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Semchyk, Vitaliy. "Some aspects of the organizational and legal problems of accounting and audit of intellectual property on roads." Legal Ukraine, no. 12 (December 19, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2019-12(204)-3.
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The article shows certain organizational and legal aspects of accounting and auditing of intellectual property of Ukrzaliznytsia. After the conducted analysis of legal acts, author makes the conclusion that legislatively determined for the accountant task of accounting and auditing of intellectual property objects cannot ensure the effective capitalization of Ukrzaliznytsia from the commercialization of intangible assets. Despite the problems related to the cost of intangible assets at Ukrzaliznytsya, we have considered only one of them. These are the legal and organizational aspects of accounting and auditing of intellectual property objects. It is not possible to carry out a qualitative study of each of these problems within one article. The article clarifies who is responsible for the accounting and auditing of intellectual property at Ukrzaliznytsia. The key question – who should be responsible for accounting and audit of intellectual property at Ukrzaliznytsia – is the obvious answer. The Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine approved the National Regulation (Standard) of Public Sector Accounting 122 “Intangible Assets”. From the name of the order it becomes clear that the accounting is carried out by the accounting department of the enterprise. In accordance with the said Regulation, an intangible asset may be recognized as an asset if it meets the set of criteria, namely: it can be identified; there is a likelihood that the public sector entity will receive future economic benefits associated with its use; its value can be reliably determined. Therefore, this study offers an author’s vision for solving this problem. Key words: accounting and audit of intellectual property, Ukrzaliznytsia, intangible assets, intellectual property management, commercialization of intellectual property.
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Yasyshena, V. V. "Problems of documenting the accounting of intangible assets." Problems of Theory and Methodology of Accounting, Control and Analysis, no. 1(48) (May 11, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/pbo-2021-1(48)-58-64.
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The situation related to the primary documents and the structure of their forms for accounting for intangible assets needs to be resolved. The existence of a number of options for the use of forms of primary documents for accounting for intangible assets, which complicates the documentation process, as the primary forms are partially collected and regulated by several laws and regulations. The need to streamline and summarize the primary documents for accounting for intangible assets and goodwill is emphasized, the order of which should be regulated by a single document. It is recommended to implement the Guidelines for the use of forms of primary accounting of intangible assets and goodwill, with a set of relevant details, which should include documents that will reflect all groups of intangible assets, not just those related to intellectual property. Emphasis was placed on the need to develop primary documentation that will reflect the operations with the formation of intangible assets that will create internal goodwill. It is noted that the use of uniform, agreed forms of primary accounting of intangible assets is also necessary to improve the quality of inspections by regulatory authorities. Primary accounting forms for inventory of intangible assets № IA-4 «Inventory description of intellectual property rights (PR)» and № IA-5 «Inventory description of objects of the right to use natural resources, property and other intangible assets» are developed and recommended to use. It is substantiated to make clarifications and introduce additional details to the inventory descriptions, which is necessary to improve the quality of information formation during the inventory. Emphasis is placed on the need to disclose in the process of inventory objective information about intellectual property objects by checking them for functional compliance, to record the working condition of such objects.
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Roth, Felix. "Revisiting intangible capital and labour productivity growth, 2000–2015." Journal of Intellectual Capital 21, no. 5 (April 2, 2020): 671–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-05-2019-0119.
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PurposeThis paper aims to revisit the relationship between intangible capital and labour productivity growth using the largest, up-to-date macro database (2000–2015) available to corroborate the econometric findings of earlier work and to generate novel econometric evidence by accounting for times of crisis (2008–2013) and economic recovery (2014–2015).Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these aims, this paper employs a cross-country growth accounting econometric estimation approach using the largest, up-to-date database available encompassing 16 EU countries over the period 2000–2015. The paper accounts for times of crisis (2008–2013) and of economic recovery (2014–2015). It separately estimates the contribution of three distinct dimensions of intangible capital: (1) computerized information, (2) innovative property and (3) economic competencies.FindingsFirst, when accounting for intangibles, the paper finds that these intangibles have become the dominant source of labour productivity growth in the EU, explaining up to 66 percent of growth. Second, when accounting for times of crisis (2008–2013), in contrast to tangible capital, the paper detects a solid positive relationship between intangibles and labour productivity growth. Third, when accounting for the economic recovery (2014–2015), the paper finds a highly significant and remarkably strong relationship between intangible capital and labour productivity growth.Originality/valueThis paper corroborates the importance of intangibles for labour productivity growth and thereby underlines the necessity to incorporate intangibles into today's national accounting frameworks in order to correctly depict the levels of capital investment being made in European economies. These levels are significantly higher than those currently reflected in the official statistics.
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Temirkhxanova Mutabar Juraevna, Li Shaomin, Rizaev Nurbek Kadirovich,. "Improving The Intangible Assets Accounting: In A Pandemic Period." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.652.
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This article provides information on the impact of the pandemic on intellectual property and its consequences, the activities of companies providing intellectual property services in the context of the pandemic, the intellectual ecosystem. Also, this article is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the creation of the intellectual property ecosystem throughout the world, research and experimental developments, R&D expenses, as well as accounting and assessment of inovation products.
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Sherman, Brad, and Michael Power. "Law, Accounting and the Emergent Positivity of Intangible Property." Social & Legal Studies 3, no. 4 (December 1994): 477–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096466399400300402.
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Kurniawati, Heny. "Analisis dan Tren Penggunaan Accounting Choice yang dilakukan Perusahaan di Indonesia Pasca Adopsi IFRS." Binus Business Review 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v4i2.1392.
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This study aims to analyze the accounting choice used by Indonesia’s public listed companies after IFRS convergence effectively applied in 2011 and 2012. Data used in this study were financial statements of Indonesia’s public listed companies in 2011 and 2012. The analysis focused on accounting choice in fixed assets (PSAK 16), intangible assets (PSAK 19), and investment property (PSAK 13). The study showed that public listed companies tend to choose historical cost to account for their fixed assets, intangible assets, and investment property. For fixed assets, it is only 2.5% changing their accounting policy to revaluation method. While for investment property, it is only 15% using revaluation method. All of public listed companies used historical cost method to record their non-goodwill intangible assets.
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Cordazzo, Michela, and Paola Rossi. "The influence of IFRS mandatory adoption on value relevance of intangible assets in Italy." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 21, no. 3 (April 18, 2020): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-05-2018-0069.
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PurposeFollowing the mandatory IFRS adoption in 2005, the Continental European accounting systems changed. This study investigates if it influenced the value relevance of intangible assets in Italy.Design/methodology/approachTo measure the value relevance of intangible assets of non-financial firms listed on Borsa Italiana from 2000 to 2015, this study isolates the impact of several classes of intangible assets on stock prices and then classifies firms according to intangible asset intensity.FindingsGoodwill, intellectual property and other rights, start-up costs or other intangible assets are significantly correlated with stock prices when Italian accounting standards were applied prior to 2005, whereas research and development expenditures are not associated with stock prices. The mandatory IFRS adoption has exerted positive effects only for goodwill and research and development expenditures, and it is negative for start-up costs. Further, when intangible-intensive firms are considered in the post-IFRS adoption period, declining value relevance exists relative to intellectual property and other rights or research and development expenditures; goodwill and other intangible assets increase in value relevance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is subject to country-specific determinants and firm-specific characteristics. It treats accounting standards as exogenous, and the classification reflects the concentration of intangible assets in an industry. By relying on investors’ assessments of risk, it does not sufficiently explore the risk conveyed by future abnormal earnings and earnings volatility.Practical implicationsThis study offers insights for measuring and reporting intangible assets, by specifying that their value relevance depends on their level and aggregation.Originality/valueThis study investigates the value relevance of intangible assets in the post-IFRS period, in reference to intangible-intensive firms. It also divides intangible assets into several classes to specify the value relevance of goodwill.
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Yasyshena, Valentyna. "The evolution of intangible assets in terms of social and economic development concepts." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 4(90) (December 12, 2018): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.04.134.
