Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Gender and individuality

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Gender and individuality”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 22 czerwca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Gender and individuality"

Friedman, Marilyn. "Individuality Without Individualism: Review of Janice Raymond's A Passion for Friends." Hypatia 3, no. 2 (1988): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00074.x.

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This review of Janice Raymond's A Passion for Friends focuses on her strong sense of the individual and of individuality. However, and this is the central contention of my paper, her perspective is quite distinct from liberal individualism. It is also a complex variation on the feminist concern with selves in relationships.

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Newton, Phyllis J., Jill Glazer, and Kevin Blackwell. "Gender, Individuality and the Federal Sentencing Guidelines." Federal Sentencing Reporter 8, no. 3 (1995): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20639879.

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Raymond, Janice G. "Response." Hypatia 3, no. 2 (1988): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00075.x.

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This essay is a response to the comments and critique, included in this issue, of Claudia Card and Marilyn Friedman to my book, A Passion for Friends. In this response, I emphasize the crucial distinction between female separation and dissociation from the world, so as to register the difference between the positive and negative separations in which women are engaged. I also expand the discussion of individuality and individualism. The latter has arisen within the context of a feminist liberal campaign for sexual liberation which defends, among other things, sadomasochism, prostitution, pornography, and surrogacy.

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I. S., Matvienko. "Gender education in Ukraine: problems and prospects." HUMANITARIAN STUDIOS: PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY 11, no. 4 (2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog2020.04.116.

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The problem of studying the gender approach in pedagogy is quite relevant today, due to changes in the modern education system in Ukraine. The goal of the gender approach is to reassess those stable traditional foundations of the education system that did not take into account the development of the individual as a representative of a certain sex and create the necessary conditions for self-realization. The article is devoted to the study of the gender situation in education, as well as the need to abandon traditional stereotypes and find new non-standard approaches, as well as to expand the educational space for the best realization of the individuality of each individual. Key words: pedagogy, gender education, gender, personality, individuality.

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Bellemare, Jocelyn. "Mass individualism: The snowman effect." Critical Studies in Men's Fashion 11, no. 1 (2024): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csmf_00084_1.

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This study critically evaluates contemporary menswear, with a particular focus on the ‘snowman effect’ and mass individualism, to understand the complex dynamics between performativity, gender and socio-styles. It is inspired by the story of ‘Frosty the Snowman’, which illustrates how garments, initially mass-produced, are given life and identity through personalization. This transformation metaphorically represents the fashion industry’s complex relationship between individual expression and societal norms. The article addresses the issue of overconsumption, arguing that it leads to uniform fashion styles despite an abundance of clothing options, thereby increasing the demand for more authentic and personalized fashion. The core of this research examines ‘mass individualism’ within the global fashion industry, exploring its potential to offer sustainable choices while highlighting the challenges and opportunities it presents to major fashion brands. It argues for a shift away from traditional marketing, emphasizing the need for tailored services that meet consumers’ desires for authenticity and individuality. The article also examines the historical constraints on menswear, the evolution of socio-styles and the impact of ‘fit’ on the appropriateness of clothing. It also examines consumer habits and the growing trend towards customization in men’s fashion, particularly in terms of performative individuality and social norms. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of recognizing the contemporary consumer’s desire for uniqueness and suggests mass customization as a vital strategy for revitalizing the menswear sector, reflecting the changing relationship between fashion, gender performance and socio-styles in contemporary society.

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Rylskaya, Elena Alexandrovna, and Lyubov Dmitrievna Moshkina. "Integral individuality of students: Gender characteristics of the structure." Science for Education Today 10, no. 3 (2020): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2658-6762.2003.03.

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Nesyna, Svetlana. "DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ INDIVIDUALITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE IMPACT OF DISTANT AND ONLINE EDUCATION." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 28, 2021): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol5.6257.

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This article focuses on the problem of students' individuality developing as an important part of human individuality in the process of distance and online education during Covid-19 Pandemic. The theoretical basis is O. Grebenyuk’s individuality concept. In it, the individuality is defined as the unity of seven spheres, including intellectual, motivational, emotional, volitional, practical and subject-oriented, self-regulative and existential ones which are characterized the originality and uniqueness of a person. Positive students' individuality developing affects success of higher education and professional activity in medicine. This study adresses three key issues. First, it looks at the problem of students' individuality developing in the process of distance and online education during Covid-19 Pandemic. Second, it turns to examine dynamics of students' individuality spheres and components during one semester of professional training at the university. Finally, the paper considers gender differences in dynamics of students' individuality. The data for this study were collected using the questionnaire “The Technique of Student’s Individuality” by T. Grebenyuk. Eighty-five students were recruited for this research. The participants study at Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, they are future health professionals. The results suggest that in the process of distance and on-line education during Covid-19 Pandemic, positive dynamics in the development of all individuality spheres of medical students is revealed, especially in the motivational and intellectual spheres. The dynamics of all individuality spheres have differences in the male group of medical students except the existential sphere. But this problem needs deeper research.

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Lake, Marilyn. "Personality, individuality, nationality: Feminist conceptions of citizenship 1902–1940." Australian Feminist Studies 9, no. 19 (1994): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.1994.9994723.

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Alabi, Olaitan Daniel, Abiodun Johnson Aserere, and Abraham Omotayo Ogunniran. "Examining the Link Between Company Governance and Monetary Outcome: A Review Study of Financial Service Providers in Nigeria." Journal of Business, IT, and Social Science 3, no. 2 (2024): 20–32. https://doi.org/10.51470/bits.2024.03.02.20.

