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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Grey Hole Attack”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Kaur, Rupinder, and Parminder Singh. "Review of Black Hole and Grey Hole Attack." International journal of Multimedia & Its Applications 6, no. 6 (2014): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijma.2014.6603.

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K., T. Gowdhami, and Nithya D. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SECURE VANET FRAMEWORK PREVENTING SINK HOLE AND GRAY HOLE ATTACK." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2017): 55–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495747.

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Vehicular Networks are considered as novel class of wireless networks, also called as VANET (Vehicular ad-hoc Networks). It is a key component of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANET technology is identified for improving road safety and transport efficiency. However, due to recent arise in security issues in VANET, VANETs must have a secure way for communication which is quite challenging and vital issue. This paper scrutinized the effects of packet loss in the network due to Sink Hole attack and Grey Hole Attack and also propositions a detection technique that competently detects both a

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C, Gowdham, and Dr Parvatham Vijay N. "Grey Hole Attack Detection and Prevention Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 8 (2020): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i8/20202452.

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Dr., Srinivas Ambala* Dr. Ravi Kumar Yeatha. "ANALYSIS AND REVIEW ON VARIOUS SECURITY ISSUES AND THEIR PREVENTION TECHNIQUES IN THE AD-HOC SENSOR NETWORKS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 2 (2017): 309–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.290263.

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Ad-hoc Sensor Networks (ASN) is the most demanded and happening research area now a day. Here mainly the security is important issue in ASN. The following paper describes process of communication in MANET, Security issues, Black hole attack, and Intrusion detection. In the mobile ad-hoc network the nodes keep travelling in its surrounded environment. In the process of data communication from source to destination the intermediate nodes plays important role. We know that MANET is most demanded and useful because of its decentralized and wireless infrastructre.Due to this nature it also faces so

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Jasvir, Markandy1 Manmohan Sharma2. "DIMINISH THE FLOODING ATTACK USING MUTUAL AUTHENTICATION IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 5 (2018): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1241365.

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Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes and dedicated routers used by base station. MANET application in mobility management, broad casting, and bandwidth management are important issue in routing and information gathering<strong>. </strong>In MANET, Different types of attack has been developed today which degrade the performance of network and makes it less efficient like SYN flooding, Black hole attack,Worm hole attack, Grey hole attack etc.In this paper, we are representing flooding attack proposed by various author inmobile ad-hoc network.

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J, Viji Gripsy, Jayanthiladevi A, Mahendiran N, and Sheela Rini A. "SRDAODV: A Hybrid Secure Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 32 (2023): 2574–79. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i32.1240.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To counteract grey hole and black hole attacks, the proposed method deploys a hybrid framework along with the Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. A modified protocol is called as SRDAODV (Secure Route Discovery-Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector). <strong>Methods:</strong> The proposed work establishes secure route from secure node discovery, which protects from sequential attacks. The proposed framework has three significant components Node Authentication, Secure Neighbor discovery and route establishment, and Node Isolat

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7

K., Thamizhmaran. "Effective Communication in Infrastructure less Wireless Network using PQ Scheduling Algorithm." Journal of Optoelectronics and Communication 5, no. 3 (2023): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088679.

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<i>The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in applications that are crucial to security is growing. They are vulnerable to a variety of security attacks due to their innate resource constraints, and one particular kind of attack that has a significant negative impact on data collecting is the grey-hole attack. Active Trust (AT), a security and trust routing mechanism based on active detection, is suggested for WSNs as a solution to that problem. The main novelty of Active Trust is that it improves the data route security in priority queuing in scheduling algorithm utilizing NS2 Simulator by

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8

Geete, Kanu, Piyush Kumar Shukla, and Anjana Jayant Deen. "A Survey on Grey Hole Attack in Wireless mesh Networks." International Journal of Computer Applications 95, no. 23 (2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/16736-7019.