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The article presents evidence that historically the emergence of intellectual property rights dates back to the pre-industrial stage of society’s development. The issuing of letters patent in England led to further development of intangible assets worldwide. The study considers chronologically social and economic development concepts which have been researched in academic papers of prominent scholars, namely, A. Smith, F. List, Knight, F. Machlup, W. Rostow, J. Galbraith, D. Bell, P. Drucker, and then highlights the key aspects that have affected the evolution of intangible assets. Thus, on the basis of reviewing the concepts developed by outstanding scholars, it is pointed out that the growth of intangible assets has been driven by knowledge and that a post-industrial society is based on unprecedented technological breakthroughs. Special reference is made to information viewed as the key production resource of a post-industrial society, whereas knowledge is seen as its internal source of progress. In a post-industrial society, people are regarded as capital. The essential importance and role of intellectual capital in company operations are embodied in professional and managerial skills of personnel. As shown in the article, there are not only research development concepts, but also normative documents, such as the Bulletin entitled «Amortization of intangible assets», in which intangible assets are identified as accounting items. Furthermore, the international system of intellectual property protection has been enhanced by the introduction of Paris and Berne Conventions. The paper also describes how the concept of intangible assets, which appeared in Ukraine’s legislation in 1993, is seen in the national legal system, specifically as intellectual property objects including industrial property and other items of property and use. With the introduction of Ukrainian Accounting Standards (UAS) 8 into the national legislation, it was firstly emphasized that intangible assets are non-monetary assets that, on the one hand, are non-material and, on the other hand, can be identified. The article also stresses that today’s society is passing a new stage of post-industrial development, which is accompanied not only by a rapid growth of service industries, science and education, but also by a significant increase of specialized knowledge in various fields. Finally, the need for further research of intangible assets is identified, since intangibles have a great impact on enterprise value and the competitiveness of the national economy as a whole.
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Aralova, Nataliia. "Features of regulation of accounting of intangible assets in research institutions." Legal Ukraine, no. 11 (December 23, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-11(215)-2.
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The normative regulation and problems of accounting of intangible assets in scientific institutions are considered. It is noted the introduction of modern accounting regulation in budgetary institutions only in 2015, which led to differences in the accounting of NA in scientific institutions. The practice of accounting for intangible assets (IA) in budgetary institutions indicates the need to improve regulations. The purpose of the article is to consider the example of scientific institutions of the NAS of Ukraine regulatory regulation of accounting for intangible assets and issues of its improvement. It is emphasized that the accounting of NA in scientific institutions is essential for the commercialization of intellectual property rights, while the main difficulties in the introduction of accounting for intangible assets for scientific institutions were associated with the lack of modern budget regulations for accounting. The main stages of implementation of accounting of intangible assets in scientific institutions are given. It is important to amend the Methodological Recommendations on Accounting of NA and NPBO 122 regarding the definition of the concept of «use» of intangible assets, as well as the costs to be taken into account when determining the value of NA created in the institution. The issue of accounting for research and development reports is problematic. The terminology used in the regulations also needs to be clarified. Key words: intangible assets, valuation of IP, research institutions, accounting.
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Fomina, O. V., O. O. Avhustоva, and I. K. Shushakova. "Assessing the Intangible Assets." Business Inform 4, no. 519 (2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-4-154-160.
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The article is concerned with the issues of assessing the intellectual property rights as part of intangible assets of enterprises. The article is aimed at substantiating the theoretical principles and improving methodological approaches to the assessment of intangible assets in the process of formation of the value of enterprise. The normative-legal regulation of valuation of intangible assets in order to determine the value of intangible assets of enterprises in monetary terms for the purposes of accounting and in the field of professional valuation activity is studied. The interrelationship of approaches of independent professional estimation and accounting valuation in order to apply it to the needs of accountance is specified. Described are the cost (based on determining the cost of expenses, necessary for the reproduction or substitution of the valuation object), profit (used to determine the valuation of intellectual property rights, based on the application of assessing procedures for transferring the expected profit to the value of the assessed object) and comparative (determines the market value of an intangible asset, when there is sufficient reliable information on prices in the market of such objects and the terms of contracts for the disposal of property rights to such objects) approaches to the valuation of intangible assets. The formulas for computing the value of intangible assets based on the cost approach are provided. The assessment of intangible assets is carried out according to the above specified formulas of the cost approach on the example of a patent for invention. It is determined that in the absence of an active market to determine the fair value of intangible assets, it is advisable to apply the cost approach, namely: the method of direct reproduction.
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Jarrett, Jeffrey E. "Analysts’ Forecasts, the Abandonment Option and Intellectual Capital." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i4.13825.
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The abandonment option under various capital budgeting models are discussed in this manuscript to bring forth the notion that present value of cash flows is often improperly estimated in the financial models utilized in the decision analytic process. In this study, Intellectual Property Rights and other intangible assets often are not considered in accounting estimation processes utilized in financial accounting. A decision maker often utilizes misestimates of the present value of cash flow resulting in less than optimum capital budgeting decisions. Decisions to abandon for salvage and other similar decisions improve when the present value of intangibles and property rights are included in the decision process. This last statement is the goal of this study and to present well founded processes to improve abandonment and similar decisions in capital budgeting decisions. The estimation problem in financial accounting is included in the analysis to accomplish this goal.
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Foltys, Joachim, and Marzena Strojek-Filus. "SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MANAGING INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN A MODERN ENTERPRISE IN THE ASPECT OF ACCOUNTING." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0314.
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The paper presents the main problems related to the management of intangible assets, focusing on their identification, valuation and financial statements’ presentation. The process approach in managing this part of the property was also presented. It has been shown that modern enterprises often do not present the most important intangible assets in respect of their market position because of the accounting law regulations. Particularly this problem affects small family enterprises. In this paper solutions have been proposed for the valuation of intangible assets in these types of units.
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De Simone, Lisa, and Richard C. Sansing. "Income Shifting Using a Cost-Sharing Arrangement." Journal of the American Taxation Association 41, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-52142.
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ABSTRACT This study investigates the use of a cost-sharing arrangement (CSA) by a multinational corporation (MNC) to shift the income attributable to intangible property (IP) to low-tax foreign jurisdictions. We identify three major effects that determine whether an MNC will use a CSA to develop the IP rather than develop the IP domestically: an operating intangible effect, an undervaluation effect, and an enforcement effect. First, we find that the MNC is more likely to use a CSA to develop the IP when the MNC has valuable domestic operating intangibles, such as a global brand. Second, the MNC is more likely to use a CSA if the nature of the IP development project allows the MNC to understate the fair market value of the IP. Third, the MNC is less likely to use a CSA if the tax authority can cost effectively challenge the position and impose retroactive revaluations of the IP. JEL Classifications: H25; D23.
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YASYSHENA, Valentyna. "STRUCTURE AND VALUATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF STANDARDIZATION." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(58) (2019): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.01.145.
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Introduction. Today, due to the large number of types of intangible assets that are presented in the valuation and accounting standards of different levels, it is difficult to determine their objective assessments. Purpose. The article is devoted to the research and systematization of IA objects, presented in the international, European and national standards of expert assessment and accounting, with the aim to find the ways of domestic standards improvement, as well as management of IA at the enterprise. Results. The structure of the IA objects, which are described in the International Standard for Assessments 210 “Intangible Assets”, the European Standards for Evaluation of the TEGoVA, the Professional Standards for the Evaluation of RICS, the National Standard No. 4 “Appraisal of Intellectual Property Rights”, the International Accounting Standard 38, Intangible Assets, and the Standards of Accounting 8 “Intangible Assets”, is analyzed. It is established that the objects of IA are shown in the international and national accounting standards, which are reflected in the accounting and financial statements of the entity, but they do not fully cover the market value of the enterprise. The list of objects of IA, which is not given in P (C) BO 8, is marked out and described, and accordingly they are not reflected in the financial statements of the enterprise. The article proposes a list of IA, which was formed on the basis of study of the nternational, European and national standards of expert assessment and can be taken into account by the enterprise for the estimation of business value and needs of IAmanagement. Conclusions. It is noted that the assessment of IA is not a sufficiently developed direction of professional property valuation; therefore, there is a need to mprove the National Standard 4 “Appraisal of Intellectual Property Rights” from its approximation to international practice. It has been determined that a standard for the assessment of IA, which will regulate not only the evaluation of intellectual property objects, but also other IA objects, which will be used in international practice, taking into account contemporary economic development, will be developed. The results of this article outlined the directions of further research in the area of improving the methodology of IA assessment.
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Gorodilov, Mikhail, Marina Naam, Yulia Murashova, and Tatiana Ketova. "Problems of intellectual property accounting in industrial enterprises in Russia." SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600012.
