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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Greywater”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Ungvári, Csaba, Andrea Izbéki-Szabolcsik, and Ildikó Bodnár. "Analysis of Greywater Samples Treated by Filtration." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 9, no. 1 (2018): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2018.09.57.

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Abstract In our research we pre-treated synthetically produced greywaters with filtration on various filters. We characterised the quality of greywater samples using several parameters. We investigated these parameters on the untreated and pre-treated samples as well. We evaluated the efficiency of the treatments by measuring the characteristic parameters. It was shown that the most effective pre-treatment for the greywater’s preparation for reuse is filtration on silica sand or activated charcoal and silica sand combined filter media.

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Mouli, K. Chandra, K. Jyothsna, V. Appalakonda, Muntadar Muhsen, and Vinod Balmiki. "Assessment of physiochemical properties of grey water." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 11016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456411016.

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Greywater, a type of domestic wastewater, is a potential solution to global water shortages, which are expected to affect 2.7 billion people by 2025. Greywater is safer to handle and treat than black water, making it suitable for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and landscaping. It also promotes ecologically sustainable development by reducing freshwater extraction, energy use, and chemical pollution. The process of processing greywater involves considering factors like biological oxygen demand, surfactants, oil and grease, and detergent residues. This study was evaluated greywater’s phys

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Sabara, Zakir, Aswariani Anwar, Setyawati Yani, et al. "Activated Carbon and Coconut Coir with the Incorporation of ABR System as Greywater Filter: The Implications for Wastewater Treatment." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14021026.

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Greywater refers to wastewater generated from domestic activities, which do not contain fecal contamination. Therefore, this study aims to treat greywater in Makassar city to speed up the water cycle and enable reuse, as an environmental conservation strategy. The water parameters measured were pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). According to the results, the greywater’s BOD, COD, and TTS contents were 49.98 to 54.88 mg/L, 509 to 655 mg/L, and 404.40 to 464.65 mg/L, respectively, all of which exceed WHO wastewater qualit

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Cecconet, Daniele, Silvia Bolognesi, Luca Piacentini, Arianna Callegari, and Andrea Capodaglio. "Bioelectrochemical Greywater Treatment for Non-Potable Reuse and Energy Recovery." Water 13, no. 3 (2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030295.

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Greywater normally represents the largest fraction of wastewater generated in buildings and may be suitable for non-potable reuse after on-site treatment. Conventional technologies for greywater treatment include sequencing batch reactors, membrane filtration, and membrane biological reactors. Even though these can be very effective, they are highly energy consuming and may negatively impact the energy balance of the building where they are installed. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a sustainable technology for contaminant removal and energy production from a variety of substrates.

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Abeer, Albalawneh, and Chang Tsun-Kuo. "REVIEW OF THE GREYWATER AND PROPOSED GREYWATER RECYCLING SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION REUSES." International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah 3, no. 12 (2017): 16–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.848574.

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In this study, we reviewed greywater characteristics and various treatment technologies with the aim of coming up with the schematic of greywater recycling system designed specifically for restricted agricultural irrigation reuse. Characteristics of greywater are highly variable; greywater amount varies from 50% to 80% of the wastewater volume produced by households. All types of greywater show good biodegradability in terms of COD: BOD5 ratios. The ratio of BOD5/COD in greywater ranged from 0.31 to 0.71. Most countries apply the same standards to reclaimed municipal wastewater as they do to g

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Albalawneh, Abeer, and Tsun-Kuo Chang. "REVIEW OF THE GREYWATER AND PROPOSED GREYWATER RECYCLING SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION REUSES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 12 (2015): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i12.2015.2882.

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In this study, we reviewed greywater characteristics and various treatment technologies with the aim of coming up with the schematic of greywater recycling system designed specifically for restricted agricultural irrigation reuse. Characteristics of greywater are highly variable; greywater amount varies from 50% to 80% of the wastewater volume produced by households. All types of greywater show good biodegradability in terms of COD: BOD5 ratios. The ratio of BOD5/COD in greywater ranged from 0.31 to 0.71. Most countries apply the same standards to reclaimed municipal wastewater as they do to g

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Lanchipa-Ale, Teresa, Ana Cruz-Baltuano, Nahuel Molero-Yañez, Samuel Chucuya, Bertha Vera-Barrios, and Edwin Pino-Vargas. "Assessment of Greywater Reuse in a University Building in a Hyper-Arid Region: Quantity, Quality, and Social Acceptance." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (2024): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16073088.