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The study investigates company governance’s influence on the monetary results of five selected Financial Service Providers in Nigeria between 2019 and 2023. The source of data used was Secondary, which was taken out from the audited yearly reports publicly released by these Financial Service Providers. The study considers panel size, panel individuality, and gender multiplicity as main governance variables, while monetary results are measured by incomes per share and return on properties. The prime drive of this work was to appraise the impact of company governance on the monetary results of Financial Service Providers in Nigeria. Specifically, it aims to: analyze the effect of panel magnitude on monetary results, consider how panel individuality influences monetary results, and explore the bond between gender multiplicity and monetary results. This work employs a Causal-comparative research design, where five chosen financial service Providers were focused. Descriptive and panel regression techniques were used and the analysis found that panel size harmed financial results (ROP), while its relationship with IPS was positive but lacked statistical significance. The study further discovered that panel individuality was undesirably correlated with financial results (ROP) and had a helpful but irrelevant link with IPS. Gender multiplicity showed an irrelevant helpful association with ROP but an important helpful influence on IPS, demonstrating that higher gender multiplicity contributes to better financial results. Ultimately, the research work shows that company governance performs a crucial function in shaping the monetary results of Nigerian Financial Service Providers. It suggests that increasing gender multiplicity within bank panels could lead to better policymaking and stronger financial results.

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Гладченко, Мария, and Аглаида Болбочеану. "Gender aspects of teenage lies in psychological research." Univers Pedagogic 3, no. 67 (2020): 88–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4061792.

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The article is dedicated to the study of gender characteristics of manifestations of teenage lies in psychological study. The authors concluded that the differences in teenage lies between girls and boys are significant. Sex appurtenance influences the appearance and manifestation of lies. The results of this study will allow us to establish the causes of lies, focusing on individuality by gender type.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Gender and individuality"

Gilani, Nighat Parveen. "Individuality and connectedness in the mother-daughter relationship : a comparison of two cultural groups." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240557.

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Adolfsson, Susann. "The struggle between individuality and gender conformity : A literary study of Joyce Carol Oates' The Falls." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9446.

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This essay investigates the gender roles in Joyce Carol Oates' The Falls. The novel concentrates ona family who live by Niagara Falls in the US, but the novel's main focus is on a woman namedAriah. Ariah is considered as an outcast and different from her surrounding socialites and thereforeit is interesting to investigate how society and its norms affects her. This essay concentrates on themain character Ariah and how the society's norms affect her and contribute to her alienation. Theessay focus on the key norms in the novel and analyzes them with the help of Betty Friedan'stheories in The Feminine Mystique to investigate if there is any correlation between society's normsand the main character's alienation. The aim of this essay is to investigate the connections betweenthe main character's alienation and her refusal to succumb to society's expectations of her as awoman.

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Zubair, Noveed. "An exploration of gender nonconformity in gay men." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14541/.

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This study explored how gender expressions were portrayed in the narratives of gay men who view themselves as non-masculine. An adapted life story interview was conducted with seven participants between the ages of 20 and 47 years. Life stories were analysed using content analysis. The study found that non-masculinity was defined in different ways and that social context, including threat, impacted on gender expression. Non-masculinity was strongly associated with male homosexuality. Homophobic verbal and physical abuse was portrayed alongside negative appraisals of non-masculinity. This may be indicative of internalised anti-effeminacy values. Marginalisation in gay communities was also portrayed, including romantic rejection. Intersections of gender-expression and ethnicity or age were important in evaluations of sexual attractiveness. Conversely, masculinity was often eroticised or regarded as aspirational. Positive qualities associated with non-masculinity included expressiveness, humour and flexibility in working with power demonstrations of others. These reinforce the assertion that effeminate and androgynous men bypass facets of gender-role conflict.

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Nilsson, Lisa. "Oproblematiska problem? : Gymnasieelevers uppfattningar om och upplevelser av jämställdhet." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7636.

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The aim of this master thesis is to examine high school students’ understandings and experiences of gender equality and to critically study the formulations and the basis of the project from Save theChildren Sweden which are the basis for this master thesis. By using critical discourse analysis and gender theories the formulations and basis of the project and the interviews has been analyzed. Theanalysis of the project showed neglect for intersectional perspectives and taken for granted hidden opinions about masculinities and femininities. The interviews have been conducted with four high school students, and the students felt that they attend schools which are equal between genders. The analysis of the interviews gave another picture which showed that there are a number of factors that indicate that their schools aren’t equal between genders. The analysis deal with discourses as equality between gender and the lack of equality between gender, individuality, responsibility, resistance to change and will to change.

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MacArthur, Lori Kinder. "John Rawls, Feminism, and the Gendered Self." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5030.

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John Rawls's theory of justice, which he calls "justice as fairness," has proven to be most influential with regard to the course of contemporary political theory. In both of Rawls's books, A Theory of Justice and Political Liberalism, his aim was to present a theoretically-compelling defense of deontological liberalism, and to present a set of principles by which to fairly order a just society. While Rawls's project has attracted a fair number of proponents over the years, it has also been a popular target for liberal and nonliberal critics alike. A recurrent theme among these criticisms has been an objection with Rawls's conception of the self as presented in A Theory of Justice. This thesis will focus on feminists' criticisms of Rawls's conception of persons. In general, feminists contend that Rawlsian liberalism suffers a structural gender bias resulting from Rawls's conception of the self. Rawls's notion of the self, feminists argue, rests on male or masculine attributes. I will demonstrate in the course of this thesis that feminists' charges fail on two accounts. First, feminists do not present an accurate reading of Rawls's conception of persons in either A Theory of Justice or Political Liberalism. Second, in reviewing feminist approaches to gendering the self (which is integral to their critique), it will be shown that feminists are unable to gender the self in a theoretically defensible manner. Thus, feminists cannot make the claim that the Rawlsian self is a male or masculine concept. It follows from these twin defects that feminist contentions fail to prove that Rawls's theory is gender biased.

