with high-alloy coated electrodes, welding fumes of complex chemical composition are generated, which is very harmful for welders and the environment. For the purposes of this experiment, two variants of one rutile Cr-Ni commercial electrode, designated E 23 12 2 LR 12, were designed and fabricated. Higher production of welding fume particles also means greater danger to humans and the environment. In order to show the influence of the base material on the production of welding fume particles, an experiment for measuring the production of welding fume particles was performed in which two different steels were used as the base material, general structural steel S235JRG2 and stainless steel X6CrNiTi18.10.
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Liu, Hanbing, Guobao Luo, Longhui Wang, Wensheng Wang, Wenjun Li i Yafeng Gong. "Laboratory Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Pervious Concrete Pavement Material Containing Silica Fume". Applied Sciences 9, nr 1 (26.12.2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010073.
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Pervious concretes, such as sustainable pavement materials, have great advantages in solving urban flooding, promoting urban ecological balance, and alleviating urban heat island effect, due to its special porous structure. However, pervious concrete typically has high porosity and low strength. The insufficient strength and poor freeze-thaw durability are important factors that restrict its wide application, especially in seasonal frozen areas. Improving the strength and freeze-thaw resistance of pervious concrete will expand its application. Silica fumes, as an industrial by-product waste and supplementary cementitious material, play an important role in improving concrete performance. The objective of this paper was to study the effects of silica fumes on properties of sustainable pervious concrete. Silica fumes were used to replace cement with the equivalent volume method at different levels (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%). The control pervious concrete and silica fume-modified pervious concrete mixtures were prepared in the lab. The porosity, permeability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and freeze-thaw resistance properties of all mixtures were tested. The results indicated that the addition of silica fumes significantly improved the strength and freeze-thaw resistance of pervious concrete. The porosity and permeability of all pervious concrete mixtures changed little with the content of silica fumes due to the adoption of the equal volume replacement method.
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Koppisch, Dorothea, Wolfgang Zschiesche, Arno Goebel, Saskia Schlatter, Yvonne von Mehring, Rolf Ellegast, Rainer Van Gelder i in. "Schweißrauchexpositionen in Deutschland und Bewertung der gesundheitsschädigenden Wirkungen – insbesondere im Hinblick auf Lungenkrebserkrankungen". ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2023, nr 03 (27.02.2023): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-1-257912.
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Welding fume exposure in Germany and evaluation of the adverse effects on health, particularly in respect to lung cancer diseases Exposure to welding fumes can negatively affect human health in different ways. German legislation on occupational diseases (BKV) lists a variety of such diseases which can be recognised as occupational diseases in welders. Lung cancer is one of the diseases listed in the German legislation. In 2018, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reevaluated the lung cancer risk of welders and, for the first time, found sufficient evidence for the causation of lung cancer. In Germany, therefore, discussions are currently under way on expanding the German list of recognised occupational diseases accordingly. This article contains information on various welding processes, the associated emission of welding fumes and the adverse health effects based on the IARC assessment, including the occupational diseases listed in the current German list of occupational diseases. Furthermore, an overview is given of the current status of exposure quantification and risk evaluation according to the literature as well as recommendations for the assessment of exposure to welding fumes. Keywords: welding fumes – occupational disease – lung cancer – risk evaluation
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Balkrishna, Acharya, Swami Yagyadev, Swami Vipradev, Kanchan Singh, Yash Varshney, Shubhangi Rastogi, Swati Haldar i Anurag Varshney. "Vishaghn Dhoop, Nano-Scale Particles with Detoxifying Medicinal Fume, Exhibits Robust Anti-Microbial Activities: Implications of Disinfection Potentials of a Traditional Ayurvedic Air Sterilization Technique". Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 27 (styczeń 2022): 2515690X2110688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x211068832.