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Shiranzaei, Atena, and Farhad Khoshbakht. "A Novel Detection Method for Grey Hole Attack in RPL." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 7s (2023): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i7s.7027.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a type of network that involves the Internet and things. This network consists of constrained devices that are connected through an IP protocol. In the IoT, a network with constrained devices is called 6LowPAN. RPL is a routing protocol to address the constraints and specific properties of these networks; though RPL puts the networks at risk through a large variety of attacks. The urgent need to develop secure routing solutions is required. In this paper, we investigated grey hole attacks and presented a detection method to identify and isolate the malicious nod

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10

K., Thamizhmaran. "SCHEDULING ALGORITHM IN INFRASTRUCTURELESS NETWORK." Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering 5, no. 3 (2023): 16–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147509.

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<i>Some of recent researchers interested in the field of sensor network based wireless field (WSN) because of very difficult to communication via air medium due to lack of problems in using same carrier channel in all communication and easy to attack for security issues like malicious attacks or misbehavioue attacks, Grey hole attacks, block hole attacks, etc. In truest based path not easy to fine this drawbacks overcome we proposed and implement one type of scheduling algorithm called shortest first job with help of infrastructure less network. This leading algorithm is overcome above is

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D, Sivaganesan. "A Data Driven Trust Mechanism Based on Blockchain in IoT Sensor Networks for Detection and Mitigation of Attacks." March 2021 3, no. 1 (2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jtcsst.2021.1.006.

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Utilization of smart applications in various domains is facilitated pervasively by sensor nodes (SN) that are connected in a wireless manner and a number of smart things. Hazards due to internal and external attacks exist along with the advantages of the smart things and its applications. Security measures are influenced by three main factors namely scalability, latency and network lifespan, without which mitigation of internal attacks is a challenge. The deployment of SN based Internet of things (IoT) is decentralized in nature. However, centralized solutions and security measures are provide

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12

Chinnaraju, Gowdham, and S. Nithyanandam. "Grey Hole Attack Detection and Prevention Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks." Computer Systems Science and Engineering 42, no. 1 (2022): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/csse.2022.020993.

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K., Thamizhmaran, and Venkatasubramanian P. "A Review of Weighted Fair Queuing based Scheduling Algorithm in Wireless Network." Journal of Advancement in Electronics Design 5, no. 3 (2022): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350636.

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<em>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are progressively being sent in security-basic applications. They are susceptible to a variety of security attacks due to their inherent resource-constrained nature, including a Grey hole attack, which has a significant impact on data collection. An active detection-based security and trust routing scheme called Active Trust is proposed for WSNs to overcome this obstacle. The most significant innovation of Active Trust is that it avoids black holes by actively creating a number of detection routes to quickly detect and acquire nodal trust, thereby improving

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14

GAO, Boqi, Takuya MAEKAWA, Daichi AMAGATA, and Takahiro HARA. "Detecting Reinforcement Learning-Based Grey Hole Attack in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E103.B, no. 5 (2020): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2019ebp3151.

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Majumder, Sudipta, and Md Anwar Hussain. "Effects of Grey-Hole Attack onP2P Based Video on Demand (VoD) Services." International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 55, no. 1 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v55p101.

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Hothefa Shaker Jassim, Rahil Khamis AL Majizi, Zeyad Tariq Sharef, and Seemaa Abbas Jawdat. "Black-hole and DoS attack detection analysis and isolation mechanism for black-hole in MANET." Open Access Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 1 (2024): 001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjet.2024.7.1.0026.

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A mobile ad-hoc network is a network without infrastructure where communication between nodes occurs in an open medium, such as the air. This makes it susceptible to eavesdropping and various attacks, which can be categorized as data traffic attacks (such as black-hole, grey-hole, DoS, etc.) and control traffic attacks (such as worm-hole, hello flood, man-in-the-middle, etc.). This NS2 experimental simulation compares the disruption effects of black-hole and DoS attacks in an identical network using the AODV routing protocol. The simulation aims to observe and analyze parameters such as packet

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17

Gowdham, C., and S. Nithyanandam. "A Rule-Based Approach for Grey Hole Attack Prediction in Wireless Sensor Networks." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 35, no. 3 (2023): 3815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.031876.