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This paper analyzes important accounting and financial problems associated with identification, determination of the moment of recognition, proper assessment of intellectual properties that are part of intangible assets, determination of their useful life, as well as the search for relevant methods of their depreciation. According to the generalization of theoretical and their own practical experience, the authors propose the approaches to solve these problems, designed to increase the level of reporting reliability for stakeholders, as well as to ensure proper accounting and control of these objects in order to provide their safety and rational use at industrial enterprises.
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Momot, Tetyana, Maria Karpushenko, Serhiy Prilipko, Natalia Mushchynska, and Darina Momot. "Intellectual property assessment: development of information and methodological support in conditions of limited information." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 13 (109) (February 26, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225772.
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Assessment of intellectual property is an important process of commercialization of scientific and technical developments of enterprises of all forms of ownership. This is carried out to determine the value of intellectual property objects (IPO) in connection with the transfer of ownership (purchase, sale) to the corresponding object, the conclusion of a license agreement for the IPO use, accounting for IPO in accounting, contributed to the authorized capital, etc. Under such conditions, the problem of IPO underestimating significantly reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of enterprises. At the same time, the uniqueness of many types of intellectual assets and the impossibility of their visual assessment determine the expediency of systematizing methodological approaches to assessing the value of intellectual property assets to ensure an objective assessment of the value of intellectual property. This will help increase the profitability and business value of the enterprise. The aim of research is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions and substantiate practical recommendations for improving information and methodological support for assessing the value of intangible assets, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents and the availability of the necessary information. Based on the results of the study, methodological approaches to determining the value of intangible assets are systematized. According to the financial statements, the value of intangible assets of the leading enterprises of Ukraine and their share in the total value of assets were analyzed. The features of the assessment of intangible assets in accordance with accounting standards have been determined, a methodological approach to the assessment of the value of intellectual property has been developed, it allows to reasonably choose a method for assessing IPO based on the analysis of available information. It is proved that the lack of objective information on the value of IPO significantly reduces the value of assets of Ukrainian enterprises in comparison with the leading companies in the world, reduces their investment attractiveness and does not contribute to economic development
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Eisfeldt, Andrea L., and Dimitris Papanikolaou. "The Value and Ownership of Intangible Capital." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.189.
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Intangible capital which relies on essential human inputs, or 'organization capital,' presents a unique challenge for measurement. Organization capital cannot be fully owned by firms' financiers, because it is partly embodied in key labor inputs. Instead, cash flows must be shared with key talent and thus neither book nor market values will fully capture its value. Measurement of organization capital requires a model featuring these unique property rights. We use accounting data along with a simple example of such a model to measure the fraction of the US capital stock which is missing from book and market values.
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Muhammadi, Abdul Haris, Zahir Ahmed, and Ahsan Habib. "Multinational transfer pricing of intangible assets: Indonesian tax auditors’ perspectives." Asian Review of Accounting 24, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-10-2014-0112.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges faced by Indonesian tax auditors in auditing multinational transfer prices of intangible assets. This study then explores the suitability of mechanisms currently used by Indonesian tax auditors to ensure appropriate tax audit adjustments. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a qualitative research method involving semi-structured and open-ended interviews with the tax auditors in Indonesia. The authors also include some Indonesia court decisions pertinent to the research question above. Findings Findings indicate that Indonesian tax auditors face a number of difficulties during the audit of transfer pricing cases derived from intangible property, including a lack of transparency in taxpayers’ bookkeeping; limited taxpayer cooperation in providing data and documents; transfer pricing regulations; and problems related to organization and human resources. The study also finds that Indonesian tax auditors and tax officials handle transfer pricing cases by using a legal basis as reference and by performing a number of activities, including among others, comparable analysis. Originality/value The findings of this study should assist policy makers to improve the quality of transfer pricing audit. Also, tax auditors and account representatives who do not have enough experience in auditing transfer pricing cases derived from intangible property rights might use the outcomes of this study as a guide for dealing with those cases.
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Kaliwanto, Budi, and Sri Agustini. "THE ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING TREATMENTS BASED ON GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (GAS) ON INTANGIBLE ASSETS (IA) IN NATIONAL NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT AGENCY." JURNAL AKUNTANSI BERKELANJUTAN INDONESIA 1, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/jabi.v1i2.y2018.p180-192.
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Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010 dated October 22, 2010 onGovernment Accounting Standard (GAS) states that the Government applies Accrual Based GAS and is declared in Statement of Government Accounting Standards (SGAS). While the technical accounting explanation used as a guide is published in the form of GAS Technical Bulletin. In the case of Intangible Assets (IA), the Government Accounting Standards Committee (GASC) issued Bulletin No. 17 on Accounting for Intangible Assets based on Accruals. The implementation of the Technical Bulletin was used as the basis for the preparation of the IA Report in the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). Management and Preparation of BATAN's Financial and State Property (BFSP) reports using management flows, consistency of established amortization methods, impairment, discontinuation and disposal of IA. In the preparation of the IA Report, BATAN as a government institution is increasingly required to adapt to changes in government management systems that demand accountabilityprinciples, in which every state administration must be accountable for theperformance or outcomes of all programs and activities to the community for the use of resources and authority given. The result of testing of research instrument showed that IA data processing in BATAN based on the grouping of 5 categories (Copyright, Patent, Software, Result of Research / Research, and other Intangible Assets) outlined the value of the Copyright asset has the smallest value and the other IA has the greatest value (can be seen on the results of the discussion on pages 9-15).
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Iryna Budnik. "INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN THE EXTERNAL REPORTING IN UKRAINE: IMPROVEMENT OF DISCLOSURE." European Cooperation 3, no. 47 (October 16, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32070/ec.v3i47.92.
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The final product of an accounting information formation process on intangible assets is an enterprise's financial statement and internal (management) statement with appropriate operations details. Intangible assets and their role in assessing the effectiveness of a particular business entity are the subjects of intensive research by both foreign and Ukrainian scientists. Research of this accounting object will be relevant for the business practices in Ukraine until appropriate reporting recommendations are developed, which will reflect the real property and financial condition of the entity, which, in turn, will increase the reliability of reporting indicators and the economic attractiveness of the enterprise for potential stakeholders both in the Ukrainian and international markets. Therefore, the situation with non-disclosure of a part of the intangible assets in the company's financial statements is unacceptable, since its users expect full and reliable disclosure of information in the company's financial statements. The lack of complete and reliable information about the company does not allow its users to form an opinion and make final important decisions about the efficiency and prospects of a particular entity. Modern economic realities in developed countries and, especially in Ukraine dictate new requirements for the organization of the accounting process to manage, evaluate, and control transactions with intangible assets, which necessitates improving the organizational aspects of the accounting system in the enterprise, in particular, in terms of building an external reporting system. During the analysis of the approaches to the formation of external reporting in terms of providing information on intangible assets of the Ukrainian enterprises, as well as the nature and principles of the taxonomy of financial statements of Ukraine, recommendations on the structure and description of all components of intangible assets reporting were developed and systematized
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Nusa Perdana, Petrolis. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE ACCOUNTING LISTING DATABASE SYSTEM IN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE OF STATE PROPERTY (SIMAK BMN) BLU UNJ ABOUT CONSTELATION AMORIZATION OF INTEGRATED ASSETS MANAGEMENT." Jurnal Wahana Akuntansi 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/wahana.14.022.
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This Community Service activities are carried out using the substantive developing database approach to assertions - accounting management assertions of intangible assets recorded in the State - Owned Financial Management Information System (SIMAK BMN) of the Public Service Agency of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The substantive developing database carried out includes assertions - occurrence assertions, completeness, valuation, right and obligation and disclosure. The results of the substantive developing will be used as follow-up material from the recommendations of the findings of the Republic of Indonesia Supreme Audit Agency to the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Technology and Higher Education where the Public Service Agency of Universitas Negeri Jakarta is one of the entities that sampling BPK RI.
 The Community Service activity is also an alternative discussion to be a guideline for the existence of a research gap in the implementation of the PSAK (Statement of Financial Accounting Standards) Number 19 concerning intangible assets that adopt the basis of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) where financial reports on assets become reliable, must be assessed based on fair value. PSAK 19 regulates the appraisal time to be carried out at the latest 3 years and at the latest every 5 years. This is where a phenomenon occurs, where if the appraisal is carried out in the 5th year while the amortization period of the intangible asset has been completed before 5 years, then the audit cannot be carried out based on the audit management assertions and make the asset the subject of audit findings potentially affecting audit opinion if material.Participants were given training on tips for managing a procurement of intangible fixed assets, both in the context of procurement by the university or by other units in certain circumstances, and systematically recording the SIMAK BMN UNJ after first carrying out asset reconciliation regular with the accounting and reporting section.
