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1

T., Gladys Vimala, Bena Jothy E., and Selvarajan P. "CHARACTERIZATION OF GAMMA GLYCINE CRYSTALS GROWN USING RUBIDIUM CHLORIDE AS AN ADDITIVE (GGRC)." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2017): 142–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.823275.

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Gamma glycine crystals using rubidium chloride as an additive (GGRC) were grown at room temperature (31 <sup>o</sup>C). The saturated aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving glycine and rubidium chloride in 3:1 molar ratio and single crystals of gamma glycine were grown in a period of four weeks by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals of GGRC were characterized by single crystal XRD analysis, UV-visible transmittance studies, dielectric studies, mechanical studies, LDT studies, The Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) efficiency of the sample was measured using a Nd:YAG laser. The resul
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G., Emerson Robin, Sankar U., Chithambarathanu T., and Selvarajan P. "GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GAMMA GLYCINE CRYSTALS DOPED WITH POTASSIUM CARBONATE." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2017): 122–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.818044.

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Undoped and potassium carbonate doped gamma glycine crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique. Gamma glycine crystals were grown from the aqueous solution of sodium chloride. 1 mole% of potassium carbonate was added into the aqueous solution of gamma glycine to obtain the doped crystals. The harvested crystals were observed to be transparent, colourless and non-hygroscopic and these crystals crystallize in hexagonal structure. FTIR studies reveal the functional groups of the samples. NLO studies have been carried out to check the second harmonic generation (SHG). Also the grown crystal
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3

Lowry, M., D. E. Hall, M. S. Hall, and J. T. Brosnan. "Renal metabolism of amino acids in vivo: studies on serine and glycine fluxes." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, no. 2 (1987): F304—F309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.2.f304.

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The pathway of serine synthesis by the rat kidney has been investigated in vivo by measuring the net flux in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors of the glycine cleavage system, phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. In normal animals serine release was 705 +/- 187 nmol X min-1 X animal-1, whereas glycine uptake was only 28% of this value. Inhibition of the glycine cleavage system (cysteamine infusion) resulted in a reversal of glycine flux with no change in serine production. In similar experiments with mercaptopicolinate serine release was decreased b
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4

Haaf, Moritz, Stjepan Curic, Jonas Rauh, Saskia Steinmann, Christoph Mulert, and Gregor Leicht. "Opposite Modulation of the NMDA Receptor by Glycine and S-Ketamine and the Effects on Resting State EEG Gamma Activity: New Insights into the Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031913.

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NMDA-receptor hypofunction is increasingly considered to be an important pathomechanism in schizophrenia. However, to date, it has not been possible to identify patients with relevant NMDA-receptor hypofunction who would respond to glutamatergic treatments. Preclinical models, such as the ketamine model, could help identify biomarkers related to NMDA-receptor function that respond to glutamatergic modulation, for example, via activation of the glycine-binding site. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of opposing modulation of the NMDA receptor on gamma activity (30–100 Hz) at rest,
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5

Triller, A., F. Cluzeaud, and H. Korn. "gamma-Aminobutyric acid-containing terminals can be apposed to glycine receptors at central synapses." Journal of Cell Biology 104, no. 4 (1987): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.4.947.

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The distributions of terminals containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and of endings apposed to glycine receptors were investigated cytochemically in the ventral horn of the rat spinal cord. For this purpose, a polyclonal antibody raised to recognize glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a synthetic enzyme for GABA, and three monoclonal antibodies (mAb's) directed against the glycine receptor were used. Double immunofluorescence showed that, surprisingly, GAD-positive terminals are closely associated in this system with glycine receptors at all the investigated cells, most of which were spinal
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6

Anbu Chudar Azhagan, S., and V. S. Kathiravan. "Selective crystallization of gamma glycine for NLO applications using magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as an additive." Materials Science-Poland 37, no. 2 (2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2019-0028.