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Shaikh, Uzma, and Arokia Paul Rajan. "Intrusion detection and avoidance of black and grey hole attacks using AODV protocol based MANET." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.2 (2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.2.9020.

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Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a mobile network which has a large scale of self-directed nodes which is powerful to form a short-term means of communication network, without any use of prior communications. Due to its uniqueness like partial resources, varying loops and shortfall of controlling the networks, these networks are exposed to diverse network layer issues. The “Ad hoc on demand distance vector” is a self-starting directing procedure whose security is compromised with the distinct form of attack named as “Black-Hole” and “Grey Hole” attacks. This “malicious node” publicize as such,

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Bannikuppe Srinivasiah, Venkatesh Prasad, Roopashree Hejjaji Ranganathasharma, and Venkatesh Ramanna. "Multi-objective-trust aware improved grey wolf optimization technique for uncovering adversarial attacks in WSNs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 36, no. 1 (2024): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i1.pp375-391.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) is made of several sensor nodes (SN) that monitor various applications and collect environmental data. WSNs are essential for a wide range application, including healthcare, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring. However, these networks are susceptible to several security threats, underscoring the need for robust attack detection systems. Therefore, in this study, a multi-objective-trust aware improved grey wolf optimization (M-TAIGWO) is implemented to mitigate various attacks types. This implemented M-TAIGWO method is used to select secure cluster

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Venkatesh, Prasad Bannikuppe Srinivasiah Roopashree Hejjaji Ranganathasharma Venkatesh Ramanna. "Multi-objective-trust aware improved grey wolf optimization technique for uncovering adversarial attacks in WSNs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 36, no. 1 (2024): 375–91. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i1.pp375-391.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) is made of several sensor nodes (SN) that monitor various applications and collect environmental data. WSNs are essential for a wide range application, including healthcare, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring. However, these networks are susceptible to several security threats, underscoring the need for robust attack detection systems. Therefore, in this study, a multi-objective-trust aware improved grey wolf optimization (M-TAIGWO) is implemented to mitigate various attacks types. This implemented M-TAIGWO method is used to select secure cluster

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K.Thamizhmaran. "Efficient Non-Base-Station based Wireless Communication in MANET." Advancement of Signal Processing and its Applications 8, no. 1 (2025): 9–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14650658.

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<em>Due to their intrinsic resource-constrained nature, air medium-based dipole networks have become more prevalent in security-critical applications. As a result, they are vulnerable to a variety of security threats, one of which is the Grey-hole attack, which has a significant impact on data collecting. An active detection-based security and trust routing mechanism called Active Trust is suggested for WSNs in order to overcome that difficulty. NS2 Simulator is used to route security in priority queuing in the scheduling method. In order to achieve quality of service (QoS), the performance of

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22

Choudhary, Ashutosh Kumar, and Surendra Rahamatkar. "FATMLPGS: Design of a fault-aware trust establishment model for low-power IoT deployments via generic lightweight sidechains." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 44, no. 6 (2023): 9183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-223316.

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DoS, GH, Sybil, Masquerading, Spoofing, Man in the Middle, etc. constantly attack IoT networks. Internal or external attacks reduce end-to-end delay, throughput, energy use, and other metrics. To counter these attacks, researchers have proposed a number of security & privacy mechanisms with varying computational complexity and security levels. Immutability, traceability, transparency, and distributed nature make blockchain-based models secure. QoS depends on blockchain length, so these models aren’t scalable. Researchers say sidechaining improves QoS while remaining secure. Splitting or me

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Ancy Breen, W., S. Durga Devi, E. Sushmitha, and V. Suveetha. "Reducing the Effectiveness of Gray-Hole Attack in Manet." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19213.

