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1

UHD, Journals, Dana Akram Faqe Mahmood та Shilan Arf Ahmad. "المحددات التي تواجه نظام الرقابة الداخلية في بيئة المصارف التجارية". Journal of University of Human Development 3, № 4 (2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v3n4y2017.pp179-203.

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This study was conducted to examine the work of internal control systems in banking institutions. It focused on studying the determinants facing the internal censorship system in the commercial banking sector by identifying the deficiencies and shortcomings in the regulatory systems and their negative effects from financial and administrative failure, the overall weak performances and etc, and also by determining the main reasons and obstacles that prevents the application from development of the internal censorship systems in commercial banks.
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Stevens, Taylor. "Suppressing communities: An analysis of LGBTQ+ censorship in libraries." Pathfinder: A Canadian Journal for Information Science Students and Early Career Professionals 1, no. 2 (2020): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pathfinder15.

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Librarians serve as defenders of intellectual freedom and social responsibility, and this includes speaking out against censorship. Censorship of information, materials, and books occurs in the public, but censorship can also occur in libraries themselves. Those impacted the most by this censorship are marginalized communities, such as the LGBTQ+ community. The purpose of this paper is to explore how internal, external and institutional censorship affects the LGBTQ+ community and what librarians can do to uphold their defense against censorship. Internal, or self-censorship, occurs at the libr
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Tsumarava, E. P. "ON THE ISSUE OF CENSORSHIP: THE CONCEPT, THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY, HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF CENSORSHIP ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS IN THE PERIOD OF 1905 – 1917." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 07, no. 02 (2023): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-126-135.

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The article analyzes the multidimensional nature of the concept of censorship. Among the methods of censorship research, the emphasis was placed on a systematic approach. The works of native and foreign authors on the development of the censorship system in the Russian Empire and its part – censorship on the territory of Belarus in 1905 – 1917 are considered. The aim is to reveal the concept of "censorship", the importance of a systematic approach in its study, to highlight the poorly studied areas of censorship in the historiography of the issue. As a result of the research, the author came t
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Tan, Zaixi. "The fuzzy interface between censorship and self-censorship in translation." Translation and Interpreting Studies 14, no. 1 (2019): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.00029.tan.

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Abstract The present research explores how the self-censoring mechanism is established in the translator’s mind and how this internal mechanism interfaces with external, institutional censorial policies to affect both the process and the outcome of a translation. The paper begins with a discussion of the ubiquitous nature of censorship and how the translator internalizes various coercive censorial forces. Based on detailed case studies of three well-known censorship/ self-censorship-affected Chinese translations – those of Lolita, Animal Farm, and Deng Xiaoping – this research finds that when
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GALISON, PETER. "Blacked-out spaces: Freud, censorship and the re-territorialization of mind." British Journal for the History of Science 45, no. 2 (2012): 235–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708741200009x.

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AbstractFreud's analogies were legion: hydraulic pipes, military recruitment, magic writing pads. These and some three hundred others took features of the mind and bound them to far-off scenes – the id only very partially resembles an uncontrollable horse, as Freud took pains to note. But there was one relation between psychic and public act that Freud did not delimit in this way: censorship, the process that checked memories and dreams on their way to the conscious. (Freud dubbed the relation between internal and external censorship a ‘parallel’ rather than a limited analogy.) At first, Freud
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Amirthavarshini V R and Bhuvaneswari R. "Repercussions of Self-censorship in Storytelling: A Study of Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar’s Jwala Kumar and the Gift of Fire: Adventures in Champakbagh." Space and Culture, India 12, no. 3 (2024): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v12i3.1515.

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Storytelling is a form of communication for authors to express their ingenuity and engage a wider audience with pertinent social concerns. Censorship, on the other hand, is frequently enforced by state legislation to preserve societal harmony, and writers frequently face censorship issues from various authoritative groups or organisations. Writers confronted with censorship concerns have an internal ‘censor’ to prevent them from breaking religious and governmental laws. As a result, the author blurs the lines within the texts and draws parallels between self-censorship and free expression. Whi
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Meserve, Stephen A., and Daniel Pemstein. "Google Politics: The Political Determinants of Internet Censorship in Democracies." Political Science Research and Methods 6, no. 2 (2017): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2017.1.

