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Will, Caroline. ",,In einem Garten vor dem Tore“. : Gärten nördlich und südlich der Alpen in Ludwig Tiecks ,,Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen“ und in ,,Phantasus“." Zeitschrift für Germanistik 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2024): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92175_563.
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Abstract In Ludwig Tiecks Wanderroman Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen (1798) übernehmen verschieden funktionalisierte Gärten eine deutungsleitende Rolle und erhellen so eine bislang vernachlässigte Spielart der ruralen Romantik. Diese Gärten weisen ein je nach Funktion variierendes typisches Inventar auf – wie Blumen, Baumgänge, Obst- und Gemüseanbau, Gartenlauben – und dienen im Roman v. a. als Reflexionsmedium und Wegmarke der je spezifischen Position, die der Protagonist auf seiner Wanderung zwischenzeitlich erreicht hat. Die Rahmenerzählung des Phantasus von Tieck bietet eine theoretisch-diskursive Zuspitzung der Gartenepisoden des Romans. Der italienische Renaissance-Garten wird in beiden Texten über den englischen Landschaftsgarten gestellt, weil der bei aller Fingierung von Natürlichkeit dennoch künstliche englische Garten mit der romantischen Forderung nach einer freien Landschaftserfahrung nicht übereinstimmt.In Ludwig Tieck’s novel Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen (1798), variously functionalised gardens serve important interpretative purposes, thus shedding light on a hitherto neglected variety of rural Romanticism. These gardens have a typical inventory – such as flowers, tree aisles, fruit and vegetable cultivation, or garden arbours – that varies depending on their individual function. In the novel, the garden is a medium for reflection and a marker of the protagonist’s specific position that he has reached on his wanderings. The framework narrative of Tieck’s Phantasus offers a theoretical culmination of the novel’s garden discourse. In both texts, the Italian Renaissance garden is placed above the English landscape garden, as Romanticism favours the experience of the open landscape and criticises the hidden artificiality of the English garden.
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Menakanit, Alisara. "An Analysis of Home Landscaping Styles in Thailand during 2017 – 2021." Asian Creative Architecture, Art and Design 38, no. 1 (May 6, 2025): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.55003/acaad.2025.271696.
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The analysis on home landscaping styles in Thailand during 2017-2021 aimed to add up to the existing knowledge on the evolution of Thai home landscaping styles in different periods, the data of which were analyzed up until 2016, and to understand and the owners’ reasons for selecting these styles. The data were collected from “Baanlaesuan” magazine published during 2017-2021. The gardens were divided into 2 groups: 1) new gardens and 2) renovated gardens. The total number of home gardens found was 88 gardens from 12 provinces, covering the central, northern, northeastern, and eastern regions. There were 41 new gardens (46.59%) and 47 renovated ones (53.40%). Twenty nine garden styles were found. The top 3 most popular styles were 1) tropical garden (18 gardens - 20.45%), 2) English garden (11 gardens – 12.50%), and 3) modern garden (10 gardens – 11.36%). Considering the new and the renovated groups, the top 3 most popular styles of the 41 new gardens were 1) tropical garden, modern garden and French Provence garden at the same number (6 gardens each – 14.63%), 2) English garden (5 gardens – 12.20%), and 3) tropical forest garden and Japanese garden at the same number (3 gardens – 7.32%). The top 3 most popular styles of the 47 renovated gardens were 1) tropical garden (12 garden – 25.53%), 2) English garden (6 gardens – 12.77%), and 3) modern garden (4 gardens – 8.51%). More variety of garden styles, created by the combination of different styles, were found during the study period. Considering the study of home landscaping styles since 1977, it was found that tropical garden has been continuously popular. This is probably because of the green and shady atmosphere which is suitable for Thailand’s hot climate. Over the period of 10 years, during 2012-2021, the top three most popular garden styles were 1) tropical garden, 2) English garden, and 3) modern garden. The top 3 most popular reasons for selecting landscaping styles were 1) preference 47.06%, 2) function 19.33%, and 3) easy maintenance 14.29%.
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Gverdtsiteli, R., та Z. Manvelidze. "НЕИЗВЕСТНАЯ ЖЕМЧУЖИНА СРЕДИ ЯПОНСКИХ САДОВ ЗА РУБЕЖОМ (Японский сад в Батумском ботаническом саду, Грузия)". LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA, № 2 (2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2022-2-46-52.
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This paper aims to bring attention of the Japanese Garden experts to the unknown pearl, real jewelamong Japanese gardens abroad, which was built in the beginning of the 20th century in the Batumi Botanical Garden, Georgia. We assume that this Garden has a significant value for the history of the Japanese gardens abroad, since it might be the oldest one on the territory of Imperial Russia. Japanese gardens, which has millennium-old history of religion and landscaping art, have begun their spread worldwide at the end of 19th – beginning of 20th centuries. The first examples were intended to introduce Japanese culture overseas and were connected to international events or as a part of an active cultural and political exchange between the countries’ governments 1. However, the building of the Japanese Garden at the Batumi Botanical Garden was not dedicated to any big international event. From this prospective, we can conclude that it is somehow unique in few aspects: historical, cultural and even diplomatically. Research question of the paper is: how and why the Japanese garden was built in Batumi? Our research on the Japanese Garden at the Batumi Botanical Garden will be limited due to the lack of materials on the topic. Some questions to be researched will still remain. Nonetheless, this paper is the attempt to summarize and analyze all sources on the topic available in Georgia.
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Wang, Yunda, Qiguan Shu, Ming Chen, Xudounan Chen, Shiro Takeda, and Junhua Zhang. "Selection and Application of Quantitative Indicators of Paths Based on Graph Theory: A Case Study of Traditional Private and Antique Gardens in Beijing." Land 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122304.
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Chinese Traditional Gardens (CTGs) are an important part of China’s cultural inheritance from the past. Today’s China has experienced rapid urbanization, raising the need for a new form of contemporary gardens intended to satisfy peoples’ need for traditional culture. Garden paths are important in CTGs; they are designed to show visitors changing views with each step, and to lead them to secluded, quiet places via winding paths. This enhances the ornamental interest of the gardens. Based on plane graphics, this study evaluates the characteristics of three types of garden paths in fourteen traditional gardens and a contemporary antique garden, the Daguan Garden in Beijing. The analysis uses correlation and factor analysis to integrate 28 quantitative path indicators into five aspects of average, scale, network, wide, and aggregation. The 28 indicators can be expressed by six simple indicators: average connection length, number of path sections, alpha index, average width, average tortuous angle, and concentration degree. The results show small variations of garden paths between traditional gardens, but a considerable difference between the contemporary garden and traditional gardens. The research proposes a framework for the quantification and comparison of garden path features that can be applied before and after garden path construction, for both ancient and modern garden styles. This framework generates garden path feature values and theoretical values of six indicators, and is not constrained by the garden scale. Therefore, it provides an accurate and efficient design tool for garden designers.
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Axtner-Borsutzky, Anna. "Rurale Kulissen. : Zum romantischen Raum in Georg Büchners ,,Leonce und Lena“." Zeitschrift für Germanistik 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2024): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92175_581.
