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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Hans Andersen"
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Houe, Poul. "Hans Christian Andersen's Andersen and the Andersen of Others." Orbis Litterarum 61, nr 1 (luty 2006): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0730.2006.00867.x.
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Houe, Poul. "Hans Christian Andersen's Andersen and the Andersen of Others. On Recent Andersen Literature". Orbis Litterarum 61, nr 1 (luty 2006): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0730.2006.00855.x.
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Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram. "Hans Christian Andersen and the Blue Light". NAVEIÑ REET: Nordic Journal of Law and Social Research, nr 6 (1.12.2015): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nnjlsr.v0i6.111061.
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This article examines the development of energy law illustrated through the authorship of Hans Christian Andersen (1802-1875). The focus is on the implementing of city gas, which happened in the lifetime of H.C. Andersen. Based on the literary observations of H.C. Andersen the changes in the legal framework in energy law and other regulatory areas are analysed. H.C. Andersen’s references to gas lighting provides an emotional experience to change and an approach towards the empathetic understanding to make changing life recognizably human. With this reference I have availed of the opportunity to briefly describe the historical development of energy and laws which were introduced and developed into the modern legislation we now have. – Through his literary greatness H.C Andersen not only generates an attitude of respect toward energy but also widens horizons for lawyers when we look at the energy challenges on the global level.
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Clemente, Frances. "Where “the blood boils:” Hans Christian Andersen’s sojourn in Naples". Quaderni d'italianistica 41, nr 1 (5.01.2021): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v41i1.35930.
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When in 1834, during his Grand Tour of Europe, Hans Christian Andersen set foot in Naples, he was immediately won over by the exuberant vitality of the Neapolitan people. The Parthenopean city, where he “was exposed to sensuality as a daily temptation” (Rossel, “Hans Christian Andersen” 24 and “Do You Know the Land” 95), also awakened Andersen’s more repressed instincts. From this experience he drew material for his most autobiographical novel, Improvisatoren (1835; The Improvisatore), whose protagonist tries to and succeeds in resisting the seductions of Neapolitan sensuality. If on the one hand the Danish author underwent the typical experience of the Northern traveller visiting the South and, more specifically, Naples, enjoying its openness and gaiety, on the other hand he never completely abandoned himself to Southern allures, upholding his moral and religious beliefs against a city that continuously attempted to wholly seduce him. The present paper aims to retrace Andersen’s first journey to Naples—where, by the writer’s own account, “the blood boils” (The Diaries of Hans Christian Andersen 85)—as a voyage into a tempting sensuality, contextualizing it within the wider context of nineteenth-century travelling experience in the city by Northern travellers.
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Maria Xia. "Hans Christian Andersen Dreams". Fairy Tale Review 9 (2013): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/fairtalerevi.9.2013.0138.
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Dreyer, Kirsten. "Om og af H. C. Andersen. H.C. Andersens samlede værker. Eventyr og Historier I-III. Udgivet af Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab". Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 43 (1.01.2004): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v43i1.40660.
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OM OG AF H. C. ANDERSEN ANDERSEN. H.C. Andersens samlede værker. Eventyr og Historier I-111. Udgivet af Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab under redaktion af Klaus P. Mortensen. Udgivere: Laurids Kristian Fahl, Esther Kielberg, Klaus P. Mortensen, Jesper Gehlert Nielsen under medvirken af Finn Gredal Jensen. Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab/ Gyldendal 2003. 560 s. + 528 s + 488 s. Jackie Wullschlager: H.C. Andersen. En biografi. På dansk ved Pia Juul. Hans Reitzels Forlag. 2002. 504 s. Jens Andersen: Andersen. En biografi 1-2. Gyldendal 2003. 528 s. + 440 s
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Luo, Xuanmin, i Jiachun Zhu. "The translation of Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales in China". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, nr 2 (27.06.2019): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00086.luo.
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Abstract Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales have been popular among Chinese readers since they were introduced to China through translation a century ago. This paper studies the translation of Andersen’s fairy tales in China by focusing on prominent Chinese translators of Andersen and their landmark translations. Regarding translation as a social activity, the author attempts to interpret the behaviour of the translator in terms of the historical context in which it occurred, as well as the corresponding ideology of literature. It is argued that the language styles and translating strategies adopted by the translators of different ages have varied according to the translator’s understanding of the original works, his purpose of translating, the publishers’ interests and the readers’ expectations in the target culture, as well as the image of Andersen constructed in the socio-cultural context from which the translation emerged. Therefore, the translation practice, which has contributed to the canonization of Andersen in China, is a process of the translators’ negotiations with the fluid Chinese poetics and ideology of the 20th century.
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Zańko, Aldona. "”In Memory of the Snow Queen” – Hans Christian Andersen Recalled and Retold". Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 27, nr 1 (1.12.2019): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsp-2019-0006.
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Abstract The main focus of the present paper is the so-called “intertextual revision”, explored as one of the most recent and innovative strategies employed while reviving the legacy of the Danish fairy-tale classic Hans Christian Andersen. In order to illustrate this practice, I discuss a short story entitled Travels with the Snow Queen (2001), by an American writer Kelly Link, which is a reworking of Andersen's worldfamous fairy tale The Snow Queen (1844). Link’s take on Andersen’s tale represents one of the leading directions within revisionary fairy-tale fiction, inspired by feminism and gender criticism. The analysis is centered around the narrative strategies employed by the author in order to challenge the gender logic incorporated into Andersen’s account, as well as the broader fairy-tale tradition it belongs to.