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Alves, Vera Lucia Pereira. "Receitas para a conjugalidade : uma analise da literatura de auto-ajuda." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252633.

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Orientadores: Isaura Rocha Figueiredo Guimarães, Adriana Gracia Piscitelli Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T08:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_VeraLuciaPereira_D.pdf: 18592180 bytes, checksum: a2cddcfe465deea8606fcd0e4709df67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 Doutorado Psicologia, Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação Doutor em Educação

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Ekstrand, Julian. ""A Nakedness of Mind": Gender, Individualism and Collectivism in Jack Kerouac's On the Road." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100041.

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This essay focuses on gender roles, individualism and collectivism in Jack Kerouac’s classic road-trip novel On the Road. In order to put the discussion into a meaningful context, I look at the novel from a historical perspective and examine how it relates to post-war American society. I argue that the novel is, in many ways, representative of a society existing in a field of tension between individualism and collectivism, and that its notion of individual freedom, at the time revolutionary, can be seen as retrogressive with regard to the book’s portrayal and treatment of women. The essay features a discussion of what kind of individual freedom is presented in On the Road and how this freedom relates to typical American individualism as well as American post-war societal norms, the norm of the nuclear family in particular. This is followed by a brief analysis of how the novel influenced future generations, specifically in terms of sexual liberation. This analysis introduces a discussion of the way in which women are portrayed in the book and how this portrayal both represents collective progress in post- war America—women are often described as financially independent—and a phallocentric type of individualism. I then show that this individualism is connected to an unthinking optimism which, I argue, is one of the key causes of the retrogressive view of women exemplified by the book. My study ultimately demonstrates that the novel’s notion of individualism—an individualism which was highly influential for future generations and is usually viewed as progressive—can arguably be seen as retrogressive in terms of Kerouac's representation of gender roles.

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Monsour, Mitchell. "Together and Alone: Intimacy and Alienation in the Age of Competitive Individualism." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22725.

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I begin by discussing structural alienation in the United States and its relationship to the pursuit of romantic love. I argue that romantic love is idealized due the lack of community inherent in a competitive, individualistic society; the romantic partner becomes a replacement for the community individuals once relied on for material and psychological needs. Despite the allure of romantic love, the norms and values associated with it often undermine the development of intimacy, as does the larger society in which the relationship is situated. I refer to this phenomenon as the romantic contradiction. I then discuss some of the factors that contribute to the romantic contradiction, such as the commodification of relationships in a market-based economy, impression management in dating, and the role of gender in heterosexual relationships. Central to this dissertation, I investigate the dominant ideology of romantic love by conducting a textual analysis of the ten most popular romantic comedies and self-help books on romantic relationships from 2006-2010. My findings suggest the dominant ideology of romantic love promotes long-term, monogamous relationships as the primary way to meet a person’s psychological and physical needs. Furthermore, the ideal relationship is based on gendered needs and responsibilities: men are expected to provide material and physical protection, while women are expected to provide emotional support and sexual intimacy. The ideology encourages a dependency between women and men and various forms of inequality. It also reinforces individualism in relationships by placing greater emphasis on meeting needs rather than developing intimacy (e.g. knowledge, empathy) for its own sake. I conclude with a discussion of competitive individualism and romantic alienation, and suggest avenues for reducing gender dependency and alienation in relationships.

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Hellsing, Maria, and Linda Olsson. "Experiences of female entrepreneurs in Tanzania : A cultural comparacy between individualism and collectivism." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35072.

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Zasoba, Ievgeniia. "Migration, Individualism and Dependency| Experiences of Skilled Women from the Former Soviet Union in Silicon Valley." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10829111.

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An academic dialog concerning the intersectionality of national origin, economic class and gender, as mutually constitutive elements of migration, set the context for my inquiry into the experiences of wives who are barred from paid labor by their restricted visa status. Guided by grounded theory, I conducted seventeen semi-structured qualitative interviews to examine ways in which a move to Silicon Valley under a restricted visa class changes the self-image of women, and how they evaluate this change. I found that the ambiguous agency construct of women socialized in the Soviet and post-Soviet eras facilitated their choice to migrate despite the visa restrictions. After emigrating, the women tended to embrace values of individualism and self-reliance, which reinforced their professional ambitions. However, the absence of professional options created a split between the women’s lived experiences and their self-representation. In addition, I found that a visa that prohibits employment creates a homogenizing effect on women’s self-images, putting them on similar personal and professional tracks and making their legal and economic status less predictable. These findings suggest that structural strategies might be adopted to help these women reclaim their self-images and exert more control over the selection and pursuit of their goals.

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Książki na temat "Gender and individuality"

Mäkinen, Katariina. Becoming valuable selves: Self-promotion, gender and individuality in late capitalism. Tampere University Press, 2012.

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Claudia, Born, ed. Individualisierung und Verflechtung: Geschlecht und Generation im deutschen Lebenslaufregime. Juventa, 2001.

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Foster, D. Glenn. How can I get through to you?: Breakthrough communication beyond gender, beyond therapy, beyond deception. Hyperion, 1994.

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Abercrombie, Nicholas. Individualism, collectivism and gender in popular culture. University of Salford, Department of Sociology, 1991.

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Bruce, Clarke. Dora Marsden and early modernism: Gender, individualism, science. University of Michigan Press, 1996.