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The expansion of digital interconnectivity has simultaneously increased individuals’ access to media and presented governments with new opportunities to regulate information flows. As a result, even highly democratic countries now issue frequent censorship and user data requests to digital content providers. We argue that government internet censorship occurs, in part, for political reasons, and seek to identify the conditions under which states censor. We leverage new, cross-nationally comparable, censorship request data, provided by Google, to examine how country characteristics co-vary with
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Emrich, H. M., F. M. Leweke, and U. Schneider. "Systems-theory of Psychosis - the Relevance of ”Internal Censorship”." Pharmacopsychiatry 39 (February 2006): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-931495.

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Ijaz, Ramal, Muhammad Faheem, and Farwa Naseem. "Exploring the Internal and External Attributes of Rising Fear: A Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's Women Journalists." Global Digital & Print Media Review V, no. II (2022): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2022(v-ii).12.

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he objective of this study is to explore the factors behind fear factors that are compelling women journalists to go for self-censorship. This study documents the concept of self-censorship adopted largely by women journalists in Pakistan. The idea behind doing so is to safeguard themselves in various situations, particularly in times of distress and serious matters from pressure groups and threatening bodies. The study at hand is qualitative in nature where in-depth interviews were done. Seven women journalists from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Pakistan, were interviewed with an experience of 10years
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Rožukalne, Anda, Aija Kažoka, and Linda Siliņa. "“Are Journalists Traitors of the State, Really?”—Self-Censorship Development during the Russian–Ukrainian War: The Case of Latvian PSM." Social Sciences 13, no. 7 (2024): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci13070350.

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Media self-censorship related to war and military conflict is usually analysed by evaluating the journalistic practices of the countries involved in the war. The objective of this study is to explore how the self-censorship of Latvian public service media (Latvian Radio and Latvian Television) employees developed in response to changes in the internal socio-political discourse after Russia’s full-scale invasion in Ukraine, because of which the Latvian PSM found themselves in the crossfire of long-term criticism and attacks by politicians and audience representatives. Employing semi-structured
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Meserve, Stephen A., and Daniel Pemstein. "Terrorism and internet censorship." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 6 (2020): 752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320959369.

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The internet provides a powerful tool to terror organizations, enhancing their public messaging, recruitment ability, and internal communication. In turn, governments have increasingly moved to disrupt terror organizations’ internet communications, and even democracies now routinely work to censor terrorist propaganda, and related political messaging, in the name of national security. We argue that democratic states respond to terror attacks by increasing internet censorship and broadening their capacity to limit the digital dissemination of information. This article builds on previous work su
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Bogomolov, Igor' K. "Report of General D. P. Strukov on the establishment of military censorship in Petrograd and Petrograd Military District. 1915." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2024): 536–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2024-2-536-549.

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The article publishes the report of the chairman of the Petrograd Military Censorship Commission, General D. P. Strukov, to the Chief of the Petrograd Military District on the organization of military censorship in the capital (July 9, 1915). By this time military censorship in Petrograd was a complex and multilevel structure, covering not only the press and correspondence, but also theater, cinema, public speeches and reports. Under the "Provisional Regulations on Military Censorship," adopted with the outbreak of World War I, censors had broad powers and could ban virtually any printed mater
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Chen, Ling-chieh. "Censorship and the Postal Service in China during World War One." British Journal of Chinese Studies 13, no. 1 (2023): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51661/bjocs.v13i1.150.

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This paper focuses on the first state-organised nationwide postal censorship in China during World War I (WWI). The war had far-reaching effects on China, both in terms of the subsequent development of the internal political situation and her international relations. Although scholars share a meaningful view of China’s ‘internationalisation’ during and after WWI, the immediate impact on China is rarely discussed. One area where the war did have a significant effect was Sino-European postal communication, as this was probably the first time that mail was subjected to censorship in China. This r
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Blokhin, V. F. "GOVERNMENT’S FEAR OF NEWSPAPERS IN RUSSIA AND FRANCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(51) (December 28, 2016): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-6-51-42-49.

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The article is devoted to one of the measures of administrative influence on the publishers of periodicals in the form of a ban on the retail sale of newspapers and magazines in the imperial Russia and France. The author argues that this policy was introduced in Russia due to adoption of foreign experience of direct and indirect censorship, especially the French experience. So, the article seeks to access the difference between the original approach of the French empire and the Russian version of the policy. Also the article bridges the gap between the current Russian historiography and the ex
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BRETTLE, ADRIAN. "Free Speech in the Civil War." Journal of Policy History 35, no. 4 (2023): 475–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000210.