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Bryn, Brita Lotsberg. "Hans Christian Andersen in Russia". Nordisk Østforum 34 (2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noros.v34.2528.
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Gerber, Marina. "Hans Christian Andersen in Russia". Scando-Slavica 66, nr 2 (2.07.2020): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00806765.2020.1832917.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Hans Andersen"
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York, Möller-Christensen Ivy. "Den gyldne trekant : H.C. Andersens gennembrud i Tyskland 1831-1850 /". Odense : Odense universitetsforlag, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36960719b.
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Møller, Tove Barfoed. "Teaterdigteren H.C. Andersen og "Meer end Perler og Guld" : en dramaturgisk-musikalsk undersøgelse /". Odense : Odense Universitetsforlag, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36958708d.
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Razo, Sarmina Jose Victor del [Verfasser], Hans-Arno [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Jacobsen i Anders [Gutachter] Andersen. "Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging in Residential and Highway Environments / Jose Victor del Razo Sarmina ; Gutachter: Anders Andersen, Hans-Arno Jacobsen ; Betreuer: Hans-Arno Jacobsen". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111713511X/34.
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Matrán, Bea Casilda. "Arte y psicobiografía : un estudio de la obra gráfica de Hans Christian Andersen". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/307221.
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Esta investigación aborda por primera vez la psicobiografía de Hans Christian Andersen, desde su obra gráfica. La metodología empleada también es inédita en este tipo de estudios: análisis panofskyano contextualista y hermenéutica psicoanalítica. Los resultados nos han arrojado, a través del significado otorgado a las seis categorías elaboradas ad hoc: Complejo de Edipo, Eros, Thanatos, Represión, Sublimación y Fantasía, que nuestro autor tenía una personalidad egocéntrica y ególatra y de afectividad ciclotímica .Se ha concluido que existe en él una omnipresencia obsesiva de la muerte, frustración amorosa, y “temeroso servilismo” como "mediador" entre su "realidad traumática" y su "obra artística". Toda su obra es un egregio “retorno de lo reprimido” con un “reiterado empleo de la antropomorfización”. Existe un preámbulo del surrealismo. Aparece la catatimia del recuerdo y la pseudología fantástica como elementos que permiten a Andersen "fabular" y contrapesar el complejo de inferioridad que experimenta en sus relaciones sociales.This research addresses for the first time psychobiography of Hans Christian Andersen, from his graphic work. The methodology is also unpublished in this type of study: panofskyano contextual analysis and psychoanalytic hermeneutical.The results have thrown us through the meaning given to the six categories elaborated ad hoc: Oedipus complex, Eros, Thanatos, Repression, Sublimation and Fantasy, that our author had a sel-centered personality and egotistical and cyclothymic affectivity. It has been concluded that there is in hi an obsessive omnipresence of death,loving frustration,and “fearful servility” as a mediator between his traumatic reality and his artistic work. All his work is an eminent “return of the repressed” with a “repeated use of the anthropomorphization”.There is a preamble of surrealism. It appears the catatimia of keepsake and the fantastic pseudologia as elements that allow Andersen “fabulate” and counterbalance the inferiority complex which experiences i their social relations.
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Thomsen, Bjarne Thorup. "Novel, travel-writing and nation : studies in Selma Lagerlöf and Hans Christian Andersen". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29397.
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The overarching focus of the portfolio of publications I have submitted for the PhD by Research Publications is the treatment of place - in particular the mapping and problematisation of nation space - in Selma Lagerlöfs and Hans Christian Andersen's novel- and travel-writing. Through a consideration of selected texts it is argued that manifestations of mobility, modernity and hybridity contribute centrally to the articulation of place in the works of both writers. It is further argued that the majority of the texts themselves display hybrid features, challenging the boundary between 'fictional' novel-writing and 'factual' travel-writing and combining a commitment to the 'real' with a recurring interest in the imagined.
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Essen, Karsten. "Standhafte Zinnsoldaten : Motivstudien zu Andersen, Wagner, Thomas Mann und Tomasi di Lampedusa /". Würzburg : Königshausen und Neumann, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41075798r.
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Dissertation--Mainz--Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, 2006.Contient le texte en danois de Hans Christian Andersen, ainsi que sa traduction allemande : "Den standhaftige Tinsoldat = Der standhafte Zinnsoldat" Bibliogr. p. 202-209.
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Lilleør, Kathrine. "Eventyrenes vidtlysende blink : H. C. Andersens Eventyr og historier læst på baggrund af et udvalg af Søren Kierkegaards tekster som litterær-æstetiske metaforer med henblik på at fremhæve en række eksistenstemaer i eventyrdigtningen /". København : Gyldendal, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401834573.
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Jurazeky, Rosana da Silva Santos [UNESP]. "Um percurso teórico-metodológico para leitura de “O isqueiro mágico” e “A rainha da neve”, de Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114023.