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Since Tacna is a hyper-arid region, greywater is a potential alternative water source. This study aimed to quantify and characterize greywater in a university building with 732 students, as well as assess their perception of greywater reuse. Water meters were used to calculate greywater quantity. To assess untreated greywater quality, physical–chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed. Questionnaires were used to measure students’ acceptance regarding greywater reuse using a Likert scale. The greywater quantity recorded in this study was 426.85 L/d, which is less than reported in p

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Nondlazi, Sinoyolo, Nosiphiwe Ngqwala, Bongumusa M. Zuma, Paul K. Mensah, and Roman Tandlich. "Effect of fly ash-lime treatment on the acute toxicity of greywater towards Daphnia magna." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 18, no. 1 (2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2019-0008.

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Abstract Acute toxicity of raw and treated greywater towards Daphnia magna was assessed in this study. Treatment was performed with exposure of greywater to the fly-lime mixture After 48 h of exposure, 100 % mortality of D. magna was recorded when testing the following volumetric fractions of the raw greywater streams in the tested liquid medium (%; v/v): 10 % for kitchen greywater, 5 – 10 % for bathroom greywater and 1.25 – 10 % for laundry greywater. After greywater treatment with the fly-ash-lime mixture with pH adjustment to 7.0, 80 % of neonates of D. magna survived after exposure to trea

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Bakare, B. F., S. Mtsweni, and S. Rathilal. "Characteristics of greywater from different sources within households in a community in Durban, South Africa." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 7, no. 4 (2016): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2016.092.

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The reuse of greywater is steadily gaining importance in South Africa. Greywater contains pollutants that could have adverse effects on the environment and public health if the water is not treated before reuse. Successful implementation of any greywater treatment process depends largely on its characteristics in terms of the pollutant strength. This study investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of greywater from different sources within 75 households in a community in Durban, South Africa. The study was undertaken to create an understanding of greywater quality from different source

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Al-Mefleh, Naji K., Yahia A. Othman, Maher J. Tadros, Amani Al-Assaf, and Samer Talozi. "An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia." Horticulturae 7, no. 3 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030038.

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This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the

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Filali, Hanen, Narcis Barsan, Dalila Souguir, Valentin Nedeff, Claudia Tomozei, and Mohamed Hachicha. "Greywater as an Alternative Solution for a Sustainable Management of Water Resources—A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020665.

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In this paper, a comprehensive review on greywater is presented. Emphasis is given to the techniques used to treat and recover greywater, and special emphasis is placed on the risk of the existence of the novel coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2” in greywater and the possibility of its spread via the reuse of this water. In general, greywater is considered wastewater collected from domestic sources, with the exclusion of toilet water (which is considered as blackwater). Greywater represents 50 to 80% of the total volume of wastewater all over the world. This review provides various aspects related to gre

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Nyagatare, Guillaume, Christian Shingiro, and Claire Nyiranziringirimana. "Effect of domestic greywater reuse for irrigation on soil physical and chemical characteristics and tomatoes growth." Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) 115, no. 2 (2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jaeid-12069.

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This study aimed at determining the effect of laundry greywater on the growth of tomatoes and physical and chemical properties of a sandy loam Perrox in the Eastern province of Rwanda, Kayonza district, Mwiri sector. The experimental design consisted of plots planted with tomatoes (Lepersicon Esculantum) in a randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatments. Treatment 1: Tomatoes irrigated with pure greywater; Treatment 2: Tomatoes irrigated with a mixture of tap water and greywater at 1:1 ratio; Treatment 3: Alternation of greywater and tap water in a consecutive m

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Newcomer, Evan, Courtney Boyd, Laban Nyirenda, Emmanuel Opong, Shannon Marquez, and Rochelle Holm. "Reducing the burden of rural water supply through greywater reuse: a case study from northern Malawi." Water Supply 17, no. 4 (2017): 1088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.004.