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AbstractDuring the Civil War, many Americans were prepared for censorship if free speech undermined preserving the Union. Journalists were unable to obtain timely accurate information on the military campaigns either for fear of helping the enemy or depressing morale at home. Self-censorship was far more important than official suppression of free speech, as spontaneous popular pressure curtailed freedom of expression at the beginning of the war and later on the army performed a similar function. For Federals, commitment to preserving the Union required treating Confederates as ubiquitous sedi
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Lima Sarmiento, Edel. "CON EL MAZO DANDO. REPRESIÓN A LA PRENSA ESPAÑOLA TRAS EL DESASTRE." RIHC. Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicación 2, no. 15 (2020): 148–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rihc.2020.i15.08.

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After the final defeat in the war against the United States, the Spanish government suspended constitutional rights from July 14th, 1898 to February 8th, 1899, afraid of internal uprising and the critical scrutiny of the press. For this reason, during this period two types of press control policies were implemented: preventive and repressive. This article focuses on the later approach and its operating mechanisms. Based on hemerographic analysis, this paper shows that the most frequent repressive methods were the closing of publications and court martials against publishers and journalists. Th
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Loewenstein, Karl E. "The Changing Nature of Literary Censorship, 1961-1965." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 39, no. 1 (2012): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633212x623943.

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From 1961-1965, the Writers’ Union was transformed from a place where writers debated and primarily made their own decisions about what to publish to an organization under watchful gaze of official censors at Glavlit (the Main Administration for the Protection of Military and State Secrets in the Press). In these years, decision-making authority switched from give and take within the union to censors who had ideological, not literary expertise. Although Glavlit played a secondary role in late Stalinist and early Khrushchev censorship, its power and relevance grew before Khrushchev’s fall. Glav
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Wantchami, Nengieh Lizzie, Kingsley Lyonga Ngange, Victor Cheo, and Nana Célestin. "Censorship as a Determinant of Professional Journalistic Practices in the Cameroon Context." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 9 (2023): 332–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.109.15379.

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This study seeks to assess the relationship between censorship and professionalism in the Cameroon media landscape. It employs a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design using, specifically, the concurrent-nested mixed method approach. A total of 270 journalists were interviewed from five of the 10 regions of Cameroon, covering the geographical diversity of the country with another purposive dimension of the sample targeting buoyant regions. These regions were Northwest, Southwest, Littoral, Centre and North and a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of open and close ended quest
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COOPER, ELIZABETH. "Dances About Spain: Censorship at the Federal Theatre Project." Theatre Research International 29, no. 3 (2004): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883304000641.

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In 1939 the Chicago and New York City dance units of the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project premiered two works inspired by the events of the Spanish Civil War. This paper offers an examination of the conflicts that arose in presenting dances about a war in which the US government adopted a position of neutrality, but about which many artists took a profoundly partisan stance. Further, this research unveils how internal censorship at the Federal Theatre Project affected the creation and presentation of these dances as well as ways in which the choreographers (Ruth Page/Ben
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Fritz, M. J., and E. S. Van der Westhuizen. "Omstrede kwessies en teksinterne korrektiewe in Skilpoppe van Barrie Hough." Literator 31, no. 2 (2010): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v31i2.51.

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Controversial issues and text-internal correctives in <i>Skilpoppe</i> by Barrie Hough This article focuses on the binary relations between controversial issues and text internal correctives by making use of examples from “Skilpoppe” (Babushka dolls) (2002) by Barrie Hough. The article starts with a discussion of controversial issues, including the four main categories, identified as violence, sexuality, politics and religion and continues briefly to the censorship as enacted before the Films and Publications Act, No. 65 of 1996 was passed. Thereafter the text-internal corrective,
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Wang, LanTing, RongQi Zhang, Dinara Valeeva, and ChunHong Yuan. "The Officiality of The Master and Margarita: A Study of the Relationship Between Bulgakov and Soviet Authorities." International Theory and Practice in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 7 (2025): 121–32. https://doi.org/10.70693/itphss.v2i7.509.

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The study of the creative process behind The Master and Margarita is inseparable from an examination of Bulgakov's literary career—particularly his relationship with Soviet authorities. Stringent literary censorship undoubtedly profoundly influenced Bulgakov's character creation and plot construction in The Master and Margarita. The novel, which originated in the late 1920s, was the result of an arduous creative process spanning over a decade, during which the narrative underwent numerous transformations. Thanks to the relatively well-preserved archives and materials related to Bulgakov, the c
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Simonova, Olga A. "E.A. Gilyarova’s Memoirs about her Censor’ and Editor’ Work." Literary Fact, no. 23 (2022): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2022-23-146-163.