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Levitsky, N. "Improvement of accounting representation of non-current assets." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 68, no. 1 (2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.01.037.
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The essence of non-current assets is investigated and their main components are revealed in this paper. The problems of accounting for non-current non-monetary assets, which currently occupy an important share in the total value of assets, are studied. The place of new types of property – computer programs, electronic databases, websites (online stores, electronic printed publications and other electronic media) in the structure of non-current assets in particular, and property of the enterprise in general is determined. It is proved that such property is be closely related to the application of computer equipment and computer networks such as the Internet. In order to summarize the selected features and characteristics of this type of property, it is proposed to combine them into the separate group called «Electronic Property». Allocated objects are neither things nor property rights, the amount of money invested in this property is huge, and the turnover from the sale of goods and services via the Internet (online stores) is significant. On the global scale, such manipulations make it possible to clarify the concept and meaning of the term «intangible assets». The concept of «electronic property» is defined as property that has no material, natural form, which functions exclusively in conjunction with the physical resources of personal computers or computer networks. In order to organize the accounting of the investigated type of property, it is proposed to combine it into a separate accounting group «electronic assets» and to use for reflection in the accounting system the following accounts of the Chart of Accounts: 128 sub-account – «electronic assets», 136 subaccount – «depreciation of electronic assets». The main stages of accounting for non-current assets: identification and definition of non-current assets; classification of non-current assets; evaluation of non-current assets for accounting purposes; criteria, norms, methods of depreciation; principles of objects depreciation impossibility; procedure (methodology) for accounting of non-current assets aiming to determine the financial result are identified.
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Skorobogatova, Natalia. "Objects of Intellectual Property Right in the Accounting System." Accounting and Finance, no. 1(91) (2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-1(91)-20-28.
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The rapid introduction of software products and other objects of intellectual property rights in the context of the fourth industrial revolution requires the improvement of methodical approaches to identifying the costs of their acquisition and creation. Such approaches will allow unambiguously determining the corresponding costs in the accounting system and reflecting them in the financial statements. The purpose of the article is to disclose the essence and identification of criteria for the recognition of intellectual property objects in the accounting system, taking into account the specifics of the use of information and communication technologies. Based on the analysis of domestic regulatory and methodical documents regulating the accounting for intangible assets, and international accounting standards, a number of inconsistent points have been identified on identifying the costs of acquiring and creating intellectual property objects and the conditions for their inclusion in current expenses or the initial cost of fixed assets. For the purpose of justified identification of these costs as an accounting object, the criteria for recognizing costs for the acquisition and creation of intellectual property objects have been systematized using the example of software products. The approach proposed by the author will contribute to the reasonable formation of the corresponding costs and their reflection in the accounting and reporting of the enterprise. Based on this, it will be possible to determine the objective financial results of the enterprise and evaluate its value. It was also proposed to apply a unified approach to determining the value of an object of intellectual property rights as an object of accounting and an investment object. This will allow introducing a unified monitoring system for long-term expenses in the accounting of the enterprise.
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Hrytsai, Iryna, Oleksandr Yunin, and Antonina Matsola. "SPECIAL APPROACHES TO ALLOCATION OF TYPES OF SERVITUDES FROM THE ACCOUNTING POSITIONS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-53-58.
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Articulation of issues. A number of bases, positions, which previously were recognized as the only correct and irrefutable, served as the foundation of legal regulation of civil relations. But now they do not fully correspond to modern tendencies in the development of civil law science. That is why, today, it should be mentioned about the formation of a new doctrine, which can meet the requirements of the formation and development of the rule-of-law state. In such conditions, it is obvious that the scientific and theoretical study of individual approaches to the allocation of types of servitudes from the standpoint of accounting will contribute to the improvement of civil-law relations, to the formation of a clear and coherent system. At the same time, the variety of scientific views about types of way-leaves constantly encourages the implementation and improvement of scientific research in the field of property rights for someone else’s property. In this context, the issue of the implementation of contractual, inheritance, and land relations for servitudes becomes very important and necessary. Also, another important question is: Are specific legislative approaches to allocation of servitudes on the basis of specific features fixed in legislation or not? Has the legislator stopped only on land and personal servitude? The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and legal possibilities and approaches to the allocation of way-leaves on the basis of specific features from the standpoint of accounting and jurisprudence. Also, another aim is to attract the attention of legal scholars to possible further scientific researches on the introduction of this phenomenon in modern civil legislation of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the individual approaches to the allocation of types of servitudes from the standpoint of accounting. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of legal acts, which are connected with legal regulation of way-leave relations in Ukraine. On the basis of the comparative legal method of investigation of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation, the possibilities and limits of the use of types of servitudes in contractual hereditary and land relations are determined. Results of this study have shown that special approaches to the allocation of way-leaves on the basis of specific features in Ukraine are in a real legal vacuum. Such a conclusion is based on the lack of legislative clarification and consolidation of other types of servitudes, which are not connected with the material component. Thus, property rights under the Tax Code of Ukraine are intangible assets, and the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine consolidate the material constituent of real rights to someone else’s property. From the standpoint of accounting, we can talk about the presence of intangible servitudes that are associated with the recognition and accounting of intangible assets. If this gap will be solved, then we can talk about the revision of the characteristics of way-leaves, relying on the positions of other branches of law. Practical impact. The idea that certain positions of intangible servitude are contained in national law is rather necessary and expedient. So, we can talk about corporate rights as a person’s rights, the share of which is determined in the statutory fund (property) of a business organization. These rights include the competence to participate in the management of a business entity, obtaining a certain percentage of profits (dividends) of this organization and assets in case of liquidation of it in accordance with the law, as well as other powers provided by law and statutory documents and, for example, the rights to use websites, or aspects of commercial secrecy. Correlation/originality. An analysis of the possible use of other types of way-leaves than those, which are enshrined in civil law in contractual, inheritance, land relations can become the basis for developing the most promising directions for the development of domestic civil law in this area and improving the civil law doctrine.
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Yasyshena, Valentyna, and Viktor Pyliavets. "Methods of analysis of intangible assets of enterprises." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2021): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.1-2.21.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is the isolation, systematization and improvement of methodological approaches that must be taken into account when analysing the intangible assets of enterprises. Methodology of research. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of research in the analysis of intangible assets. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific methods (abstraction, comparison, generalization, grouping, systematization, analysis, synthesis), which are used in the analysis of intangible assets; graphical method – for a visual representation of intangible assets, calculated on the basis of financial statements of enterprises; abstract and logical method – to formulate research conclusions. Findings. The successive stages of the methodology of analysis of intangible assets are identified through the definition of the following indicators: value dynamics; the share of intangible assets in the property of the enterprise; suitability; movement; efficiency of use; general trends in efficiency. The obtained results of the method of analysis of intangible assets on the basis of approbation according to the financial statements of food industry enterprises in Vinnytsia region are revealed. It is substantiated and proposed to take into account the main requirements in determining the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets, namely: indicators of the volume of intangible assets in the financial statements are objective; with a sufficient share of intangible assets in the property of the enterprise during the period, their level increases; indicators of suitability, compensation, growth, profitability and turnover and their dynamics are positive. The general trend of efficiency of use of intangible assets, the ratio of the growth rate of intangible assets is maintained to establish at a lower level than the growth rate of revenue from sales of goods, products, works, services and profit. Originality. The requirements that must be taken into account when conducting an analysis of the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets, which, in contrast to the existing approach, are established and substantiated allows you to take into account a number of factors that affect the objective determination of the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets and to approach the analysis objectively. Practical value. The implementation of the recommendations proposed in the publication to improve the methodology of analysis of intangible assets will help increase the efficiency of their use and management. The results of the study have found practical application in the food industry of Ukraine. Key words: intangible assets, analysis, accounting, financial reporting, dynamics, efficiency, food industry.
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Ioniţă, Cătălin Gabriel. "The need for rethinking the model of assessing value in the digital economy context." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2020-0017.