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Greywater reuse has potential for non-potable applications that conserve freshwater resources in water-stressed areas especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The feasibility of reusing greywater for domestic activities in a rural area of Malawi, Africa, was evaluated from microbiological and public acceptance perspectives. Median Escherichia coli concentrations for eight domestic greywater sources (handwashing, laundry, runoff from a tap apron, bathing, cleaning a home/kitchen, cleaning a water collection container, washing plates and soaking vegetables) ranged from 100 to &gt;20,000 colony form

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Itzhari, Daniella, Weitao Shuai, Erica M. Hartmann, and Zeev Ronen. "Heterogeneous Antibiotic Resistance Gene Removal Impedes Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands for Effective Greywater Treatment." Antibiotics 13, no. 4 (2024): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040315.

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Microorganisms carrying antimicrobial resistance genes are often found in greywater. As the reuse of greywater becomes increasingly needed, it is imperative to determine how greywater treatment impacts antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Using qPCR and SmartChip™ qPCR, we characterized ARG patterns in greywater microbial communities before, during, and after treatment by a recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland. In parallel, we examined the impact of greywater-treated irrigation on soil, including the occurrence of emerging micropollutants and the taxonomic and ARG compositions of

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Anangadan, Shaheeda Marakkar, Snigdhendubala Pradhan, Jayaprakash Saththasivam, Gordon McKay, and Hamish Robert Mackey. "Evaluation of Greywater as a Sustainable Source of Irrigation for Ornamental Crops in Green Walls—A Study of Plant and Soil Using Ruellia tuberosa." Sustainability 16, no. 3 (2024): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16031183.

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Green walls and roofs are sustainable building systems with several benefits. However, the irrigation requirements of these building systems conflict with water sustainability goals in water-scarce places. This study investigates using greywater directly to irrigate ornamental species for such situations by examining the effects of freshwater and greywater irrigation on Ruellia tuberosa growth, plant health and soil characteristics. Five replicates for each condition were grown for 91 days. Greywater irrigation led to a 15% higher plant growth height, a 31% higher plant biomass (p = 0.065), an

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Shamim, S. K. "A Study of Characteristics of Greywater Generated from Different Sources of Residential Buildings." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 19, no. 4 (2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw220058.

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The objective of this study is to show how the characteristics of tap water influences the characteristics of the greywater generated from kitchen, bath shower, wash basin, and laundry apart from the usage pattern. Various quantitative techniques have been used to measure pH, alkalinities, hardness, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chloride, and electrical conductivity of greywater and tap water. The study shows that greywater generated from the laundry is more polluted as compared to greywater from other sources, which i

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Khotimah, Siti Nurul, Nur Anisa Mardhotillah, Nur Arifaini, and Sumiharni. "Karakterisasi Limbah Cair Greywater pada level Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Sumber Emisi." JURNAL SAINTIS 21, no. 02 (2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/saintis.2021.vol21(02).7876.

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[ID] Limbah cair greywater merupakan limbah cair hasil aktivitas dapur, pencucian pakaian dan kamar mandi. Produksi limbah greywater rumah tangga sekitar 70–75% dari total produksi limbah cair rumah tangga dengan kandungan polutan yang rendah. Terkait dengan tingginya volume produksi limbah cair greywater, limbah greywater berkontribusi sekitar 70-80% dalam pencemaran badan air. Namun demikian, volume produksi limbah greywater yang tinggi ini justru dapat dijadikan sumber alternatif baru air bersih jika dilakukan pengolahan limbah dengan baik dan tepat. Di dalam pengolahan limbah greywater ini

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Dwumfour-Asare, Bismark, Kwabena B. Nyarko, Helen M. K. Essandoh, Esi Awuah, Kofi K. A. Anim, and Archibald Quaye. "Greywater in the drains of a sewered community in Ghana." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 4 (2018): 965–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.103.

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Abstract With less than 5% sewerage coverage and abysmal greywater management, Ghana's environment could be highly polluted, especially water resources. The few sewered communities may be guilty of pollution from greywater discharge into stormwater drains. In this study, Asafo, Ghana, was used as a case study to assess greywater characteristics in the major drains in a sewered community. The approach involved desk study reviews and laboratory analysis of greywater samples. The findings showed some inhabitants discharge greywater into neighbourhood drains instead of sewers. Most greywater sourc

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Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira, Adel Al-Gheethi, Nasradeen A. Khalifa, et al. "Greywater Treatment using Pottery Waste Ceramic Filter." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 4 (2021): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(4)-12.