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A pesquisa Um percurso teórico- metodológico para leitura de “O isqueiro mágico” e “A rainha da neve”, de Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) pautou-se na concepção de linguagem entendida como um processo de interação humana e no ato de ler como uma atividade complexa, envolvendo aspectos não somente gramaticais e semânticos, mas também pragmáticos e dialógicos. Esta concepção teórica foi adotada por estar de acordo com os objetivos desta investigação: 1) analisar a estrutura textual e temática de dois contos de H. C. Andersen, “O isqueiro mágico” (1835) e “A rainha da neve” (1845), selecionados a partir do corpus de sua obra, observando aspectos comuns relativos ao tema, ao assunto, à mensagem; ao enredo; ao tempo, ao espaço; ao narrador, ao foco narrativo e às personagens; 2) definir critérios para a escolha de um livro ou de um conto de literatura infantil; 3) sugerir atividades que possam contribuir com o trabalho da literatura infantil em sala de aula. O foco do estudo definiu-se em relação ao texto narrativo/clássico da literatura infantil. As atividades desenvolvidas foram de cunho bibliográfico e acompanharam todo o processo de investigação. Por fim, o fato de a leitura constituir-se de um dos grandes problemas vividos pela escola e pela sociedade como um todo, como aqueles relativos ao analfabetismo funcional, à não formação do leitor e à não compreensão de textos literários justifica uma pesquisa que venha a contribuir para a superação dos problemas vividos pelas escola, no que concerne à leitura.
The survey A methodological theoretical pathway for reading “The tinderbox” and “The snow queen” by Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875), based on the concept of language understood as a process of human interaction and the act of reading, as a complex activity, involving not only grammatical and semantic aspects, but pragmatic and dialogic ones. This theoretical concept was adopted since it agrees with the goals of this investigation: 1) to analyze the textual and thematic structure of two H. C. Andersen’s tales, “The tinderbox” and “The snow queen”, selected from the corpus of his work, noticing similarities regarding the theme, subject, message; plot; time, space and place; the narrator and narrative focus and the characters; 2) to define criteria for the choice of a book or a short story from children's literature; 3) suggest activities that may contribute to the instruction of children’s literature in classrooms. The focus of the study was defined in relation to the narrative/classic text of children's literature. The activities developed undertaken were of bibliographic nature and accompanied the entire process of investigation. Finally, the fact of reading is one of the major problems experienced by school and by society as a whole, such as those relating to functional illiteracy, non-formation of the reader and lack of understanding of literary texts, justifies a research that will contribute to overcoming the problems experienced by school, when it comes to reading.
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Jurazeky, Rosana da Silva Santos. "Um percurso teórico-metodológico para leitura de "O isqueiro mágico" e "A rainha da neve", de Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) /". Presidente Prudente, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114023.
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Orientador: Ana Maria Martins da Costa SantosBanca: Maria de Lourdes Z. Trevisan Perez
Banca: Ana Luzia Videira Parisotto
Banca: Odilon Helou Fleury Curado
Banca: Geraldo Peçanha de Almeida
Resumo: A pesquisa Um percurso teórico- metodológico para leitura de "O isqueiro mágico" e "A rainha da neve", de Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) pautou-se na concepção de linguagem entendida como um processo de interação humana e no ato de ler como uma atividade complexa, envolvendo aspectos não somente gramaticais e semânticos, mas também pragmáticos e dialógicos. Esta concepção teórica foi adotada por estar de acordo com os objetivos desta investigação: 1) analisar a estrutura textual e temática de dois contos de H. C. Andersen, "O isqueiro mágico" (1835) e "A rainha da neve" (1845), selecionados a partir do corpus de sua obra, observando aspectos comuns relativos ao tema, ao assunto, à mensagem; ao enredo; ao tempo, ao espaço; ao narrador, ao foco narrativo e às personagens; 2) definir critérios para a escolha de um livro ou de um conto de literatura infantil; 3) sugerir atividades que possam contribuir com o trabalho da literatura infantil em sala de aula. O foco do estudo definiu-se em relação ao texto narrativo/clássico da literatura infantil. As atividades desenvolvidas foram de cunho bibliográfico e acompanharam todo o processo de investigação. Por fim, o fato de a leitura constituir-se de um dos grandes problemas vividos pela escola e pela sociedade como um todo, como aqueles relativos ao analfabetismo funcional, à não formação do leitor e à não compreensão de textos literários justifica uma pesquisa que venha a contribuir para a superação dos problemas vividos pelas escola, no que concerne à leitura.
Abstract: The survey A methodological theoretical pathway for reading "The tinderbox" and "The snow queen" by Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875), based on the concept of language understood as a process of human interaction and the act of reading, as a complex activity, involving not only grammatical and semantic aspects, but pragmatic and dialogic ones. This theoretical concept was adopted since it agrees with the goals of this investigation: 1) to analyze the textual and thematic structure of two H. C. Andersen's tales, "The tinderbox" and "The snow queen", selected from the corpus of his work, noticing similarities regarding the theme, subject, message; plot; time, space and place; the narrator and narrative focus and the characters; 2) to define criteria for the choice of a book or a short story from children's literature; 3) suggest activities that may contribute to the instruction of children's literature in classrooms. The focus of the study was defined in relation to the narrative/classic text of children's literature. The activities developed undertaken were of bibliographic nature and accompanied the entire process of investigation. Finally, the fact of reading is one of the major problems experienced by school and by society as a whole, such as those relating to functional illiteracy, non-formation of the reader and lack of understanding of literary texts, justifies a research that will contribute to overcoming the problems experienced by school, when it comes to reading.
