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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Introduced birds”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 czerwca 2025

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1

Baker, Jack, Kerinne J. Harvey, and Kris French. "Threats from introduced birds to native birds." Emu - Austral Ornithology 114, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu12122.

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Cassey, Phillip. "Egg sizes in introduced birds." Notornis 54, no. 1 (March 15, 2007): 57. https://doi.org/10.63172/491925crdnyc.

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Rajan, P., and P. Pramod. "COMMON BIRDS OF ANDAMAN ISLANDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INTRODUCED BIRDS." Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 109 (June 7, 2012): 78–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13432298.

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Sjöberg, Göran. "Genetic characteristics of introduced birds and mammals." Wildlife Biology 2, no. 1 (January 1996): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1996.014.

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Navas, Jorge. "Exotic birds introduced and naturalized in Argentina." Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 4 (2002): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22179/revmacn.4.12.

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Blackburn, Tim M., and Richard P. Duncan. "Determinants of establishment success in introduced birds." Nature 414, no. 6860 (November 2001): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35102557.

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Briskie, James V. "Introduced Birds as Model Systems for the Conservation of Endangered Native Birds." Auk 123, no. 4 (October 2006): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25150210.

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Briskie, James V. "INTRODUCED BIRDS AS MODEL SYSTEMS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED NATIVE BIRDS." Auk 123, no. 4 (2006): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[949:ibamsf]2.0.co;2.

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Briskie, James V. "Introduced Birds as Model Systems for the Conservation of Endangered Native Birds." Auk 123, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.4.949.

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Blackburn, Tim M., and Phillip Cassey. "Are introduced and re-introduced species comparable? A case study of birds." Animal Conservation 7, no. 4 (November 2004): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1367943004001647.

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Fulton, Graham R. "Where is the clamour and clutter of introduced birds?" Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 3 (2012): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130151.

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I write this editorial in the hope it will elicit some response from the conservation readership to produce papers on introduced birds. There is a dearth of research on introduced birds. Why? There is an obvious litany of reasons that spring to mind: 1) they are more drably coloured than native birds, but this is not to say they are ugly; 2) they occur too frequently in suburban habitats, which are less interesting as holiday destinations for field work; 3) they are perceived as less interesting biologically, which is an erroneous perception; 4) they are not endangered and not in need of urgent study; in short, they lack glamour and are

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12

Yoshino, Tomoo, Kazuto Kawakami, Hisayo Hayama, Noriyoshi Ichikawa, Akinori Azumano, Shigeru Nakamura, Daiji Endoh, and Mitsuhiko Asakawa. "A Parasitological Survey on Introduced Birds in Japan." Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 43, no. 1 (2011): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3312/jyio.43.65.

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Buehler, Jake. "Birds introduced to Hawaii evolve in mere decades." New Scientist 242, no. 3230 (May 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(19)30861-9.

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FOSTER, JEFFREY T., and SCOTT K. ROBINSON. "Introduced Birds and the Fate of Hawaiian Rainforests." Conservation Biology 21, no. 5 (October 2007): 1248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00781.x.

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Henry, Pierre-Yves, Catalina Landeta Salgado, Fanny Paucar Muñoz, and Martin C. Wikelski. "Birds introduced in new areas show rest disorders." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0463.

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All colonizing individuals have to settle in a novel, conspecific-free environment. The introduction process should be poorly compatible with a good rest. We compared the resting behaviour of radio-tagged house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) experimentally translocated into new, conspecific-free areas (introduced individuals, n = 10), with that of translocated sparrows that settled in naturally established populations (controls, n = 5). Resting habits of introduced sparrows markedly differed from those of control birds: they did not vocalize before going to roost, they changed their roosting habitat and they roosted 24 ± 7 min later and departed 13 ± 4 min earlier from the roost, resulting in a 5% rest debt. Because colonizing a new environment is expected to require heightened cognitive and physical activities, which in turn are constrained by the quality and duration of rest, we hypothesize that rest disorders and resulting cognitive impairments of newly released individuals could functionally contribute to the low post-release survival observed in (re)introduction attempts.

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McAllan, Ian A. W., and Dion Hobcroft. "The further spread of introduced birds in Samoa." Notornis 52, no. 1 (March 15, 2005): 16. https://doi.org/10.63172/636395bxiwwo.