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Most village houses in Malaysia discharged lots of significant portion of greywater into stream or drains without any treatment. This phenomenon of direct disposal of greywater into the environment caused environmental risk, especially to water body. This study aimed to assess the quality and treatment of greywater discharge using pottery waste ceramic filter (PWCF) for safe disposal. Greywater samples were collected from 27 village households located at Kampung Parit Sempadan, Parit Raja using grab sampling method. Greywater was treated by using PWCF. The effectiveness of the PWCF was optimiz

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Malaza, Ntokozo, Simamnkele Magaba, and Philani Mpungose. "Remarks on sustainable disposal and potential reuse of greywater in an informal urban settlement, Cape Town, South Africa." Open Research Europe 4 (October 25, 2024): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17775.1.

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Background The disposal of greywater is a challenge for informal urban settlements that do not have a reticulation system to collect the wastewater they generate. Greywater, which includes domestic wastewater, represents a potential resource that can alleviate water stress if efficiently managed. This study aimed to provide sustainable disposal and potential reuse of greywater produced using informal settlements in Cape Town, South Africa. Greywater has the potential to contribute significantly to food security in such settlements by providing a source of both irrigation water and toilet flush

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Gross, A., N. Azulai, G. Oron, Z. Ronen, M. Arnold, and A. Nejidat. "Environmental impact and health risks associated with greywater irrigation: a case study." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 8 (2005): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0251.

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There is an increasing trend to use greywater for irrigation in households. This is partly due to the notion that greywater is of better quality than wastewater and therefore does not need extensive treatment beyond addressing public health issues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental impact and health risks associated with the use of greywater for irrigation on a small private farm. Over a three-year period, each of three plots on a farm was irrigated with either freshwater, fertilized water, or greywater. Irrigation water and soil from the plots were analyzed for a wide ran

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Kordana-Obuch, Sabina, Mariusz Starzec, Michał Wojtoń, and Daniel Słyś. "Greywater as a Future Sustainable Energy and Water Source: Bibliometric Mapping of Current Knowledge and Strategies." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020934.

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The use of greywater reduces the consumption of many resources and is an effective tool for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. In order to assess the rationality of its use as an alternative source of energy and water in buildings, a holistic literature review was carried out based on a bibliometric analysis of publications in these fields. The main bibliographic source was the Web of Science database. This review contributed to a better understanding of the analyzed research field. It also revealed trends in greywater energy recovery and recycling research, indicating that these are dev

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Mahzan, Norhidayatul Hikmee, Muhammad Faiz Amrie Ibrahim, Ahmad Jamalludin, and Shaiful Bakhtiar Hashim. "Prototype of Greywater Treatment using Arduino Uno." EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology 9, no. 2 (2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol9.2.6.2022.

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Water is one of our most precious resources and as much as wanted it to be, it is not an infinite resource. Water not only supports human life and activities but also helps to maintain the ecological structure. Water was used for everyday household purposes, such as bathing, dishes, flushing toilets, and washing machine. These activities are producing greywater. This project aims to develop the prototype of greywater treatment to conserve water and convert contaminated water from the washing machine (greywater) into clean water that can be used for watering the plants. Arduino Uno, pH sensor,

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Leiva, Eduardo, Carolina Rodríguez, Rafael Sánchez, and Jennyfer Serrano. "Light or Dark Greywater for Water Reuse? Economic Assessment of On-Site Greywater Treatment Systems in Rural Areas." Water 13, no. 24 (2021): 3637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243637.

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Water scarcity is causing a great impact on the population. Rural areas are most affected by often lacking a stable water supply, being more susceptible to the impact of drought events, and with greater risk of contamination due to the lack of appropriate water treatment systems. Decentralized greywater treatment systems for water reuse in rural areas can be a powerful alternative to alleviate these impacts. However, the economic feasibility of these systems must be thoroughly evaluated. This study reports an economic analysis carried out on the viability of greywater reuse considering scenari

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Romali, N. S., M. I. Jemail, N. A. A. Artino, and I. A. Mohamed. "Evaluating the potential of green roofs for greywater treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1444, no. 1 (2025): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1444/1/012001.