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The rapidly increasing global burden of healthcare associated infections (HAI) is resulting in proportionate increase in chemical disinfection in healthcare settings, adding an extra burden of environmental toxicity. Therefore, alternative disinfection techniques with less or no adverse side-effects need to be explored. In this regard, ayurvedic ‘ dhoopan’ technique involving slow combustion of medicinal herbs, minerals and animal products hold great promise. In this study, dhoopan of a traditionally defined ayurvedic medicinal mix, ‘Vishaghn Dhoop’ (VD) has been assessed for its anti-microbial potentials against both Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria, Mycobacterium and pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. Fume generated from slow combustion of VD was subjected to physico-chemical characterization and was assessed for anti-microbial effects. VD fume contained particles of 354 ± 84 nm size, laden with anti-microbial metabolites. On agar plates, VD fumigation reduced bacterial growth by 13 - 38%. Liquid culture aeration with VD fume inhibited bacterial growth by 50 - 85%, and fungal growth by 80%. In real life settings (in vivo), un-sanitized rooms fumigated with VD fumes for 30 min reduced the environmental microbial loads by 10 folds. In addition, the safety of VD fumigation was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity assay on human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Cells exposed to media-collected VD fumes for 24 h exhibited normal cyto-safety profile. Collectively, these observations provide scientific evidence in support of a traditional technique of disinfection, which can be fine-tuned to have implications in clinical, healthcare and food industry where, disinfection is a prime requirement.
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J, Anitha, i Srividya R S. "Experimental Investigation on performance of silica fumes as a soil stabilizer for oil contaminated strata". International Journal of Civil, Environmental and Agricultural Engineering 2, nr 1 (29.05.2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijceae2011.
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Oil leakage is an environmental issue unnoticed in the present time. The problem of oil leakage and oil contamination is main concern for petroleum harvesting countries. Oil contamination in soil creates health issues in the area surrounding it. The nutrients in the soil get reduced significantly due to oil contamination which makes the land not suitable for cultivation. The oil produces hydrocarbons which makes the civil structures weak and out at risk. The most harmful effects of oil contamination are excessive settlement of structures, breakage of underground pipes, etc. In this project, we are trying to study the effects of oil contamination in the soil and also to find a sustainable solution for it. The soil is contaminated in the percentage from 0 to 20% and the tests on index and engineering properties have been conducted to find the effect of engine oil. In order to stabilize the oil contaminated soil, we use silica fumes as a stabilizing agent. The optimum percentage of silica fume is chosen based on the tests of Index and Engineering properties conducted on the soil with silica fumes. The percentage of oil where the soil properties need stabilization is known and the soil is stabilized with the optimum silica fume percentage.
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Krabbe, Julia, Thomas Kraus, Hanif Krabbe, Christian Martin i Patrick Ziegler. "Welding Fume Instillation in Isolated Perfused Mouse Lungs—Effects of Zinc- and Copper-Containing Welding Fumes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 16 (12.08.2022): 9052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169052.
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Zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes can cause systemic inflammation after exposure in humans. Recent ex vivo studies have shown that the observed inflammation originates from exposed immune cells. In vitro studies identified the soluble fraction of metal particles as the main effectors. Isolated perfused mouse lungs (IPLs) were perfused and ventilated for 270 min. Lungs were instilled with saline solution (control), welding fume particle suspension (WFs) or the soluble fraction of the welding fumes (SF-WFs). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and perfusate samples were analyzed for cytokine levels and lung tissue mRNA expression levels were analyzed via RT-PCR. All lungs instilled with WFs did not complete the experiments due to a fatal reduction in tidal volume. Accordingly, IL-6 and MPO levels were significantly higher in BALF of WF lungs compared to the control. IL-6 and MPO mRNA expression levels were also increased for WFs. Lungs instilled with SF-WFs only showed mild reactions in tidal volume, with BALF and mRNA expression levels not significantly differing from the control. Zinc- and copper-containing welding fume particles adversely affect IPLs when instilled, as evidenced by the fatal loss in tidal volume and increased cytokine expression and secretion. The effects are mainly caused by the particles, not by the soluble fraction.
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Mihailescu, Dănuţ, Octavian Frincu i Marius Corneliu Gheonea. "The Comparative Analysis of the Concentration of Microparticles during Mechanized MAG Welding Using Cored Wires". Advanced Materials Research 814 (wrzesień 2013): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.814.76.
