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Schaufelbuehl, Janick Marina. "La France et la Suisse, 1940-1954 : relations économiques, financières et politiques". Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082814.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis describes the relations between France and Switzerland, during the decisive period of their history : 1940-1954. Our study combines a macro-economic level of analysis with a qualitative approach, based on archival documents in France, Switzerland and the United States. Our research focuses an commercial and financial relations. On a commercial level, Swiss industry benefits from the temporary impairment of Germany to win solid grounds in the French machinery sector. France exports coal, iron and steel to Switzerland, even in times of extreme shortage, directly after the war. These forms of trade are directly linked to financial interests. Swiss banking credits are crucial on the French economy. Reciprocally, the enormous Franch assets that seek refuge in Switzerland from taxation and monetary instability are essential to the Swiss financial centre on its way to become one of the worlds leading centres for wealth management
Richomme, Paulette. "Une entreprise à l’épreuve de la guerre et de l’Occupation : la compagnie des machines Bull, 1939-1945". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100208.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouloc, François. "Les profiteurs de la Grande Guerre en France : histoire culturelle et socio-économique". Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20111.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween 1914 and 1918, in order to face with the huge requirements of a 52 months-long total war, a mixed system is improvised to manage supplies of raw materials, transport or even workers. The state put in orders to industrialists or go-betweens. As a result, working for the national defence is basically an opportunity of profits for many industrialists in different sectors. Both felt imagined, war profits quickly become unacceptable. After only a few months of conflict, vehement indignation in opposition of them can be found among large parts of the public opinion, even moderate. Denouncement is of course widespread among soldiers. A specific taxation can be seen as an answer to the imperious requests of the public opinion: it is implemented in july 1916, and it provides the unreleased archives for studying the topic considered here. Trying to recognize the part played both by fantasies and concrete realities lead to an objectified typology of the persons or firms actually enriched, more or less, because of the war
Alonzo, Anne. "La guerre est déclarée ! : La mobilisation industrielle à Toulouse pendant la Première Guerre mondiale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL062.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween 1914 and 1918, the implementation of industrial mobilization decreed by the Union sacrée's government profoundly transformed Toulouse. While the city remained less economically modernized in the 19th century, significant public investments devoted to the production of military equipment accelerated the development of its industry. Population faced difficulties, however, due to labor requisitions, shortages and rising prices. Unlike Germany, social movements which resulted from the deterioration in the standard of living in 1917 did not, however, call into question the consensus around the war effort, neither in Toulouse nor in France. The thesis studies the reasons for the success of setting up industrial mobilization as well as its execution. It shows that France had an institutional advantage and that it was able to rely on its democratic civic capital to preserve the political pact of his patriotic union. The negative growth rate of economic activity in Toulouse between 1914 and 1918 reflects the fact that the war effort was largely supported by businesses and workers. The State capacity and his action were reinforced by the adhesion of the populations to the program of the Union sacrée
Fraboulet, Danièle. "Entreprises et Occupation : la métallurgie dionysienne : 1937-1947". Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the life of metallurgical factories during world war ii. I limited my investigation to the saint-denis area as it is the most important town in the seine department. I delineated two directions of study, on the one hand, defining the specificity of the period on which french and german joint supervision left their imprint and, on the other hand, trying to assess the adaptability of the factories which had to deal with the shock of falling under that rule. My field of investigation includes metallurgy in the broadest sense of the term (ranging from equipment repair plants to heavy metallurgy via electrical construction) because of the prominent role it played in the german war economy and because it involves a large section of the working class of the Paris suburbs. My analysis of industrial, commercial and financial changes is based on the study of balance sheets and boards of director's reports. The study of the labor force is based on archives which, up to this point have been either scarcely examined or have remained untouched. By processing the data from 4 000 of the ccm sulzer workers' wage files, i was able to assess not only staff management policies and changes in the labor market situation but also the reactions of sulzer employees when confronted with requisitions, frozen wages and rationning. The war situation weighed heavily on the various companies, upsetting previously established situations, their sense of security and defined new labor relations. However, elements of continuity prevailed, if only in the short term and the war situation did not bring a reduction of the area's industrial network. Management, whether at local or regional level was
Trémoureux, Carl. "La Première Guerre mondiale, l'artillerie et l'industrialisation de la guerre". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL059.