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Anna-Karin, Kollind, ed. Individualism and families: Equality, autonomy, and togetherness. Routledge, 2005.

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Suzuki, Munenori. Kojinkasuru risuku to shakai: Bekku riron to gendai Nihon. Keisō Shobō, 2015.

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Stang, Sarah, Mikko Meriläinen, Joleen Blom, and Lobna Hassan. Monstrosity in Games and Play. Amsterdam University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463725682.

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Monsters fascinate us. From ancient folklore to contemporary digital games, they are at the core of the stories we tell. They reflect our fears, deepest desires, and the monstrosity hidden within ourselves. Monsters hold a mirror to our contemporary society and reveal who we truly are. This edited collection examines monsters and monstrosity in games and play. Monsters are a key feature of most games: we fight, kill, and eat them—and sometimes, we become them. However, monsters in games and play are not only entertaining but also a reflection of the monstrosity of our world. In this book, twenty-two scholars explore how themes such as mental health, colonialism, individualism, disability, gender, sexuality, racism, and exclusion are reflected in the monsters we interact with in games, play, and our daily lives both online and offline. Monstrosity in Games and Play is recommended to readers interested in the monstrous in contemporary game cultures and their surrounding societies.

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Hernando, Almudena. The Fantasy of Individuality: On the Sociohistorical Construction of the Modern Subject. Springer, 2018.

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Saran, Prem. Yoga, Bhoga and Ardhanariswara: Individuality, Wellbeing and Gender in Tantra. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Części książek na temat "Gender and individuality"

Hernando, Almudena. "Sex and Gender." In The Fantasy of Individuality. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60720-7_2.

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Hernando, Almudena. "Sex and Gender All over Again." In The Fantasy of Individuality. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60720-7_10.

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Hernando, Almudena. "The Fantasy of Individuality I: Women and Gender Identity." In The Fantasy of Individuality. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60720-7_7.

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Alam, Sarwar. "Self, Identity, and Individuality." In Perceptions of Self, Power, & Gender Among Muslim Women. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73791-1_3.

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Alba, Julieta Ojeda. "Humour, Vocabulary and Individuality in an EFL Task." In Gender Perspectives on Vocabulary in Foreign and Second Languages. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230274938_10.

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Kormann, Eva. "Hetero-Reference and Heterology: Autobiographical Writing, Individuality, and Gender on the Threshold of the Modern Period." In Forms of Individuality and Literacy in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods. Brepols Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.usml-eb.5.105612.

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Norris, Benjamin. "Re-asking the Question of the Gendered Subject after Non-Philosophy." In Speculations 3. punctum books, 2012. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0010.1.03.

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Is a science of (non-)gender Identity constitution possible? What would be the object and proper method of this science? And, most importantly, what new spaces of (non-)philosophical investigation can be opened in light of such an analysis? At some point in time during its perpetual production and proliferation of problems, philosophy stumbled across a problem it called “the subject.” As time passed and philosophy roared on, the question of the subject has taken many differ-ent forms, been approached with many different methods and has yielded incredibly diverse and distinct answers.We have now come to a point where we no longer need to ask philosophically “what is the subject?” and “how is the subject’s individuality constituted?” but instead ask non-philosophically“how has philosophy produced its hypotheses, conditioned its methods and pre-determined its conclusions regarding the subject?”

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Corcoran-Nantes, Yvonne, and Snighda Roy. "Gender, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development in Bangladesh." In Balancing Individualism and Collectivism. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58014-2_8.

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Buswell, Clare, and Yvonne Corcoran-Nantes. "Precarious Liaisons: Gender, Moral Authority and Marriage in Colonial Kenya." In Balancing Individualism and Collectivism. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58014-2_19.

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Abadeer, Adel S. Z. "Norms, Status, and Individualist Goods." In Norms and Gender Discrimination in the Arab World. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137395283_8.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Gender and individuality"

Valencia, J., M. Turrubiates, and S. Olivares. "DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERSITY COMPETENCY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONALS: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION." In The 7th International Conference on Education 2021. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2021.7153.

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Migratory displacements, the multiplicity of ethnic groups, and tremendous cultural diversity in today's society (culture, sex, religion, language, education, sexual orientation) worldwide have made it necessary for health professionals to address the immediate demands and needs of society. The objective of this study was to identify the development of diversity competency through educational innovations. The methodology was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional. The tool was a questionnaire used as a pre-test and post-test to measure the value perceived by the students participating in our university's Tec Week activities. It was applied to the total number of students enrolled in the Tec Week activities. The questionnaire was answered by 21 students participating in the activities "Me, You, Others, Us" and "Diversity in a Globalized World." Focus groups validated the questionnaire; for statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon test was used and Cronbach's Alpha (0.97). The results of the Tec Week activities "Me, You, Others, Us" and "Diversity in a Globalized World" showed the dimension in which students feel more confident in their self-reflection. For the diversity competency, it was "Strengthen my Support for Gender Equality." However, the activity in which the students did not feel confident in both the pre and post-tests was "Participate in Inclusion Initiatives with Vulnerable Groups." The development of diversity competency contributes high value to the training of health professionals. It is based on human rights and individuality and considers the patient's characteristics, expressing openness, interest, and disposition towards the diversity surrounding them. Keywords: Generic competencies, diversity competency, health professionals, higher education, educational innovation