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Abstract Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Gartenszenen in Büchners Lustspiel Leonce und Lena als ruralen Kulissen, die einen poetologischen und dramaturgischen Effekt aufweisen. Sie flankieren die nicht zu ihren Rollen passenden Herrschaftsvorstellungen von Leonce und Lena. Beide Figuren haben ihre ersten Auftritte in Gärten, später begegnen sie sich in einem Garten und formulieren am Ende des Stücks den Wunsch nach einer italienischen Gartenlandschaft als einem alternativen Raum zu ihrem Königreich. Der Garten erscheint konstitutiv für die Figurencharakterisierung und ihre Verbundenheit. Zudem markieren die Gärten als Kulissen die Illusion einer alternativen Herrschaftsform, nachdem die beiden Figuren ihrer ursprünglichen entfliehen wollen, was ihnen jedoch nicht gelingt. Dies wird mit dem Garten als Schwellenraum zwischen Natur und Kultur zum Ausdruck gebracht. Über die Raumsemantik lässt sich Büchners Spiel mit romantischen Konventionen nachweisen.This article deals with the garden scenes in Büchner’s play Leonce and Lena as rural backdrops that have an aesthetic and dramaturgical effect. They flank Leonce’s and Lena’s ideas of reigning that do not fit their roles. At their first appearance, both characters are in a garden, later, they meet in a garden, and at the end of the play formulate their desire for an Italian garden landscape as an alternative space to their kingdom. The garden appears to be constitutive for the characterisation of the figures and their bond. In addition, the gardens as backdrops mark the illusion of an alternative form of rule, after the two characters want to escape their original one but are unable to do so. This is expressed via the garden as a threshold space between nature and culture. Büchner’s play with Romantic conventions can be demonstrated through the semantics of space.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, Pontia Fallahi, and Shahla Mahdavi. "Ancient Urban Gardens of Persia: Concept, History, and Influence on Other World Gardens." HortTechnology 30, no. 1 (February 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04415-19.
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The history of Persian gardens goes back to a few millennia before the emergence of Islam in Iran (Persia). Designs of Persian gardens have influenced and are used extensively in the gardens of Al-Andalus in Spain, Humayun’s Tomb and the Taj Mahal in India, and many gardens in the United States and other countries around the globe. Bagh in the Persian language (Farsi) means garden and the word Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq) is rooted from the words bagh and daad (meaning “the garden of justice”). Pasargadae, the ancient Persian capital city, is the earliest example of Persian garden design known in human civilization as chahar bagh or 4-fold garden design. Bagh-e-Eram, or Garden of Eden or Eram Garden, is one the most attractive Persian gardens and is located in Shiraz, Iran. There are numerous other urban ancient gardens in Iran, including Bagh-e-Shahzadeh (Shazdeh), meaning “The Prince’s Garden” in Mahan, Golestan National Park near the Caspian Sea; Bagh-e-Fin in Kashan; Bagh-e-El-Goli in Tabriz; and Bagh-e-Golshan in Tabas. The design of each Persian garden is influenced by climate, art, beliefs, poetry, literature, and romance of the country and the region where the garden is located. In addition, each garden may have a gene bank of fruits, flowers, herbs, and vegetables. Although countless gardens were destroyed in the hands of invaders throughout the centuries, Persians have attempted either to rebuild or build new gardens generation after generation, each of which has become a favorite destination to tourists from around the world.
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Goto, Seiko, Yuki Morota, Congcong Liu, Minkai Sun, Bertram Emil Shi, and Karl Herrup. "The Mechanism of Relaxation by Viewing a Japanese Garden: A Pilot Study." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 4 (June 5, 2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586720924729.
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Aim: To explore people’s visual attention and psychological and physiological responses to viewing a Japanese garden (an asymmetrically designed garden) and an herb garden (a symmetrically designed garden). Background: There are few studies of eye movements when observing different style gardens, and how they are connected to the interpretation of the space, and physiological and psychological responses. Method: Thirty subjects were recruited and their physiological and psychological responses to viewing the garden types were assessed using a heart-rate monitor and questionnaire. Eye movements while viewing projected slide images of the gardens were tracking using an eye-tracking monitor. Results: A significant decrease in heart rate was observed when subjects were viewing the Japanese garden as opposed to viewing the herb garden. Mood was significantly improved in both gardens, but eye-gaze patterns differed. The Japanese garden elicited far more comments about expectations for the coming season; unlike the herb garden, it also induced memories of viewing other landscapes. Conclusion: The physiological and psychological responses to viewing gardens differs based on the quality of landscape design and the prior experience of viewers.
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Akat, Reyhan, and Birgül Çakıroğlu. "Gardens in the Traditional Houses – A Study on the Garden Elements in the Traditional Houses of Trabzon, Turkey." International Journal of Sciences Volume 6, no. 2017-10 (November 7, 2017): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3350114.
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The purpose of this study is to seek answers, and find solutions, to the following questions: How should the house-garden relationship be reinforced for a healthy and harmonic life? Can some criteria be determined for the design of the gardens? How can outer spaces be created consciously? This study examined the traditional houses and their gardens in Trabzon, the main focus being more on the gardens. Some of the peculiar characteristics of the garden houses were emphasized. The house-garden types were grouped and were shown schematically. Each element (gates, fountains, wells + fountains, wells, fireplaces) in gardens was explained in terms of house-garden relationship. The types of garden houses have been also studied from the point of view of the plants. To this end, this study investigates the garden-house and garden designs in traditional Trabzon houses that have come down to our present day, and presents data for the new present-day garden-house and garden designs to be made.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V62017081385 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1385
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Wang, Tongxin. "History of Chinese Classical Gardens." International Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v4i3.1814.
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From the beginning of Shang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty the development of Chinese classical landscape gardens went through five periods: the formation period of Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, the transition period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the heyday of Tang Dynasty, the maturity period of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the middle and end of Qing Dynasty. Five thousand years of glorious Chinese culture makes Chinese classical gardens different from Western gardens and Islamic gardens. The unique garden system and style give rise to the unique and profound Chinese classical garden system in world history. Based on the history of Chinese classical gardens, the paper focuses on the historical background of the development of the Song garden, the characteristics of typical gardens and literati gardens in the two Song dynasties, in order to understand the development process of the Song garden more deeply. Under the condition of learning and understanding, the method and concept characteristics of classical garden design in Song Dynasty are inherited and applied to modern garden planning and design.
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Ivashko, Yuliia, and Peng Chang. "Modern trends in landscape design: the return to Eastern traditions?" Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 32 (2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.20.022.12886.
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This paper discusses the analysis of modern landscaping trends. Today’s challenges and environmental issues that reduce landscaping area in large cities force us to search for new landscaping trends. Amid global environmental problems, the popularity of green areas attached to private homes is increasing. Despite avant-garde trends, there is a growing interest in traditional oriental gardens, both Chinese and Japanese, based on the principles of harmony between human and nature. At the same time, the arrangement of modern Chinese-style private gardens in Ukraine and other Post-Soviet territories, without a deep understanding of fundamental methods, including ‘one lake, three mountains’, ‘garden in a garden’, ‘mountains–water’, sets such gardens apart from true Chinese design. By comparing the historical Chinese pavilions and modern Chinese-style arbours, their non-conformity has been proven, and it recommended to arrange modern Chinese-style gardens based on the use of time-honoured traditions.
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Zhang, Chengzhi, Zefei Lv, Zhaozheng Liu, and Yingkun Sun. "A Case Study Based on Space Syntax Theory: West Shu Garden of Qingxi, Dujiangyan Scenic Area." Sustainability 16, no. 21 (October 31, 2024): 9459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16219459.