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AbstractCrystallization of γ-glycine in the presence of selected concentration (9 g/mL) of tailor-made additive magnesium sulfate heptahydrate salt (MgSO4·7H2O) has been studied at ambient temperature by adopting slow solvent evaporation procedure. The morphological modifications of glycine crystals grown from pure aqueous solutions of glycine and from glycine solutions containing magnesium species in the amount of 0.1 g/mL to 16 g/mL have been investigated thoroughly. The crystalline nature and phase identification of the crystalline material were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and SXR
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7

Przybytniak, Grażyna, Jarosław Sadło, Małgorzata Dąbrowska, and Zbigniew Zimek. "Radicals initiated by gamma rays in selected amino acids and collagen." Nukleonika 64, no. 1 (2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2019-0002.

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Abstract Calf skin collagen and three amino acids essential for its structure, namely glycine, L-proline and 4-hydroxyl-L-proline, were irradiated with gamma rays up to a dose of 10 kGy. Conversion of radicals over time or after thermal annealing to selected temperatures was monitored by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Some experimental spectra were compared with signals simulated based on literature data from the electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) studies. The following phenomena were confirmed in the tested amino acids: abstraction of hydrogen atom (glycine,
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8

Nguyen, Hai T., Ke-yong Li, Ralph L. daGraca, Ellise Delphin, Ming Xiong, and Jiang H. Ye. "Behavior and Cellular Evidence for Propofol-induced Hypnosis Involving Brain Glycine Receptors." Anesthesiology 110, no. 2 (2009): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181942b5b.

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Background It is well documented that several general anesthetics, including propofol, potentiate glycine receptor function. Furthermore, glycine receptors exist throughout the central nervous system, including areas of the brain thought to be involved in sleep. However, the role of glycine receptors in anesthetic-induced hypnosis has not been determined. Methods Experiments were conducted in rats where the loss of righting reflex (LORR) was used as a marker of the hypnotic state. Propofol-induced LORR was examined in the presence and absence of strychnine (a glycine receptor antagonist), GABA
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9

Peter, M. Esthaku, and P. Ramasamy. "Growth of gamma glycine crystal and its characterisation." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 75, no. 5 (2010): 1417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2010.01.011.

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10

Martin, S., та J. J. Harding. "Site of carbamoylation of bovine γ-II-crystallin by potassium [14C]cyanate". Biochemical Journal 262, № 3 (1989): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2620909.

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One possible route to cataract formation may be via the carbamoylation of lens proteins due to increased concentrations of cyanate in the body resulting from uraemia associated with renal failure and with severe diarrhoea. Carbamoylation of gamma-II-crystallin, which is found in the lens core, could alter the surface charge network of the molecules, resulting in aggregation, increased light-scattering and hence cataract. We have attempted to locate the site(s) of carbamoylation in gamma-II-crystallin. gamma-II-Crystallin was isolated by gel chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. gamma
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11

Liu, Yao, Mees H. van den Berg, and Andrew J. Alexander. "Supersaturation dependence of glycine polymorphism using laser-induced nucleation, sonocrystallization and nucleation by mechanical shock." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 29 (2017): 19386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03146g.

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12

Ateng Supriyatna, Aida Syakira Khoerunnisa, Alika Maulidina, Ilvi Maulidina, and Indrianita D M Nur Azizah. "Efek Induksi Mutasi Radiasi Gamma Terhadap Pertumbuhan Fisiologis Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max (L) Merrill)." Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Tanaman 2, no. 2 (2024): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jurrit.v2i2.2455.

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Literature studies can examine the effect of gamma radiation on physiological aspects of soybean plants. Gamma radiation is known to impact genetic diversity, growth, morphology, seed size, weight and protein content of soybean plants. The aim of this literature study is to examine the effects of providing gamma rays on the physiology of soybean plants (Glycine max (L) Merrill). The method used is literature or literature study where the author uses several pieces of literature as references in the journal he created. Some studies show that gamma radiation can cause a decrease in the ability o
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13

Castro, V. M., M. K. Kelley, Å. Engqvist-Goldstein, and L. M. Kauvar. "Glutathione analogue sorbents selectively bind glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes." Biochemical Journal 292, no. 2 (1993): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2920371.