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Five introduced bird species were observed in the wild in Samoa in November 2004. The red junglefowl Gallus gallus maintains wild populations in the mountainous areas; the rock dove Columba livia is presently confined to urban areas; and the red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer and jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus have increased their ranges markedly over the past six years. The last two species, found in most inhabited areas, may be close to their maximum possible distribution in Samoa. The common myna Acridotheres tristis has also increased in range significantly and efforts should be made to control this species.

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Alshamlih, Mohammed, Mohamed Alzayer, Faisal Hajwal, May Khalili, and Fares Khoury. "Introduced birds of Saudi Arabia: Status and potential impacts." Journal of King Saud University - Science 34, no. 1 (January 2022): 101651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101651.

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Roberts, Peter. "Introduced birds on Assumption Island — a threat to Aldabra." Oryx 22, no. 1 (January 1988): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027332.

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When the Indian Ocean atoll of Aldabra was added to the World Heritage List in 1982 it concluded 20 years of conservation effort to gain international recognition of its scientific importance. Its native wildlife, which is still remarkably intact, is, however, under threat. Only 27 km away, on Assumption Island, introduced bird species have established and are breeding. The author made a survey in October 1986 and among his findings was the particularly alarming discovery of a large population of red-whiskered bulbuls Pycnonotus jocosus, a nest predator of small passerines. Urgent action is required to remove the introduced species from Assumption, not only to protect Aldabra, but also to pave the way for conservation efforts on Assumption itself.

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Galloway, Terry. "Ectoparasites from native and introduced birds from Christchurch and surrounding areas, New Zealand." Tuhinga 16 (June 1, 2005): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/tuhinga.16.e34154.

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Birds found dead as a result of window-strikes on the University of Canterbury campus (Christchurch, New Zealand) and other dead birds submitted to the Zoology Department were examined for ectoparasites. A total of 244 birds of 22 species were examined during 1998–2000. Silvereyes were found in greatest numbers (n = 133) and were infested with the feather louse, Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), which reached greatest prevalence and intensity of infestation in the summer and early autumn months; in general, infestation with lice was not related to host sex. One silvereye was infested with a flea, Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank, 1803) (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), a new host–parasite record for New Zealand. The remaining 21 species of birds were infested with, collectively, at least 20 species of lice (including M. eurysternus) . Infestation parameters for lice are provided for all host species examined. One male and one female of Ornithoica sp. (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) were found on blackbirds; one blackbird was infested with a male C. gallinae . Two of three Hutton’s shearwaters examined were infested with the tick, Ixodes uriae White, 1852 (Acari: Ixodidae), a new host–parasite record for New Zealand.

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Liebl, Andrea L., and Lynn B. Martin. "Exploratory behaviour and stressor hyper-responsiveness facilitate range expansion of an introduced songbird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1746 (September 5, 2012): 4375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1606.

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Global anthropogenic changes are occurring at an unprecedented rate; one change, human-facilitated introduction of species outside their native range, has had significant ecological and economic impacts. Surprisingly, what traits facilitate range expansions post-introduction is relatively unknown. This information could help predict future expansions of introduced species as well as native species shifting their ranges as climate conditions change. Here, we asked whether specific behavioural and physiological traits were important in the ongoing expansion of house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) across Kenya. We predicted that birds at the site of initial introduction (Mombasa, introduced approx. 1950) would behave and regulate corticosterone, a stress hormone, differently than birds at the range edge (Kakamega, approx. 885 km from Mombasa; colonized within the last 5 years). Specifically, we predicted greater exploratory behaviour and stronger corticosterone response to stressors in birds at the range edge, which may facilitate the identification, resolution and memory of stressors. Indeed, we found that distance from Mombasa (a proxy for population age) was a strong predictor of both exploratory behaviour and corticosterone release in response to restraint (but only while birds were breeding). These results suggest that certain behavioural and neuroendocrine traits may influence the ability of species to colonize novel habitats.