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MANET is the mobile ad-hoc network. Security is very important especially when transmitting the data packets from one node to another. MANET is constructed by grouping mobile wireless nodes with no fixed infrastructure. In order to forward the packets, all the nodes in the network must cooperate with each other, so that the nodes beyond the radio ranges can communicate. Each node acts as a router and MANET is infrastructure-less networks. Hence, MANET is open to more security attacks such as Gray-hole attack, Black-hole attack and worm-hole attack. Due to the dynamism in network topology, MANE

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Ramachandran, Dhanagopal, Sasikumar S, Vallabhuni Rajeev Ratna, et al. "A Low-Latency and High-Throughput Multipath Technique to Overcome Black Hole Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MTBD)." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8067447.

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Security in MANETs is a highly contentious topic in the field of network management. The availability and functionality of a MANET might be compromised by a variety of attacks. One of the most prevalent active attacks used to degrade network speed and reliability is the black hole attack, which leads the compromised agent to discard all data packets. The purpose of a black hole node is to trick other access points into thinking that they must use their node as their route to a certain destination. The black hole node in a cable network cannot be detected or eliminated in an AODV network. We im

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G., Vennila, and Arivazhagan D. "IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF AODV UNDER BLACKHOLE ATTACK IN MANET." International Journal of Engineering Research and Modern Education 2, no. 1 (2017): 150–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.814260.

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The Mobile Ad-hoc Network is an infrastructure-less network in which each mobile node can communicate with other node without any fixed network. In view of this, the networks are vulnerable to various kind of attacks such as black hole attack, gray hole attack etc. The black hole attack is one of the cruel attacks in Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET). The simulation is carried out using MATLAB and analyzes the black hole attack in Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and compared the performance of packet delivery ratio and delay with existing algorithm Hash_DSR. The result sho

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Raut, Deepali, and Kapil Hande. "Detection and Prevention of Gray Hole and Black Hole Attack in MANET." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 9 (2014): 5029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i9.2407.

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An Ad hoc network is the network with no fixed infrastructure. There is no central administrator so any node can come and move in and outside of the network in a dynamic manner. This makes it more dynamic and complex which makes it more prone to attacks. They can attack either active or passive. Some effects of malicious nodes are Denial of service, Routing table overflow, Impersonation, Energy consumption, Information disclosure etc. A black hole attack node attracts all packets by falsely claiming a fresh route to the destination node and absorbs them without forwarding them to destination.

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Kamil Ahmed, Ali, Mohanad Najm Abdulwahed, and Behnam Farzaneh. "A distributed trust mechanism for malicious behaviors in VANETs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1147-1155.

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<p>Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are one of the most important types of networks which are widely used in recent years. Along with all the benefits of Quality of Service (QoS) improvements, vulnerability analysis for this type of networks is an important issue. For instance, a Gray-hole attack decreases network performance. We proposed a novel solution to help to secure these networks against this vulnerability. The proposed method can detect and prevent the Gray-hole attack. Anywhere in the network, each node (vehicle) can distinguish between the Gray-hole attack and the failed lin

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Ali, Kamil Ahmed, Najm Abdulwahed Mohanad, and Farzaneh Behnam. "A distributed trust mechanism for malicious behaviors in VANETs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS) 19, no. 3 (2020): 1147–55. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1147-1155.

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Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are one of the most important types of networks which are widely used in recent years. Along with all the benefits of Quality of Service (QoS) improvements, vulnerability analysis for this type of networks is an important issue. For instance, a Gray-hole attack decreases network performance. We proposed a novel solution to help to secure these networks against this vulnerability. The proposed method can detect and prevent the Gray-hole attack. Anywhere in the network, each node (vehicle) can distinguish between the Gray-hole attack and the failed link. Some t

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B.Sandhya Rani, Et al. "Comprehensive Trust based Routing Protocol to Mitigate Black-hole attack in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 3301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9531.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensor nodes, that sense environmental data and send it to the administrator for further processing. Sensor nodes are wireless devices with limited battery and are vulnerable to security attacks such as black hole attack, gray hole attack, sink hole attack etc. Researchers have proposed many security mechanisms to mitigate security attacks. Trust based approaches have gained tremendous interest among researchers to embed security in WSNs. A Trust Based Secure Routing Protocol to mitigate black hole attack is presented in this paper. The protocol

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Trivedi, Munesh C., and Sachin Malhotra. "Identification and Prevention of Joint Gray Hole and Black Hole Attacks." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 10, no. 2 (2019): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaci.2019040106.