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Novel affinity sorbents for glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were created by binding glutathione (GSH) analogues to Sepharose 6B. The GSH molecule was modified at the glycine moiety and at the group attached to the sulphur of cysteine. When tested by affinity chromatography in a flow-through microplate format, several of these sorbents selectively bound GST isoenzymes. gamma E-C(Hx)-phi G (glutathione with a hexyl moiety bound to cysteine and phenylglycine substituted for glycine) specifically bound rat GST 7-7, the Pi-class isoenzyme, from liver, kidney and small intestine. gamma E-C(Bz)-bet
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14

Futai, M., A. Iwamoto, H. Omote, et al. "Escherichia coli ATP synthase (F-ATPase): catalytic site and regulation of H+ translocation." Journal of Experimental Biology 172, no. 1 (1992): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.172.1.443.

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We discuss our recent results on the Escherichia coli F-ATPase, in particular its catalytic site in the beta subunit and regulation of H+ transport by the gamma subunit. Affinity labelling experiments suggest that beta Lys-155 in the glycine-rich sequence is near the gamma-phosphate moiety of ATP bound at the catalytic site. The enzyme loses activity upon introduction of missense mutations in beta Lys-155 or beta Thr-156 and changes catalytic properties upon introduction of other mutations. By analysis of mutations and their pseudo revertants, residues beta Ser-174, beta Glu-192 and beta Val-1
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15

Groff, J. L., J. B. Harp, and M. DiGirolamo. "Simplified enzymatic assay of angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 3 (1993): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.3.400.

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Abstract We report a simple, enzymatic method for determining angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1) in serum. The proposed method features coupling an established reaction catalyzed by gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) to the ACE reaction, which releases glycylglycine from the artificial substrate hippuryl-glycyl-glycine. The glycyl-glycine released by the ACE reaction becomes rate-limiting in the GGT reaction, in which it participates as a receptor substrate for a gamma-glutamyl group transferred from a donor substrate, L-gamma-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide. The react
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16

Muth-Selbach, Uta, Eva Dybek, Katrin Kollosche, et al. "The Spinal Antinociceptive Effect of Nocistatin in Neuropathic Rats Is Blocked by D-Serine." Anesthesiology 101, no. 3 (2004): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200409000-00025.

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Background The neuropeptide nocistatin (NST) has been implicated in the modulation of nociceptive responses in the spinal cord. Depending on the dose, both pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects have repeatedly been reported. The pronociceptive effect is most likely attributable to inhibition of synaptic glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid release and a subsequent reduction in the activation of inhibitory glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, but the mechanisms of its antinociceptive action have hitherto remained elusive. It has recently been demonstrated that synaptically release
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17

Sim, G. K., and A. Augustin. "Extrathymic positive selection of gamma delta T cells. V gamma 4J gamma 1 rearrangements with "GxYS" junctions." Journal of Immunology 146, no. 7 (1991): 2439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.146.7.2439.

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Abstract Neither function nor Ag recognition properties of gamma delta T cells are well understood yet. A TCR gamma-chain family, characterized by distinct N region sequences that converge in coding for a "GxYS" VJ junctional sequence, appears late in ontogeny among highly diversified V gamma 4J gamma 1C gamma 1 chains of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The glycine and serine codons are of germline V gamma 4 and J gamma 1 origin, respectively, whereas the N region consists of a variable amino acid residue x, followed by an invariant tyrosine Y. The high expression of V gamma 4 xYJ gamma 1C gamma 1 in
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18

Caspary, D. M., P. M. Backoff, P. G. Finlayson, and P. S. Palombi. "Inhibitory inputs modulate discharge rate within frequency receptive fields of anteroventral cochlear nucleus neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 5 (1994): 2124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2124.

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1. The amino acid neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine function as inhibitory neurotransmitters associated with nonprimary inputs onto spherical bushy and stellate cells, two principal cell types located in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN). These neurons are characterized by primary-like (including phase-locked) and chopper temporal response patterns, respectively. 2. Inhibition directly adjacent to the excitatory response area has been hypothesized to sharpen or limit the breadth of the tonal frequency receptive field. This study was undertaken to test whether
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Boatright, Jeffrey H., Nara M. Rubim, and P. Michael Iuvone. "Regulation of endogenous dopamine release in amphibian retina by gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine." Visual Neuroscience 11, no. 5 (1994): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380000393x.