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AbstractIn recent years, companies have begun to promote an economy based on knowledge and information, characterized by rapid economic changes, so the production of tangible goods has no longer been the main source of value, this being replaced by the creation and management of intangible assets, which are often not reflected in the accounting documents at the real market value because of the restrictive criteria for accounting valuation and recognition. Nowadays, the economy is based mainly on intangible assets and therefore they must be recognized in the financial statements of the companies, so that the shareholders and the investors have a clearer picture of company value. This paper aims to propose a model that can analyze the effects of intellectual capital and subcomponents of intangible assets on company value and the sustainable growth of firms listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. Until now, it is unknown which kind of sub-components of intangible assets make firms listed at Bucharest Stock Exchange to have sustainable growth or are more useful to enhance firm value. The proposed model includes data referring to intellectual capital, computerized information, innovative property, economic competences and VEKTOR index, which was developed by the Romanian Investor Relations Association so that the shareholders and the investors have a clearer picture of company when it comes to Relationship with Investors, Corporate Governance, Proactive Approach in IR, Interactive IR Instruments, Coverage by Financial Analysts and Sustainability.
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Bodle, Kerry, Mark Brimble, Scott Weaven, Lorelle Frazer, and Levon Blue. "Critical success factors in managing sustainable indigenous businesses in Australia." Pacific Accounting Review 30, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-02-2016-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate success factors pertinent to the management of Indigenous businesses through the identification of points of intervention at the systemic and structural levels. Through this approach, the economic and social values that First Nations communities attach to intangible Indigenous cultural heritage (ICH) and Indigenous cultural intellectual property (ICIP) may be both recognised and realised as assets. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach to address a global issue of economic and social significance to First Nation peoples, their businesses and the Australian Aboriginal communities. The authors adopt a First Nation epistemological standpoint that incorporates theoretical perspectives drawn from a diverse range of fields and theories (Preston, 2013), as well as advocate the use of Indigenist methodology for research with First Nation peoples as it is underpinned by critical race theory. Findings The authors argue conceptually that accounting, accountability and auditing consideration are required to fully identify what is impacting the successful management of Indigenous enterprises. Specifically, in relation to accounting, Elders should be included to assist in valuing the intangible ICH and ICIP assets. Furthermore, the authors emphasise the need to improve the financial and commercial literacy levels of Indigenous entrepreneurs. Practical implications The authors prescribe the use of tools for the accounting treatment of ICH and ICIP as intangible assets within an Australian regulatory environment and define an auditing process and accountability model incorporating cultural, social and environmental measures. A central tenet of this model relates to improving levels of personal and commercial financial literacy in the First Nation participants. Collectively, these factors promote informed participation and decision-making, and may promulgate more sustainable outcomes. Social implications Integrated thinking requires all these factors to be considered in a holistic manner, such that a First Nation enterprise and the wider Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people can understand, and make decisions based on, the overall impact it has on all their stakeholders and generally on the society, the environment and the economy. Originality/value This paper contributes to Australia’s strategic research priorities of maximising social and economic participation in society and improving the health and well-being of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The authors address the inability of current Western accounting standards, practices and models to suitably account for communally held and protocol-bound intangible Indigenous cultural heritage and Indigenous cultural intellectual property assets.
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BYKOVA, Olga Nicolaevna, Andrey Petrovich GARNOV, Dmitry Evgenievich MORKOVKIN, Pavel Victorovich STROEV, Lyudmila Gennadievna RUDENKO, Alevtina V. ZONOVA, Rimma V. LIVANOVА, and Natalia Ivanovna ISAICHYKOVA. "Comparative Analysis of Russian and Foreign Experience in Managing Enterprises' Intellectual Property." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).06.
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The objective of the research is to study Russian and foreign experience in managing intellectual property in the authorized capital, as well as to develop ways to improve the approaches to the capitalization of an enterprise’s intellectual property.
 Methods: The role and quantity of the results of intellectual activity as a company's competitive advantage are increasing in the modern world. Intellectual capital is the main resource for a company. In Russian practice, there is a lack of awareness about the proper maintenance of accounting and effective management of intellectual property. Therefore, the authors, first, conducted a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign practices and identified the ways and areas for improvement. Second, the authors considered the specifics of creating an intellectual property management system at an enterprise. Third, they developed the methods for adapting foreign experience to the Russian economy. Fourth, the prospects for accounting the intellectual property items in the authorized capital of enterprises were considered.
 Recommendations were made for accounting and tax accounting. In cases when intangible assets are included in the turnover, an acceptable cost should be guaranteed, and the maximum value should be set for the commercialization of intellectual property. Second, special attention should be paid to the development of recommendations aimed at improving the results of the use of intellectual property and intellectual rights, which will lead to an increase in productivity and speed of work. The study results will allow improving the financial condition of a company through the capitalization of an organization’s intellectual property from the perspective of foreign experience. The proposed methods will help organizations to improve their financial condition through the capitalization of their intellectual property items.
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Shibata, Tokutaro. "On the Financial Business Cycle Theory of J. R. Commons: Institutional Economics of Incorporeal Property and Intangible Property." Journal of Economic Issues 54, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 918–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2020.1816122.
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Heller, J., and Daria Zlachevskaia. "Is it possible to improve methods of intellectual property valuation?" Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 45, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9568.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify ways to improve or simplify the quality and accuracy of IP valuations via accounting regulation improvements. Methodology/approach: This research relies on qualitative research methods such as case law analysis and comparative research of accounting standards and approaches. Findings: Evidence from this study points towards the conclusion that financial statements currently only reflect a historic financial record of the particular business, profoundly biased by a conservative tangible assets perspective. The central thesis of this study is that it makes sense to adopt a comprehensive intellectual property valuation strategy to ascertain the specific value of the intangible assets since the comprehensive application of valuation models is likely to yield superior results to using them separately. Research limitations/implications: Although the proposed approach seeks to bring more clarity to the valuation process while simplifying the appraisal of intellectual property assets, its efficacy is subject to increased transparency, a maturing intellectual property market, and credible data availability. Originality/value: This study makes a valuable contribution to research on methods that facilitate accurate intellectual property valuation while offering an alternative valuation model which combines the strengths of individual valuation models.
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Aksonova, Natalіa. "POTENTIAL OF NON-MATERIAL CULTURAL HERITAGE IN GLOBALIZATION CONDITIONS: STATE AND PERSPECTIVES." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 48 (2019): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.48.62-73.
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Goal. Substantiation of theoretical and methodological approaches to the issues of promoting the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian nation in the tourism sector and ensuring sustainable development of rural areas by granting this property the status of regional or national intangible cultural heritage. Method. During the research abstract-logical method was used, which allowed to reveal the theoretical aspects of the functioning of the intangible cultural heritage. Used analytical, comparative and synthetic methods for studying scientific approaches to this phenomenon. Results It is explored that the replenishment of the diversity of the intangible cultural heritage of the regional, national, and subsequently international levels, will substantially increase the valorisation of the cultural heritage and will contribute to the tourist attractiveness of the destinations, and the development of green tourism. It is noted that the possibility of improving the state of affairs with the protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine through the use of the potential of bringing all ethnicities to the list of regional and national intangible cultural heritage. Scientific novelty. The challenges and threats of globalization in the field of culture, as the main factor driving the tourist territory, are determined. Recommendations on further promotion of tourist attractiveness of rural territories in the conditions of globalization are given because of the intangible cultural heritage. Practical significance. Publications materials can be used when substantiating the inclusion of objects in the bases of intangible cultural heritage. The necessity of introduction of electronic accounting of objects of intangible cultural heritage at levels – village, district, region is grounded. It is proposed to develop business plans of separate territories on the basis of valorisation of intangible cultural heritage.
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Yu, Tong, Bingxuan Lin, Henry R. Oppenheimer, and Xuanjuan Chen. "Intangible Assets and Firm Asset Risk Taking: An Analysis of Property and Liability Insurance Firms." Risk Management & Insurance Review 11, no. 1 (March 2008): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6296.2008.00136.x.