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Ad-hoc networks consist of a set of autonomous communicating devices that can communicate with each other by establishing multi-hop radio connections, and these connections are maintained in a localized manner. In these types of networks, especially where the nature of communicating nodes is mobile, e.g., MANETs, maintaining security remains a serious challenge due to their wireless, open, and shared communication medium, reliance on cooperative algorithms, dynamically adaptable topologies, an absence of centralized watching points, etc. Most of the existing protocols, utilized for routing in

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Gurung, Shashi, and Siddhartha Chauhan. "Performance analysis of black-hole attack mitigation protocols under gray-hole attacks in MANET." Wireless Networks 25, no. 3 (2017): 975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1639-2.

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Zhao, Min, Danyang Qin, Ruolin Guo, and Guangchao Xu. "Efficient Protection Mechanism Based on Self-Adaptive Decision for Communication Networks of Autonomous Vehicles." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (June 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2168086.

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The communication network of autonomous vehicles is composed of multiple sensors working together, and its dynamic topology makes it vulnerable to common attacks such as black hole attack, gray hole attack, rushing attack, and flooding attack, which pose a threat to the safety of passengers and vehicles; most of the existing safety detection mechanisms for a vehicle can only detect attacks but cannot intelligently defend against attacks. To this end, an efficient protection mechanism based on self-adaptive decision (SD-EPM) is proposed, which is divided into the offline phase and the online ph

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Panda, Niranjan, and Binod Kumar Pattanayak. "Defense Against Co-Operative Black-hole Attack and Gray-hole Attack in MANET." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.4 (2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.4.16752.

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Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) can be termed as an autonomous system created by the collaboration of a set of motile nodes communicating with one another through available wireless media and each node behaves as an end system, as well as a router for packet forwarding. Each node is allowed to move freely, change locations and configure them to form a network. Finding an optimal and efficient path between the sender and receiver node is the main aim of routing protocols. Multipath routing protocols show a better result in comparison to single path routing protocols, for data transmission from

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Younas, Shamim, Faisal Rehman, Tahir Maqsood, Saad Mustafa, Adnan Akhunzada, and Abdullah Gani. "Collaborative Detection of Black Hole and Gray Hole Attacks for Secure Data Communication in VANETs." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 12448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312448.

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Vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) are vital towards the success and comfort of self-driving as well as semi-automobile vehicles. Such vehicles rely heavily on data management and the exchange of Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) for external communication with the environment. VANETs are vulnerable to a variety of attacks, including Black Hole, Gray Hole, wormhole, and rush attacks. These attacks are aimed at disrupting traffic between cars and on the roadside. The discovery of Black Hole attack has become an increasingly critical problem due to widespread adoption of autonomous and connect

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Yazdanypoor, Mohammad, Stefano Cirillo, and Giandomenico Solimando. "Developing a Hybrid Detection Approach to Mitigating Black Hole and Gray Hole Attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Applied Sciences 14, no. 17 (2024): 7982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14177982.

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have revolutionized wireless communications by enabling dynamic, infrastructure-free connectivity across various applications, from disaster recovery to military operations. However, these networks are highly vulnerable to security threats, particularly black hole and gray hole attacks, which can severely disrupt network performance and reliability. This study addresses the critical challenge of detecting and mitigating these attacks within the framework of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. To tackle this issue, we propose a robust hybrid detection meth

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Elizabeth, Nayana. "Detection Mechanisms for Gray-hole Attacks in MANET and their Limitations to Overcome Smart Gray-hole Attack : A Review." International Journal of Wireless Communications and Network Technologies 8, no. 3 (2019): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijwcnt/2019/03832019.

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Talukdar, Md Ibrahim, Rosilah Hassan, Md Sharif Hossen, Khaleel Ahmad, Faizan Qamar, and Amjed Sid Ahmed. "Performance Improvements of AODV by Black Hole Attack Detection Using IDS and Digital Signature." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (March 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6693316.