Doutor
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Coleman, Cal. "M Y T H I C". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/990.
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Mythic is an animated family series that will collide the worlds of the beloved Disney style musical feature, with everyday children’s programming. Based on 8 public domain works by Hans Christian Andersen, the series will follow Princess Viv, Farmhand Penelope, Pit-Pocket Leina, and a hopelessly romantic Prince Agner, as they travel through magical kingdoms in hopes of retrieving 8 mythical relics. Together, the four will learn about the meaning of love, the danger of greed, and the joy of being selfless as they fight to keep Leina from becoming a true villain.
Książki na temat "Hans Andersen"
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Hans Christian Andersen. Hans Christian Andersen. Morris Plains, NJ: Unicorn Pub. House, 1990.
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Peacock, Judith. Hans Christian Andersen. Mankato, Minn: Creative Education, 1998.
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Langley, Andrew. Hans Christian Andersen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
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Harold, Bloom, red. Hans Christian Andersen. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2005.
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Library, British, red. Hans Christian Andersen. London: British Library, 2005.
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Mylius, Johan de. Hans Christian Andersen. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of information, 1997.
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Matthews, Andrew. Stories from Hans Andersen. Bath, UK: Chivers Audio Books, 1994.
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People, International Board on Books for Young. Hans Christian Andersen award. Basel: IBBY, 1992.
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Hans Christian Andersen. Hans Christian Andersen Märchen. [S.l.]: Eurobuch, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Hans Andersen"
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Detering, Heinrich. "Hans Christian Andersen". W Kindler Kompakt: Märchen, 139–42. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04359-7_28.
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Detering, Heinrich. "Hans Christian Andersen". W Kindler Kompakt: Reiseliteratur, 132–34. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04508-9_28.
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Detering, Heinrich. "Andersen, Hans Christian". W Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_4482-1.
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Klotz, Volker. "Hans Christian Andersen". W Das europäische Kunstmärchen, 245–55. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03204-1_19.
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Dreher, Martin. "Hans Christian Andersen". W Kindler Kompakt Skandinavische Literatur 19. Jahrhundert, 59–66. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05535-4_13.
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Detering, Heinrich. "Andersen, Hans Christian: Mulatten". W Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_4488-1.
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Detering, Heinrich. "Andersen, Hans Christian: Die Reisebücher". W Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_4484-1.
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Detering, Heinrich. "Andersen, Hans Christian: O. T." W Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_4485-1.
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Detering, Heinrich. "Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875)". W Frauenliebe Männerliebe, 1–5. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03666-7_1.
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Detering, Heinrich. "Andersen, Hans Christian: Das lyrische Werk". W Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_4483-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Hans Andersen"
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Denninger, Michael J., i Ann M. Anderson. "An Experimental Study on the Relationship Between Velocity Fluctuations and Heat Transfer in a Turbulent Air Flow". W ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-108.
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The work presented here is the first reported study to test the general correlation for turbulent heat transfer proposed by Maciejewski and Anderson (1996). A turbulent pipe flow apparatus was built for heat transfer and fluid studies. Tests were performed for a range of Reynolds numbers from 27,000 to 90,000. The heated wall temperature, adiabatic temperature, the wall heat flux and the maximum velocity fluctuations were measured at each Reynolds number. The non-dimensional groups recommended by Maciejewski and Anderson were formed and compared to the correlation. The results verify the correlation with agreement to within ±7% (as per figure 11). This study has important implications for the study of heat transfer in a wide range of fields, including the gas turbine industry. The development of a geometry independent correlation will lead to faster turn around times and improved engine design.
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Zhou, Zefeng, David J. White i Conleth D. O’Loughlin. "Predicting the Changing Soil Response for Vertical Pipe-Seabed Interaction Accounting for Remoulding, Reconsolidation and Maintained Load". W ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61695.
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Steel catenary risers (SCRs) are subjected to fatigue in the touchdown zone (TDZ) where the pipe interacts with the seabed. In this zone the seabed is subjected to intermittent episodes of cyclic loading and reconsolidation during long-term operation. Cyclic loading, reconsolidation and maintained load can cause variations in the soil strength and stiffness, which has a significant influence on the fatigue life of the riser in the TDZ. The weakening effect of cyclic loading on soil strength is well recognized throughout design practice, and methodologies for determining the cyclic ‘fatigue’ of clay during undrained cyclic loading are well established (e.g. Andersen et al. 1988; Andersen 2015). However, traditional undrained assessments neglect the effects of drainage and consolidation that inevitably occur in pipe-seabed interaction during long-term operational stages, and can lead to changes in stiffness by a factor of up to 5 or 10. This overlooked effect of consolidation on soil resistance and stiffness can be very important for SCR fatigue analysis. In this paper, a new analytical framework considering these effects has been used to analyze vertical pipe-seabed interaction. This framework is developed using a critical-state concept with effective stresses, and by discretizing the soil domain as a one-dimensional column of soil elements. The model can accurately capture the changing soil resistance and stiffness to account for the effects of remoulding, reconsolidation and maintained load. The framework is used to back-analysis the pipe-soil interaction response during small and large amplitude vertical cycles. The simulation prediction compares well with the measured results from the laboratory (Aubeny et al., 2008), and can accurately capture the observed changes in stiffness of up to a factor of 5.