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Abstract Greywater, comprising household wastewater excluding toilet waste, represents a significant portion of daily wastewater. Effective greywater treatment is crucial to mitigate environmental pollution, especially when greywater flows directly into water bodies without clear controls, discharge limits, and treatment requirements. Nature-based solution (NBS) approaches, such as green roofs, are gaining popularity for their urban benefits and potential for greywater treatment. However, in Malaysia, the application and literature on green roofs are limited, primarily focusing on stormwater m

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Pratama, Moh Bara Wahyu, Eva Olivia Hutasoit, and Wahyu Satyaning Budhi. "Desain Ulang Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Greywater dan Sistem Penyaluran Air Limbah (SPAL) Domestik Pada Rusunawa Gunung Anyar Surabaya." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 8, no. 03 (2023): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsil.8.03.203-212.

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Rusunawa Gunung Anyar merupakan salah satu rumah susun 5 lantai yang dikelola oleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. Pada Rusunawa Gunung Anyar terdapat permasalahan IPAL yaitu greywater dari kamar mandi langsung dialirkan ke drainase yang berdampak pada peningkatan pencemaran lingkungan. Selain itu juga terdapat penyumbatan pada pipa yang menyebabkan air meluap melalui kloset. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran volume tampung, dimensi unit pengolahan, minimum kemiringan dan beda elevasi dari hasil redesign instalasi pengolahan limbah greywater pada Rusunawa Gunung Anyar. Dalam peneliti

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Nel, N., and H. E. Jacobs. "Investigation into untreated greywater reuse practices by suburban households under the threat of intermittent water supply." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 4 (2019): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.055.

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Abstract Untreated greywater reuse at the household level is an accessible water source to supplement non-potable water requirements in times of emergency water curtailments but poses various risks to the consumer, the wider community, infrastructure and the environment. Little information is known about unregulated, untreated greywater reuse practices under emergency conditions in suburban communities where consumers have become accustomed to reliable potable water supplied via a pressurised, piped distribution system. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the sources of greywater used, coll

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Dwumfour-Asare, Bismark, Philomina Adantey, Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko, and Eugene Appiah-Effah. "Greywater characterization and handling practices among urban households in Ghana: the case of three communities in Kumasi Metropolis." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 4 (2017): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.229.

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Greywater management in Ghana receives little or no attention although untreated greywater is associated with environmental and public health risks. This paper assesses greywater characteristics and handling practices among urban households in three selected communities in Kumasi, the second largest city of Ghana. The study involved in-depth surveys (interviews and observations) with 90 households, and collection of 18 greywater samples from nine greywater sources for laboratory analysis. Average greywater generation is 43.36 ± 17 litres per capita per day, equivalent to 36% of average water c

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Sinclair, M., J. O'Toole, M. Malawaraarachchi, and K. Leder. "Household greywater use practices in Melbourne, Australia." Water Supply 13, no. 2 (2013): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.022.

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Research on the potential of greywater reuse to reduce urban tap water demand has focused mainly on permanently installed greywater treatment or irrigation systems. These may be readily implemented in new housing developments, but experience in Australia shows their uptake by established households in urban areas is low. The majority of households employ simple and temporary methods for greywater collection and use, but their behaviour has not been well documented. We characterised the greywater use practices of over 1,000 Melbourne households during a 5-year period (2007 to 2011) which includ

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Boros, N., A. Petrányi, D. Kocsis, and I. Bodnár. "Characterization of greywater sources on the base of organic content and microbial quality." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 5, no. 1 (2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.5.2014.1.4.

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Abstract The recycling of greywater for non-potable water applications, such as toilet flushing or irrigation, is a potential solution to reduce potable water consumption. To estimate the quality of raw greywater samples, we measured several physical, chemical and biological parameters. We used Hygiene Monitor test kits to determine microbiological presence in the samples. The greywater samples showed a high variability for all the measured parameters. In general, we found that greywater sources had lightly alkaline character with a considerable inorganic and organic content. About half of the

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Asmal, Idawarni, Edward Syarif, Samsuddin Amin, and Muhammad A. Walenna. "The Impact of the Environment and People’s Attitudes on Greywater Management in Slum Coastal Settlements." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 12 (2022): 2734–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-12-05.

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The rapid population growth in many countries will ultimately impact the provision of essential services and engender many challenges, such as inadequate sanitation. Indonesia has an extensive coastline and densely populated coastal areas that have grown sporadically, creating slums. These areas have long been associated with poor greywater management. Greywater is dumped into beaches, roads, and yards without pre-treatment, thus harming the environment and society. This study aims to identify various factors influencing community actions to manage and overcome greywater-related problems in co

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Bakare, B. F., S. Mtsweni, and S. Rathilal. "A pilot study into public attitudes and perceptions towards greywater reuse in a low cost housing development in Durban, South Africa." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 6, no. 2 (2015): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.076.