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In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), mobile devices connect with other devices wirelessly, where there is no central administration. They are prone to different types of attacks such as the black hole, insider, gray hole, wormhole, faulty node, and packet drop, which considerably interrupt to perform secure communication. This paper has implemented the denial-of-service attacks like black hole attacks on general-purpose ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol. It uses three approaches: normal AODV, black hole AODV (BH_AODV), and detected black hole AODV (D_BH_AODV), wherein we observe

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Simon, Bobby K., and Anjana P Nair. "A Survey for Analyzing & Preventing of Gray-hole Attack Minimization for OLSR Based Network." International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science 7, no. 02 (2018): 23551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v7i2.06.

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Ad-hoc networks are quite popular for especially on networks network (MANETs, IoT, VANETs, and so forth.), identification &mitigation procedures are only functioning after the attack was initiated Prevention, however, attempts of an attack can be monitored before it is executed. This survey gives us knowledge about how attacks are been analyzed with this two strategies can be acknowledged either by the aggregate collaboration of network nodes or by internal detection of the attack state. It also shows the method for minimizing the gray-hole DoS attack and how to reduce the count of number

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Kudrenko, S. O., and A. L. Stoliar. "Security mechanisms for AODV and E-AODV protocols against black hole and gray tunnel attacks." Problems of Informatization and Management 1, no. 81 (2025): 119–25. https://doi.org/10.18372/2073-4751.81.20137.

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This paper investigates the security vulnerabilities of the AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and E-AODV (Enhanced AODV) routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), focusing on two common attack types: black hole and gray tunnel attacks. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to examine how these attacks affect routing reliability, packet delivery, and network performance. E-AODV is evaluated as an improved protocol incorporating adaptive trust mechanisms, response timing analysis, and behavioral monitoring to mitigate malicious node interference. A simulation framework is imple

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Usman, Auwal Bello, Khalid Haruna, and Ibrahim Muhammad. "A Framework for Mitigating Gray Hole Attack On Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Kasu Journal of Computer Science 1, no. 3 (2024): 661–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47514/kjcs/2024.1.3.0019.

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posing a significant challenge to network performance and reliability. In a gray hole attack, a malicious node selectively drops packets while forwarding others, leading to increased packet loss and latency. This paper presents a novel Gray Hole Prevention algorithm designed to detect and mitigate the effects of such attacks, thereby enhancing the security and efficiency of MANETs. The proposed algorithm integrates existing techniques, specifically the Secure Detection Prevention and Elimination Gray Hole (SDPEGH) approach, with proactive measures to improve detection accuracy and minimize the

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Bhan, Anshu. "GRAY HOLE ATTACK ON HYBRID 5G NETWORK." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 8, no. 7 (2017): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v8i7.4265.

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Dixit, Sweta, Krishna Kumar Joshi, and Neelam Joshi. "A Review: Black Hole and Gray Hole Attack in MANET." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 8, no. 4 (2015): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2015.8.4.28.

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S.Sivagurunathan and K.Prathapchandran. "TRUST BASED SECURITY MODEL TO WITHSTAND AGAINST BLACK HOLE AND GREY HOLE ATTACKS IN MILITARY BASED MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS." International Journal of Mobile Network Communications & Telematics (IJMNCT) 6, no. 1 (2016): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijmnct.2016.6101.

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Significant features of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks make it suitable for modern military communication. These characteristics also weaken the security aspects in terms of attacks. Among the attacks, black hole and grey hole attacks are notable since they are launched internally and cannot be identified easily. The military communication requires confidential information sharing, ensuring correct identity of soldiers but offering such facility in military based MANET is difficult due to its unique nature. As providing authentication is a first form of security, in this article we propose a trust bas

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S.Sivagurunathan and K.Prathapchandran. "TRUST BASED SECURITY MODEL TO WITHSTAND AGAINST BLACK HOLE AND GREY HOLE ATTACKS IN MILITARY BASED MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS." International Journal of Mobile Network Communications & Telematics (IJMNCT) 6, no. 1 (2016): 1 to 16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609524.