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Holtmann, EM, K. Van Ackeren, F. Freguia, S. Dazert i S. Volkenstein. "HNO-Überweisung: Einseitige Nasenatmungsbehinderung mit Cephalgie - manchmal kommt es anders als man denkt". W Abstract- und Posterband – 91. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712030.
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Zhu, Yusen, Ao Jiang, Junbo Dong, Yeming Pang, Yuqing Liu, Jiacheng Liu, Xiang Yao, Stephen Westland i Caroline Hemingray. "The influence of music on colour preference in vehicle environment". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001686.
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Many experiments have proved that vision and hearing effect each other in many ways, and this phenomenon is of great significance to design (Zhang，2019)(Anderson，2014). Among the design of car cockpit, color is one of the most important elements of cockpit visual design, and different color directly affect people's experience in the cockpit (Satake,2011). We selected eight colors in study which are red, yellow, orange, blue, green, cyan, white and gray, and each color was set to two brightness levels and three music modes: non music, light music and bass-heavy music. Meanwhile, we used a head-mounted virtual reality display (HMD) to simulate the in-car environment, and assessed 55 participants on their level of color preference. In study we found that music changed people's preference for the color of the car cockpit environment and the degree of color preference was related to the type of music.Reference:[1]Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Han, B., Xiang, Y. and Li, L., 2019. Hue, chroma, and lightness preference in Chinese adults: Age and gender differences. Color Research & Application, 44(6), pp.967-980.[2]Anderson, P.W. and Zahorik, P., 2014. Auditory/visual distance estimation: accuracy and variability. Frontiers in psychology, 5, p.1097.[3]Satake, I., Xin, J.H., Tianming, T., Hansuebsai, A., Ando, K., Sato, T., Kajiwara, K. and Ohsawa, S., 2011. A comparative study of the emotional assessment of automotive exterior colors in Asia. Progress in Organic Coatings, 72(3), pp.528-540.
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Kelleher, Matthew D., Thomas J. Cronley, K. T. Yang i Mihir Sen. "Using Artificial Neural Networks to Develop a Predictive Method From Complex Experimental Heat Transfer Data". W ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24285.
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Abstract Artificial neural networks are employed to develop a predictive algorithm using experimental heat transfer data for a complex situation. The data of Marto and Anderson has used to illustrate the process. This data is from a series of experiments investigating the boiling heat transfer from a vertical bank of tubes in refrigerant 114 with variable amounts of oil present. Both finned and unfinned tubes were investigated. The network was trained with a partial set of the available data. The prediction obtained using the trained network was then compared to the remaining experimental data. The artificial neural network provided an excellent predictive method.
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Portone, Teresa, John Niederhaus, Jason Sanchez i Laura Swiler. "Bayesian model selection for metal yield models in high-velocity impact". W 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-012.
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Abstract There are multiple candidate models for the von Mises yield stress in elastoplastic models that are used to simulate material deformation in high-velocity impact. Previous work has studied the effects of such models on quantities of interest in high-strain-rate deformation, in order to select the most appropriate model in comparison to experimental data [1-2]. This work focuses on selecting between three such models, based on their ability to reproduce time-varying depth of penetration data of a tungsten-alloy rod impacting a hardened steel plate at high velocity, measured by Anderson, Hohler et al. [3]. Novel in the present study is the systematic treatment of uncertainty in the process, and automation of the process. The three models considered are the Johnson-Cook (JC), Zerilli-Armstrong (ZA), and Steinberg-Guinan-Lund (SGL) flow stress models [4-6].
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Eltai, Nahla Omer, Lubna Abu Rub, Hana A. Mohamed, Asma A. Al Thani, Hamda Qotba i Hadi M. Yassine. "Testing Air Quality of Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0125.
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Background: Poor indoor air quality results in significant adverse effects on human health. In particular, the hospital atmospheric environment requires high air quality to protect patients and health care workers against airborne disease including nosocomial infections. Monitoring and surveillance programs of air pollutants and communicable diseases are essential as they provide information on the effectiveness of occupational hygiene and hazard control, and beneficial in assessing risks to community and environment. Objectives: This study aims to identify, monitor and report the level of air borne bacteria at four PHCC canters in Doha. Methodology: Four primary Health Centers (HC) were selected for testing air quality namely, Qatar University HC (North of Doha), AlRayan HC (West of Doha), Um Ghualina HC (Centre of Doha) and Old airport HC (South of Doha). Three sublocations were tested in each health center including a triage room, lobby and outdoor sample; each centre was visited once a month. Two sampling methods were used in this study: Anderson impactor (viable method) and filtration method (non-viable method). Anderson six stages impactor (TISCH Environmental, USA) was used to collect airborne bacteria on nutrient agar plates. Then the samples were incubated at 37 o C for 24 - 48 hours. The average colony- forming units (CFU) of bacteria was calculated per cubic meter of air (CFU/m3 ). On the other hand, the SKC Button Sampler (SKC Inc. PA, USA) was used to collect the airborne bacteria using cellulose ester filters. The collected isolates will be identified by sequencing 16srRNA (Miseq) later. Preliminary results: According to our preliminary results, the smallest average number of bacteria in the air was detected in QU HC, 3.2 (CFU/m3 ). While the highest average number was 44.7 CFU/m3 detected in Old Airport HC. Al-Rayyan HC and Om Ghuilina HC exhibited 30 and 20 CFU/m3 sequentially. Conclusions: Our preliminary results depicted that the occupancy pattern, size, and age of the building affect the number of bacteria in the air. However, more samples will be collected for better statistical sample size and analysis. .In addition, the captured airborne bacteria will be identified by 16s r RNA sequencing later.