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Xishu Gardens embodies the essence of traditional Chinese landscape design, boasting unique cultural heritage and local charm. However, research on it is often limited to the aesthetic aspects of gardens, lacking the scientific analysis of garden spaces. This paper explores Xishu Gardens through the lens of space syntax, a method commonly used for analyzing architectural features. The focus is Qingxi Garden, located within the Dujiangyan Scenic Area. It is one of the representative gardens of Xishu Gardens. Based on field investigation and spatial mapping, Qingxi Garden was digitally reconstructed for the first time followed by a detailed analysis in open-source software DepthmapX 0.8.0. This analysis involved a meticulous examination of the garden’s pathways and spatial elements, integrating on-site measurements and survey data to ensure precision. By conducting a quantitative analysis of the spatial structure of Qingxi Garden, the results indicate that areas with low visible depth, as well as high road connectivity and integration, are more accessible to visitors. This accessibility serves as the central spatial node within Qingxi Garden, where a collection of bonsai is prominently exhibited. The interplay between spatial features in the landscape and architectural spaces can significantly influence tourist activities. The landscape architecture of the garden features the distinctive ventilated lattice design characteristic of West Shu gardens, providing visitors with a comfortable spatial experience. The design of Qingxi Garden not only inherits the natural design principles of West Shu gardens but also scientifically integrates the spatial layout of bonsai exhibitions. The design of Qingxi Garden draws upon the traditional garden-making techniques of the Xishu region while also respecting the natural topography of the site. It incorporates local cultural elements, such as bonsai, into its framework. The arrangement of the bonsai exhibition is executed in a scientific and rational manner. Qingxi Garden aims to achieve a harmonious integration of natural beauty and cultural aesthetics in its design, resulting in a garden landscape that is both visually appealing and rich in cultural significance. The design principles and methodologies employed offer a novel perspective for contemporary garden design.
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Xiao, Fangling. "Analyzing the Gardening Art of Yanshan Garden with Yuanye (The Craft of Gardens)." Scientific and Social Research 6, no. 3 (March 29, 2024): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i3.6478.
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The first systematic theoretical work on gardening in Chinese history, The Craft of Gardens (Yuanye) by Ji Cheng, the famous literary gardener of the Ming Dynasty, is an invaluable reference for garden design in succeeding generations. The majority of research on Lingnan classical gardens is focused on Guangdong. The Yanshan Garden in Guilin, which is considered to be the first garden in Lingnan, is a prime example of late Qing Dynasty Lingnan gardens, perfectly combining Guilin landscape design with Lingnan garden architecture. Consequently, it is crucial to examine Yanshan Garden’s gardening features and incorporate its superb gardening techniques into modern garden landscape designs.
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Davis, Michael Maks, Andrea Lorena Vallejo Espinosa, and Francisco Rene Ramirez. "Beyond green façades: active air-cooling vertical gardens." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 8, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-05-2018-0026.
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Purpose Vertical gardens offer multiple benefits in urban environments, including passive cooling services. Previous research explored the use of “active vertical gardens” as potential evaporative air-cooling units by developing a mathematical model based on the FAO-56 Penman Monteith equation. Further research showed that active vertical gardens function best by creating an airflow in the cavity behind the garden such that air is cooled by flowing over the water-saturated garden substrate. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quantification of active vertical garden performance. Design/methodology/approach A building-incorporated vertical garden was built in Quito, Ecuador, with an air inlet at the top of the garden, an air cavity behind the garden and where air was expelled from the base. Measurements were made of air temperature, humidity and velocity at the air inlet and outlet. Findings The active vertical garden cooled the air by an average of 8.1 °C with an average cooling capacity of 682.8 W. Including the effects of pre-cooling at the garden inlet, the garden cooled the air by an average of 14.3 °C with an average cooling capacity of 1,203.2 W. Originality/value The results are promising and support the potential for active vertical gardens to be incorporated into building services and climate control.
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Mohammadi, Hanieh, and Nima Valibeig. "THE ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS GEOMETRY POSITION IN THE IRANIAN GARDEN STRUCTURE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 42, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2018.6138.
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Iranian garden has been known as a specific architecture in the whole world. Among all its special features, the geometrical structure of Iranian garden has always attracted the attention of architects and researchers. Nowadays, despite numerous studies on the Iranian gardens, the lack of geometrical studies and the extension of some old concepts have led to recognize the Iranian gardens based on a unique pattern in terms of geometry. This pattern has been known as an archetype and typifies the Iranian Garden Geometry as a quarter pattern. That it could not be a true hypothesis, because the impact of garden components on its structure has been neglected. Investigating geometric position of garden elements and their relationship with the general form of garden would provide more accurate theoretical basis for Iranian garden design. In addition, this approach could help experts to retrieve the ruined part of historical gardens. So far, extensive garden studies have been carried out more on the symbolic concepts, components introduction and typology according to times and locations. This article is the first attempt to study each common element’s geometry to realize how the spatial structures could be effective in the garden formation. This paper aims to recognize the architectural geometric logic of gardens based on library studies and field recordings.
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Wang, Zhongwei, Ruyue Zheng, Jian Tang, Shaobin Wang, and Xubo He. "The Aesthetic Imagery of Traditional Garden Door and Window Forms: A Case Study of the Four Major Traditional Gardens of Lingnan." Buildings 15, no. 4 (February 7, 2025): 513. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15040513.
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Traditional Lingnan gardens, one of the three major types of Chinese garden design, have evolved over nearly a millennium, embodying the distinctive craftsmanship and aesthetic sensibilities of the Lingnan region. The architectural elements of doors and windows in these gardens serve as key expressions of regional cultural identity. This study focuses on four renowned Lingnan gardens (e.g., Yuyin Garden in Guangzhou, Liang Garden in Foshan, Qinghui Garden in Shunde, and Ke Garden in Dongguan) as primary case studies to examine the typologies, decorative characteristics, and aesthetic qualities of their doors and windows. Based on aesthetic imagery, the research elucidates both the functional and structural principles governing these designs, while also exploring their aesthetic resonance with traditional Chinese arts, such as calligraphy, painting, and poetry. By deepening the theoretical understanding of the formal and artistic features of Lingnan garden doors and windows, this study contributes to advancing the scholarly discourse on traditional garden architecture and supports the ongoing cultural preservation of this important heritage.
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Pethybridge, Sarah J., Mark E. Nelson, Kenneth C. Eastwell, Robert E. Klein, Stephen T. Kenny, and Calum R. Wilson. "Incidence and Spatial Distribution of Viruses in Hop Gardens of Washington State." Plant Disease 86, no. 6 (June 2002): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.6.661.
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The incidences of Hop latent virus (HpLV), Hop mosaic virus (HpMV), and American hop latent virus (AHLV), members of the genus Carlavirus, and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Apple mosaic virus, members of the genus Ilarvirus, were assessed for two hop cultivars, Horizon and Nugget, in Washington State. The spatial distribution of plants infected by the carlaviruses was assessed in two Horizon gardens in 2000 and one Nugget garden in 1993, 1994, and 1995. In the first Horizon garden (garden 1) and the Nugget garden, plants were separated by 2.1 m within and between rows. In these gardens, cultivation and the wide plant spacing discouraged contact between plants in either direction. In the second Horizon garden (garden 2), plants were separated by 4.3 m between rows and 1.0 m within rows. In all gardens, mechanical operations operated predominantly along rows; however, the closer plant spacing within rows in garden 2 permitted contact between adjacent plants within rows. In both Horizon gardens, the distribution of plants infected with HpMV was aggregated within rows. However, the distribution of plants infected with HpLV and AHLV was strongly influenced by contact between plants. In the Nugget garden, the distribution of plants infected by all three carlaviruses was autocorrelated within rows by 1995.