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Beronja, Branko, Olja Stevanović, Nataša Nikolić, et al. "Gender-specific mortality predictors in patients with severe COVID-19: A critical care perspective." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24036b.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with the risk of death in men and women individually and shed light on new aspects. Patients and methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at two healthcare institutions in Serbia, involving 457 patients. Patients were categorized based on their gender. The primary study endpoint was survival, specifically patient mortality. Demographic and clinical information were retrieved from electronic health records. Results: Among men, 11.4% required treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), with a 5.7% mortality rate. Multivariate analysis confirmed associations with ICU mortality, including longer hospitalization (p=0.010), non-vaccination (p=0.024), obesity (p=0.013), elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.048), C-reactive protein (p=0.041), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.008), interleukin-6 (p=0.019), and lower lymphocyte counts (p=0.043). For women, 16% required ICU treatment, with an 8.6% mortality rate. Multivariate analysis confirmed associations with ICU mortality, including longer hospitalization (p=0.014), non-vaccination (p=0.019), chronic kidney disease, elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.012), creatinine (p=0.015), C-reactive protein (p=0.015), interleukin-6 (p=0.019), lower lymphocyte counts (p=0.077), and erythrocyte counts (p=0.033). Conclusion: Survival in severe COVID-19 is similar between genders, but specific risk factors vary. Prolonged hospitalization, low lymphocyte count, high biomarker levels, and vaccine avoidance contribute to mortality in both genders. Men face risks from obesity and elevated AST levels, while women face risks from lower erythrocyte counts and CKD. This highlights the need for a gender-specific approach in managing fatal COVID-19.

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Borelli, Wyllians, Carolina Formoso, Andrei Bieger, Eduardo Zimmer, Marcia Chaves, and Raphael Castilhos. "DISTINCT PREVALENCE OF SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG DIFFERENT BRAZILIAN REGIONS, SEX AND GENDER." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda033.

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Background: Subjective Cognitive Decline may represent the earliest clinical manifestation of the Alzheimer’s continuum. A continental-size country like Brazil demands regionalized strategies to provide adequate public health strategies. Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of SCD in Brazilian regions, sex and genders. Methods: Data was gathered from a complex-sample epidemiological study named ELSI (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde de Idosos). SCD criteria was applied within the dataset. Weighting for complex-sampling was performed. Data was analyzed according to national region, sex and gender. Results: Overall nationwide prevalence of SCD was 15.48%. Prevalence of SCD was the highest in Midwest (19.9%), followed by Northeast (17%), North (16.9%), South (14.6%) and Southeast (14.2%, p <0.0001). Among adults, males in the North showed the highest prevalence of SCD (27.5%), while the lowest prevalence was in females in the Southeast (14.4%). Among older adults, the highest prevalence was in females in the North (19.2%), while females in the Southeast showed the lowest (11.2%). Prevalence of SCD was statistically similar in females and males (15.6% vs. 16.1%, p=0.6). Conclusions: Brazil exhibits distinct profiles of SCD according to regions, sex and genders that should be analyzed by policymakers in public health. The Midwest presented the highest prevalence of SCD. Individually, male adults and female older adults in the North presented the highest prevalence in Brazil.

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Guo, Juan, Hao Liu, and Ming Zhou. "Analysis of Different Tendencies Towards Individualism and Collectivism From the Perspective of Genders." In 8th International Conference on Social Network, Communication and Education (SNCE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/snce-18.2018.85.

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Meșină, Salomeea, and Dorina Belescu. "Probleme actuale ale egalității de gen în Republica Moldova." In Simpozion Ştiinţific al Tinerilor Cercetători, Ediţia a 21-a. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/sstc.v2.44.

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The topic examined in the article is important, given the fact that gender equality is an important human right, but this right has often been violated during historical development and is still violated in modern societies. And the Republic of Moldova is not an exception in this regard. The purpose of the research consists in the analysis of gender equality and its problems in the Republic of Moldova. For the analysis of the chosen problem, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, deduction, and study of the legislative framework, of reports related to the problem in question, analysis of statistical data. The Republic of Moldova is facing severe problems related to gender equality. Women face different obstacles in the education system, in health, in politics, and in other fields. This is mainly due to the persistent patriarchal attitudes in society, but also to customs, traditions, the passive position of many women, the insufficient involvement of civil society. The existence of gender inequalities in society involves certain costs both for women individually and for society as a whole.

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Palmitesta, Paola, Margherita bracci, Francesco Currò, Stefano guidi, Enrica marchigiani, and Oronzo parlangeli. "Design a robot that is able to…: Gender stereotypes in children’s imagination of robots." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005010.

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Gender stereotypes not only affect relationships between humans but can also be activated in interactions with technologies. This is especially true when technologies take on anthropomorphic or even humanoid aspects, as is the case with many robots. How much gender stereotypes in interactions with robots are already active in children is still a matter of debate. Above all, it can be noted that studies on this issue have been conducted by asking for evaluative judgments with reference to existing robots, whether these were real, simulated, or only represented through images. This approach may have introduced an evaluative bias due to the design of the robots themselves by their manufacturers. Therefore, it appeared necessary to conduct a study in which children were asked to design, more specifically to draw, a robot that was able to perform either a more stereotypically female or a male task.Method and ProcedureParticipantsSixty children (28 girls, 46.6%) aged 11 to 13 years participated in the study. MethodThe study was carried out at school under the presence of the teachers and two researchers. During a first phase, the children were asked to individually draw a robot able to perform either the task of shoveling the snow (stereotypically a male task) or decorating a house (stereotypically a female task). They were told that the aim of this activity was to provide help to designers in implementing such robots. The children had no time limits to complete the drawings.In a second phase, after having drawn the robots and still in the classroom, children were asked to fill out a printed questionnaire with the aim to collect some general personal information (age, gender and class attended) and further data on the robots (gender, age, anthropomorphic characteristics, and the materials the robot was made of).ResultsChildren drew equally (45%) robots that they said were neither male nor female, or that were male. Only 6 (10%) female robots were drawn.This result is not related to whether children chose to draw robots to decorate the house or to shoveling the snow. In fact, drawings related to these two tasks were produced in almost the same percentage: 32 robots for decorating the house (53.33%) and 28 robots for shoveling the snow (46.67%).It is worth noting that the 6 female robots were all drawn by girls and that the male children drew male robots in greater numbers (N = 18) ((2) = 8.81, p < .02).In relation to the level of anthropomorphism, the results suggest that the children wanted to draw robots scarcely resembling human beings: they were almost all made of metal (N = 55; 91.67%), only 15 (25%) had anything resembling a face, and those with an actual face were only 3 (5%).ConclusionFor children, gender stereotypes in reference to robots seem to refer mainly to the fact that these technologies are considered masculine or gender-neutral regardless of their anthropomorphic characteristics.