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Boynton, Robert M., i Harvey S. Smallman. "Segregation of Basic Colors in an Information Display". W Applied Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/av.1989.fb1.
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Consider a display containing many elements, among which there is a single critical target, differing slightly from the others, for which a subject is instructed to search. If a very small spatial detail defines this difference, (a) fixation near the critical target will be required for its identification, (b) a serial search will be needed to find it, and (c) the larger the number of targets, the longer will be the average search time needed to discover the critical target. The search time can be reduced if: (a) targets are color coded, (b) some of the targets are of an irrelevant color, and (c) the subject knows the color of the critical target. As Green and Anderson (1956) first put it, "When Os know the color of the target, search time is approximately proportional to the number of symbols of the target's color." Their seminal research, involving only two colors, has subsequently been extended to five by the work of Smith (1962).
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Laury, John, Lars Abrahamsson i Math Bollen. "Transient Stability of Rotary Frequency Converter Fed Low Frequency Railway Grids: The Impact of Different Grid Impedances and Different Converter Station Configurations". W 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6247.
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One method of strengthening low frequency AC railway grids is to upgrade Booster Transformer (BT) catenary systems, to Auto Transformer (AT) catenary systems. An AT catenary system has lower equivalent impedance compared to a BT system. Thus, an upgrade makes the existing converter stations electrically closer. Converter stations may have different types of Rotary Frequency Converters (RFCs) installed in them, and it is not well explored how different RFCs behaves and interact during and after a large disturbance. Using the Anderson-Fouad model of synchronous machines to describe the dynamics of RFCs, several case studies have been performed through numerical simulations. The studies investigate the interactions within and between converter stations constituted with different RFC types, for BT as well AT catenary systems. The numerical studies reveal that replacing BT with AT catenary systems, results in a more oscillatory system behaviour. This is seen for example in the power oscillations between and inside converter stations, after fault clearance.
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Lu, Kai, i Toshiyuki Meshii. "Prediction of Lower Bound Fracture Toughness in the Transition Temperature Region by T33-Stress". W ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78099.
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It is well known that the fracture toughness Jc in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature region depends highly on the specimen thickness (hereafter, TST). The TST effect on Jc, which Wallin [1] described as Jc (∝ KJc2) ∝ B(-1/2) (Jc was calculated from the equations outlined in ASTM E1820 [2], KJc was derived from Jc as KJc = (Jc·E′)1/2; E′ = E/(1−ν2), B: TST), has been reproduced by Anderson et al. [3] based on the weakest link model. However, as Anderson et al. [3] themselves admit, Jc does not decrease indefinitely with B. On the other hand, Meshii et al. [4–6] tried to explain this TST effect on Jc as a mechanical issue. They obtained the same relationship, Jc ∝ B(-1/2) from the fracture toughness test for a non-standard CT and 3PB specimen (non-standard on the point that planar configuration was identical and thickness to width ratio B/W was varied from 0.25 to 0.5) and the stress intensity factor (SIF) corresponding to fracture load Pc denoted as Kc (Kc was calculated from the equations outlined in ASTM E399 [7]), was almost constant for TST. They also reproduced the experimental tendency by large strain FEA under the assumption based on their experimental observation that Kc was independent of TST. In addition, they expressed the TST effect on Jc by correlating Jc with the out-of-plane elastic T-stress T33. We thought that if TST effect on Jc is a mechanical issue, the lower bound Jc for TST could be predicted by FEA under some assumption such as Kc = constant for TST, and the TST corresponding to the lower bound Jc could be predicted by T33. However, before proceeding to this prediction, we thought we have to understand the candidate assumption for prediction more deeply, i.e, understand why Kc was constant for TST. Thus in this work, we attempted to explain the reason why Kc was constant for TST. Our idea was to apply the well-known “planar” failure criterion to our out-of-plane TST issue. After demonstrating our idea was valid, the lower bound Jc of carbon S55C for non-standard 3PB specimen was predicted based on this planar failure criterion and the large strain elastic-plastic FEA. The results showed that Jc showed a lower bound for specimen of B/W ≥ 1.5. In addition, it was shown that this threshold B/W could be estimated by the elastic out-of-plane T33.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Hans Andersen"
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Fitzpatrick, Rachael, i Helen West. Improving Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation to Cimate Change Through Education in Low- and Lower-middle Income Countries. Institute of Development Studies, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.083.