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AbstractEndogenous dopamine release in the retina of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) increases in light and decreases in darkness. The roles of the inhibitory amino acid transmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine in regulating this light/dark difference in dopamine release were explored in the present study. Exogenous GABA, the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol, the GABA-B receptor agonist baclofen, and the GABA-C receptor agonist cis-aminocrotonic acid (CACA) suppressed light-evoked dopamine overflow from eyecups. The effects of GABA-A and -B receptor agonists were select
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20

Gilbertson, T. A., S. Borges, and M. Wilson. "The effects of glycine and GABA on isolated horizontal cells from the salamander retina." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 6 (1991): 2002–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.6.2002.

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1. Horizontal cells, identified by their morphology, were isolated from the salamander retina and examined in whole cell patch clamp. 2. All cells showed large outward currents activating positive to about -50 mV, and a minority of cells showed fast, tetrodotoxin-suppressible Na+ currents. Slow inward currents that might shape the light responses were never observed. 3. All cells showed conductance increases to both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine that were completely blocked by bicuculline and strychnine, respectively. No cross-blocking by these antagonists was observed. Partial re
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21

Williams, R. C., E. Kievit, N. Tsuchiya, C. Malone, and L. Hutt-Fletcher. "Differential mapping of Fc gamma-binding and monoclonal antibody-reactive epitopes on gE, the Fc gamma-binding glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 1." Journal of Immunology 149, no. 7 (1992): 2415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.149.7.2415.

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Abstract The entire 396 residue extracellular sequence of gE the HSV-1 Fc gamma-binding glycoprotein has been studied to determine epitopes binding to two mAb II-481 and 88S previously demonstrated to react with gE at or near the Fc gamma-binding regions. Overlapping 7-mers constructed from the established sequence were tested with mAb II-481 and 88S along with their Fab fragments. Control mAb of the same IgG 2b subclass as well as whole rabbit and human IgG and Fc were also tested for binding to overlapping linear sequences using the ELISA pin assay to map Fc gamma-binding regions. Six sequen
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22

Gao, B. X., and L. Ziskind-Conhaim. "Development of glycine- and GABA-gated currents in rat spinal motoneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 1 (1995): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.1.113.

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1. Developmental changes in glycine- and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated currents were studied in spinal motoneurons of embryonic and neonatal rats with the use of whole cell recording techniques. 2. Pressure ejection of glycine or GABA onto motoneuron somata produced Cl(-)-mediated inward currents and membrane depolarizations. During embryonic development, the average amplitude of GABA-gated currents was threefold larger than that of glycine-gated currents, but as a result of a large eightfold postnatal increase in glycine-activated currents, similar currents were produced by both am
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23

Azhagan, S. Anbu Chudar, V. S. Kathiravan, and N. Sathiya Priya. "Crystallization, habit modification and control of nucleation of glycine polymorphs from aqueous solutions doped with magnesium sulfate impurity." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 3 (2018): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2018-0075.

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AbstractThe influence of magnesium sulfate as an additive in the nucleation of α and γ-polymorphs of glycine crystallized from aqueous solutions has been explored for the first time. Based on crystallization experiments, it was concluded that lower concentration of magnesium sulfate, say less than 2 g/mL, favors α-nucleation sites, whereas the optimized concentration of magnesium sulfate impurity to yield -nucleation sites is 2 g/mL and above. The nucleation time span (in days), solubility and pH were measured for α- and γ-nucleation sites in the aqueous solutions doped with magnesium sulfate.
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24

Trombley, P. Q., and G. M. Shepherd. "Glycine exerts potent inhibitory actions on mammalian olfactory bulb neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 2 (1994): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.2.761.

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1. It is generally presumed that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediates inhibition in the mammalian brain, whereas glycine is restricted to the brain stem and spinal cord. Recent immunocytochemical and molecular biological studies have demonstrated, however, a widespread distribution of glycine receptors through-out the CNS, including the olfactory bulb. To explore the functional significance of glycine receptors in the olfactory bulb we have used primary culture and whole-cell voltage-clamp recording techniques to test the hypothesis that glycine, as well as GABA, exerts inhibitory actions o
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Shinde, S. H., and T. Mukherjee. "Gamma dose measurement by glycine system using spectrophotometric read-out method." Radiation Measurements 41, no. 4 (2006): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.10.006.