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Kong, Lingxuan. "Methods of Organizing Water Features in Classical Chinese Gardens--Yuyuan Garden Model." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 13, no. 1 (March 26, 2025): 499. https://doi.org/10.56028/aetr.13.1.499.2025.
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Taking the Yuyuan Garden, a famous private garden in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing dynasties, as an example, this paper discusses the organization of water features in classical Chinese gardens and their evolution in different historical stages. Through a detailed analysis of the changes in the water system of Yuyuan Garden, it reveals the methods of water feature organization in Yuyuan Garden in different periods and the profound cultural significance behind it. The changes in the water system of the Yuyuan Garden not only reflect the historical epitome of the garden in a certain period, but also the demonstration of the design concepts of classical Chinese gardens in practical application, which provides valuable insights and references for contemporary garden design.
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Mulyadi, Budi. "Perbandingan Taman Jepang Dan Taman Jawa." KIRYOKU 3, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i1.8-16.
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(Title: Comparison Of Japanese Garden And Java Garden). The purpose of this paper is to find out the similarities and differences between Japanese garden and Java garden This research is research model that use literary review research model to collect the data. The paper shows that there are the similarities and differences between Japanese garden and Java garden. Seen from the concept Japanese Gardens do not recognize straight or symmetrical lines. Japanese gardens are deliberately designed asymmetric so that none of the elements become dominant while the Java garden concept is more concerned with beauty by planting many types of flowers that contain elements of philosophy seen from its elements, Japanese garden has 7 elements, namely water, stone, plants, water containers, bridges, sand and lanterns while the Java park has water elements, plants, buildings and organisms
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Hage, Ingebjørg. "Renessansehagen – utforming og hagekunstneriske motiver." Nordlit 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.1803.
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The focus of this article is the gardens of the Italian Renaissance, their main motifs of garden art and how these motifs spread through Europe during the centuries. Motifs from the garden art of Firenze and Rome in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries were established in France, England and the German speaking countries during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and in Norway during the seventeenth. These gardens started among the Italian aristocracy, but as the gardens and garden motifs went north they were also adopted by the less well to do classes. Still during the twentieth century small parterre gardens with the same lay-out as in the Italian Renaissance could be found in small scale farm gardens in marginal parts of Europe - for example in Norway, Germany and Switzerland. Single garden motifs survived during the centuries, and they were performed in local materials, but the garden concept from the Italian Renaissance had disappeared.
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Han, Hae-Young, Eui-Je Lim та Jae-Hyun Rho. "Formative Characteristics of the Soudang (素宇堂) Historic House <italic>Byeoldang</italic> Garden in Uiseong". Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 25, № 1 (28 лютого 2022): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.1.49.
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Background and objective This study aimed to estimate the creation period and creators of Soudang historic house Byeoldang (Annexe) Garden (素宇堂古宅 別堂庭園, Unification as ‘SB Garden’ from now on) located in Uiseong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do through a literature research and field survey, and establish the construction style and value of the garden through research and analysis of its spatial and visual characteristics and garden design. The findings are as follows. Methods The research method was a combination of literature study, field survey, and comparative review. The architectural history of SB Garden were analyzed through a literature survey, and the spatial configuration of Soudanggotaek and the visual and planting design characteristics of SB Garden were derived through field survey. Also the form and style of SB Garden were identified through comparative studies between Japanese garden style cases, and Japanese gardens created in Korea during the late Joseon and Japanese colonial period. Results It is estimated that SB Garden was built between 1890 and 1920, during the late Joseon Dynasty and the early days of Japanese colonial rule, by Lee Jang-seop (1854–1907) and Lee Hong (1887–1972). Comprehensively considering the form of its small hills, the shape of the pond and the introduction of yarimizu, the presentation of oddly-shaped stones and stone structures (stone settings), the introduction of stone bridges and stone lanterns, the strolling route and stepping stones, and the tree species introduced and their planting methods, the hills of SB Garden are different in form and technique from seokgasan created in Korean traditional gardens. Through the hills, the intention of making a garden is detected, with the motif of “garden of cranes and turtles.” Conclusion The foundation from which SB Garden can be considered a Korean traditional garden is very weak, and this garden is evaluated as a modern garden completed by introducing a Japanese garden style in modern times. Specifically, SB Garden is considered to be a stroll-style garden that enables users to appreciate it by connecting the three gardens with stepping stones and stone bridges, including the garden of cranes and turtles (a sort of pond garden), the tea garden centered on the Byeoldang (Annexe), and the stone garden.
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Lu, Bingying. "Exploring Strategies and Approaches for the Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Landscape Garden Culture." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/2nbzdk13.
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With the development and changes in social background, usage demands, technological levels, and aesthetic preferences, the inheritance of China's classical landscape garden culture is inevitable. Currently, research on the inheritance and practice of Chinese landscape gardens often starts from the traditional gardening techniques, describing and summarizing their characteristics. This paper explores the cultural connotations of Chinese landscape garden, combining them with the current era's background, to investigate the inheritance strategies and pathways of Chinese landscape gardens. It aims to enrich the theoretical content of the inheritance and innovation of Chinese garden art, adhering to the path of garden construction with Chinese characteristics. The goal is to provide references and guidance for promoting the inheritance of traditional Chinese garden culture and the construction of modern gardens.
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Salwa, Mateusz. "Estetyka, etyka i logika ogrodu. Filozofia Rosaria Assunta." Artium Quaestiones, no. 26 (September 19, 2018): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2015.26.5.
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The essay offers a philosophical interpretation of the concept of the garden accordingto the contemporary Italian aesthetician Rosario Assunto (1915–1994). Assuntosystematically developed a philosophical theory focused on the question of theidentity of the garden. He was interested in the “idea of the Garden” which, in hisopinion, determined historical gardens both at the ontological and epistemologicallevel. He defined the garden in terms of a happy connection of man and nature, basedon the aesthetic contemplation of beauty, characteristic of all the gardens regardlessof historical differences among them. According to Assunto, gardens are places whichcombine together aesthetics, ethics, and logic. This combination determines theunique identity of the garden which takes various forms, depending on the individualpoetics of their makers, socio-historical realities, taste, and the correspondent ideas ofnature. Assunto’s starting points are thus historical versions of the garden, descriptiveliterature, and German philosophy of the turn of the 19th century. For the Italianphilosopher, gardens have not only historical and artistic, but also ecological aspects,so that they should be protected and restored. Assunto’s theory is a unique proposalwhich anticipates today’s reflection on the topic of gardens, but seems much moresatisfactory than many contemporary approaches (A. Berleant, M. Miller, S. Ross).
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Knott, David. "Botanic Garden Profile: Dawyck Botanic Garden." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 5 (October 31, 2007): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2007.3.
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Dawyck became the third Regional Garden and part of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1978. Today the garden extends to some 25 hectares (60 acres) (See Map, Fig. 1) and is the woodland garden of what was once a considerably larger designed landscape centered on Dawyck House, which is currently a private residence. The garden today has some of the oldest plants in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh’s living collection including an Abies alba, planted in 1690, and several Larix decidua, planted in 1725. It has recorded perhaps the greatest extremes of temperature, –19.8 °C in December 1995 and 29.9 °C in August 2006, of any of the four gardens.
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He, Qi. "An analysis of the art of gardening in Dongguan's Ke Garden and its inspiration." Highlights in Art and Design 1, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v1i3.2961.