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Climate resilience is the ability to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to hazardous events, trends, or disturbances related to climate (C2ES, 2022). Mitigation focuses on reducing the human impacts contributing to climate change (Burton, 2007, cited in Rousell & Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, 2020). Adaptation is about increasing people’s adaptive capacity, reducing the vulnerability of communities and managing risks (Anderson, 2012). Anderson further defines adaptation as not just being able to adapt from one stable climate to another but having the skills to adapt to uncertainty and make informed decisions in a changing environment. While ‘climate change’ is the term used throughout these briefs, it should be read as a shorthand for a more inclusive approach, which also captures associated environmental degradation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned, in their latest report, that global surface temperatures will continue to increase until 2050 (IPCC, 2021, p. 17). This will take place regardless of human intervention to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The report also warns that the traditional technocratic approaches are insufficient to tackle the challenge of climate change, and that greater focus on the structural causes is needed. High- and upper-middle-income countries have been persistently shown to be the biggest contributors to the global carbon dioxide emissions, with lower income countries facing the most disruptive climate hazards, with Africa countries particularly vulnerable (CDP, 2020; IPCC, 2021). The vulnerability of low-income contexts exacerbates this risk, as there is often insufficient infrastructure and resources to ensure resilience to climate hazards (IPCC, 2021). For decades, advocates of climate change education have been highlighting the potential of education to help mitigate against climate change, and support adaptation efforts. However, implementation has been patchy, with inconsistent approaches and a lack of evidence to help determine the most effective way forward.This paper is divided into three sections, drawing together evidence on the key aspects of system reform,green and resilient infrastructure and Curriculum, pedagogy, assessment and teacher development.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong i Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.
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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.
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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.
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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder i William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.
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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.
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Ahnert, Markus, Mandy Arndt, Matthias Barth, Stephan Beil, Hilmar Börnick, Mareike Braeckevelt, Joachim Fauler i in. MikroModell Entwicklung eines Stoffflussmodells und Leitfadens zur Emissionsminderung von Mikroschadstoffen im Hinblick auf die Wasserqualität. Gunda Röstel, Prof. Dr. Peter Krebs, wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2021.68.
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Das Forschungsvorhaben “Entwicklung eines Stoffflussmodells und Leitfadens zur Emis-sionsminderung von Mikroschadstoffen im Hinblick auf die Wasserqualität“ (MikroModell) wurde im Zeitraum von Oktober 2015 bis Juni 2020 von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt, dem Sächsischen Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft (heute Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Energie, Klimaschutz, Umwelt und Landwirtschaft) sowie der Gelsenwasser AG gefördert. An dem interdisziplinären Projektkonsortium waren ne-ben den Betreibern der Abwassersysteme und -anlagen in Dresden, Chemnitz und Plauen Wissenschaftler:innen aus den Bereichen der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Hydrobiologie, Ökotoxikologie, Wasserchemie, Umweltökonomie, Pharmakologie an der Technischen Universität Dresden sowie des Wirtschafts- und Regulierungsrechts an der Technischen Univer-sität Bergakademie Freiberg beteiligt. In MikroModell wurde anhand unterschiedlich dicht besiedelter sächsischer Regionen untersucht, welche Verbesserungen der Gewässerqualität durch technologische Maßnahmen im Abwassersystem, durch Reduktionsmaßnahmen an der Quelle und in der Anwendung, durch rechtliche Steuerungsmaßnahmen auf EU-, Bundes- und Landesebene sowie durch Aktivitäten im Rahmen einer regional fokussierten Öffentlichkeitsarbeit erzielt werden können, um so eine effiziente und nachhaltige Entwicklung zu befördern. Dazu wurden sowohl Substanzen der Liste prioritärer Stoffe als auch weitere Spurenstoffe an Hand verfügbarer Umweltqualitätsnormen (UQN) bewertet. Der Bericht ist in zwei Teilen organisiert. Teil A beinhaltet den Handlungsleitfaden und richtet sich an Entscheidungsträger und Betreiberorganisationen, beschreibt also die praxisrelevanten Folgerungen aus den Untersuchungen. In Teil B werden die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und die Untersuchungsmethoden detailliert erläutert sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse diskutiert. In Teil A wird eine systematische Vorgehensweise zur Bewertung der Relevanz von ab-wasserbürtigen Mikroschadstoffen und zur Entscheidungsfindung bzgl. Optionen