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Kish, P. E., C. Fischer-Bovenkerk, and T. Ueda. "Active transport of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine into synaptic vesicles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 86, no. 10 (1989): 3877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.10.3877.

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Baraniraj, T., and P. Philominathan. "Growth and Characterization of Gamma Glycine Single Crystals Grown from Alpha Glycine in the Presence of Sodium Acetate." Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 10, no. 04 (2011): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2011.104025.

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28

Hanafiah, Diana Sofia, Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas, Sudirman Yahya, and Desta Wirnas. "Penggunaan Mikro Irradiasi Sinar Gamma untuk Meningkatkan Keragaman Genetik pada Varietas Kedelai Argomulyo [Glycine max (L) Merr]." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 14, no. 1 (2012): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.14.1.80-85.

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This research used gamma ray irradiation on low doses (micro mutation). The aim of this research was to know the respons of doses level bymicro mutation on gamma ray irridation to the growing and development of Argomulyo variety of Glycine max (L) Merr (M1), the seeds isirradiated by gamma ray by micro mutation was 0 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy. Variation that obtained of each characters atgeneration M1 and M2 influences plants growth and development either through qualitative and quantitative that finally will influence plantsproduction. The average highest genetic variation at M 2
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Hara, Koji, Edmond I. Eger, Michael J. Laster, and R. Adron Harris. "Nonhalogenated Alkanes Cyclopropane and Butane Affect Neurotransmitter-gated Ion Channel and G-protein–coupled Receptors." Anesthesiology 97, no. 6 (2002): 1512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200212000-00025.

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Background Anesthetic mechanisms of nonhalogenated alkanes cyclopropane and butane are not understood. This study was designed to look at which neurotransmitter receptors are possible targets for these anesthetics. Methods Effects of cyclopropane and butane on eight recombinant receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes were examined electrophysiologically. To address molecular mechanisms of interaction with glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors, cyclopropane was further tested on alpha1(S267C) glycine receptor and alpha2(S270X)beta1 GABA(A) receptors that were mutated to
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Adachi, K., J. Kim, T. Asakura, and E. Schwartz. "Characterization of two types of fetal hemoglobin: alpha 2G gamma 2 and alpha 2A gamma 2." Blood 75, no. 10 (1990): 2070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.10.2070.2070.

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Abstract The effect of differences in G gamma and A gamma fractions of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) on the kinetics of polymerization of HbS-HbF mixtures was studied. We also examined their effect on oxygen affinity, surface hydrophobicity, mechanical stability, and solubility of HbF. Differences in G gamma:A gamma ratio did not affect the polymerization of mixtures of HbF and HbS, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of HbF on the polymerization of HbS is independent of the G gamma:A gamma ratio of HbF and is totally dependent on the fraction of HbF in the mixture. The oxygen equilibrium curve of
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Adachi, K., J. Kim, T. Asakura, and E. Schwartz. "Characterization of two types of fetal hemoglobin: alpha 2G gamma 2 and alpha 2A gamma 2." Blood 75, no. 10 (1990): 2070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.10.2070.bloodjournal75102070.

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The effect of differences in G gamma and A gamma fractions of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) on the kinetics of polymerization of HbS-HbF mixtures was studied. We also examined their effect on oxygen affinity, surface hydrophobicity, mechanical stability, and solubility of HbF. Differences in G gamma:A gamma ratio did not affect the polymerization of mixtures of HbF and HbS, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of HbF on the polymerization of HbS is independent of the G gamma:A gamma ratio of HbF and is totally dependent on the fraction of HbF in the mixture. The oxygen equilibrium curve of HbF was n
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Chalermkitpanit, Pornpan, Atikun Thonnagith, Phatthanaphol Engsusophon, Somrat Charuluxananan, and Sittisak Honsawek. "Noradrenaline, Serotonin, GABA, and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Labor Pain: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study." Pain Research and Management 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2752658.

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Background and Aims. The inhibitory pathways that play a role in spinal modulation include local interneurons and descending control. Clinical data regarding the role of these pathways in acute pain is lacking. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of noradrenaline, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine in parturients with labor pain compared to those without labor pain.Methods. One hundred term uncomplicated pregnant women receiving spinal anesthesia for cesarean section were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. CSF
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33

Ling, L., D. R. Karius, and D. F. Speck. "Pontine-evoked inspiratory inhibitions after antagonism of NMDA, GABAA, or glycine receptor." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 3 (1993): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.3.1265.