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Dongguan gives many people the impression that it is a manufacturing kingdom with factories all over the city. In fact, Dongguan is not a cultural desert in the eyes of many people; it is also an ancient city with a deep literary and artistic heritage and accumulation. Especially in the heart of the city lies a small but exquisitely designed garden of the Qing Dynasty, the Ke Garden. It can be described as a unique artisanal and Auxiliary side. The four famous gardens of Guangdong (Qinghui Garden in Shunde, Liang Yuan in Foshan, Ke Yuan in Dongguan and Yu Yin Shan Fang in Panyu) are representative of the gardens of the Lingnan region. Although it is a Lingnan garden, it has all the commonalities of a Chinese garden, with its corridors and windows, rockery and fish ponds, and its twists and turns. Therefore, the author has chosen to cut through Dongguan's Ke Garden to see the big picture in a small way. In turn, the characteristics of Lingnan gardens and their inspiration for modern gardens are analysed.
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Yuhan Ye. "Guyi Garden in Historical Transition: The Interpenetration and Transformation of Classical Gardens and Public Parks." Frontiers in Interdisciplinary Applied Science 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2025): 173–83. https://doi.org/10.71465/fias243.
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Guyi Garden, located in Nanxiang Ancient Town in Jiading District, Shanghai, is one of the five major classical gardens in the city. Following the opening of Shanghai to foreign trade, local gardens underwent significant transformations under the influence of commerce and cultural exchange. This paper traces the evolution of Guyi Garden, interpreting the sociocultural context behind its renaming over time, and examines the conceptual shift from “classical garden” to “public park” as a reflection of broader societal changes. Through an analysis of this specific Jiangnan classical garden, the study aims to reveal the underlying mechanisms that led to the transformation of classical gardens in modern Shanghai. Based on historical and social developments, the transformation of Guyi Garden is divided into four major phases: the stable development period of a private garden in the Ming Dynasty; a rapid transformation during the commercial boom and temple-centered expansion; the incursion of public park culture following Shanghai’s opening; and the expansion into a public tourist attraction after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Furthermore, the paper explores changes in garden aesthetics and the interplay between Chinese and Western garden cultures, offering insights for the preservation and transmission of classical garden heritage in contemporary times.
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Verkade, Stephehs D., and Arlene Marturano. "Conception and Development of the Carolina Children's Garden." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 593f—594. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.593f.
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The Clemson University Sandhill Research and Education Center is one of four branch stations of the South Carolina Agriculture and Forestry Research System, with a mission to conduct research and extension education programs in urban ecology. The Carolina Children's Garden has been created in partnership with other state agencies, funding sources, and volunteers as a site for environmental education. Learning from gardens and landscapes has steadily decreased since the late 1940s and today the average child spends 6 hours at indoor pursuits at school, an equal number at the television or computer screen at home, leaving little time for outdoor exploration. Recently, children's gardens have been established around the county as resources to reconnect children with their environment. The 2-acre Carolina Children's Garden is an interpretive framework for visitors to experience gardening as a tool for bringing families in touch with nature, each other, and local environmental issues. A volunteer team designed and installed eight theme gardens, an entertainment stage, and picnic area as the first phase of this garden. Themes include Mesozoic Memories Dinosaur Garden, Three Bears Garden, Growing Healthy Garden, Butterfly Garden, McGregor's Garden, and Alphabet Garden. The development of the garden has generated community interest and positive media exposure, inspires lifelong appreciation of the natural environment, encourages replication of ideas, and facilitates family recreation in a learning environment.
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Myszka, Izabela, and Katarzyna Augustyniak. "THE ROAD AS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE CONTENT OF THE SHOW GARDEN." Space&FORM 2020, no. 46 (June 24, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.46.c-03.
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In this article, we focus on the subject of the show garden and place for path in the garden, in particular its forms and functions in space and meaning. The form and function of path was examined on the basis of selected, representative examples of historical gardens and contemporary show gardens of the festival in Chaumont-sur-Loire. The results showed that a path is the leading element of every garden, and its form has a decisive influence on the composition of the entire space and allows you to note content. Based on the research results, road system diagrams in historical gardens were developed and model concepts for show gardens inspired by the history of gardens were developed. The currently very touching topic of Quarantine has become the leitmotif of the garden content.
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Chapman-Rietschi, Anne. "Cosmic Gardens." Culture and Cosmos 08, no. 0102 (October 2004): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0213.
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The article presents different gardens featuring cosmic principles or motifs. Among the examples: the first garden mentioned by the Sumerians; the Biblical Garden of Eden; the astral-related gardens of the Ancient Egyptians; Plato’s garden in Athens; and Tycho Brahe’s ‘Uraniborg on Hven’. The motifs usually focus on planetary spheres and star-shaped designs. Allegorically, these, as well as other thematic astral elements of gardens, enabled the elite to ponder astral and religioud mysteries.
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Emmerik, Joost. "Queer Gardens." CrossCurrents 73, no. 4 (December 2023): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cro.2023.a923589.
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Abstract: This essay explores the author's own identity in relation with his grandmother's garden, as well as the garden plans of several key garden designers. Gardens provide a safe, queer space, set apart from the normative gardens with their straight rows and meticulously controlled land. Queer gardens are about finding a way to relate to the world, a place on earth that means something to their creators, and their visitors, safe spaces in which to behave differently. They're quirky, willful, playful, expressions of the characters of their creators and gardeners. They stretch the idea of what a garden can or should be and in doing this, they inspire other designers.
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Andayani ; Yuswadi Saliya, Firda Rasyidian. "SPATIAL PRINCIPLES AND ORNAMENTATION ON WATER GARDEN RELICS OF KESULTANAN CIREBON CASE STUDY: WITANA WATER GARDEN, PAKUNGWATI WATER GARDEN, AND SUNYARAGI WATER GARDEN." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 04 (October 5, 2019): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i04.3520.363-380.
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Abstract- Water garden is an exterior space of which the main element is water. There is some water garden can be found as a relics of Kesultanan Cirebon. The water gardens in Kesultanan Cirebon are Witana Water Garden, Pakungwati Water Garden, and Sunyaragi Water Garden. Since the era of the Hindusm in Java is already familiar with the concept of a water garden as a sacred bathing place called Petirtaan. But unlike the Hindusm petirtaan, water garden relics of Kesultanan Cirebon has a uniqueness because it is influenced by local and foreign cultures, that can be seen from the concept of spatial principles and ornamentation in water garden. This study aims to conceive the form of macro spatial principles, micro spatial principles, and ornamentation of each water garden. The macro spatial principles include the cosmology of water gardens. The micro spatial principles include petirtaan shapes. This study also examines the cultural factors that affect each water garden and the relationships of those three water gardens. This research is hopefully may provide insightful development of knowledge especially related to petirtaan. The analytical method that used in this research is using qualitative approach with descriptiveanalytical based on primary and secondary data. Primary data includes direct observation of the object and secondary data includes literature studies on architecture landsape. Ancient water garden located in Cirebon has similarity with the Hindu pentirtaan which serves as a sacred ritual place with uniqueness combined with Islamic water garden of Middle East that serves as a place of recreation. It is also can be seen that there is influence from the Chinese culture on Wadasan ornamentation in each water garden. Therefore, Water garden Cirebon has its own uniqueness because of the acculturation of various existing cultures (Hindusm, Islam, dan Chinese). This shows Cirebon is considered a city that is not closed from outside cultural influences. Key Words: Water Garden relics of Kesultanan Cirebon, spatial principles and ornamentation, petirtaan
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Biswas, Pijush Kanti, N. S. Teotia, and Minonti Pait. "Studies on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Different Type of Khasi Mandarin (Citrus Reticulata L.Blanco) Orange Gardens at Lower Dibang Valley District of Arunachal Pradesh." Asian Journal of Science and Applied Technology 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2012): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajsat-2012.1.1.672.