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Significant features of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks make it suitable for modern military communication. These characteristics also weaken the security aspects in terms of attacks. Among the attacks, black hole and grey hole attacks are notable since they are launched internally and cannot be identified easily. The military communication requires confidential information sharing, ensuring correct identity of soldiers but offering such facility in military based MANET is difficult due to its unique nature. As providing authentication is a first form of security, in this article we propose a trust bas

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Zalte, S. S., K. Kamat R., and R. Ghorpade V. "Mitigation of DDoS Attack in MANET." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 6 (2020): 410–13. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E95400.089620.

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This paper discusses an improved mechanism to mitigate the DDoS attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) without compromising the packet delivery ratio. MANET inherently has geographically sparse mobile nodes more vulnerable to various attackers more radically the DDoS type. Moreover it emanates open medium, absence of centralized authority, lack of clear line of defense that leads to more vulnerability towards secure environment. Since there are no hindrances for non-legitimate nodes, which allows them to freely enter and exit from the network at anytime, various active attacks like black hole

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Rathee, Geetanjali, and Hemraj Saini. "Security Against Network Layer Attacks for Hierarchal Mesh Environments." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 13, no. 2 (2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2018040105.

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This article aims to secure a routing mechanism by completing amendments in previously proposed efficient secure routing (ESR) protocols against networking layer attacks in mesh networking environments. Along with generating the tickets to prove the authenticity of communicating clients, each node proves the legitimacy of its succeeding node by computing the behaviour. The intermediate nodes selected for routing the data packets proves the legitimacy of each other by getting the passive acknowledgement process within a predefined time to live (TTL) time. Further, grey hole and black hole attac

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S, Dhanabal, Dr Amudhavalli P, Dr Prasanna Venkatesan G. K. D, and Dr Prasanna Venkatesan G. K. D. "An energy efficient flexible delay tolerant network with adaptive secured framework (ASF-DTN)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (2018): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12485.

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Delay tolerant networks are widely used in mobile communications because of network withstanding capability of delay. However, when the connectivity of nodes increases, data loss may occur while transmission. Due to the malicious behavior of nodes the data may get permanently lost, which is known as black hole attacks and there is a chance to partial data loss because of the lower energy level of a node, which is known as a gray hole attack. In existing work, the data capacity of a node is not limited, so most of the highly energy efficient node contains a huge amount of data, when compared to

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Khan, Shafiullah, Muhammad Altaf Khan, and Noha Alnazzawi. "Artificial Neural Network-Based Mechanism to Detect Security Threats in Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 24, no. 5 (2024): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051641.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are essential in many areas, from healthcare to environmental monitoring. However, WSNs are vulnerable to routing attacks that might jeopardize network performance and data integrity due to their inherent vulnerabilities. This work suggests a unique method for enhancing WSN security through the detection of routing threats using feed-forward artificial neural networks (ANNs). The proposed solution makes use of ANNs’ learning capabilities to model the network’s dynamic behavior and recognize routing attacks like black-hole, gray-hole, and wormhole attacks. CICIDS

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Prabhakar, Anjana, and Tricha Anjali. "Gray Hole Attack as a Byzantine Attack in a Wireless Multi-Hop Network." Journal of Applied Security Research 15, no. 1 (2019): 116–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2019.1669988.

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Singh, Lokeshwar, and Ashish Sharma. "Prevention of Gray Hole Attack Using ABC and Fuzzy Logic." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 8 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i8.8.

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There are many advantages and reasons for wireless sensor network to be popular. The key concern while establishing wireless sensor network (Mobile ad-hoc network) is the routing protocol to be applied. Routing process is the process of discovering the path that a data packet will follow to get it from the source node to the destination node. As the mobile ad-hoc network consists of mobile nodes with no controlling unit in which each and every step of communication is handled by the nodes within the network itself. The selection of routing protocol is one of the difficult tasks and the key cha

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