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Shinohara, Vítor, Juliano Foleiss, and Tiago Tavares. "Comparing Meta-Classifiers for Automatic Music Genre Classification." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Musical. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcm.2019.10434.

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Automatic music genre classification is the problem of associating mutually-exclusive labels to audio tracks. This process fosters the organization of collections and facilitates searching and marketing music. One approach for automatic music genre classification is to use diverse vector representations for each track, and then classify them individually. After that, a majority voting system can be used to infer a single label to the whole track. In this work, we evaluated the impact of changing the majority voting system to a meta-classifier. The classification results with the meta-classifier showed statistically significant improvements when related to the majority-voting classifier. This indicates that the higher-level information used by the meta-classifier might be relevant for automatic music genre classification.

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Fukuda, Shuichi, and Fumikazu Konishi. "Life Algorithm: Its Concept and Application." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0201.

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Abstract Recently an autonomous system that meets the growing demand for solving a problem in adiversifying environment has been desired, in order to secure more robustness and flexibility. As a first step towards establishing such an autonomous system, we developed Life Algorithm (LA). Life Algorithm is fundamentally an extension of Genetic Algorithm (GA). While the conventional GA approach is based on genes and is homogeneous in its essence, LA is something more like a genome and realizes more diversity. A group of genes with different evaluation function is considered and these constitute agents. Thus, more individuality and more interaction between these agents can be taken into account and more robustness to cope with the widely and quickly changing environment can be realized. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of an LA approach by illustrating the example of power plant operation through simulation and an experiment of a solar cell system.

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Fukuda, Shuichi, and Fumikazu Konishi. "Life Algorithm: A New Tool to Develop a Distributed Autonomous System." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/eim-3713.

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Abstract Recently an autonomous system that meets the growing demand for solving a problem in a diversifying environment has been desired in order to secure more robustness and flexibility. As a first step towards establishing such an autonomous system, we developed Life Algorithm (LA). Life Algorithm is fundamentally an extension of Genetic Algorithm (GA). While the conventional GA approach is based on genes and is homogeneous in its essence, LA is something more like a genome and realizes more diversity. A group of genes with different evaluation function is considered and these constitute agents. Thus, more individuality and more interaction between these agents can be taken into account and more robustness to cope with the widely and quickly changing environment can be realized. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of an LA approach by illustrating the example of power plant operation through simulation and an experiment of a solar cell system. The solar cell experiment demonstrates LA’s great flexibility and adaptability as a tool for developing such an autonomous system.

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Dimdiņš, Ģirts, and Edmunds Vanags. "Network Analysis of Social Measures, Culture Dimensions, and Covid-19 Related Behavioural Choices." In 81th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2023.01.

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The aim of the study was to explore social measurements and COVID-19-related behavioral choices from a network structure perspective. We tested network models by comparing network structures in 46 countries by cultural dimensions (Hofstede et al., 2010). The pre-registered hypothesis was that the network structure of variables predicting COVID-19-related behavioral choices will be robust across countries, regardless of the mean differences of these variables between countries characterized by high vs low culture dimension indices. Behavioural choices toward COVID-19 situation were: physical hygiene, policy support, and physical contact. In network analysis we used several social/psychological constructs: social belonging, trait optimism, collective narcissism, moral identity, self-esteem, national identification, trait self-control, morality as cooperation, conspiracy beliefs, political ideology, and narcissism. We analysed twelve conditions based on dichotomized culture dimensions (high vs. low Power distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty avoidance, Long-term orientation, and Indulgence) across demographics (e.g., age, gender). We conducted network structure analysis using high-dimensional undirected graph estimation with glasso procedure splitting the data by culture dimensions in total with N = 40 795 individuals. The study findings indicated that the network models were fairly consistent across cultures with different scores on each of Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions. This similarity reflects the previous studies in terms of the stability of associations between variables regardless of sex, age, and political beliefs.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Gender and individuality"

Mitina, Natal'ya. The problem of gender in the philosophy of B. Mandeville. Context and Reflection: Philosophy of the World and Human Being, 2024. https://doi.org/10.12731/2024-13-12-88-92.

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The bourgeois revolutions of the 17th – 18th centuries in Europe, which led to the establishment of new capitalist relations, also led to a change in the views of utopian philosophers on issues of gender relations. The purpose of the study is to analyze one of the approaches to the problem of gender. The liberal concept is developed by the English moral philosopher Bernard Mandeville. The social utopias of the New Age set the task of creating a just society based on the principles of universal equality. These principles were the basis for addressing gender equality. Utopian society equalized everyone in everything, effectively depriving the individual of individuality, free will, feelings, desires. Civil equality was combined with a patriarchal type of society. In fact, the issue of gender equality was limited to the achievement of gender equality. Women were excluded from the civil law field. Mandeville finds the explanation for the individual inequality in the difference between women’s and men’s affects. It is therefore proposed that girls and boys, girls and boys, be brought up and educated separately. Liberal concepts have failed to overcome the masculine view of gender relations.