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The benefits of greywater reuse have been identified to include the protection of water resources, recovery of nutrients for agriculture, savings in fresh water usage, reduction in volumes of wastewater discharged into wastewater treatment works, groundwater recharge and sustainable water resource management. An understanding of public attitude and perceptions towards the reuse of greywater will help to facilitate a positive reaction to the promotion of such concepts. The study involved administering of structured questionnaires to residents within the community through field visits. The quest

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Nikita, Rajpal, Divya Neetu, Sharma Shalini, J. Balasubramani K., and Kumar Ratan Jatinder. "Treatment of greywater using consortium of Micrococcus luteus, Rhodococcus equi and Aspergillus niger." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 97, Mar 2020 (2020): 478–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5654737.

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Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 011, Punjab, India Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Bangalore-560 067, India <em>E-mail</em>: kumarj@nitj.ac.in, drjkratan@gmail.com <em>Manuscript received online 08 November 2019, revised and accepted 10 January 2020</em> Greywater is a domestic wastewater excluding toilet waste. Greywater treatment and its reuse can contribute to the reduction of pressure on water resources, and lowering the demand for portable water for purposes that do not require water of high quality. The present study investigated the performa

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Ukwubile, Cletus Anes. "Microbial Analysis of Greywater from Local Bathrooms and Its Health Implications in Bali Local Government Area Taraba State Nigeria." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2, no. 1 (2014): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v2i1.5048.

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Due to reckless ways of disposing water from the baths in Nigerians Northern towns in Bali LGA Taraba State, which was caused by poor bathrooms occasioned by poverty, many lives had been lost from deaths caused by pathogenic microbes in these recklessly exposed used waters (greywater). Objective: This research was conducted in order to determine microbial contaminants of greywaters from local bathrooms in Bali LGA of Taraba State, Nigeria, and their potential threat to the lives of people in this LGA. Methods: Greywaters from bathrooms in ten (10) communities in Bali LGA were collected a

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Mumuni, Adejumo. "Knowledge and Perception on the Usage of Greywater for Backyard Cultivation of Native Herbs Among Residents of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Health and Environmental Research 11, no. 1 (2025): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20251101.12.

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Water scarcity is a growing concern in many metropolitan area, especially in Nigeria. As a result, non-potable uses like irrigation are increasingly depending on alternative water sources. A potential resource for urban gardening is greywater, which is wastewater from domestic tasks like laundry, bathing, and dishwashing. This is especially true when it comes to growing indigenous herbs that have nutritional, therapeutic, and cultural significance. Despite its potential, the acceptance and awareness of greywater reuse for irrigation remains limited. Therefore, this study documents knowledge an

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Maiga, Ynoussa, David Moyenga, Ken Ushijima, Mariam Sou, and Amadou Hama Maiga. "Greywater Characteristics In Rural Areas of the Sahelian Region for Reuse Purposes: The Case of Burkina Faso." Revue des sciences de l’eau 27, no. 1 (2014): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021981ar.

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Abstract The characteristics of greywater generated in two rural areas (“Barkoundba” and “Kologoudiessé”) located in the Sahelian region in Burkina Faso were assessed through observations in selected concessions, sample collection and laboratory analyses. The study aimed at characterizing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of greywater in order to evaluate its reuse potential for gardening in rural areas. The results showed that greywater is generated from 3 to 4 main sources with average daily productions of 8 ± 1 L•capita‑1•d‑1 in “Barkoundba” and 13 ± 3 L•capita‑1•d‑1 in Kolog

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Nyika, Joan, and Megersa Dinka. "THE PROGRESS IN USING GREYWATER AS A SOLUTION TO WATER SCARCITY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY." Water Conservation & Management 6, no. 2 (2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2022.89.94.

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Increased production of greywater prompted by the rise of urbanization and increased population in the industrial era is a growing environmental concern exacerbating the apparent water insecurity. Treatment and reuse of greywater is a promising solution to this problem since it will divert the use of limited freshwater resources to unavoidable consumptive uses. This study reviewed the various methods used to treat greywater and the progress made in taking up the practice in Kenya. Findings showed a variety of physicochemical treatment methods such as filtration, adsorption, coagulation and pho

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Turull, Marta, Gianluigi Buttiglieri, Valeria Vazquez, Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz, and Lúcia H. M. L. M. Santos. "Analytical upgrade of a methodology based on UHPLC-MS/MS for the analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds in greywater." Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 2, no. 3 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/wecn.2023.37.