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The study of the history of censorship in the USSR attracts a large number of researchers, but publications of censors’ memoirs are not so common. The memoirs of E.A. Gilyarova represent one of the most interesting periods of the Soviet press, i. e. the 1930s. The introductory article to the publication examines the significance of the censors’ memoirs for the history of literature. A brief biographical note is given about Gilyarova, who, being a prominent Bolshevik, an employee of the People’s Commissariat of Education, was repressed in the 1930s. Subsequently, she contributed to the study of
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Artuković, Mato. "Dr. Franjo Tuđman in School Textbooks." Review of Croatian history 17, no. 1 (2021): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v17i1.15116.

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This paper analyses the way in which Dr Franjo Tuđman is depicted in the textbooks used in Croatian schools. The author concludes that while some basic biographical data are provided, with respect to his contribution as a statesman some authors are prone to politicization and even self-censorship, the intention of which is to diminish his contribution to the history of the Croatian people. Most issues concerning internal and external policies require further research.
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Woitschová, Klára. "Národní muzeum jako vydavatel periodik v letech 1918–1993." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 72, no. 3-4 (2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnph.2018.013.

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The publishing activity has been one of the important tasks of the National Museum since 1827, the year of the Journal of the National Museum’s (Časopis Národního muzea) publication. The text describes the development of the Museum’s publishing activities and covers their most significant features, such as working with internal and external authors, censorship, the internal mechanisms of publishing institute for specialized journals (the functioning of the editorial boards and the influence of the editors’ personalities) at the National Museum and problems related with the journals’ distributi
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Sprenger, Guido. "Invisible Blood: Self-censorship and the Public in Uplander Ritual, Laos." Asian Journal of Social Science 37, no. 6 (2009): 935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156848409x12526657425343.

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AbstractIn upland Southeast Asia, the internal reproduction of society by ritual is fuelled and changed through its relation to external ritual systems like Buddhism. Rmeet (Lamet), a non-Buddhist upland population in Laos, regularly alter their rituals when Buddhist lowlanders are present. In particular, the display of spilling the blood of sacrificial animals is suppressed. One recurring reason for this is the notion of 'shame' or 'fear of exposure'. Thus, the notion of 'shame' functions as a semantic operator that indicates the shifting of boundaries between inside and outside, Rmeet and lo
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Frederick, Howard H., and Chandrika K. De Alwis. "Western propaganda models reconsidered: the ‘Catherine Wheel’ of censorship circumvention in developing world internal conflicts." Asian Journal of Communication 19, no. 1 (2009): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01292980802618460.

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Petracovschi, Simona. "Propaganda and Censorship for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games: The Internal Politics of Ceausescu." International Journal of the History of Sport 33, no. 16 (2016): 2046–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1355305.

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Rock-Singer, Aaron. "CENSORING THE KISHKOPHONE: RELIGION AND STATE POWER IN MUBARAK'S EGYPT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 49, no. 3 (2017): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743817000320.

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AbstractHow do states produce religion and how can the study of state censorship cast light on this phenomenon? This article examines the logic by which two Egyptian government bodies, the Ministry of Culture and the Islamic Research Academy, censored the sermons of a premier Islamist preacher, Shaykh ʿAbd al-Hamid Kishk (d. 1999), between 1987 and 1993. To do so, it draws on two distinct sets of sources: a sixteen-volume printed edition of Kishk's sermons published in Egypt and MP3s of original performances recorded initially by audiocassette. While previous studies on religion and state powe
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Yuan, Jun. "Procedural Regulation of Information Content Review Rules of Network Platforms." Journal of Management and Humanity Research 07 (2022): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22457/jmhr.v07a012237.

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Online platform information content review rules are the normative basis for platforms to regulate their internal activities and ensure the security of online information content. They are also an important object for platforms to perform their governance responsibilities under the co-governance order and should be reasonably established on the basis of complying with legal provisions. In order to exercise the private power of censorship of illegal information content, online platforms establish rules for censorship of information content based on legal authorization and their own influence, a
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O’Shiel, Daniel. "Safety Valves of the Psyche: Reading Freud on Aggression, Morality, and Internal Emotions." Philosophies 6, no. 4 (2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6040086.