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Single-shock stimulation of the pontine respiratory group (PRG) produces a transient short-latency inhibition of inspiratory motor activity. Stimulus trains delivered to the PRG can elicit a premature termination of inspiration. This study examined the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), gamma-aminobutyrateA (GABAA), or glycine receptors in these inhibitory responses. Experiments were conducted in decerebrate, paralyzed, and ventilated cats. Control responses to PRG stimulation were obtained from recordings of the left phrenic nerve activity. After systemic injection of MK-801, bicucul
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34

Kontinen, Vesa K., Louise C. Stanfa, Amlan Basu, and Anthony H. Dickenson. "Electrophysiologic Evidence for Increased Endogenous GABAergic but Not Glycinergic Inhibitory Tone in the Rat Spinal Nerve Ligation Model of Neuropathy." Anesthesiology 94, no. 2 (2001): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200102000-00024.

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Background Changes in the inhibitory activity mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, acting at spinal GABAA receptors and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors, are of interest in the development of neuropathic pain. There is anatomic evidence for changes in these transmitter systems after nerve injuries, and blocking either GABAA or glycine receptors has been shown to produce allodynia-like behavior in awake normal animals. Methods In this study, the possible changes in GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory activity in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain were
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Baig, Mumtaz, and Tausif Shaikh. "Effective Dose of Gamma Irradiation and Ems for Mutagenesis in Soybean (Glycine Max) Variety Phule Kalyani Ds-228." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 21 (2023): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8134296.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For mutagenesis investigation in plants, it is essential to investigate the effective dose for inducing mutation. When the seeds are treated with mutagens, 50 % inhibition in seed germination indicates its effectiveness. The doses of mutagens at which less than 40 % and more than 60 % seed germination occurs, is considered as optimum dose. 50% inhibition in seed germination is observed in combination doses of gamma irradiation 200 Gy and EMS 0.3 % and another great decrease of seed germinatio
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36

Srinivas, G., D.V. Ramanjaneyulu, E. Muralinath, et al. "Specific Parameters of Physiology of Fetal Hemoglobin Include Cellular Level, Development, Patho Physiology and Clinical Significance." Research and Reviews: Neonatal and Pediatric Nursing 3, no. 1 (2025): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14636321.

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<em>Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the dominant form of hemoglobin present in the fetus particularly during gestation. The production of HbF takes place by erythroid precursor cells from 10 to 12 weeks of pregnancy through the first six months of postnatal life. HbF consisats of two alpha and two gamma subunits, while the major form of adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A (HbA), consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. The genes that express gamma chain proteins are observed in the beta chain locus on chromosome 11. The gamma subunit contradicts from its adult counterpart in that it consists of eithe
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37

Dumoulin, A., P. Rostaing, C. Bedet, et al. "Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 6 (1999): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.6.811.

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The characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-47 gene recently allowed the identification of a mammalian (gamma)-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, presumed to be located in the synaptic vesicle membrane. In situ hybridization data in rat brain suggested that it might also take up glycine and thus represent a general Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter (VIAAT). In the present study, we have investigated the localization of VIAAT in neurons by using a polyclonal antibody raised against the hydrophilic N-terminal domain of the protein. Light microscopy and immunocytochemistr
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38

Trombley, P. Q., and G. M. Shepherd. "Differential modulation by zinc and copper of amino acid receptors from rat olfactory bulb neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 4 (1996): 2536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2536.

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1. The olfactory bulb contains high concentrations of zinc and copper. Whole cell recording techniques were used to examine the modulatory actions of zinc and copper on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine receptors on rat olfactory bulb neurons in culture and acutely isolated from adult animals. 2. Zinc and copper were effective antagonists of both NMDA-and GABA-mediated currents. The median inhibiting concentrations (IC50s) for zinc were 19 microM for NMDA receptors and 17 microM for GABA receptors. The IC50s for copper were 22 microM for NMDA receptors an
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39

Nilahayati, D. Saputra, Neni, and Yuliasti. "Mutation induction in soybean (Glycine max L.) M.1.1.3 line through gamma irradiation in the M1 generation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1490, no. 1 (2025): 012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1490/1/012040.