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A multi-residue analytical methodology for the determination of 25 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), encompassing various chemical classes (hormones, antimicrobials, preservatives, plasticizers, stimulants, alkylphenolic compounds, anticorrosives, and organophosphorus flame retardants), has been upgraded for the analysis of greywater. The methodology is based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The optimized methodology achieved recoveries between 63% and 146% for all compounds, with MDLs ranging

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Veatch-Blohm, Maren E., Ellen Roussel, Eliana Marzullo, and Adeline Nagle. "Greywater as a Viable Alternative for Irrigation of 10 Fall-planted Spring-flowering Geophytes Forced for Early Spring Flowering." HortScience 58, no. 9 (2023): 1112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17247-23.

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The world population has topped 8 billion and water scarcity is rising because of the effects of climate change. The addition of plants to interior and exterior spaces has positive emotional, but questionable environmental, benefit when potable water sources are used for maintenance. To preserve potable water for human use, nonpotable resources, such as greywater, may be used as an alternative for the growth of ornamental plants. The purpose of the study was to determine the viability of using greywater for production of 10 fall-planted geophytes forced for early spring flowering. With very fe

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Lós, Réka, Andrea IzbékinéSzabolcsik, and Ildikó Bodnár. "Investigations of Detergents and Metal Components for Supporting the Effective Treatment of Greywater." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 13, no. 1 (2020): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2020.13.20.

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Abstract The aim of our research was to investigate the detergent content and several micro and macro elements in greywater samples, a necessary step in determining the water quality for the further reuse of the greywater. We determined the anionic detergent content of synthetic greywater with a two-phased titration method prepared in laboratory conditions. The current study leads to a new suggestion for a more accurate and reliable titrimetric method for determination of anionic detergent content of synthetic greywater samples. Following these investigations, we also examined the metal conten

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Wurochekke, A. A., R. M. S. Mohamed, A. A. Al-Gheethi, Hauwa Atiku, H. M. Amir, and H. M. Matias-Peralta. "Household greywater treatment methods using natural materials and their hybrid system." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 6 (2016): 914–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.054.

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Discharge of household greywater into water bodies can lead to an increase in contamination levels in terms of the reduction in dissolved oxygen resources and rapid bacterial growth. Therefore, the quality of greywater has to be improved before the disposal process. The present review aimed to present a hybrid treatment system for the greywater generated from households. The hybrid system comprised a primary stage (a natural filtration unit) with a bioreactor system as the secondary treatment combined with microalgae for greywater treatment, as well as the natural flocculation process. The rev

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Wurochekke, Anwaruddin Ahmed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Siti Asmah binti Lokman Halim, Amir Hashim bin Mohd Kassim, and Rafidah binti Hamdan. "Sustainable Extensive On-Site Constructed Wetland for some Bacteriological Reduction in Kitchen Greywater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1199.

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Malaysia is experiencing water pollution crisis recently. In particular, greywater discharge directly to drains. Therefore, a greywater treatment system was designed to overcome this drain pollution. To investigate the operation and performance of the treatment system, constructed wetland was designed and builds for a small single household. Lepironia Articulata was chosen for populating wetland. The wetland was supplied with kitchen greywater. The selected house is appropriate because it lacks proper drainage system. This study evaluates the characteristic of kitchen greywater before and afte

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Budeli, Phumudzo, and Linda Lunga Sibali. "Greywater Reuse: Contaminant Profile, Health Implications, and Sustainable Solutions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 5 (2025): 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050740.

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Global water scarcity is becoming an increasingly critical issue; greywater reuse presents a promising solution to alleviate pressure on freshwater resources, particularly in arid and water-scarce regions. Greywater typically sourced from household activities such as laundry, bathing, and dishwashing, constitutes a significant portion of domestic wastewater. However, the reuse of greywater raises concerns about the potential risks posed by its complex composition. Despite the growing body of literature on greywater reuse, most studies only focus on specific contaminants, thus there is a limite

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Gautam, Sneha, Lakshmi M. Makhitha, Anirudh Gupta, J. Brema, E. J. James, and Gajendran Chellaiah. "Treatment and Effective Utilization of Greywater: A Preliminary Case Study." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 1 (2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4010016.