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This article argues for a Freudian theory of internal emotion, which is best characterised as key “safety valves of the psyche”. After briefly clarifying some of Freud’s metapsychology, I present an account regarding the origin of (self-)censorship and morality as internalised aggression. I then show how this conception expands and can be detailed through a defence of a hydraulic model of the psyche that has specific “safety valves” of disgust, shame, and pity constantly counteracting specific sets of Freudian drives. This model is important for explicating Freud’s crucial concept of sublimati
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Lee, Siu-yau. "Surviving Online Censorship in China: Three Satirical Tactics and their Impact." China Quarterly 228 (November 28, 2016): 1061–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741016001454.

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AbstractWhat accounts for online satirical campaigns that survive censorship in China where the state has formidable power to censor and manipulate online communication? Through comparative case studies of three attempts to challenge the policies or malpractices of the Chinese state in 2009, this article explains how different satirical tactics can influence the outcomes of online activism. It argues that online satirical campaigns are most likely to survive when activists adopt the tactic of “parodic satire,” whereby activists mimic a specific practice of the state and skilfully transplant it
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Komissarov, Vladimir. "Devices of Soviet Propaganda of Science and Technology as Exemplified by the Plan of Media Coverage of the Salyut Orbital Station Flight." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 42, no. 3 (2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060016351-8.

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This paper presents an archival document from the GARF (State Archive of the Russian Federation) collections, a plan of media coverage of the flight of a permanent orbital station that became known as Salyut, dated spring 1971, and an introduction to it. The version of this document the author has worked with was forwarded to the General Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press (Glavlit), the central censorship body in the USSR, to be subsequently deposited in this organization’s archive. This relatively short document sets forth the procedure for the coverage of the orbita
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CALICO, JOY. "The trial, the condemnation, the cover-up: behind the scenes of Brecht/Dessau's Lucullus opera(s)." Cambridge Opera Journal 14, no. 3 (2002): 313–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586702000198.

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According to conventional wisdom, East German censorship of The Trial Of Lucullus (1951) required that composer Paul Dessau and librettist Bertolt Brecht completely overhaul the opera before it could be re-premièred later that year as The Condemnation Of Lucullus. However, archival sources prove that the two versions are virtually identical, suggesting that the attendant controversy was adroitly managed by East German officials to appease both internal/Soviet and the external/Western audiences. Analysis of several versions of scene 8 demonstrates that Dessau revised far more before the first p
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Tilaymurodova, Mukhlisa, and Ravshan Eshonkulov. "ECHOES OF ELIOT: A STYLISTIC INFLUENCE ON POST-SOVIET UZBEK LITERARY EXPRESSION." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 3, no. 5 (2025): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15391344.

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This paper explores the stylistic influence of Thomas Stearns Eliot’s poetry on post-Soviet Uzbek writers. It analyzes the adoption of Eliot’s poetic techniques, such as ambiguity, allusion, and internal monologue, within the works of selected Uzbek poets and novelists. The study uses comparative stylistic analysis to show that Eliot’s modernist techniques offered a model for Uzbek authors seeking new literary identities in the wake of Soviet censorship. The paper concludes that Eliot’s influence has inspired a stylistic departure from realism toward a more introspectiv
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Quintana-Rodriguez, Maria J. "Attempted Book Bans: The Censorship of Queer Themes in the 1950s." Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal, no. 2 (2023): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24968/2693-244x.4.2.7.

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This article aims to explore queer book banning during the 1950s in response to Cold War national defense tactics. The decade witnessed the formation of the first public LGBTQ+ rights organizations in the United States as well as a rise in queer literature and publications. This publicization of queerness in society was seen as a rejection of traditional societal norms and threatened the Cold War-imposed gender ideology. In addition, the fear of Communist expansion led to the conflation of homosexuals and Communists, categorizing queerness and queer-related themes as immoral and as an interfer
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Milošević, Milan P. "Subverzivni diskurs proze u trapericama." УЗДАНИЦА XIX, no. 1 (2022): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica19.1.227m.

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Because of their literary works, writers have often been persecuted, put on trial, banned, libelled or publicly ridiculed throughout history. The vitriol of public opinion was mostly focused on introducing real facts into fiction, or portraying actual political figures in a caricatural way. The censorship committee of socialist Yugoslavia was itself not above putting artists or their fiction on trial. With a watchful eye, searching for “external and internal enemiesˮ, the censorship had a mission to recognize and suppress subversive artistic works. This paper analyzes the subversive character
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Larrondo, Manuel Ernesto, та Nicolas Mario Grandi. "Artificial intelligence, algorithms and freedom of expression". Metaverse 2, № 2 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/m.v2i2.1790.