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Guizzo Altube, Matías, and Carlos Scartascini. Gender-Based Research and Interviewer Effects: Evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012886.

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As the measurement of public opinion and attitudes toward gender issues has gained increasing attention in gender policy and research, the accurate design, implementation, and analysis of survey data has become paramount. In this paper, we examine the impact of the gender of the interviewer on survey responses in Latin America and the Caribbean, both individually and in the aggregate, using data from the LAPOP surveys (2012-2018). We also present a formal model that illustrates how the gender of the interviewer may influence responses and derive an optimal adjustment in survey design and analysis to account for this bias. Our findings highlight the substantial influence of social norms on gender opinions, revealing that respondents are more likely to overestimate men's abilities in politics relative to women's and to accept domestic violence when interviewed by men rather than women. Two key actions emerge as a corollary: survey firms should always provide the gender of the interviewer in their data, and researchers should adjust for this bias in their analysis. Without implementing these recommended practices, survey data may not accurately reflect what individuals in the region think about gender issues, potentially skewing behaviors and public policy.

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Steffenson, B. J., I. Mayrose, Gary J. Muehlbauer, and A. Sharon. ing and comparative sequence analysis of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134173.bard.

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Our overall, long-term goal is to exploit the genetic diversity present in cereal wild relatives for the development of cultivars with durable disease resistance. Our specific objectives for this proposal were to: 1) Utilize Association Genetics Resistance Gene Enrichment Sequencing (AgRenSeq) to identify and clone powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley and 2) Conduct comparative sequence analyses of the cloned resistance genes to elucidate the basis of their specificity and evolution. The deployment of resistant cultivars is the most effective, economically efficient, and environmentally sound means of controlling plant diseases, especially in small grain cereals. The systems selected for study in this proposal are barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare, Hvv), its wild progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Hvs) and the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Bgs) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei, Ph) pathogens. We compiled a diverse panel of Hvs accessions (the Wild Barley Diversity Collection or WBDC; N = 314) from across its native range and evaluated it to 40 isolates of Bgs and 12 isolates of Ph. We obtained genomic DNA sequences enriched for Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) type resistance genes for 203 WBDC accessions, plus cultivar Morex for which the first reference genome sequence of barley was based. We assembled the 250 bp Illumina sequencing reads into contigs using CLC assembly cell. From this effort, we successfully assembled the sequences of 201 WBDC accessions plus Morex and used NLR Parser to identify contigs containing NLR genes. AgRenSeq was then used to identify k-mers (short oligonucleotide sequences of length k) that were associated with resistance to each isolate of the two pathogens. This analysis was performed individually for all WBDC accessions and each individual pathogen race (9,898 host accession x pathogen race combinations). We visualized the results from these analyses in Manhattan plots and identified 311 and 144 peaks for powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance, respectively. The next step in the analysis was to identify the contigs associated with the peaks in the Manhattan plots. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) searches were employed to identify closely related contigs in other WBDC accessions or in Morex. We identified two candidate R genes that were only present in resistant WBDC accessions. One of these was present in seven WBDC lines and was associated with resistance to four leaf rust isolates. BLAST analysis of this gene revealed that it was Rph15, one of the most widely effective leaf rust resistance genes reported in Hordeum. This gene was cloned and functionally validated in association with our Australian colleagues (Cheng et al., 2021). We are currently in the process of cloning six of other resistance genes: four for powdery mildew and two for leaf rust. As the contigs do not contain much of the promoter sequences, we have employed a genome walking approach to identify 2,500 bp of promoter sequence. To speed up and simplify the cloning of resistance genes from the WBDC, the PI established the International Wild Barley Sequencing Consortium (IWBSC; https://iwbsc.umn.edu/) comprised of over 60 researchers from 14 different countries and raised over $150,000 through crowdfunding to pay for 10X depth sequence coverage. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data identified extremely strong and clear signals of association for several resistance genes which will facilitate gene cloning in concert with a wild barley pan-genome currently under construction. The cloning of multiple resistance gene can facilitate the development of durably resistant cultivars by inserting, through transgenesis, cassettes of multiple resistance genes.

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Trost, Laura. Die private Lastenradnutzung – Statussymbol oder Alternative zum eigenen Auto? Eine qualitative Untersuchung der instrumentellen, affektiven und symbolischen Motive. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, Arbeitsgruppe Mobilitätsforschung, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69035.