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Brajcich, Andrew M., Daniel L. Friesner, and Tim J. Schibik. "Do US pharmaceutical companies strategically shift income to international affiliates?" Multinational Business Review 24, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2015-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically identify incentives that drive resource shifting by US pharmaceutical firms to comparatively low-tax jurisdictions. Design/methodology/approach Using a panel of publicly listed companies, we investigate whether resource shifting is facilitated by two underlying factors. First, we examine whether pharmaceutical manufacturers whose intangible assets are disproportionately held as intellectual property are more or less likely to shift resources to jurisdictions outside of the USA. Second, we empirically determine whether manufacturers that derive most of their revenues from producing a specific type of product are more or less likely to shift income-producing resources to their international affiliates. Findings The empirical results suggest that pharmaceutical factors do practice strategic resource shifting. Moreover, pharmaceutical manufacturers which produce biologic medications are significantly less likely than other manufacturers to practice resource shifting. We find no evidence to suggest that firms whose intangible assets are more composed of intellectual property are any more or less likely to practice resource shifting. Originality/value To date, a plethora of studies exist which examine resource shifting in a large, general population of multinational corporations. However, there are relatively few studies that examine international resource shifting in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Karlik, A. E., V. V. Platonov, E. A. Jakovleva, and O. S. Pavlova. "INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AUGMENTED NAVIGATOR FOR DECISION MAKING IN THE INFORMATION AND NETWORKED ECONOMY." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2018.9.3.338-350.
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Purpose: the study presented in this article is aimed at improving the methodological tools for assessing intellectual capital, taking into account changes caused by the emerging of the information and network economy and deepening of digitalization.Methods: the article is prepared using a system thinking, a set of general theoretical and economic methods, structural-logical modeling and graphical methods for presention of information.Results: a structural and logical model of the navigator of intellectual capital is developed to take into account the complete set of resources of the enterprise operating in the information and network economy, including resources related to network interaction and the application of new production and management technologies. The shortcomings of the limitation of the existing model of the intellectual capital navigator have been identified and the approaches for their elimination have been substantiated. A new design of the structural and logical model has been developed to match the intellectual capital navigator with the accounting model of the corporate balance sheet. The content, hierarchy and interrelationships of the tangible and intangible resources are refined. The augmented model of the intellectual capital navigator incorporates know-how concept consisting of the production and organizational-management know-how, as well as it includes the concepts of "brand" and "business model" in accordance with the principle of emergence of a system thinking to meet the challenge of complexity.Conclusions and relevance: the intellectual capital navigator is a promising methodological tool for the comprehensive accounting of the corporate tangible and intangible resources and presenting of information for management decision-making in order to overcome the limitations of the traditional accounting model. These limitations became especially significant with the emerging of the information and network economy and the deepening of digitalization. At the same time, the initial structural and logical model of the intellectual capital navigator has some shortcomings that do not allow to apply in full extent to decision-making. The modified intellectual capital navigator eliminates the most significant shortcomings associated with the non-conformity of the model to accounting principles, its internal contradictions that hamper the consistent accounting of the parts of intellectual property, and develops a structural and logical model for better accounting of intangible resources associated with the interaction of entities in the information and network economy.
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Безденежных, В. М., and Н. М. Ярцева. "Convergence of Russian and international accounting rules of intangible assets on the example of the pharmaceutical industry: trends, risks and ways to overcome them." Voprosy regionalnoj ekonomiki, no. 3(44) (September 15, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2078-4023-2020-44-3-161-167.
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Главной проблемой в учете нематериальных активов фармацевтических компаний является ограниченность возможностей учета затрат, которые могут быть капитализированы в стоимость научно-исследовательского актива. Это негативно сказывается на рентабельности их бизнеса и финансовой устойчивости компании как факторе обеспечения ее экономической безопасности. Одним из направлений снижения этих затрат является возможность в отчетности, составленной по международным стандартам, использовать более широкий спектр неосязаемого имущества, что дает российским фармацевтическим компаниям дополнительные конкурентные преимущества. The main problem of intangible assets accounting of pharmaceutical companies is the limited expenses scope which might be capitalized in costs of scientific research asset. This problem not only determines the company's strategy, but also leads to a number of difficulties in managing and developing enterprises, primarily in the financial sector, but also in assessing risks of determining strategic priorities and selecting current management methods. This has a negative influence on the business profitability and the financial stability of the company. The wider spectrum of intangible property which brings additional competitive advantages to pharmaceutical companies is disclosed in the IFRS reporting.
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SÁIZ, PATRICIO, and RAFAEL CASTRO. "Foreign Direct Investment and Intellectual Property Rights: International Intangible Assets in Spain over the Long Term." Enterprise & Society 18, no. 4 (April 26, 2017): 846–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2016.92.
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This article reflects on foreign direct investment (FDI) and intellectual property rights (IPRs) over the long term, and analyzes the case of Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the interactions between IPRs and FDI have attracted significant research efforts in distinct economic and business areas, the results lack permanent answers. Our findings demonstrate that, from a macro-level perspective: (1) FDI and IPRs are effectively related over the long term; (2) weak IPR protection does not seem to have stopped FDI; and (3) the countries with major FDI in Spain were less worried about IPR management than were other countries with less FDI.
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Babii, Petro, and Iryna Fedorovych. "MODELING OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN DOMESTIC ECONOMY." Regional’ni aspekti rozvitku produktivnih sil Ukraїni, no. 23 (2018): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/rarrpsu2018.23.104.
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The main categories of human labor are outlined and it is found out that it is the basis of the formation of intellectual rent. The mathematical calculation of the amount of intellectual rent is proposed. We studied all kinds of rent and it was established that in the domestic practice there is no corresponding accounting mechanism. Considered the additional income received by economic entities from intangible resources. It is proposed to consider intellectual rent as a component of economic (unnatural) rent and it is established that attention should be paid to the sources of its occurrence, the peculiarities of formation and distribution. The intellectual rent at the micro level was studied, which enabled to develop a reverse-differentiated model of intellectual development of intellectual rent. The ways of obtaining intellectual rent at the macroeconomic level have been investigated and it has been established that to maximize it it is necessary to win monopolistic positions. The generalization of the need for a social rethinking of expediency of using natural resources by outdated methods and increasing the use of innovations to increase incomes is generalized.
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Prasetyo, Bambang Budi, and Dian Agustia. "ANALISIS DAMPAK RENCANA PENERAPAN ISAK 16: PENYELENGGARAAN PRASARANA KERETA API RINGAN/ LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 16, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v16i2.8101.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the implementation plan of ISAK 16 by KAI, the other purpose of this research is to discuss what issues might be faced by KAI in the plan to implement ISAK 16. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive research method. The study found that the implementation plan of ISAK 16 by KAI will have an impact on accounting problems, the problems that will be faced are the problems of revenue recognition to construction services, the decline in the value of intangible assets and the recognition of fixed assets. Based on the impact of the implementation plan of ISAK 16 by KAI, the recognition of revenues to construction services can be fiscal corrected, the decline in the value of intangible assets can be minimized by continuing to generate future cash flows from subsequent use of assets or other assets and ask for clarification and affirmation to Dewan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (DSAK) on the issue of recognition of property and equipment.
 Keywords: Infrastructure, Concession Agreement, Light Rail Transit
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Brukhanskyi, Ruslan, and Tetiana Bincharovska. "THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTING IN THE SPHERE OF LAND USE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.305.
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Introduction. It is proved that according to the way of acquiring property rights and use, land resources in the modern accounting system are considered as fixed assets on ownership rights ( which are the assets of the enterprise, the rights of possession, use and disposal are fully exercised by according); intangible assets for use (which are considered as an object of accounting, for which the regulatory functions are limited); objects of lease relations ( which are accounted on off-balance sheet accounts); investment property (which is held for the purpose of obtaining lease payments and / or increase of own capital). In the course of the research it is established that the potential introduction of a full-fledged land market for agricultural purposes forms certain restrictions and problems for accounting of land resources in agrarian enterprises. They are connected with the lack of a unified method of transfer of land owned or used by enterprises from one form of ownership to another. In order to avoid such problems, the article proposes a universal algorithm for land use accounting in agricultural enterprises. Its use will ensure a reliable representation of transactions with land plots and their use despite the form of the ownership. It will also enable the automation of accounting processes in the field of land use. Purpose. The article aims to identify the characteristics of accounting in the field of land use and to develop practical proposals for improving the current methodology of displaying agricultural land resources in accounting. Results. On the basis of analysis of the characteristics of land accounting, taking into account the classification of land ownership forms, a universal algorithm for land use registration at agricultural enterprises has been formed. The use of this algorithm with the introduction of an automated form of accounting at agricultural enterprises will enable accounting officers to reflect on accounts all transactions with agricultural land, regardless of the ownership of them.