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<p>Artificial <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">i</span>ntelligence can be presented as an ally when moderating violent content or apparent news, but its use without human intervention to contextualize and adequately translate the expression leaves open the risk of prior censorship. This is currently under debate in the international arena since, as Artificial Intelligence lacks the capacity to contextualize what it moderates, it is being presented more as a tool for indiscriminate prior censorship than as a moderation aimed at protecting freedom of expression. Th
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Larrondo, Manuel Ernesto, та Nicolas Mario Grandi. "Artificial intelligence, algorithms and freedom of expression". Metaverse 2, № 2 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/met.v2i2.1790.

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<p>Artificial <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">i</span>ntelligence can be presented as an ally when moderating violent content or apparent news, but its use without human intervention to contextualize and adequately translate the expression leaves open the risk of prior censorship. This is currently under debate in the international arena since, as Artificial Intelligence lacks the capacity to contextualize what it moderates, it is being presented more as a tool for indiscriminate prior censorship than as a moderation aimed at protecting freedom of expression. Th
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Sing, Ming. "Governing Elites, External Events and Pro-democratic Opposition in Hong Kong (1986–2002)." Government and Opposition 38, no. 4 (2003): 456–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.t01-1-00024.

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AbstractWhile China has been the most important constraint on Hong Kong's democratization, another neglected constraint has been the limited mobilization power of the pro-democracy opposition in both civil and political society for most of the period from 1984 to 2002. The mobilization power of the pro-democracy opposition, mediated by their degree of internal unity and ability to capitalize on external political opportunities, affected its overall bargaining power vis-à-vis the Chinese and British government over democratization in different phases. The self-censorship among Hong Kong's media
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Madsen, Vibeke Thøis, and Joost W. M. Verhoeven. "Self-censorship on Internal Social Media: A Case Study of Coworker Communication Behavior in a Danish Bank." International Journal of Strategic Communication 10, no. 5 (2016): 387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1553118x.2016.1220010.

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Clark, Carlton, and Lei Zhang. "Grass-mud horse: Luhmannian systems theory and internet censorship in China." Kybernetes 46, no. 5 (2017): 786–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2017-0056.

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Purpose This paper aims to elucidate the systemic processes underlying the enhanced information-control measures taken by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. The tightening of state information control has stimulated increasingly sophisticated methods of disseminating information on the part of professional and citizen journalists. Drawing on social systems theory as articulated by Niklas Luhmann and others, the authors frame the CCP’s enhanced information-control efforts as a response to the increasing systemic complexity of Chinese journalism, whic
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42

Georgi, Dieter. "The Early Church: Internal Jewish Migration or New Religion?" Harvard Theological Review 88, no. 1 (1995): 35–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000030388.

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This paper discusses the issue of “Christian” identity customarily defined by its distinctiveness. I wish to start with a biographical observation: The classics school that I entered in April 1939 in Frankfurt am Main was under the same roof as the Jewish high school. This struck me as very peculiar given the propaganda and political activity of the late thirties in Nazi Germany. The Jewish high school was named after Samson Rafael Hirsch, the famous Jewish scholar and rabbi of nineteenth-century Frankfurt. On our side of the building there was nobody who would answer my questions about the sc
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Niemkova, Olena, and Oleksand-Iurii Pavliuk. "FEASIBILITY OF USING HANDSHAKE DOMAIN NAMES IN COMPARISON WITH THE CLASSIC DNS." Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique 1, no. 25 (2024): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2024.25.304317.

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One of the key structures in the modern Internet is the Domain Name System (DNS). Its role is to convert machine IP addresses into a human-friendly domain format. Since the system was not originally designed for global use, a number of shortcomings appeared during its popularization, particularly related to cyber security: accessibility and privacy. System publicity and hierarchy are often misused with censorship purposes. This article discusses the feasibility of using an alternative decentralized protocol called Handshake. It departs from the traditional hierarchical DNS in the context of re
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Xiaoqing, Ye. "Imperial Institutions and Drama in the Qing Court." European Journal of East Asian Studies 2, no. 2 (2003): 329–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-00202008.