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Bei der Realisierung der dringend nötigen Verkehrs- und Mobilitätswende sind Möglichkeiten der Befriedung menschlicher Mobilitätsbedürfnisse unabhängig von privater Autonutzung ein wichtiger Baustein. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden darum instrumentelle, affektive und symbolische Motive der privaten Lastenradnutzung qualitativ erforscht. Das Lastenrad hat in den vergangenen Jahren insbesondere in urbanen Räumen an Popularität gewonnen und ermöglicht für den Transport von weiteren Personen, insbesondere Kindern, Tieren oder größeren Lasten eine emissionsarme oder -freie Fortbewegung. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass bei den instrumentellen Motive die häufig nach Gender verteilte Sorgearbeit eine entscheidende Rolle einnimmt. Dabei erfüllt das Lastenrad das von den Ansprüchen Transportoptionen, Zeitsouveränität, Geschwindigkeit, Erreichbarkeit und Multifunktionalität geprägte Mobilitätsbedürfnis von Personen, die neben Sorge- auch Lohnarbeit im Alltag leisten, im urbanen Raum auf einzigartige Weise. Auch für Personen, deren Alltag nicht maßgeblich durch diese Doppelbelastung geprägt ist, stellt die mit dem Lastenrad mögliche optimierte Überwindung von Raum- und Zeitwiderständen ein relevantes instrumentelles Motiv dar. Hinzu kommen soziale Interaktion, Gesundheit und Klimaschutz. Dabei ist die Lastenradnutzung stark mit positiven emotionalen Reaktionen und hedonischem Erlebniswert verknüpft. Symbolisch drückt sie einen hohen finanziellen und sozialen Status der Besitzer*innen aus und genießt hohes Ansehen in ihrem sozialen Umfeld. Gleichzeitig kann mit der Lastenradnutzung das Bedürfnis nach Individualität und Distinktion erfüllt und der hohe Stellenwert, den nachhaltige Mobilität für die Lastenradbesitzer*innen dieser Untersuchung hat, ausgedrückt werden.

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Levisohn, Sharon, Mark Jackwood, and Stanley Kleven. New Approaches for Detection of Mycoplasma iowae Infection in Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612834.bard.

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Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.

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Demuynck, Méryl, Anna-Maria Andreeva, and George Kefford. A Practitioner’s Guide to Working with Children in VE-Affiliated Families: Protecting the Rights of the Child. ICCT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2022.3.03.

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The PREPARE (Promoting collaborative policies of inclusion relating to children of far right and Islamist parents in Western Europe) project aims to identify vulnerabilities and stigmas that children may face when their parents are involved in violent extremist (VE) networks, and how frontline practitioners can best address them through a collaborative approach centred on the needs of the child. It aims to support these children by supporting frontline practitioners working with these children and their families in six European countries (the Netherlands, Spain, France, Sweden, Germany and Kosovo) to develop a state-of-the-art Child Vulnerability and Intervention Tool and training modules for practitioners. Central to the PREPARE project is ensuring that human rights, the rule of law, and children’s rights remain at the forefront throughout the development and implementation of interventions and programmes aimed at supporting children of families with links to VE. This report thus aims to provide guidance for practitioners on how to support these children through a human rights- and rule of law-compliant approach, that centres on children’s needs, well-being, and long-term prospects, and helps mitigate the risks of stigmatisation, polarisation, and discrimination. This report starts by providing an overview of the rights of the child, as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), including the four general principles that should inform the implementation of all other rights, as well as any decisions and interventions affecting children, namely the non-discrimination principle, the best interests of the child, the child’s inherent right to life, survival and development, and the child’s right to express their views freely. It notably aims to inform practitioners on what these rights are, to what extent children raised in families with links with VE might see some of these rights infringed upon, as well as how they should inform their work. Finally, this report focuses on providing guidance on identified good practices to support children growing in families with links to VE, which include adopting victim-centred, individually-tailored, gender- and age- conscious approach, developing multidisciplinary and multi-actor programmes, and providing adequate training for practitioners. In addition, the report will further address some of the key challenges and practises to avoid in regards to the safeguarding the rights of children in families with links to VE. Practices to avoid notably include security-centred approaches, one-size-fits-all responses, practices causing re-traumatisation, lack of trust between children and implementers, lack of and/or inadequate training, and lack of long-term funding to ensure sustainable support for children having been exposed to VE environments.

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Galili, Gad, Harry J. Klee, and Asaph Aharoni. Elucidating the impact of enhanced conversion of primary to secondary metabolism on phenylpropanoids secondary metabolites associated with flavor, aroma and health in tomato fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597920.bard.

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• Targeted manipulating Phenylalanine (Phe) synthesis is one of the most powerful strategies to boost the biologically and economically important secondary metabolites, including phenylpropaniods, aromatic volatiles and specialized secondary metabolites. • Over-expression of the petunia MYB transcript factor, ODORANT1 (ODO1), results in significant alterations of the levels of specific phenylpropanoid compounds in plants. • Our previous studies indicated that ectopic expression of the feedback-insensitive AroG could break the bottleneck between primary and secondary metabolisms in tomato, thereby aiding in producing new tomato composition and identifying the unknown roles of multiple key regulators in specialized metabolism. Therefore, combining the AroG and ODO1 is of particular interest for elucidating the combined regulatory role of both of these genes in the Phe metabolic pathway, as well as generating tomato fruits that contain higher levels of secondary metabolites. • Here, we performed the LC-MS and GC-MS analyses on fruits of four tomato genotypes, namely, wild type tomato fruits as well as tomato fruits expressing the AroG, ODO1 and the combination of AroG plus ODO1 (AO) genotypes. Our results elaborated that the levels of many of the Phe-derived metabolites were predominately altered in fruits of the AO genotype, compared to tomato fruits expressing either AroG or ODO1 individually. The levels of most of these metabolites were significantly stimulated, such as Tyrosine (Tyr), coumaric acid and ferulic acid derived metabolites, but the levels of some important secondary metabolites were reduced in the AO transgenic genotypes as compared to either AroG or ODO1 lines. Nevertheless, our results also revealed that the levels of aromatic volatiles were obviously down regulated in the AO, compared to that in AroG transgenic fruits, but were boosted while compared to the wild type and ODO1 transgenic fruits. • Our results suggest that ODO1 expression may also have a negative effect on the production of some of the aromatic volatiles in tomato fruits, indicating that ODO1 acts as an important regulator of the shikimate pathway, which leads to the production of the aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites derived from them. Key words: AroG, ODO1, tomato, metabolism, shikimate pathway

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