Pełny tekst źródłaBefore the outbreak of the militarily clash, the Artillery was equipped in accordance with a doctrine ill-suited to recent conflicts and technical possibilities. When the imagined short war turns into a long war offering the possibility of adapting armaments and requiring massive consumption of projectiles, the governance of the production function enters into crisis. A change in mental patterns is needed. The establishment of an Under-Secretary of State for Artillery and Ammunition is a first step in this transformation. Albert Thomas adapts the governance of the production function of artillery equipment by setting up a program of needs, manufacturing and production factors, an industrial policy, as well as steering and control instruments. This new governance constitutes the heart of the governmental activity of steering the war economy, but the latter is not limited to this: it also includes the administration of all the nation's resources, whether labour, raw materials, energy, transportation or innovation capabilities. In the context of wartime parliamentarianism, it can be said that the realization of the idea of an industrial war gradually leads the country to establish a new political and economic regime. In parallel with this evolution, companies are adapting their operating methods to produce in large series; Armies are industrializing their destruction, protection, logistics and force restoration functions
Vacheron, Simon. "Mobiliser l’industrie textile (laine et coton). L’État, les entrepreneurs et les ouvriers dans l’effort de guerre, 1914-1920". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040139.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the World War I, the industries of the wool and the cotton find themselves pulled(entailed) in the industrial mobilization. The intervention of the State in these branches shows itself essential, and a new relation becomes established between the public authorities and the companies. The modification of the colour of the uniform, its wide distribution about eight million conscripts over four years and the loss of the industrial areas of the North and east lead to the putting under control of the State of almost all the wool trade, whereas the cotton industry remains independent until 1917. This relation extends to the imports of raw materials, with a progressive centralization which excludes any private business(trade), but associates traders and industrialists. Besides, the management of the workforce constitutes a daily challenge for companies. The need in workforce remains important, and the difficulties bound in working conditions and to the increased cost living trigger social tensions, in spite of the “Union sacrée” respected by labor unions. At the same time, the loss of the main industrial territories represents a chance of a lifetime for the other regions, among which those whose textile industry is on the decline before the war. The high demands of the army and the high prices of private trade yeld important profits, and lead the State to adopt a war tax system and to repress the abuses. The return of the stricken industries at the end the conflict, the question of war damage and reinstatement of Alsace-Lorraine put the textile industries in the face of radical changes
Vacheron, Simon. "Mobiliser l’industrie textile (laine et coton). L’État, les entrepreneurs et les ouvriers dans l’effort de guerre, 1914-1920". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040139.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the World War I, the industries of the wool and the cotton find themselves pulled(entailed) in the industrial mobilization. The intervention of the State in these branches shows itself essential, and a new relation becomes established between the public authorities and the companies. The modification of the colour of the uniform, its wide distribution about eight million conscripts over four years and the loss of the industrial areas of the North and east lead to the putting under control of the State of almost all the wool trade, whereas the cotton industry remains independent until 1917. This relation extends to the imports of raw materials, with a progressive centralization which excludes any private business(trade), but associates traders and industrialists. Besides, the management of the workforce constitutes a daily challenge for companies. The need in workforce remains important, and the difficulties bound in working conditions and to the increased cost living trigger social tensions, in spite of the “Union sacrée” respected by labor unions. At the same time, the loss of the main industrial territories represents a chance of a lifetime for the other regions, among which those whose textile industry is on the decline before the war. The high demands of the army and the high prices of private trade yeld important profits, and lead the State to adopt a war tax system and to repress the abuses. The return of the stricken industries at the end the conflict, the question of war damage and reinstatement of Alsace-Lorraine put the textile industries in the face of radical changes
Soëte, Martine. "L'aryanisation économique : commissaires-gérants et administrateurs provisoires : Vichy, 1940-1944". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010632.