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The study was undertaken to know the present status of the Khasi mandarin orange gardens of Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh. A baseline survey was done prior to the investigation and likewise twenty four gardens were selected randomly from the region and grouped into three gardens viz. small, medium and large garden. Observations were taken on yield and yield attributing characters of the gardens. It has been observed that among the different types of garden small garden recorded highest in terms of yield and yield attributing characters of the plant.
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Hobbs, Jack, and Rebecca Stanley. "Garden Profile: Auckland Botanic Gardens." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 12 (October 29, 2014): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2014.20.
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Auckland Botanic Gardens is a relatively young botanic garden that opened in 1982 and covers 64 hectares in Manurewa, South Auckland. The plant collections include both exotic and New Zealand (NZ) native plants. The native plant collections are described and illustrated. The use of native plants for environmental and ecological enhancement is also explained.
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Polomski*, Robert F., Carri Carver Wallace, Mary Taylor Haque, Lisa K. Wagner, James E. Arnold, Amy D. Craddock, Christian Maloney Cicimurri, and Lisa D. Chancellor. "Designing a Children's Garden for Experiential Learning in the South Carolina Botanical Garden." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 810E—811. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.810e.
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An interdisciplinary team of Clemson Univ. faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students partnered with the South Carolina Botanical Garden staff and children from the “Sprouting Wings” after-school garden program to plan and design a 2.5-acre Children's Garden. Imaginative and educational, the plans call for a series of outdoor theme gardens. Proposals for 13 theme gardens include a “Dinosaur Dig”, a “Food for Thought Garden”, a “Hide-and-Seek Garden”, a “Terraced Sitting Garden”, an “Ethnobotany Garden”, a “Wonders of Water Garden”, a “Learning from Nature Outdoor Classroom”, a “Carolina Fence Garden”, a “Cottage Garden”, a “Bold View Butterfly Garden”, a “Woodland Wonderland”, a “Playful Plaza Garden,” and an “Arbored Entrance and Exit Garden.” Project methodology included research, case studies, site analysis, program development, preliminary plans, master plan, and individual garden designs with plan views, elevation drawings, detail drawings, and plant lists. Using an experiential learning pedagogy, a design class of 15 students contributed an estimated 2,000 hours of work while learning about landscape design. Results included 30 drawing boards depicting research, analysis, and design proposals, which were presented to the South Carolina Botanical Garden Staff for approval in Fall 2003. Note: This material is based upon work supported by the cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2002-38411-122122. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
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Qisthina, Nafidzah, Kaswanto Kaswanto, and Hadi Susilo Arifin. "Manajemen Pekarangan Ramah Lebah Tanpa Sengat sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Jasa Lanskap Perkotaan." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 28, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.28.1.46.
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The concept of "Stingless Bee-Friendly Local Home Garden" can be an alternative for urban landscape conservation through home gardens, especially in Depok City, which has a rapid flow of development. For this reason, a management strategy is needed as part of an effort to improve the landscape services of Depok City. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of home gardens and the potential for developing stingless bee-friendly home gardens to support the optimization of urban landscape services. The research was conducted using a field survey on sample of home gardens selected through purposive sampling methods, interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies. Based on the conditions of climate, weather, ecology, 90 samples of home gardens and respondents, Depok City has the potential to develop the concept of a honey bee-friendly home garden. These conditions can support the activity of stingless bees and provide a source of available food throughout the year. The concept of a stingless bee-friendly home garden can be achieved by presenting a diversity of food plant sources, providing bee hives, and proper home garden management. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct socialization and training on stingless-bee keeping in the yard starting from farmers group, making an example of a honey bee-friendly home garden, and increasing green space connections in the city
 
 Keywords: home garden management, landscape services, stingless bee-friendly home garden, urban landscape
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Yan, Aibin, and Dinghan Zheng. "Restoration and integration of the Huang Family Garden within the contemporary urban fabric of Shanghai." Urban Resilience and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (2024): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/urs.2024003.
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<abstract> <p>In the backdrop of Shanghai's century-long urbanization and modernization, traditional private gardens have undergone a profound transformation influenced by Western lifestyles, concepts, and garden characteristics. This transformation, marked by an East-meets-West fusion, deviates from the conventions of traditional gardens. In this study, we delved into the historical evolution of these private gardens into urban parks against the canvas of evolving urban life and point out that the construction of the city-park interaction mechanism hinges on how to consolidate transformation motives and empower urban space. Focusing on the case study of the Huang Family Garden owned by the Qing Gang tycoon Gold Wing and employing a spatial culture research perspective, we illuminated how the metamorphosis of a private garden into an urban park catalyzed the development of an urban area and scrutinized the spatial transformation of the Huang Family Garden amid Shanghai's urban modernization. Furthermore, our results revealed the inherent public nature of the Huang Family Garden's evolving garden space, along with the continuous manifestation and strengthening of this characteristic through successive urban renovations. The results emphasized the role of gardens in urban resilience and sustainability, highlighting the contribution of garden spaces as public domains. The features exhibited during the transformation of private gardens into urban parks create conditions for enhancing urban resilience, while providing insights into the significance of understanding garden traits in the evolution of cities.</p> </abstract>
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Sadikova, Sitora. "GIS mapping and visualizing historical data of the Bagi Buldi, Bagi Dilkusho, Bagi Davlet Abad gardens of Amir Temur." E3S Web of Conferences 590 (2024): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459005003.
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The paper is devoted to the geoinformation analysis, processing and visualization of historical data on the gardens of Amir Timur - "Bagi Dilkusho" (translation "Garden that Captivates the Heart"), the garden "Bagi Buldi" ("Garden of Consciousness") and the garden "Bagi Davlet Abad" ("Garden - the Abode of Power"). These were luxurious country gardens with palaces, built in favourable natural and geographical locations of Samarkand along the military and strategic routes of Amir Timur’s campaigns specially for the purpose of his recreation and restoration Using GIS tools, the location of 15 Temurid gardens of the 14th-16th centuries were found. At their historical site, measurements were taken with a Leica TS-02 Plus tacheometer. Thus, the use of GIS tools, the creation of an interactive map of the Timurid gardens of Samarkand, and the compilation of tacheometric and topographic surveys opened up a wide range of data for a more accurate reproduction of the design of these Timurid gardens. As a result, three-dimensional visualizations of the Bagi Dilkusho, Bagi Buldi, and Bagi Davlet-Abad gardens were performed in 3 DS Max programs, and three 3D films were created in the Lumion program.