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Cuthbert, Richard. "Sign left by introduced and native predators feeding on Hutton's shearwaters Puffinus huttoni." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 30, no. 3 (June 7, 2003): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13516846.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The identification of introduced and native predators is important for many conservation studies within New Zealand. Carcasses of Hutton's shearwaters were collected over three field seasons, and where predation was probable, the bodies were autopsied. Paired bites identified stoats as the principal predator of Hutton's shearwater, but also revealed that a feral cat was present within the colony. Stoats killed their prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head, and commenced feeding on the neck or head. Despite the limited number of catkilled birds, cats appeared to feed on Hutton's shearwaters differently from stoats, starting on the breast muscles. Harriers and kea left sign that allowed birds killed or scavenged by these native birds to be distinguished from those killed by stoats or cats.

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van Riper, Charles, Sandra G. van Riper, and Wallace R. Hansen. "Epizootiology and Effect of Avian Pox on Hawaiian Forest Birds." Auk 119, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.4.929.

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Abstract We determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of forest birds infected with avian pox at 16 locations on Hawaii, from sea level to tree line in mesic and xeric habitats, during 1977–1980. Isolates from lesions were cultured in the laboratory for positive identification of Poxvirus avium. Infected birds from the wild were brought into the laboratory to assess differences in the course of infection in native versus introduced species. We also documented distributions and activity cycles of potential avian pox vectors.>Native forest birds were (1) more susceptible to avian pox infection than were introduced species, (2) most likely to be infected during the wet season, and (3) found to have a higher prevalence in mesic when compared to xeric forests. Avian pox occurred in forest birds at all elevations, but highest levels were in the mid-elevational ranges (∼1,200 m) where vectors and native birds had the greatest overlap. Temporal and elevational differences in prevalence were apparent throughout the annual cycle. Avian pox probably did not reach epizootic proportions on Hawaii until after introduction of the mosquito and domestic birds in the early 1800s, and since then has had a negative effect on the population dynamics of native forest birds. Today, this introduced disease is an important factor that should be considered in future conservation efforts that are directed at the recovery of native forest birds in Hawaii.

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23

Work, Thierry M., J. Gregory Massey, David S. Lindsay, and J. P. Dubey. "Toxoplasmosis in Three Species of Native and Introduced Hawaiian Birds." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 5 (October 2002): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285558.

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Pejchar, Liba. "Introduced birds incompletely replace seed dispersal by a native frugivore." AoB Plants 7 (2015): plv072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv072.

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Work, Thierry M., J. Gregory Massey, David S. Lindsay, and J. P. Dubey. "Toxoplasmosis in Three Species of Native and Introduced Hawaiian Birds." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 5 (October 2002): 1040–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1040:titson]2.0.co;2.

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Hanmer, Hugh J., Rebecca L. Thomas, and Mark D. E. Fellowes. "Introduced Grey Squirrels subvert supplementary feeding of suburban wild birds." Landscape and Urban Planning 177 (September 2018): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.04.004.

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Lockwood, Julie L., Michael P. Moulton, and Richard K. Brooke. "MORPHOLOGICAL DISPERSION OF THE INTRODUCED LAND-BIRDS OF SAINT HELENA." Ostrich 67, no. 3-4 (December 1996): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1996.9639695.

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King, Richard S., Justin J. Trutwin, Travis S. Hunter, and Dana M. Varner. "Effects of environmental stressors on nest success of introduced birds." Journal of Wildlife Management 77, no. 4 (March 25, 2013): 842–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.528.

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Hansen, Dennis M., Jens M. Olesen, and Carl G. Jones. "Trees, birds and bees in Mauritius: exploitative competition between introduced honey bees and endemic nectarivorous birds?" Journal of Biogeography 29, no. 5-6 (May 2002): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00720.x.

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Mathys, Blake A., and Julie L. Lockwood. "Contemporary morphological diversification of passerine birds introduced to the Hawaiian archipelago." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1716 (January 5, 2011): 2392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2302.

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Species that have been introduced to islands experience novel and strong selection pressures after establishment. There is evidence that exotic species diverge from their native source populations; further, a few studies have demonstrated adaptive divergence across multiple exotic populations of a single species. Exotic birds provide a good study system, as they have been introduced to many locations worldwide, and we often know details concerning the propagule origin, time of introduction, and dynamics of establishment and dispersal within the introduced range. These data make them especially conducive to the examination of contemporary evolution. Island faunas have received intense scrutiny, therefore we have expectations concerning the patterns of diversification for exotic species. We examine six passerine bird species that were introduced to the Hawaiian archipelago less than 150 years ago. We find that five of these show morphological divergence among islands from the time since they were established. We demonstrate that some of this divergence cannot be accounted for by genetic drift, and therefore we must consider adaptive evolution to explain it. We also evaluate evolutionary divergence rates and find that these species are diverging at similar rates to those found in published studies of contemporary evolution in native species.