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Use of cored wire - shielding gas (gas mixture) pair, during mechanized MAG welding, causes the microparticles formation which is harmful for the welder’s health. The paper presents the experimental method for determining the concentration of the microparticles generated during MAG welding when rutile cored wires (standard and low fume emission) and metal powder cored wires (standard and low fume emission) are used. Carbon dioxide and the shielding gas mixture are investigated, too. Four types of cored wires were comparatively analysed, when three wire speed values were applied. The research of the microparticles concentration was conducted after each welding bead deposition, at the upper part of the welding enclosure, using MicroDust Pro particulate monitor. After each weld bead was deposited, the metal frame of the welding enclosure was removed, and, the fumes and gases, produced during the welding process, were eliminated through two fans, positioned inside and outside of the equipment. Using rutile cored wire with low fume emission, a decrease of microparticles concentration up to 30% is noticed in comparison with standard rutile cored wire. Using metal powders cored wire with low fume emission, the microparticles concentration is diminished with 12.5% comparing with standard metal powders cored wire.
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Peters, Susan, Jerome Lavoue, Marissa Baker i Hans Kromhout. "O2E.4 Evaluation of exposure assessment methods in epidemiological studies: the welding example". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (kwiecień 2019): A21.1—A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.55.
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Exposure assessment quality is a fundamental consideration in the design and evaluation of observational studies. High quality exposure assessment is particularly relevant for outcomes with long latency, such as cancer, where detailed information on past exposures are often missing and must therefore be estimated.For the IARC Monograph on welding, the exposure group provided an overview of assessment methods used in the key epidemiological studies. Strengths and weaknesses of each study were assessed, along with their potential effects on interpretation of risk estimates.For the association between lung cancer and welding fume exposure, 9 cohort and 10 case-control studies were reviewed. For ocular melanoma and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from welding, 7 case-control studies were reviewed. Quality criteria were: full occupational histories, and standardized, blinded and quantitative exposure assessment. Additional criteria for lung cancer: specifically assessing welding fumes and using information on welding tasks. For ocular melanoma: assessing artificial and solar radiation separately, taking into account eye burns, eye protection and welding type.Exposure assessment of welding fumes by applying a ‘welding-exposure matrix’ (n=2) or welding-specific questionnaires (n=3) were considered highest quality, followed by case-by-case expert assessment (n=5) or general job-exposure matrices (JEMs, n=4). Job title alone was considered less informative (n=5). For exposure to UVR, JEMs were most informative (n=2), followed by self-reported eye burns and self-reported exposure from specific welding types (n=2), although caution is advised regarding recall bias. Assessing welding fume exposure or ever exposure to welding arcs as proxy for UVR was considered less informative. For both exposures, ever versus never welder, or assessments based on data collected from proxies, were considered least informative.The overall evaluation was that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of welding fumes and ultraviolet radiation from welding.
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Pashaian, Gary, i Peter R. Holman. "FUME SCRUBBERS FOR FUMES AND/OR DUST: WHAT ARE THEIR LIMITS?" Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, nr 6 (1.01.2004): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784106264.
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Wu, Ben Ying, Xi Wu Zhou i Jin Zhong Lu. "Preparation and Properties of High-Performance Concrete with Ceramic Coarse Aggregate". Materials Science Forum 852 (kwiecień 2016): 1413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.1413.
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High-performance concrete was prepared by using ceramic waste as coarse aggregate. The influences of several factors, such as the contents of ceramic coarse aggregates, fly ashes and silica fumes, on the properties of concrete material were investigated. The results show that the compressive strength of semi-porcelain coarse aggregate concrete are slightly lower than that of natural concrete, and the splitting tensile strength and the ratio of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength is similar to the ones of natural concrete. After fly ash and silica fume mixed, the compressive strength, the splitting tensile strength and the resistance to water penetration of concrete with semi-porcelain coarse aggregate increase significantly with the increase of silica fume content which meet the requirements of high-performance concrete. Concrete with orcelain coarse aggregate is only suitable for low strength concrete.
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Cho, Mohmmad Hassan. "IMPROVING THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CLAYEY SOIL USING SILICA FUME AND SISAL FIBER". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 04 (27.04.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31950.