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Umroni, A., H. Rianawati, D. Pamungkas, E. Pujiono, and Sumardi. "Field performance of one-year-old medicinal plant: Screw tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) from stem cuttings in the tropical savanna region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1133, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012059.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the field performance of the medicinal plant Screw tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) Family Malvaceae in two home garden environments. The screw tree has been commercialized for the production of Jamu, an Indonesian traditional medicine. On Timor Island, however, this species has not yet been cultivated and is considered a weed. Using the t-student test, we compared and described the growth performance of a vegetatively propagated screw tree in two environments. According to field plantation, screw tree grows well in both home gardens, with a survival rate of 97% and 99% for home garden 1 and 2, respectively. For home garden1 and 2, the Increment growth diameter was 0.1 mm month−1 and 0.2 mm month−1, respectively, and increment height was 1.22 cm month−1 and 0.95 cm month−1. For home garden 1 and 2, the average diameter was 0.4 cm; 0.5 cm (P>0.05, ns) and height was 58 cm; 48 cm (P<0.05). There is no significant difference in diameter, but there is a significant difference in height between home garden 1 and 2. In home garden 1, 26% of the plants have begun to flower, compared to 13% in home garden 2. Farmers may benefit from vegetative propagation due to faster flowering and fruiting. Furthermore, the screw tree is most likely appropriate for agroforestry tree/shrub components.
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Hoel, Heidi L. "Developing a Usage Plan for a University Teaching Garden." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 910G—911. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.910g.
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The Allen Centennial Gardens are located at the Univ. of Wisconsin–Madison on the grounds of the National Historical site, the house of the first four deans of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. The 2.5-acre garden, developed and managed primarily by the Dept. of Horticulture, replaced the old teaching and display garden space taken over in building additions. Within the past 10 years the grounds have been designed and transformed into a garden, with 26 individual collection gardens, including: turf, fruit and vegetable gardens, classic ornamental gardens (with both herbaceous and woody perennials), and a rock alpine garden. As it receives its finishing touches, an education plan is being developed to complement the education purpose of the garden; the goal of the garden is to become an active site for learning through both observation and interaction with the garden collections. The two main themes of the learning experience are: 1) the biology of the diverse and unique plant collections (including: culture, practices, and production), and 2) the aesthetics of the garden (the organization of space, form, topography, and color). Implementation of education programs will occur on the following four levels: first the university (first the horticulture department, second other departments and university functions); second, area high schools groups; third, community and professional groups; and fourth, elementary school groups. The education programs will include mapping, internships, classes, meetings, volunteerism, and tours. The Allen Centennial Gardens, with its education mission, has already and will continue to be a meeting grounds for the university community, and a meetings ground for both the professional community and Madison-area community.
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Hoel, Heidi L. "Developing a Usage Plan for a University Teaching Garden." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 910G—911. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.910.
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The Allen Centennial Gardens are located at the Univ. of Wisconsin–Madison on the grounds of the National Historical site, the house of the first four deans of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. The 2.5-acre garden, developed and managed primarily by the Dept. of Horticulture, replaced the old teaching and display garden space taken over in building additions. Within the past 10 years the grounds have been designed and transformed into a garden, with 26 individual collection gardens, including: turf, fruit and vegetable gardens, classic ornamental gardens (with both herbaceous and woody perennials), and a rock alpine garden. As it receives its finishing touches, an education plan is being developed to complement the education purpose of the garden; the goal of the garden is to become an active site for learning through both observation and interaction with the garden collections. The two main themes of the learning experience are: 1) the biology of the diverse and unique plant collections (including: culture, practices, and production), and 2) the aesthetics of the garden (the organization of space, form, topography, and color). Implementation of education programs will occur on the following four levels: first the university (first the horticulture department, second other departments and university functions); second, area high schools groups; third, community and professional groups; and fourth, elementary school groups. The education programs will include mapping, internships, classes, meetings, volunteerism, and tours. The Allen Centennial Gardens, with its education mission, has already and will continue to be a meeting grounds for the university community, and a meetings ground for both the professional community and Madison-area community.
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Upson, Tim, and Peter Kerley. "The Winter Garden at Cambridge University Botanic Garden." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 5 (October 31, 2007): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2007.15.
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The history of the Winter Gardens at Cambridge University Botanic Garden is described with particular reference to the one planted in 1978–79 with discussion of the design philosophy, planting and current management practices needed to maintain this maturing garden.
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ÇAKIR, Mert. "Use of Cactus and Succulents in Vertical Gardens." International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2023): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icaens.1005.
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A vertical garden is a type of garden created by arranging plants on a vertical surface. It is often used for growing plants on vertical surfaces such as walls, fences, buildings, balconies and terraces in cities with limited garden space. The plants are planted in custom made vertical garden panels or containers and the roots of the plants are placed in a special soil mix in the panel. Special systems can be placed behind the panels for irrigation and fertilization. Vertical gardens provide a suitable environment for many plant species. In such gardens, flowers, herbs, shrubs, vegetables and even trees can be grown. In this paper, cactus and succulents that can be used in vertical gardens will be evaluated.
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Steinhauer, Melissa, M. A. Brennan, Dennis McConnell, Carrie Reinhardt-Adams, and David Sandrock. "Visitor Responses to an Ethnic Garden Display in a Botanical Garden." HortTechnology 17, no. 4 (January 2007): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.4.537.
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Program developers and administrators in settings such as botanical gardens are increasingly in need of information on the needs and interests of various groups. A need also exists for information on how to broaden interests in garden displays (exhibits including both plants and signs centered on a theme or topic) and increase the diversity of visitors. This article reports on research that explored visitor perceptions of an ethnic garden display highlighting African-American contributions to horticulture. The research also examined overall attitudes toward a botanic garden in Florida where the display was constructed. The results suggested that race did not affect visitors’ overall attitudes toward a botanic garden. Younger visitors, those who visit gardens more, and weekend visitors had a more positive attitude toward botanic gardens. Race was, however, related to visitor attitude toward the ethnic display. African-Americans liked the African-American horticulture display more than any other ethnic group. Sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of botanic garden visits, and time of year for visits all shaped visitor attitudes and opinions.
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Shimoyamada, Sho. "Horticultural Overtourism in Tokyo: Coopetition for Successful Enticement of Visitors from Over- to Less Crowded Gardens." Sustainability 16, no. 21 (October 30, 2024): 9444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16219444.
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Garden managers face the dilemma of promoting and preserving their gardens. Overtourism in popular gardens can be solved by cooperating to entice visitors to alternative, less popular gardens. However, such an enticement strategy may not be successful because garden managers not only cooperate with but also compete against each other (i.e., coopetition). How can garden management practitioners forge a coopetitive relationship to encourage visitors to move from over- to less crowded gardens? Addressing this question, this study aimed to propose a successful coopetitive strategy to redistribute visitors. This study was drawn primarily from semi-structured interviews with garden staff of an overcrowded national garden and multiple less crowded metropolitan gardens. A thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed a lack of cooperation between national and metropolitan gardens and highlighted the former’s aspirations for further growth despite perceived overtourism. This study proposes using the ambiguous cultural status of national and metropolitan gardens as a catalyst for coopetition between them, and contributes to the discourse on sustainable cultural tourism by broadening its scope and redressing the scholarly imbalance between an overemphasis on visitors’ behaviour and a dearth of attention on practitioners of (horti)cultural tourism. Theoretical contributions are detailed at the end of this article.
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Berliner, J., Thilagam S. Kasthuri, B. Manimaran, J. Nanjundan, Balajirajkumar, and V.P. Dinesh. "Gardens for Biodiversity Conservation." Trends In Agriculture Science 1, no. 3 (May 27, 2022): 67–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6586130.