Pełny tekst źródłaRosenzweig, Françoise. "L'Oise allemande (25 juin 1940-2 septembre 1944) : impact économique et social dans le département". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082299.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Oise, one of the 95 main administrative divisions of France, was continually occupied by the german forces from june 25th, 1940 to september 2nd, 1944. The occupying forces' goal was to exploit the department's agricultural and industrial resources as well as its manpower. This exploitation took place in four steps : a disorganized looting until the end of 1940, a more rational spell of "modus vivendi" till spring 1942, an attempt to integrate the Oise department in total warfare up to march 1944, followed by the return of plundering from march to september 1944. It was also accompanied by the persecution, despoilment and extermination of the department Jews. Hit by bombings and acts of sabotage, from now deprived of means of transport and the whole of its production stopped, at the time of Liberation, the department has been bled white
Dreyfus, Jean-Marc. "L'aryanisation économique des banques : la confiscation des banques "juives" en France sous l'occupation et leur restitution à la libération, 1940-1952". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010628.
Pełny tekst źródłaKorma, Eleni. "Les réfugiés grecs d'Asie Mineure en France entre émigration politique et immigration économique 1916-1939". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010529.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaurent, Benoit. "L' évacuation de 1939-1940 pour les départements du Bas-Rhin, du Haut-Rhin et de la Moselle : Etude juridique, économique et sociale". Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/LAURENT_Benoit_2011.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evacuation of Alsace-Moselle (Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin and Moselle) in 1939-40, with about 700. 000 displaced persons, is one of the most underestimated chapters in modern history. This thesis deals with the evacuation and temporary habitation of the displaced population in the Southwest and with its return. The concept of evacuation is defined first and foremost before approaching the political context at the time and the preparations for the operation. The first part of this paper discusses the conditions in which the evacuation and settlement unfolded, drawing on testimonies from diverse sources. As a result of the evacuation, the departmental and communal administrations were significantly reshaped. In the second part, the paper deals with the economic and social consequences of the event. The Armistice of 1940 signed by France and Germany signalled the return of a great majority of the evacuees to their region of origin. The German administration also imposed conditions of return, using a harsh filtering process. Moreover, the Germans erased all traces of French presence. The thesis then approaches the issue of compensation, assistance perceived by the evacuees, as well as the payment of requisitions ordered by civil and military authorities. This paper is not concerned with judging the legitimacy of the evacuation. Rather, with the aid of numerous archival documents, it demonstrates the incoherence of an operation which, in theory, appeared flawless. Three main reasons can be attributed for this: the lack of material means, the lack of cohesion between civil and military authorities and, in particular, the lack of preliminary information to the concerned population
Luguern, Liêm-Khê. "Les « Travailleurs Indochinois » : étude socio-historique d'une immigration coloniale (1939-1954)". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0042.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlain, Julien. "Les trains sanitaires en France pendant les guerres de 1870, de 1914-1918 et la campagne de mai-juin 1940". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA072039.
Pełny tekst źródłaPark, Ji-Hyun. "Les fondements de la "Révolution nationale" dans la posture du "juste milieu"". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010564.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrombois, Jean-François. "Camille Gutt et le gouvernement de Londres: aspects politiques, économiques et financiers de la participation belge à la Seconde Guerre mondiale". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211995.