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Kopij, Grzegorz. "Alien Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview." Conservation 5, no. 2 (March 28, 2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/conservation5020016.

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Introduced species may pose one of the biggest threats to biodiversity conservation. Today, monitoring their status, distribution and abundance constitutes an important part of ecological and conservation studies throughout the world. In the Afrotropical Region (sub-Saharan Africa), avian introductions have attracted the attention of many researchers, but there is a lack of a comprehensive review of this subject on a continental scale. The presented paper constitutes an attempt to overview the status, distribution, threats and control measures of birds introduced to sub-Saharan Africa in the last 200 years. This review lists 146 bird species introduced to sub-Saharan Africa. Only 49 (33.6%) of them have developed viable populations and only 7 (4.8%) became invasive species, namely Passer domesticus, Sturnus vulgaris, Acridotheres tristis, Corvus splendens, Columba livia var. domestica, Psittacula krameri and Pycnonotus jocosus. Data on distribution of most introduced species are provided, together with information on the place and year of their first introductions. For Passer domesticus and Columba livia var. domestica, data on population densities are also provided from several southern African towns. The most speciose groups of introduced species were parrots (Psittaciformes), comprising 33.6% (including Psittacidae: 13.7%; and Psittaculidae: 15.1%); Anatidae: 12.3%; Phasianidae: 11.0%; and Passeriformes: 30.1%. Most avian introductions in sub-Saharan Africa took place in Southern Africa (mainly the Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg areas) and in Madagascar and the surrounding islands (mostly Mauritius, Reunion and Seychelles). Most introduced species which have developed viable populations originate from the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palearctic regions (altogether 78%), with only 2% from the New World. The proportions among the introduced species which have not established viable populations are quite different: 29% from the New World and only 60% from the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palearctic regions. The main factors affecting successful avian introductions and introduction pathways have been identified. A review of the control measures undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa (mainly in small oceanic islands) is outlined for the following species: Passer domesticus, Acridotheres tristis, Corvus splendens, Pycnonotus jocosus, Foudia madagascariensis, Psittacula krameri and Agapornis roseicollis.

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Hanson, Haley E., Bilal Koussayer, Holly J. Kilvitis, Aaron W. Schrey, J. Dylan Maddox, and Lynn B. Martin. "Epigenetic Potential in Native and Introduced Populations of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 6 (April 6, 2020): 1458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa060.

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Synopsis Epigenetic potential, defined as the capacity for epigenetically-mediated phenotypic plasticity, may play an important role during range expansions. During range expansions, populations may encounter relatively novel challenges while experiencing lower genetic diversity. Phenotypic plasticity via epigenetic potential might be selectively advantageous at the time of initial introduction or during spread into new areas, enabling introduced organisms to cope rapidly with novel challenges. Here, we asked whether one form of epigenetic potential (i.e., the abundance of CpG sites) in three microbial surveillance genes: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1B (TLR1B), 2A (TLR2A), and 4 (TLR4) varied between native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Using an opportunistic approach based on samples collected from sparrow populations around the world, we found that introduced birds had more CpG sites in TLR2A and TLR4, but not TLR1B, than native ones. Introduced birds also lost more CpG sites in TLR1B, gained more CpG sites in TLR2A, and lost fewer CpG sites in TLR4 compared to native birds. These results were not driven by differences in genetic diversity or population genetic structure, and many CpG sites fell within predicted transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), with losses and gains of CpG sites altering predicted TFBS. Although we lacked statistical power to conduct the most rigorous possible analyses, these results suggest that epigenetic potential may play a role in house sparrow range expansions, but additional work will be critical to elucidating how epigenetic potential affects gene expression and hence phenotypic plasticity at the individual, population, and species levels.