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Abstract Soybeans serve as a crucial source of protein and edible oil on a global scale. Enhancements in production can be achieved through the utilization of superior varieties via breeding mutations. Physical mutagens, particularly gamma irradiation, are frequently employed to increase genetic diversity. This study sought to evaluate the diversity of morpho-agronomic traits exhibited by the M.1.1.3 line following exposure to gamma irradiation. The doses administered included 0 Gray (Gy), 150 Gy, 250 Gy, and 350 Gy. The gamma irradiation was conducted at the Radiation Process Technology Resea
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40

Wu, F. S., T. T. Gibbs, and D. H. Farb. "Inverse modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid- and glycine-induced currents by progesterone." Molecular Pharmacology 37, no. 5 (1990): 597–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0026-895x(25)10996-6.

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Jackson, P. J., C. J. Unkefer, J. A. Doolen, K. Watt, and N. J. Robinson. "Poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycine: its role in cadmium resistance in plant cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 84, no. 19 (1987): 6619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.19.6619.

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42

Nuraeni, Nuraeni, Hernawati Hernawati, Sefrilita Risqi Adikaning Rani, M. Said L, and Ananda Anindia Putri. "PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L.) HASIL RADIASI SINAR GAMMA CESIUM-137." JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 8, no. 3 (2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v8i3.23715.

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The study of the Effect of Cesium-137 Gamma Ray Radiation on the Growth of Soybean Plants (Glycine max L.) aims to determine the quality of growth of soybean plants (Glycine max L.). The Cesium-137 source was used as a source of irradiation in the study, with a constant distance (x) of irradiation of 100 cm from the wall, with dose variations of 0 Control, 25 mGy, 50 mGy, 75 mGy, 100 mGy and 120 mGy. The method used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis. The samples used in this research are soybean seeds from the Langkowa Soybean plantation, Tonasa Village, Tombolopao Subdistri
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43

Iwamoto, J., S. P. Yang, M. Yoshinaga, E. Krasney, and J. Krasney. "N omega-nitro-L-arginine influences cerebral metabolism in awake sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 6 (1992): 2233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2233.

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Experiments were carried out on decerebrate cats to identify transsynaptic mediators of spontaneous postsynaptic inhibition of bulbar inspiratory and postinspiratory neurons. Somatic membrane potentials were recorded through the central micropipette of a coaxial multibarreled electrode. Blockers of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) and glycine receptors were iontophoresed extracellularly from peripheral micropipettes surrounding the central pipette. Effective antagonism was demonstrated by iontophoresis of agonists with antagonists; application of strychnine antagonized the action of gly
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44

Haji, A., R. Takeda, and J. E. Remmers. "Evidence that glycine and GABA mediate postsynaptic inhibition of bulbar respiratory neurons in the cat." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 6 (1992): 2333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2333.

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Experiments were carried out on decerebrate cats to identify transsynaptic mediators of spontaneous postsynaptic inhibition of bulbar inspiratory and postinspiratory neurons. Somatic membrane potentials were recorded through the central micropipette of a coaxial multibarreled electrode. Blockers of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) and glycine receptors were iontophoresed extracellularly from peripheral micropipettes surrounding the central pipette. Effective antagonism was demonstrated by iontophoresis of agonists with antagonists; application of strychnine antagonized the action of gly
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45

Wu, S. H., and J. B. Kelly. "Inhibition in the superior olivary complex: pharmacological evidence from mouse brain slice." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 1 (1995): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.256.

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1. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine and their respective antagonists were determined for neurons in the mouse superior olivary complex. Brain slices (400 microns) were cut in the frontal plane and maintained in an oxygenated saline solution for physiological recording. Recordings were made from neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) or medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) with glass micropipettes filled with 4 M potassium acetate. 2. Ipsilateral and contralateral synaptic responses were elicited by applying current pulses to the trapezoid body through bipol
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46

Zakiyatul Badriyah. "IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN DILIHAT DARI DOSIS YANG DIGUNAKAN." Seminar Nasional Pariwisata dan Kewirausahaan (SNPK) 3 (May 16, 2024): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36441/snpk.vol3.2024.301.