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Building on soft soils continues to be a challenge for civil engineers in the modern world, despite the rapid development of infrastructure projects and advancements in construction technology. They exhibit a large volumetric change upon contact with water, which is the cause of their limited bearing capacity. Various stabilization strategies can be used to handle the soft clay's shear strength issue. In this experiment, sisal fibers and silica fumes were added in different amounts to the clay soil in order to determine the ideal moisture content and strength parameters for reaching the maximum dry density of the soil. By adjusting the amount of sisal fiber for each amount of silica fume, the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test has been used to examine the strength of both natural clay and clay modified with silica fume (6%, 12%, 18%) and sisal fibers (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) separately, as well as the combination of all the materials. Using a small compaction device, standard proctor test was used to determine the ideal moisture content and maximum dry density. According to the test results, the maximum dry density falls with increasing silica fume content likewise, the maximum dry density increases with increasing sisal fiber content. The addition of 12% silica fume and 2.0% sisal fiber to the clay sample results in a maximum strength when taking the strength parameter into account. Key Words: Compaction test, CBR, UCS, Silica fume, Sisal Fiber
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Arab, Mohammad Reza, i Mohammad Hossein Heidari. "Histological Study of the Toxic Effects of Solder Fumes on Spermatogenesis in Rats". Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (maj 2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.115.
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Objective: Toxic fumes generated during the soldering process contain various contaminants released at sufficient rates to cause both short- and long-term health problems. Studies have shown that these fumes change the quality and quantity of semen fluid in exposed workers. The aim of the present study was to determine the potentially toxic effects of solder fumes on spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of rats as an experimental model, with conditioned media in an exposed chamber. Materials and Methods: A total number of 48 male Sprague Dawley adult rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=18) groups. Based on exposure time, each group was further subdivided into two, four and six subgroups. Rats in the experimental groups were exposed to solder fumes in an exposure chamber for one hour/ day. The concentrations of fumes [formaldehyde, stanum (Sn) and lead (Pb)] were measured by a standard method via atomic absorption and spectrophotometry. According to a timetable, under deep anesthesia, the rats of both experimental and control subgroups were killed. After fixation of testes, specimens were weighed and routinely processed. Paraffin sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Spermiogenesis index was calculated and data analyzed by Mann Whitney NPAR test. Results: Analysis of air samples in the exposure chamber showed the following fume concentrations: 0.193 mg/m3 for formaldehyde, 0.35 mg/m3 for Sn and 3 mg/m3 for Pb. Although there was no significant difference in testes weight between control and experimental subgroups, there was only a significant difference in spermiogenesis index between the six week experimental and control subgroups (p<0.02). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that solder fumes can change the spermiogenesis index in experimental groups in a time dependent manner.
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Caputo, Paolino, Giuseppe Antonio Ranieri, Nicolas Godbert, Iolinda Aiello, Antonio Tagarelli i Cesare Oliviero Rossi. "Investigation of new additives to reduce the fume emission of bitumen during Asphalt Concrete Processing". Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 7, nr 4 (7.11.2018): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc74181107-rossi.
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Pavement materials play an important role in overall pavement sustainability including material acquisition processing, and transportation. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of new additives, to reduce bitumen’s fume emission expelled into the atmosphere, during the processing of asphalt concrete. The new additives act by trapping bitumen’s volatile substances avoiding their release at high temperatures. In this paper, we have been tested the performance of 2 types of mesoporous silica-based additives (AntiSmog 1 and AntiSmog 2). The idea of using these additives to reduce the emission of fumes in bitumen has been submitted as a patent. To quantify and characterize the emitted fumes, thermogravimetry (TGA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique have been used. Dynamic Shear Rheology (DSR) has been used to check the rheological properties and the possible sedimentation issues that could occur after the addition of the additives
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Abdull, Norhidayah, Nur Sarah Irina Muhammad, Khairiah Mohd Mokhtar i Zarifah Shahri. "Occurrence, characterization, and transport mechanism of welding fumes particles emitted during the welding process". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2688, nr 1 (1.01.2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2688/1/012010.