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Cole, F. Russell, Lloyd L. Loope, Arthur C. Medeiros, Jane A. Raikes, and Cynthia S. Wood. "Conservation Implications of Introduced Game Birds in High-Elevation Hawaiian Shrubland." Conservation Biology 9, no. 2 (April 1995): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020306.x.

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CASSEY, PHILLIP. "Life history and ecology influences establishment success of introduced land birds." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 76, no. 4 (July 26, 2002): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00086.x.

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ANTOS, MARK J., JAMES A. FITZSIMONS, GRANT C. PALMER, and JOHN G. WHITE. "Introduced birds in urban remnant vegetation: Does remnant size really matter?" Austral Ecology 31, no. 2 (April 2006): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01572.x.

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Sol, Daniel, and Louis Lefebvre. "Behavioural flexibility predicts invasion success in birds introduced to New Zealand." Oikos 90, no. 3 (September 2000): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900317.x.

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Cummins, George C., Tad C. Theimer, and Eben H. Paxton. "Responses to terrestrial nest predators by endemic and introduced Hawaiian birds." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 1949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6021.

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Harper, Lee H. "The persistence of ant-following birds in small amazonian forest fragments." Acta Amazonica 19 (1989): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921989191263.

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SUMMARYMist-net captures of army ant-following bird were monitored during the isolation of central Amazonian forest fragments of 1 ha (n = 5), 10 ha (n = 4) and 100 ha (n = 1). Post-isolation captures of the three obligate ant-following birds Dendrocinela merula, Pithys albifrons, and Gymnopithys rufigula decreased significantly in all fragments. post-isolation captures of four facultative ant-following species were not significantly different in forest fragments of 1 ha and 10 ha, although two species decreased significantly in the 100 ha fragment. Experimental introductions of obligate species into small forest fragments in the absence and presence of introduced Eciton burchelli army ant colonies resulted in significantly greater recaptures of introduced birds when active army ant colonies were present. Of the 105 birds introduced, 58 ' 55%) crossed 100-320 m od dedorested area an were recaptured in continuous forest.

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Khoury, Fares, Zuhair Amr, Nashat Hamidan, Ibrahim Hassani, Sayeeda Mir, Ehab Eid, and Natalia Bolad. "Some introduced vertebrate species to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan." Vertebrate Zoology 62 (December 10, 2012): 435–51. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.62.e31404.

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We report in this paper all the terrestrial and freshwater introduced species in Jordan. Eight species of mammals have been introduced to Jordan from other countries. One species is expanding its range of distribution (Myocastor coypus), while the others are confined to nature reserves or private farms, or released within the vicinity of nature reserves. Thirteen species of birds were introduced, either intentionally, escaped from cage or expanded their range. A total of 15 freshwater fish species were introduced into the inland of the Jordanian territories. The Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, and Oreochromis aureus were the most introduced species from various origins. Of the introduced reptiles, the Red-eared Slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, was found in Azraq pools. The impact of invasive species on the local fauna was discussed. The native fresh water fishes were the most affected; whereas three endemic species are currently critically endangered due to introduction of invasive species into their habitats.

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White, Douglas W., and Edmund W. Stiles. "Bird dispersal of fruits of species introduced into eastern North America." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-208.

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We compared bird use of fruits of introduced and native plant species to explore the roles of coevolution, ecological fitting, and chance in shaping seed dispersal interactions. Of 45 bird-dispersed species recorded at three sites in central New Jersey, 15 (33%) were nonnative. In fall samples from seed traps and fecal droppings, introduced species accounted for 0.4–14% of fruit biomass overall and 3 – 30% of the biomass of low-quality fruits. Although absolute fruit use declined from fall to winter, relative use of introduced species increased seasonally to as high as half of winter fruit biomass. Heavy use of non-native fruits appears recent; introductions accounted for only 2% of plant species occurrences in fall and winter records of stomach contents for nine passerine species in New England and mid-Atlantic states between 1881 and 1950. Introduced fruits with fall maturation, low-quality pulp, and high durability now rival native species in fruit diets of birds in late fall and winter. The success of introductions demonstrates coadaptation through ecological fitting of preadapted partners; nevertheless, the predominant use of introduced fruits after peak bird migration suggests that introduced fruits may be less well matched to local dispersal opportunities than native ones. Key words: birds, coevolution, fruits, introductions.