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Pozdnyakov, Yuriy, and Maria Lapishko. "CONCORDANCE OF THE COLLISION OF NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR TRADEMARK COST DETERMINATION." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.043.
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Introduction. Some requirements for determining the value of a trademark of regulatory accounting and independent valuation bases are substantially controversial. This fact creates a normative and legal collision between them. This leads to the high relevance of the problem of coordination of these requirements. Purpose. The article aims to investigate the influence of the revealed contradictions of regulatory accounting requirements and independent evaluation of the determination of a trademark value on the validity of the choice of valuation methodological approaches and procedures; search and justify the possible ways to overcome the identified collision; determine the value of the trademark of normative and legal accounting; offer solutions that make it possible to avoid uncertainties caused by the presence of contradictions established in the study; substantiate the choice of appropriate valuation of methodological approaches and specification of the peculiarities of performance of valuation procedures. Method (methodology). The general methodological basis of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the individual provisions of the normative accounting and independent valuation with the subsequent discovery of the existing contradictions and the synthesis of useful practical conclusions about the possibilities of contradictions coordination. Results. The list of costs that can be taken in to account when applying the cost approach to the value of a trademark has been analysed and specified. It has been revealed that these types of expenses from the point of view of the current legislative and normative and legal frame work of accounting are not considered as intangible assets. However, the fact of their implementation increases the value of trademarks that relate to intangible assets in terms of both regulatory bases under the investigation. It has been proposed to take into account expenses that indirectly relate to the trademark in its value only in part, using a lowering factor that is less than one. The appropriateness of the use of cost (property) methodological approach in assessing the market value of trademarks has been reasoned and theoretically grounded. It has been done as we can observe the normative and legal collision between the normative bases under investigation while applying methodical approaches.
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Shevtsov, Yu. "Theory of digital economy." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 7 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760015757-1.
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The article discusses the basic provisions of the theory of the digital economy, synthesizing the practical experience of its formation in Russian society. The new content of commodity-money relations, the leading role of intangible assets in it, the objective nature of the monopoly of electronic money (the latter having lost a number of its specific functions), and the transformation of monetary institutions into diversified financial concerns are considered. The author substantiates the need to exclude individuals from taxation and to focus it on the fiscal accounting of intellectual, digital property and capital, in order to turn the budget into a financial instrument of redistribution of gross public product in favor of the disadvantaged. The concept of a two-tier economy is introduced, in which the class of intermediaries parasitizing on societal achievements is gradually eliminated.
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Loyarte, Edurne, Igor Garcia-Olaizola, Gorka Marcos, María Moral, Nora Gurrutxaga, Julian Florez-Esnal, and Iñaki Azua. "Model for calculating the intellectual capital of research centres." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 787–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-01-2017-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a model to help RTC managers in the technological and R&D decisions and bets so as to change the perceived value of the R&D projects of the centres. To achieve this aim, the paper investigates the different models for the valuation of intangible assets. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a single case study and focusses on creating a useful IC valuation model for the centre, using existing methods and frameworks in IP and IC fields. Findings The paper presents a new method for the calculation of IC applied to a RTC in ICT sector, in which the valuation of the IP is included (software libraries) and the KM and the peculiarities of these kinds of organisations are explained. The model is based on Edvinsson and Malone (1997) and Leitner (2005). Research limitations/implications Although the use of a single case provides rich data, it is also limits the generalisability to other RTCs. Another limitation is that not all existing methods were explained. This new method constitutes a first proposal for the IP and IC valuation in RTCs and further discussion and development would be carried out in the future. Practical implications The results suggest an IP and IC measurement model to improve the strategic and technological decisions making. Social implications This paper may favour the competitiveness of companies engaged in intangible assets (knowledge, R&D) and the negotiation of the contracts since it arrives to determine a value for the intellectual property (software libraries) and intellectual capital. Originality/value This paper proposes an IC Model orientated towards an RTC context and to provide a value perspective for them. The authors are practitioners and the model is in use.
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NAZARENKO, Y. A. "INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF THE ENTERPRISE, ITS ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE." Economic innovations 20, no. 1(66) (March 20, 2018): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.1(66).128-134.
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Topicality. The transition of developed countries to postindustrial society caused increased attention to the research of intellectual capital of enterprises. Purpose and tasks. The purpose of the article is to systematize approaches to the definition of "intellectual capital" and its structure. Results. The systematization of different approaches to the definition of intellectual capital, which was carried out by I. Proskvirina, showed a lack of a common point of view on this phenomenon. This is due to the interdisciplinary nature of the study of intellectual capital. R. Gavrilova divided the existing definitions of �intellectual capital� into three groups, respectively, from the point of view of management, accounting, and human capital. Existing views on the structure of intellectual capital are based on the classification of its element, proposed by T. Stewart - human, organizational and client capital. Considered ideas about the structure of intellectual capital are very similar and include human capital, organizational and client capital. some representations also include emotional capital, process capital, intellectual property, market assets, etc. All types of capital that are part of the structure of intellectual capital, with the exception of human capital, have not received wide recognition and have not been studied by a wide range of scientists. This does not allow to establish conformity with the existing generally accepted views on types of capital and does not allow the use of the results of numerous studies on these types of capital (social capital, intangible assets). In this regard, the author's vision is the structure of intellectual capital, consisting of human capital, intangible assets and social capital. This made it possible to propose a new definition of �intellectual capital�. Conclusions. The proposed definition of �intellectual capital�, its structure and its components allows it to be considered not only in relation to enterprises, but also at the regional and national levels. This opens up new opportunities for assessing intellectual capital, using existing methods for evaluating human capital, intangible assets and social capital.
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Ndlovu, Lonias. "Enhancing the Value of Patents as Corporate Assets in South Africa: How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assist?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (June 23, 2021): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10736.
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Although the accounting definition of assets contemplates intangible, abstract assets such as those embodied in intellectual property (IP), South African company law largely views IP as a legal and not a business asset. This paper tentatively suggests an approach that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to mitigate weaknesses in the South African patent law relating to the absence of patent searches and examinations. It is hoped that using AI will enable the filing of quality patents that satisfy the prescribed patentability criteria. High-quality patents will allow companies to accumulate patents as corporate assets. The approach is based on the algorithmic use of AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, deep learning alongside the Internet of Things, and IP analytics to strengthen South Africa’s IP system and create asset value for corporations. The paper recommends using the proposed AI technologies by companies and the Patents Office to enable the filing of high-quality patents, which will lead to the accumulation of corporate assets in the form of patents. The methodology is doctrinal, and the paper relies on recent literature on IP and AI, South African law, case law and examples drawn from studies conducted in other countries.
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Lim, Si Jie, Gregory White, Alina Lee, and Yuni Yuningsih. "A longitudinal study of voluntary disclosure quality in the annual reports of innovative firms." Accounting Research Journal 30, no. 01 (May 2, 2017): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-08-2013-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to measure mean voluntary intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) quality score for a sample of Australian Stock Exchange-listed biotechnology firms in the 2003, 2006 and 2010 reporting periods. The aim was to use data for the same companies over the whole period to discover whether the quality of voluntary reporting practice was improving over time, measuring lagged-mean ICD quality score against possible determinants of management disclosure practice. Design/methodology/approach Mean ICD quality score, and associated frequency data, was measured against possible determinants of managers’ disclosure practice. The dependent variable was an 18-item classification of ICD based on Sveiby’s Intangible Assets Monitor (Sveiby, 1997). Data collected from S&P Capital IQ database were used to compare ICD disclosure quality with possible drivers: competition (capital intensity); performance (profit and market returns); monitoring (audit firm and ownership); and control variables (revenue and leverage). Findings Mean voluntary disclosures of internal capital and external capital lower the quality over time using paired sample t-test comparison against 2003 as a base year. The lowest quality disclosure was about human capital, and the highest quality was about internal capital. Individual disclosure items within internal, external and human capital classification showed that internal capital items (intellectual property, corporate culture, management processes and financial relations) and external capital item (customers) were the significant contributors. Investigation of drivers using Spearman’s correlation against lagged ICD data showed that performance (relative market returns) and monitoring (ownership diffusion) were significant drivers of voluntary ICD, both in expected and unexpected ways. Originality/value Voluntary ICD quality and quantity are rarely measured in the same paper. The findings are unique and interesting especially for innovative Australian R&D firms when compared to recent findings for a larger sample of French companies.