zur Reduktion der Gewässerbelastung mit Mikroschadstoffen vorgestellt (Kapitel A-2). Die Durchführungsempfehlung ist in einem Prozessschema zusammengefasst, das die Maß-nahmenfindung als gemeinsamen Weg von Aufgabenträgern und Behörden beschreibt. Grundlage für die Bewertung der aktuellen Situation bildet die Auswertung der Gewäs-sergütedaten des LfULG (2009 – 2018) und zweier 21-Tage Monitoringkampagnen an den Kläranlagen-Standorten Dresden, Chemnitz und Plauen. IX Die Auswirkungen von Maßnahmen im technologischen Bereich und an der Quelle werden mittels Stoffflussmodellierung aufgezeigt. In Teil A werden dazu Simulationsergebnisse für Dresden, Chemnitz und Plauen herangezogen, die zeigen, dass sich für unter-schiedliche Einzugsgebiete und Stoffe unterschiedliche Maßnahmen als effektiv erweisen (Kapitel A-3). Darüber hinaus erweist sich auch die Definition der Zielgrößen als maßge-bend für die Priorisierung von Maßnahmen. Es gilt den Diskurs dazu anzustoßen. Neben konkreten technologischen Handlungsoptionen und Bewirtschaftungsansätzen an der Quelle werden auch rechtliche Handlungsoptionen in die Betrachtung miteinbezogen (Kapitel A-4). Um die Verwendungen und den Eintrag von Mikroschadstoffen aus Pflan-zenschutzmitteln, Arzneimitteln sowie Industrie- und Haushaltschemikalien mittel- und langfristig zu vermindern, wurden konkrete Empfehlungen zur Anwendung bzw. zu Anpassungen in den Bereichen des Wasser-, Arzneimittel- (Human- & Tierarzneimittelrecht), Chemikalien-, Düngemittel-, Pflanzenschutz- und Biozidrechts herausgearbeitet. Schließlich werden flankierende Aktivitäten zur Information ausgewählter Multiplikatoren und zur Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit als unerlässlich erkannt und beschrieben (Kapitel A-5). Neben Maßnahmen zur Sensibilisierung der Bürger wurden insbesondere Kommunikationsveranstaltungen mit Ärzten und Apothekern durchgeführt. Dabei wurde zielgerichtet ein Verständnis für den nachhaltigen Einsatz und die gesicherte Entsorgung von Arzneimitteln vermittelt und allgemein das Bewusstsein geschärft, dass verschriebene Wirksubstanzen als solche oder metabolisiert/transformiert im Abwasser und ggf. im Gewässer wiederzufinden sind. Die Zusammenarbeit mit der Ärzteschaft erscheint nicht nur als zentraler Baustein zukunftsgerichteten Handelns wichtig, sondern wird auch als erfolgsversprechend angesehen. Der in Teil A vorgestellte Handlungsleitfaden vermittelt letztlich keine absolute Priorisierung von Handlungsoptionen, da sich für unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen und unter-schiedliche Bedingungen eine veränderte Priorisierung ergibt. Es wird aber der Weg hin zur Identifikation der unter den gegebenen Bedingungen besten Handlungsoption bzw. einer erfolgsversprechenden Kombination von Handlungsoptionen aufgezeigt. Dieses systematische Vorgehen wurde zwar am Beispiel von drei Pilotgebieten durchgespielt und für Sachsen flächendeckend aufbereitet, ist aber letztlich übertragbar auf andere Gebiete Deutschlands oder Europas. In Teil B werden die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse des Projektes erläutert – sofern sie nicht schon in Teil A, den Handlungsleitfaden, eingeflossen sind (siehe den rechtlichen Handlungsrahmen sowie die Empfehlungen für die Öffentlich-keitsarbeit). Teil B ist in drei Kapitel unterteilt: Monitoring und Untersuchungen vor Ort (Kapitel B-1), Reduktionsmaßnahmen im Umgang mit Mikroschadstoffen (Kapitel B-2), Er-stellung und Kalibrierung des Stoffflussmodells sowie die Entwicklungsszenarien zur exemplarischen Anwendung des Modells (Kapitel B-3). X Kapitel B-1 umfasst das methodische Vorgehen zur Auswahl der Substanzen mit erhöhter Priorität an allen drei Standorten sowie eine Bewertung der Entwicklungstrends der Verschreibungsmengen für verschiedene Arzneistoffgruppen. Die Ergebnisse der vier Moni-toringkampagnen, die mit kombinierten chemischen und ökotoxikologischen Analysen verbunden waren, werden zusammengefasst und ergänzende Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Mischwasserentlastungen erläutert. Die in Kapitel B-2 beschriebenen Untersuchungen zu Reduktionsmaßnahmen im Umgang mit Mikroschadstoffen beinhalten neben einer Übersicht zu den Kosten einer 4. Reinigungs-stufe die Bewertung verschiedener Verfahren zur Elimination von Spurenstoffen (Pulverak-tivkohle, Ozonierung und Sandfiltration) auf Grundlage von Laborversuchen. Zudem werden die Einträge industrieller und gewerblicher Einleiter in die Kanalnetze der Modellre-gionen und schließlich die Möglichkeiten von Reduktions- und Vermeidungsmaßnahmen auf Grundlage einer Literaturrecherche sowie von Experteninterviews mit verschiedenen Akteuren und Multiplikatoren bewertet. In Kapitel B-3 werden die Methoden zur Verschneidung der verschiedensten verfügbaren Informationen zur Stoffflussmodellierung beschrieben. Die verfügbaren, auf 186 vierstellige Postleitzahlbereiche bezogenen Daten zur Medikamentenverschreibung werden mit den 429 Gemeinden verschnitten, die Bevölkerung wird den Kläranlagen zugeordnet, die Kläranlagenabläufe müssen an den Fließgewässern verortet werden und sämtliche vom Land verfügbaren Informationen von Abfluss- und Qualitätsmessstellen müssen derart prozessiert werden, dass sie mit den modellierten Kläranlagenablaufwerten sinnvoll kombiniert werden können. Schließlich erfolgt die Kalibrierung und Validierung sowie die Anwendung des Stoffflussmodells zur Untersuchung von Entwicklungsszenarien und Handlungsoptionen. Die methodischen Grundlagen sind damit für eine erweiterte Anwendung und eine Übertragung auf andere Gebiete gegeben.