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T. Atkinson, Carter, Ruth C. Utzurrum, Joshua O. Seamon, Amy F. Savage, and Dennis A. Lapointe. "Hematozoa of forest birds in American Samoa - evidence for a diverse, indigenous parasite fauna from the South Pacific." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 3 (2006): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060229.

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Introduced avian diseases pose a significant threat to forest birds on isolated island archipelagos, especially where most passerines are endemic and many groups of blood-sucking arthropods are either absent or only recently introduced. We conducted a blood parasite survey of forest birds from the main islands of American Samoa to obtain baseline information about the identity, distribution and prevalence of hematozoan parasites in this island group. We examined Giemsa-stained blood smears from 857 individual birds representing 20 species on Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Four hematozoan parasites were identified ? Plasmodium circumflexum (1%, 12/857), Trypanosoma avium (4%,32/857), microfilaria (9%, 76/857), and an Atoxoplasma sp. {<1%, 21857). Infections were found in seven indigenous bird species from the archipelago. Overall prevalence of infection varied significantly among bird species, individual islands, and between Tutuila and the more isolated Manu'a group of islands. Infections with Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, and filarial worms occurred throughout the archipelago, including islands without introduced birds. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall prevalence of infection before and after Hurricane Olaf in February 2005, suggesting that catastrophic hurricanes may influence the dynamics of parasite infections. Given the central location of American Samoa in the South Pacific, it is likely that avian malaria and other hematozoan parasites are indigenous and widespread at least as far as the central South Pacific. Their natural occurrence may provide some immunological protection to indigenous birds in the event that other closely related parasites are accidentally introduced to the region.

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Wratten, Stephen. "The lark descending: Are non-native birds undervalued in New Zealand?" New Zealand Science Review 74, no. 2 (November 15, 2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzsr.v74i2.8503.

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New Zealand has an audacious plan to protect its native birds. The country has pledged to rid itself of introduced mammalian predators by 2050 and, this year, will spend $20 million on the ‘Battle for the Birds’, one of the largest predator control programmes in the country’s history, across more than 800,000 hectares of land. Of the 168 bird species that are native to New Zealand, four in five are in trouble, according to a report published last month by the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment. New Zealand’s native birds deserve all the help they can get, but this should not detract from the fact that new data show that several introduced bird species are also disappearing.

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Catterall, CP, RJ Green, and DN Jones. "Occurrence of Birds in Relation to Plants in a Sub-Tropical City." Wildlife Research 16, no. 3 (1989): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890289.

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Habitat use by birds in suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland was studied during winter, at sites with relatively similar habitat features near to (0.25-0.5km) and far from (2-3km) a eucalypt forest. Variation in other factors was restricted. Distance from native forest was found to have little influence on abundance of birds in suburban habitats. House sparrows and willie wagtails were relatively more abundant at the far sites. Most of the more common forest-dwelling species were not common in either near or far suburbs. There was little similarity in relative abundance of bird species between the forest and either the near or far suburbs. A similarity in species diversity and positive correlations in species abundance between near and far sites indicate that most species are either forest or suburb 'specialists'. Native birds were more selective in their choice of plant category than introduced birds, and had a high probability of using certain native and exotic plant species, and a lower probability of using others. Although generally more abundant, introduced birds did not have a high probability of using any plant genus or type. Birds in the area studied are probably altering their patterns of habitat use in response to changes in food availability.

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Ayre, Bronwyn M., David G. Roberts, Ryan D. Phillips, Stephen D. Hopper, and Siegfried L. Krauss. "Effectiveness of native nectar-feeding birds and the introduced Apis mellifera as pollinators of the kangaroo paw, Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19097.