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Aloini, Davide, Valentina Lazzarotti, Raffaella Manzini, and Luisa Pellegrini. "IP, openness, and innovation performance: an empirical study." Management Decision 55, no. 6 (July 10, 2017): 1307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2016-0230.
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Purpose Intellectual property protection mechanisms (IPPMs) include a variety of methods suitable for protecting valuable intangible assets of companies, and it is of great relevance to study how companies use these mechanisms to ensure the appropriability of innovation, in a context in which innovation is increasingly open. Indeed, there is a tension between the aim to share knowledge with external partners and the need to protect valuable know-how. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship among the use of IPPMs, open innovation (OI), and the innovation performance of companies. Design/methodology/approach The study is based upon a survey conducted on 477 firms from Finland, Italy, Sweden, and UK in 2012. Findings The study shows that IPPMs have an indirect impact on innovation performance, mediated by the degree of openness. More precisely, IPPMs positively influence the level of openness, which, in turn, positively influences the innovation performance. Originality/value The empirical analysis contributes on two issues widely debated in the literature: the impact of IPPMs on innovation performance and the role of IPPMs as enablers or disablers of OI.
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Kee, Tris. "Sustainable adaptive reuse – economic impact of cultural heritage." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-06-2018-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the positive externalities of adaptive reuse of heritage buildings and the economic impact on adjacent residential property prices as adaptive reuse is emerging as a significant heritage management and cultural heritage conservation practice recognized by the International Council on Monuments and Sites. Design/methodology/approach Through mixed methodologies of hedonic price model and case studies of three tenement houses in Hong Kong, this paper argues that the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings increases the values of residential properties within the district and revitalizes the area economically and culturally because of the positive externalities generated from the cultural heritage. Findings The findings have identified key cultural heritage values of adaptive reuse via the case studies as well as the major intangible cultural values associated with the heritage assignment. On the other hand, the hedonic regression also verifies that key variables such as heritage completion and distance from heritage show significance to the property prices of adjacent residential units. Practical implications The research is useful for heritage conservationists, policy makers and urban planners in other cities with regards to management and implementation of sustainable cultural heritage revitalization schemes for economic benefits. Originality/value The research is original in its scope and context, and is one of the first of its kind for a high-density metropolitan context in Hong Kong and is significant in demonstrating the economic impact of the heritage practice of adaptive reuse.
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Nguyen, Amy Linh Thuy. "FDI inflows and intellectual property rights for MNEs in emerging markets: an alternative approach through the lens of trademarks in Vietnam (1986-2016)." Multinational Business Review 28, no. 4 (July 6, 2020): 483–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2019-0140.
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Purpose While the current anti-globalisation wave is considered as a regional and cyclical relapse among Western countries, the new era of globalisation has shifted away from stagnant developed economies towards the rising prosperity of emerging Asia, where it is attracting substantial global inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Focussing on Vietnam, the country that is seen as Asia’s next economic tiger, the question of how important intellectual properties (IP) protection is in the international competition for FDI inflows is still unsettled, especially on the under-researched topic of trademarks. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes on the business history approach, which allows rich evidence from the dynamic and evolving natures of multinational enterprises (MNEs) to drive the research process, so that international business scholars can test models rigorously. The evidence provided in this paper is essentially qualitative and combines trademark registrations data, with trade and FDI statistics between 1986 and 2016, also draws on companies’ archives, industry reports and related newspaper articles. Findings This paper provides the chronology of intellectual property right (IPR) legal landscapes and the dynamic co-evolution of trademarks and FDI inflows in Vietnam. Three trademark protection strategies for MNEs and their patterns here are addressed. The paper also argues that trademarks bring new insights and IP protection strategy for pharmaceutical MNEs for the case of Vietnam is as important in trademarks as it is in patents. In emerging markets with strong incentives for FDI such as Vietnam, MNEs are not necessarily put off by weak IPR, but rather create alternative strategies for dealing with the lack of IP protection in these emerging market settings. Originality/value This study challenges the stream of thoughts that view trademarks as a “neglected intangible asset” among different IPRs, while in fact, trademarks advance MNEs’ knowledge by ensuring competitiveness and long-run survival in emerging markets. This paper is among the first few attempts to look at pharmaceutical industry through the lens of trademarks, moving away from the traditional patent-focussed approach. It extends the understanding of OLI paradigm and highlights that MNEs need to possess Oa and Op advantages not only at the beginning of internationalisation process but rather evolving through the time to cope with imitation risks in the host country.
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Whittaker, Louise, and Graunt Kruger. "Turning on the township: financial inclusion in South Africa." European Business Review 31, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 420–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-01-2018-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore practitioner and academic conceptualisations about what drives individuals (who are the target of financial inclusion efforts) to adopt and use financial services. It compares this with individual’s personal subjectivities to understand how the similarities and differences might contribute to problems in financial inclusion efforts. Design/methodology/approach To uncover such conceptualisations, a Foucauldian discourse analysis of three texts is conducted. Findings The analysis uncovers the ways in which financial subjects are produced. Important points of discontinuity are evident between texts, pointing to potential failures within financial inclusion constructs. Distilling aspects of continuity between texts shows up three kinds of subjects produced predicated on the site of economic engagement as owners of bodies, tangible property and intangible property. These subjects are shown to all share concerns with income and expense management. The analysis shows that subject positions and strategic actions (including the use of financial service providers) are mutually reinforcing, and that therefore financial subjects will engage only to the extent that the product or service enacts their subject position. With the financial subject as the starting point, it is possible to understand the use or rejection of particular financial products and services. Research limitations/implications Asset building is proposed as a field of activity not currently considered part of mainstream financial inclusion, questioning the terms on which individuals are to be financially “included”. Originality/value Approximately 2 billion people globally, and 66 per cent of adults in sub-Saharan Africa, are excluded from the formal financial system. While financial inclusion is considered beneficial, many projects face significant challenges. This suggests insufficient understanding of what drives individuals to adopt and use financial services. This paper makes a contribution by exploring the gap between academics, practitioners and individuals using a method that has not previously been applied in this field, and uncovering differences in understanding that have not previously been explored. The insights into financial inclusion in provided in this paper are original in the literature.
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Szőke, Réka, Zoltán Bács, Ildikó Dékán Tamásné Orbán, and Tamás Dékán. "Information content of a sports undertaking’s statements serving different purposes – particularly with reference to the player rights." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 9, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2015): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2015/1-2/21.
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In the 21st century, sport is not just a fun, social cohesive force but also a business; it has become an independent industry by now and several countries possess developed sport markets. According to estimates, sport accounts for 4% of the EU’s GDP. The actuality of our research is given by the fact that the economic aspect of sports develops continuously which is also due to that more and more amounts already stream into sports in our days. In Hungary, sport is mainly state aided and has mostly financing problems while the sport businesses existing in the more developed Western Europe are principally sponsored by the private sector. The government considers sport as a strategic branch (HERCZEG et al, 2015) and manages as such because they see the international breakthrough potencies in sport as well. Sport companies must also adapt the business-based thinking, which requires the strategic planning and operation (BECSKY, 2011). The research covers the subject of economic approach of the players’ rights. The task of accounting is to give a true and fair image about the property, income and financial situation of an undertaking. Information provided by accounting is essential for both the management decisionmaking and the market operators. In Hungary, the sports undertakings, as each managing entity, have to prepare their statements according to the Act C of 2000 on Accounting (AoA.) (NAGY – BÁCSNÉ BÁBA, 2014). The purpose of this research is to examine how a domestic sports undertaking demonstrates the value of available players in the books and how the incomes and expenditures incurred with the players are accounted for, based on the regulations of the Hungarian, international associations and the Union of European Football Associations (hereinafter: UEFA). In order that the leaders of the businesses can make quick and appropriate economic decisions, it is essential in this intensively changing world that an enterprise should have a well-functioning accounting system based on up-to-date information. International Financial Reporting Standards (hereinafter: IFRS) are intended to provide the comparability across borders. Firstly, we deal with the accounting reporting system, both the Hungarian, international financial reporting standards and, relating to UEFA, the investigation of the intangible assets to a great extent during analysing the balance sheets. Then, we examine the income statements from the viewpoint player transfers. To what extent the rules of a statement laid down by UEFA differ from the ones of a statement prepared according to AoA? What is the difference in domestic and international relations? In this study, we search after the answers for questions mentioned before.