Pełny tekst źródłaDurand, Sébastien. "Les entreprises de la Gironde occupée (1940-1944) : restrictions, intégrations, adaptations". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30049.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile the Phoney War occasioned a first confrontation with regulations and requisition, the signing of the Armistice marked the start of a complex period for the enterprises in occupied Gironde, in that it prompted a fruitful dialogue with the Vichy government and the German authorities. These enterprises faced a French German polycracy, which imposed new administrative and territorial executives on their activities. Enterprise became a real power issue. There were points of convergence (the aryanisation of “Jewish enterprises”, the remuneration of work) as there were of conflict (the control of the port, the concentration of production, the workers' departure for Germany). Moreover, the Vichy regime did all it could to make enterprise an ideological showcase (“Révolution Nationale”): ceremonies, support groups, corporatism, political associations, collaborationist movements. Armed with a formidable legislative and repressive arsenal, it managed – with the support of the Germans – to create a place of exclusion, from which were violently removed, any elements that were judged undesirable either for their political activities (communists) or for their religious affiliation, abusively qualified as “racial” (Jews). On the contrary, the strategy which consisted in making each establishment a place of integration of its ideals, was not met with much success. The attachment that the actors of the enterprises had for Maréchal Pétain himself, which was very real in the beginning, soon faded with the trials and constraints that the people of Gironde had to suffer. From this point of view, the social policy of the French State (“Charte du Travail”) did not allow it – with some exceptions – to “bring” employers and workers back to the Vichy realm. In a context of severe shortage (primary goods, labour and means of transport), enterprises in Gironde looked for alternatives to what we commonly call the “economic collaboration”: use of products of replacement, reconversion of activities, readjustment of the productive machine, development of illicit practices (black market). Few entrepreneurs, however, missed the business opportunity that lay in offering their services to the occupying forces. These services were widespread, but varied according to jobs, fields of activity and times of the Occupation. In this way, the occupying forces benefited, from the strengths of the local economic fabric, since they managed to integrate into their war economy not only the industries that had earlier been mobilized for the “Défense Nationale” but also the natural resources of the land: wood, resin, wine
Wilmouth, Philippe. "Le diocèse de Metz écartelé 1939-1945 : un évêque, son clergé et le peuple catholique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0349/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis presents a study of the catholic people of Moselle during the World War II which includes the episcopal hierarchy, the clergy, the congregations, the pious laity and the practitioners. It concerns as well the events occurring in Moselle than in the reception departments in the south of France after the evacuations from 1939-1940 and the expulsions from 1940-1941. The exhaustive study of the archives of the Bishopric, rather large because the priests have written a lot face to other sources and in particular German sources, helped to understand this two-headed that gives the Moselle particular interest since it was both face anti-Christian Nazi policy because of the annexation and the conciliatory policy towards the Church of the French State due to the transfer of more than a third of its population and half of the clergy and religious. This two-headed, sole in France, even in relation to Alsace itself annexed to the Reich, gives originality to the Church of Moselle. This study, priori regional, becomes national enrolling in those from 80’s upon the Church of France, or even European, because the Moselle was experimentation field of a Nazi anti-Christian policy. This study becomes sociological when it shows the consequences of the religious practice of the dispersion in a rather hostile environment. After demonstrating the omnipresence in the Moselle Catholicism community became an identity element partially related to Concordat status and keeping of religious schools, we respected the chronology to show the impact of acts of war on the Moselle Catholic people. We divided our work into two parts, November 1940 and expulsions constitute the breaking point. With computer skills, we were able to maintain accurate statistics, mapping religious practice and dispersion. Sometimes this requirement to fetch the source and the historical analysis that ensued jostled the patriotic memory. This study aims to fill a historiographical vacuum and be an additional element in the knowledge of the annexation of the Moselle, the politic of Nazification and the Moselle diaspora
Massiani, Marie-Geneviève. "La Croix et le régime de Vichy (de juin 1940 à novembre 1942)". Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040104.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study means to describe how a tragic era, short, yet eventful, was looked by a daily newspaper of a “classical" form of Catholicism, i. E. Submissive to church hierarchy and rather conservative in political terms, and as such representative of most French Catholics. The topic requires constant background recalling of the historical events of the years 1940 to 42, which La Croix focused and commented upon. Men, ideas, facts are perceived and guessed at through what the newspaper wrote - and remained silent about. The decisive part played by censorship needs to be dwelt upon as it gave La Croix a twofold aspect: both the medium of texts imposed upon them by the powers-that-be, hence an instrument of propaganda, and the closely watched and heavily censored mouthpiece of the editorial staff trying to voice their own opinions. What was La Croix able to say, what were they compelled to say- and to hush up about the turnarounds and dramas which were the aftermath of defeat? About the French state, its head, and its program? About the reversal of diplomatic positions, about collaboration with Germany? About anti-semitic persecution? About the subservience and the silence of the catholic hierarchy? Did the fact that the newspaper was kept under strict control contribute to enlightening or misleading their readers? Was it eventually beneficial or compromising for the cause of the church and Catholics in France?
Boulland, Paul. "Acteurs et pratiques de l'encadrement communiste à travers l'exemple des fédérations PCF de banlieue parisienne (1944-1974)". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010535.
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