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This article is based on largely uninvestigated archival material in the First Historical Archives in Beijing. It addresses the following issues: (1) How and why an internal office, the Nanfu, which was responsible for drama performances inside the palace, expanded its functions to become a monitoring organisation, the Shengpingshu, which exercised censorship over all the drama groups in the capital. (2) How political events were reflected in drama performed on both public and private occasions, thus shedding light on the inner world of individual emperors. (3) How these institutional changes
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Frutuoso Costa, Bruno. "THE INEVITABILITY OF DIGITAL PUBLIC SPACE HETEROREGULATION: FRAMING THE PORTUGUESE." MEDIA STUDIES AND APPLIED ETHICS 3, no. 1 (2022): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/msae.1.2022.01.

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The expectations and behaviors transferred to digital environments harbor broader structures and historical processes that predate the establishment of digital culture itself. For this reason, the actions of individuals in the digital arena represent different forms of technology appropriation. Digital platforms are now recognized as utopian because they amplify new censorious mechanisms. On the one hand, hate speech and various forms of violence shape a new media system; on the other hand, they allow individuals and groups to attempt to condition and silence digital public spaces, especially
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Alemayehu Moges, Mulatu. "Ethiopian Media: Journalists Trends of Using Sources in Reporting Stories." ATHENS JOURNAL OF MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS 7, no. 4 (2021): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.7-4-4.

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Scholars in the field of media studies argued that journalists tend to choose the sources for their stories considering they are reliable, trustworthy, authoritative and able to articulate issues very well as well as accessibility of the sources to meet the deadline of reporting the stories (Gans, 2004; Cottle, 2006, 2009). However, the author of this article wants to insight a discussion on the relationship between journalists and sources in a country like Ethiopia, where the media are working under political pressures. To explore this issue, ten journalists and four editors/ editors-in-chief
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Maslova, Anna A. "“THE PREACHING DISOBEDIENCE”. I.S. AKSAKOV’S CENSORSHIP “MANEUVER” IN THE PUBLICATION OF “THE MOSKVICH”." History and Archives 7, no. 1 (2025): 82–98. https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2025-7-1-82-98.

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The narrative focuses on the details of the history of the prohibition of the newspaper “The Moskvich” (1867–1868), published in place of the previously suspended Moskva (1867–1868). Using the example of I.S. Aksakov’s printing bodies, employing new archival sources introduced into scientific circulation, the author clarifies the specifics of the functioning of press legislation and the specifics of the work of the bureaucratic apparatus of post-reform Russia. The publication of “The Moskvich” with an emphatic imitation of the Moskva became Aksakov’s manifestation against the unfair system of
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Antyukhova, Ekaterina, and Valerii Blokhin. "Transformation of the Public Sphere During World War I: Attitude to War and Peace." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2022): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.1.

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Introduction. The paper analyses the Russian public sphere during World War I. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the functioning of the periodical press under the conditions of military censorship. The paper demonstrates how censorship restrictions regulated the discussion of issues that were of special political importance and transformed the publicity regime in the country. Methods and materials. The presented work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The methodological framework for writing the article is the public sphere model proposed by J. Habermas,
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Díaz-Cerveró, Elba, Daniel Barredo-Ibáñez, and Rubén Arnoldo González Macías. "Caught in the Middle: Internal and External Pressures on the Coverage of Organized Crime in Mexico." SAGE Open 12, no. 2 (2022): 215824402210946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221094610.

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With 33 journalists killed since the beginning of Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s presidential term in December 2018, Mexico heads the list of the most violent countries for journalists in Latin America—and that of countries not at war. While journalist organizations demand a meaningful protection apparatus to safeguard their physical safety, official corruption, and criminal impunity continue to escalate the pressures to which media staff are exposed, especially in Mexican states where cartels and criminal groups have the largest footprint. This study aims to precisely identify the pressures, b
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Sorlin, Pierre. "Cinéma et religion dans l'Europe du XXe siècle." Journal of Modern European History 3, no. 2 (2005): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944_2005_2_183.

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Film and Religion in 20th Century Europa The article focuses on the conflict zones and compromises of the ambivalent relationship which developed between film and religion in Europe. European film production was more reluctant than Hollywood to treat Biblical themes; on the other hand, the Christian Churches oscillated between damning, controlling and producing their own films. Their censorship and criticism were frequently the occasion of stormy internal debates about Church strategy toward the decline of traditional religiosity. Subjects such as the position and role of the pastor in his con
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