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Plants pollinated by vertebrates are often visited by native and exotic insects foraging for pollen and nectar. We compared flower visitation rates, foraging behaviour, and the contribution to reproduction of nectar-feeding birds and the introduced honeybee Apis mellifera in four populations of the bird-pollinated Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae). The behaviour of floral visitors was quantified with direct observations and motion-triggered and hand-held cameras. Pollinator access to flowers was manipulated by enclosure in netting to either exclude all visitors or to exclude vertebrate visitors only. Apis mellifera was the only insect observed visiting flowers, and the most frequent flower visitor, but primarily acted as a pollen thief. Although birds visited A. manglesii plants only once per week on average, they were 3.5 times more likely to contact the anther or stigma as foraging honeybees. Exclusion of birds resulted in 67% fewer fruits and 81% fewer seeds than flowers left open and unmanipulated. Unnetted flowers that were open to bird and insect pollinators showed pollen-limitation and a large variation in reproductive output within and between sites. Although honeybees have been shown to pollinate other Australian plants, compared to birds, they are highly inefficient pollinators of A. manglesii.

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Staddon, S. C., S. G. Compton, and A. Portch. "Dispersal of fig seeds in the Cook Islands: introduced frugivores are no substitutes for natives." Biodiversity and Conservation 19, no. 7 (June 7, 2010): 1905–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14817562.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Across the Pacific, island vegetation is altering in response to changes in seed disperser assemblages brought about by extinctions and introductions of birds and other animals. On the Cook Islands in the South Pacific, the Pacific Banyan (Ficus prolixa, Moraceae) is undergoing little if any recruitment, possibly linked to a lack of dispersal agents. On Rarotonga, where F. prolixa is found in semi-urban and agricultural environments, there is no recent recruitment in contrast to the situation on Atiu where the tree is common in native forest. We examined the quality and quantity of seed dispersal offered to F. prolixa by the available frugivores on these islands, comparing the effectiveness of extant native and introduced species. The native Cook Islands fauna, particularly birds and bats, appear to be the most effective seed dispersers of F. prolixa, both in terms of quantity and quality. Whilst these are relatively numerous on Atiu, they rarely visit F. prolixa on Rarotonga. The native Chocolate hermit crab Coenobita cavipes is a previously unreported additional native seed disperser, conferring low quantity, but high quality dispersal. Introduced birds and mammals are the most numerous F. prolixa frugivores on Rarotonga and in non-forest environments on Atiu, but they act mainly as seed predators. Consequently, the losses and rarity of remaining native frugivores have not been compensated for by introduced species on Rarotonga which may be contributing to the absence of recruitment there.

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Murphy, Elaine C., Rachel J. Keedwell, Kerry P. Brown, and Ian Westbrooke. "Diet of mammalian predators in braided river beds in the central South Island, New Zealand." Wildlife Research 31, no. 6 (2004): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03033.

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In New Zealand, five of the six endemic bird species that breed primarily in South Island braided river beds are classed as threatened. A major cause of decline for these species is predation by introduced mammals, and predator-trapping programs are undertaken in the braided rivers of the Mackenzie Basin to protect them. Trapping programs carried out between September 1997 and April 2001 provided the opportunity to investigate predator diet from the gut contents of 375 cats (Felis catus), 371 ferrets (Mustela furo) and 86 stoats (Mustela erminea). As a percentage frequency of occurrence of the main prey items, cat diet consisted of lagomorphs (present in 70% of guts), birds (in 47%), lizards (30%) and invertebrates (36%). Ferret diet consisted of lagomorphs (69%) and birds (28%). Stoat diet consisted of lagomorphs (50%), birds (51%), lizards (21%) and invertebrates (23%). The frequency of occurrence of birds in all three predators was higher in the spring/summer of 1997 – immediately after rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was introduced – than in any other previous diet study on these braided rivers. This suggests that RHD did lead to increased predation pressure on birds, at least in the short term.

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Crawley, Malcolm. "Immigrant Killers. Introduced predators and the conservation of birds in New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 12, no. 3 (July 1985): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1985.10428295.

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McNew, Sabrina M., and Dale H. Clayton. "Alien Invasion: Biology ofPhilornisFlies HighlightingPhilornis downsi,an Introduced Parasite of Galápagos Birds." Annual Review of Entomology 63, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043103.

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Dunnet, G. M., and Carolyn King. "Immigrant Killers, Introduced Predators and the Conservation of Birds in New Zealand." Journal of Animal Ecology 56, no. 1 (February 1987): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4825.

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Hale, Katrina, and James V. Briskie. "Response of introduced European birds in New Zealand to experimental brood parasitism." Journal of Avian Biology 38, no. 2 (March 2007): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2007.03734.x.

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