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Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) merupakan komoditas pangan utama penghasil protein nabati sesudah padi dan jagung. Banyaknya manfaat kedelai membuat tingkat permintaan kedelai dipasaran semakin meningkat. Adapun upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai dalam negeri adalah dengan memperbaiki produktivitas tanaman kedelai. Peningkatan produktivitas tanaman kedelai dapat dilakukan dengan banyak cara, salah satunya adalah induksi mutasi menggunakan mutagen fisika. Salah satu mutagen fisika adalah iradiasi sinar gamma. Oleh karenanya kajian ini akan mengkaji mengenai dosis iradiasi sinar gamma yang palin
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Wang, Xin, Zheng-Gui Huang, Olga Dergacheva та ін. "Ketamine Inhibits Inspiratory-evoked γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glycine Neurotransmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons in the Nucleus Ambiguus". Anesthesiology 103, № 2 (2005): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200508000-00019.

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Background Ketamine can be used for perioperative pain management as well as a dissociative anesthetic agent in emergency situations. However, ketamine can induce both cardiovascular and respiratory depression, especially in pediatric patients. Although ketamine has usually been regarded as sympathoexcitatory, recent work has demonstrated that ketamine has important actions on parasympathetic cardiac vagal efferent activity. The current study tests the hypothesis that ketamine, at clinical relevant concentrations, alters central cardiorespiratory interactions in the brainstem and, in particula
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48

Feng, Zhuo, Yan Du, Jingmin Chen, et al. "Comparison and Characterization of Phenotypic and Genomic Mutations Induced by a Carbon-Ion Beam and Gamma-ray Irradiation in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (2023): 8825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108825.

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a nutritious crop that can provide both oil and protein. A variety of mutagenesis methods have been proposed to obtain better soybean germplasm resources. Among the different types of physical mutagens, carbon-ion beams are considered to be highly efficient with high linear energy transfer (LET), and gamma rays have also been widely used for mutation breeding. However, systematic knowledge of the mutagenic effects of these two mutagens during development and on phenotypic and genomic mutations has not yet been elucidated in soybean. To this end, dry seeds of
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ISNAINI, ISNAINI, ASLIM RASYAD, and DIRGA OKTA FIANDA. "KERAGAAN KEDELAI (Glycine max (L) merril) GENERASI M1 VARIETAS ANJASMORO HASIL RADIASI SINAR GAMMA." Jurnal Agroteknologi 11, no. 1 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v11i1.9345.

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The purpose of this research was to find out the diversity of Anjasmoro variety soybean of M1 generation resulted from gamma-ray radiation on its various phenotype characters. A total of 300 seeds were radiated with Isotope and Radiation Technology Application from National Nuclear Power Agency at Pasar Jumat, South Jakarta, then planted in the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty, Riau University. The dosage of irradiation used was 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, and 250 Gy also M0 as an ancestor. The quantitative and qualitative observation was made as such flowering age, harvest age, plant he
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Bachtiar, Taufiq, B. Iswandi Anas, C. Atang Sutandi, and D. Ishak. "PERBAIKAN KUALITAS BAHAN PEMBAWA Rhizobium dan FUNGI PELARUT FOSFAT MELALUI STERILISASI SINAR GAMMA Co-60 DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)." GANENDRA Majalah IPTEK Nuklir 22, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/gnd.2019.22.1.4405.

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ABSTRAKPERBAIKAN KUALITAS BAHAN PEMBAWA RHIZOBIUM dan FUNGI PELARUT FOSFAT MELALUI STERILISASI SINAR GAMMA Co-60 DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI. Varietas unggul kedelai yang dihasilkan dari teknik mutasi radiasi harus didukung oleh teknologi pertanian seperti penggunaan pupuk hayati. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh iradiasi gamma Co-60 terhadap 1) sifat kimia bahan pembawa, 2) viabilitas mikrob dalam bahan pembawa, 3) pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai varietas Mutiara 3. Komposisi bahan pembawa yang diuji meliputi b0= 100% gambut (%w/w), b1= 50% ga
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