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Abstract In metalworking processes, welding fumes are a prevalent type of particle aerosols. Particle characteristics, physical factors, and the generation process influence the transport of welding fumes in the air. This research delves into the investigation of welding fumes particles during two types of currents: low current (60A) and high current (130A). The study encompasses the determination of the occurrence and characterization of these particles, as well as estimating their transport mechanisms during the welding process. Direct reading instruments were utilized to measure the mass concentration and the number concentration of welding fumes particles alongside environmental parameters such as relative humidity, air velocity, and air temperature. The size distribution and morphology of the particles were collected through a sampling pump and subsequently analyzed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Welding fumes particle transport was predicted by employing variables such as Reynolds number (Re), settling velocity, mechanical velocity, and stopping distance. The welding process’s high current (130 A) generates a higher mass concentration (0.122mg/m3) than the low current (60 A) (0.064mg/m3). Notably, for particle size fractions ranging from 0.5μm to 2.0μm, the number of particles generated during high current surpassed that of low current, except for the 0.3μm size fraction. Analysis of the size distribution through FESEM revealed particle sizes of 2.25μm, 2.33μm, and 2.63μm for welding fumes collected during 130A. In contrast, fumes collected during 60A exhibited sizes of 0.45μm, 0.61μm, and 0.60μm. Notably, accumulation of particles were observed, indicating that the fumes collected during 60A consisted of smaller particles classified as fine particles. The particle counts for high and low currents were 283,232,661 count/m3 and 300,604,341 count/m3, respectively. The observed particle shapes appeared agglomerate, comprised of primary spherical particles adhering together through Van Der Waals forces. Reynolds number values (Re=0.0046-0.0223, less than 1) indicated that the motion of fume particles occurred within a laminar flow regime. Furthermore, the movement of particles was influenced by their diameter, with larger particles exhibiting higher settling velocities, smaller mechanical mobility, and shorter travelled distances. In summary, this research sheds light on the intricate transport mechanisms of welding fumes, providing insights into their occurrence, characterization, and transport during the metalworking process.
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Muhammed, N., L. Shihab i S. Sakin. "Ultimate Load of Different Types of Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Columns Attacked by Sulphate". Civil Engineering Journal 8, nr 10 (1.10.2022): 2069–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-10-04.
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In this study, the effects of the partial immersion of sulphate attack on the ultimate load capacity of reinforced self-compacting concrete (SCC) columns and the sulphate attack resistance improvement using silica fume, steel fibres, and the combination of silica fume and steel fibres were assessed. Twelve short circular self-compacting reinforced concrete columns (0.150 m in diameter and 0.7 m long) were cast and divided into groups according to (1) the three acid-attack groups. The first group was tested without an acid attack (control). The second group was tested after 1 month of exposure to 2% acid. The final group was tested after 1 month of exposure to 4% acid and was then (2) subdivided according to the type of casted concrete. The first group was cast with SCC. The second group was cast with SCC and silica fume (0.1% of the cement weight). The third group was cast with SCC and 1% volume fraction steel fibres. The fourth group was cast with SCC silica fume and 1% volume fraction steel fibre. All columns were tested by axial loading. The ultimate load was increased by 42% with silica fume, 190% with steel fibres, and 238% with silica fume and steel fibres. Exposure to 2% and 4% acid reduced the ultimate loads of the columns casted with SCC by 23% and 47%, the columns casted with SCC and silica fume by 34% and 37%, the columns casted with SCC and steel fibres by 69% and 78%, and the columns casted with SCC, silica fume, and steel fibres by 72% and 79%, respectively. Based on the results, using silica fumes improved sulphate resistance, and using steel fibres enhanced sulphate resistance at an acceptable ratio. Furthermore, the mix with silica fume and steel fibres improved sulphate resistance at a good ratio. We encountered several problems in this study. The partial immersion of sulphate affected the strain in both concrete and steel. Future studies using different immersion ratios are recommended. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-04 Full Text: PDF
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Tian, Dongpeng, Zhongmou Sun, Enlai Wan, Wentao Zhou, Ziang Chen i Yuzhu Liu. "Online in situ detection of kitchen environment based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy". Journal of Laser Applications 34, nr 3 (sierpień 2022): 032011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000700.
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The damage of kitchen oil fume to the human body and environment cannot be ignored. Based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), five kitchen environments are online in situ detected, including the air scene, fry scene, grill scene, steam scene, and stew scene. In the spectra, characteristic elements such as C, H, O, and N are detected in the fry scene containing oil fume, and metal elements such as Mg, Ca, K, and Na are observed in the grill scene containing charcoal smoke. The spectra of five kitchen environments are tested and compared. In the measurement, except for the air scene, obvious carbon–nitrogen molecular spectral lines are detected. LIBS is combined with principal component analysis and backpropagation artificial neural network system to detect and analyze kitchen fumes. Finally, five kitchen scenes are analyzed and identified based on this system, and the final recognition accuracy is 98.60%.