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Greywater has been identified as a valuable alternative water source over recent years. Few practices (i.e., recycling and reuse) of greywater have attracted global attention in meeting the future water demand. However, essential parameters should be analyzed for reliable reuse and treatment. The present study addresses the possibilities of the alternative source with the treated greywater. Gravity—governed flow methods through a column containing gravel, sand, and activated carbon was applied. The quality of treated greywater from the university campus, which included physical, chemical, and

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Al Arni, Saleh, Mahmoud Elwaheidi, Alsamani A. M. Salih, Djamel Ghernaout, and Mohammed Matouq. "Greywater reuse: an assessment of the Jordanian experience in rural communities." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 6 (2022): 1952–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.080.

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Abstract Water conservation is a critical issue, particularly in arid countries and countries that suffer a lack of natural water resources. Jordan is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world; this fact has forced the search for alternative sustainable solutions. With the support of several regional and international organizations, tens of projects were implemented across the country over the past 30 years that aimed to reuse greywater in rural communities. The current review provides a wide overview of Jordan's experience in greywater treatment and its reuse for non-potable purpose

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Marwah, R. Rahmatiah, and S. Soedjono Eddy. "Study on Greywater Management Achievements in Sukolilo, Surabaya City." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 07, no. 07 (2024): 3587–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13141844.

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Improper greywater management degrades environmental quality and public health. Community-based Total Sanitation (STBM) aims for 100% open defecation-free (ODF) status and 50% greywater management. In 2023, Surabaya achieved 100% ODF, but greywater management targets remain unmet, especially in the sanitation-prone Sukolilo District. This research assesses greywater management in Sukolilo, focusing on technical and social aspects, and offers strategy recommendations. Surveys and interviews were conducted for primary data, with secondary data from relevant literature and regional documents. Dat

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Alao, Femi, Ajayi Johnson Oloruntade, Adewoye Alade Olanipekun, Daniel Uwumarogie Idusuyi, John Igeimokhia Braimah, and Opeyemi Bayode. "Efficiency of Constructed Wetland (CW) Established with Common Reed aimed at Greywater Treatment in Akure, Nigeria." ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD) 8, no. 1 (2025): 307–14. https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2025.0801.31-j.

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The growing scarcity of freshwater resources is becoming a significant concern in dry and semi-dry areas globally, underscoring importance of household greywater treatment to mitigate this issue. This study focused on evaluating the efficiency of a Constructed Wetland (CW) established with Phragmites australis for the treatment of greywater in Akure, Nigeria. Raw greywater was obtained from the Jadesola female hostel at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), and then underwent initial treatment in a 500-liter filtration reservoir that contained multiple layers of pebbles and fine

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Al-Gheethi, A. A., R. M. S. Radin Mohamed, A. N. Efaq, and M. K. Amir Hashim. "Reduction of microbial risk associated with greywater by disinfection processes for irrigation." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 3 (2015): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.220.

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Greywater is one of the most important alternative sources for irrigation in arid and semi-arid countries. However, the health risk associated with the microbial contents of these waters limits their utilization. Many techniques have been developed and used to generate a high microbiological quality of greywater. The main problem in the treatment of greywater lies in the nature of pathogenic bacteria in terms of their ability to survive during/after the treatment process. The present review focused on the health risk associated with the presence of pathogenic bacteria in greywater and the trea

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Thompson, Kyle A., R. Scott Summers, and Sherri M. Cook. "Development and experimental validation of the composition and treatability of a new synthetic bathroom greywater (SynGrey)." Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol. 3, no. 6 (2017): 1120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ew00304h.

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Hourlier, F., A. Massé, P. Jaouen, et al. "Membrane process treatment for greywater recycling: investigations on direct tubular nanofiltration." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (2010): 1544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.435.

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On-site greywater recycling and reuse is one of the main ways to reduce potable water requirement in urban areas. Direct membrane filtration is a promising technology to recycle greywater on-site. This study aimed at selecting a tubular nanofiltration (NF) membrane and its operating conditions in order to treat and reuse greywater in buildings. To do so, a synthetic greywater (SGW) was reconstituted in order to conduct experiments on a reproducible effluent. Then, three PCI NF membranes (AFC30, AFC40 and AFC80) having distinct molecular weight cut-offs were tested to recycle this SGW with a co

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