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A garden is a planned planted space, usually outdoors, used for cultivation, display, conservation, and aesthetic purposes. Once, people had to visit tourist spots to see the beauty of gardens. They were only available in the government-run botanical gardens or zoological gardens. Nowadays the concept of gardens is more prevalent in schools, colleges, institutions, industries, corporate buildings, government buildings, Heritage sites, and even in our backyards. The students in schools and colleges are taught the importance and need for having a green garden. There is also an evolution of a separate discipline called Landscape Architecture to deal with the design and development of the gardens depending on the customer’s needs. However, people still perceive a garden as more of aesthetic value than environmental value. Hence, this article is written to instigate the ecological value of the garden to the common people and how gardens can be used for conserving local biodiversity.
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Othman, Noriah, Mohd Hisham Ariffin, Noralizawati Mohamed, and Mohd Ali Waliyuddin A. Razak. "Visitors’ Preferences for Malaysian Botanical Gardens’ Landscapes." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 12 (July 18, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.122.
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Botanical gardens are bio-diverse flora-based natural attractions. Visitors to two prominent Malaysian botanical gardens were surveyed about their preferences for human oriented gardens’ landscape designs.There were significant differences in the preferences for garden landscapes with poorly maintained man-made structures and jungle-like garden landscapes(National Botanical Gardens), and the Japanese garden landscape (Penang Botanical Gardens) among Malays, Chinese and Indians (p<0.10). There were significant differences in preferences between males and females (p<0.10) for garden landscapes with man-made structures(National Botanical Gardens) and landscapes having open spaces (Penang Botanical Gardens).Keywords: Landscape, Human Oriented, Botanical Gardens, PreferenceseISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Fekete, Albert, Máté Sárospataki, and Szabolcs Vajda. "Technical aspects of the reconstruction of historic gardens." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 17, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.2021.00031.
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Abstract Built elements and structures are a prominent component of our historic gardens, both in terms of function and artistic composition and garden scenery. The surveys of historic garden structures are important research tasks, which also underpins and validates restoration work. In most cases, the neglected state of historic gardens and sites and the unavailable archival materials do not allow an authentic restoration of historic gardens to their original state. Nevertheless, there is a real need to reconstruct our historic gardens, based not only on historical authenticity but also on a systematic reinterpretation of the relationship between society and landscape. The objective of this article is to present a general methodology for renewal of historic gardens through examples of specific garden reconstructions. The case studies are the authors' own design works, which demonstrate the application of different design approaches, highlighting details of the reconstruction of specific built garden elements.
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Maranisya, Ulfi, E. K. S. Harini Muntasib, Rinekso Soekmad, and Rachmad Hermawan. "Botanic Garden Tourism: An Implementation of Sustainability Principle through Tourism Private Partner Collaboration in Bogor Botanic Garden." ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism 23, no. 1 (April 30, 2025): 34–47. https://doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2025.23.1.03.
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All tourism activities in the botanic garden should support its primary function. Tourism activities in botanic gardens are required to maintain the sustainability of botanic gardens as plant ex-situ conservation. Since 2021, the private sector has managed tourism in the Bogor Botanic Garden. The importance of evaluating the sustainability of ecological/environmental, socio-cultural, and institutional aspects in the Bogor Botanic Garden after private partners manage the tourism. The research method uses Multidimensional scaling RAP-Sustourism. The research informants include the private sector, the government, and academia. The ecological/environmental dimension, with a score of 75.25%, is in good or very sustainable status. The socio-cultural dimension, with a score of 56.40%, has a reasonably sustainable status. The institutional dimension with a score of 48.69%, is less sustainable. The tourism personnel training program and sustainable tourism rules should be available at the Bogor Botanic Garden. This can control the tourism concept developed in the Bogor Botanic Garden. The Bogor Botanic Garden needs tourism human resources who understand botanic gardens and their plant collections.
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Halbrooks, Mary C. "The English Garden at Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens: Interpretation, Analysis, and Documentation of a Historic Garden Restoration." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (January 2005): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0196.
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Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens in Akron, Ohio, is a historical estate of national significance. Originally the home of the wealthy Seiberling family in the early 1900s, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens was designed by renowned Boston landscape architect Warren Manning between 1911 and 1917. In 1915, the English Garden, one of several garden rooms on the estate, was designed by Manning as a walled, hidden garden. Thirteen years later, the garden's style was reconceived and its spatial dimensions restructured by Ellen Biddle Shipman, the foremost among women landscape architects of that time. Historic photographs document the implementation and maintenance of Shipman's design from 1928 to 1946. After 1946, the English Garden, lacking proper maintenance, was transformed into a shady retreat under towering evergreens on its perimeter. Few of the plantings from the Shipman period remained by 1989, whereas the architectural and structuring elements of the garden were still intact. The decision to restore the English Garden to Shipman's planting design provides a highly accurate representation of the garden during a particular period in its history (1928–46). Architectural rehabilitation of the garden's walls, walks, pathways, and pools was followed by an exacting restoration of the plantings according to Shipman's plans. In 1991, restoration of the English Garden was completed and it was opened to the public in 1992. Objectives of this paper are to 1) illustrate and illuminate contemporary historic landscape preservation practice and theory as applied to the English Garden at Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens and 2) document the horticultural methods associated with this historic garden restoration.
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Hamilton, Susan L. "The Roles of the University of Tennessee Gardens in a Public Horticulture Teaching Program." HortTechnology 9, no. 4 (January 1999): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.4.552.
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The University of Tennessee's undergraduate and graduate public horticulture concentrations are new programs designed to prepare individuals for careers in public horticulture that emphasize people and their education and enjoyment of plants. These new programs could not exist without the educational resources of the university's gardens. The gardens play a variety of roles in supporting faculty, undergraduate, and graduate students in these programs. The gardens serve as an outdoor laboratory and classroom and provide on-campus opportunities for the following teaching and learning activities: plant identification; plant photography; garden design; plant use; garden maintenance internships; special problem topics (e.g., production of annual variety trials, planting and labeling trials, writing garden literature, and creating interpretive displays); mapping and cataloging plants; and garden writing. Only through a university-based garden could opportunities to engage students in such meaningful learning experiences occur providing them with the competitive edge for entering the public horticulture field.
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Kim, Jaehyun, Moon Kyu Lee, Ji Hoon Park, and Kyung Mee Lee. "An Analysis of Visual Preference and Characteristics through a Woodland Garden Perception Survey." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 26, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2023.26.6.735.
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Background and objective: Woodland gardens, or gardens designed to emulate the aesthetic and environmental characteristics of forest vegetation, can assist in resolving various environmental and societal problems. However, research regarding woodland gardens in a Korean context has been insufficient, as the concept has only recently been introduced to Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the Korean public's perceptions of two types of woodland gardens and to suggest future directions for the popularization of woodland gardens in Korea.Methods: This study was carried out based on a survey. The respondents were provided with a questionnaire on three sets of images representing two types of woodland garden (naturalistic and urban) and a typical formal garden. The questionnaire was designed based on the semantic differential method to gather information on the general public's recognition of the concept of woodland gardens, and their preference and perception of each type of garden. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 29.Results: The results suggest that the majority of the respondents were familiar with the term "woodland garden." Of the types of gardens, preference for naturalistic woodland gardens (NWGs) was the highest. Landscape adjectives associated with each type of garden were natural, harmonious, comfortable and simple for NWGs, and organized, artificial, simple, poor, and comfortable for urban woodland gardens (UWGs). A factor analysis on the adjectives identified four factors for each type. Of the identified factors, comfort and stability were found to have particularly greater effects on preference.Conclusion: Preference for NWGs was greater than UWGs, due to the perception that they provided greater comfort and stability. It is expected that designing woodland gardens based on the finding of this study would aid in the popularization of woodland gardens, and the advancement of garden culture in Korea.