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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Ionic strength”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Kreusser, Jannette, Fabian Jirasek, and Hans Hasse. "Influence of Salts on the Adsorption of Lysozyme on a Mixed-Mode Resin." Adsorption Science & Technology 2021 (January 23, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6681348.

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Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC), which combines features of ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), is an interesting method for protein separation and purification. The design of MMC processes is challenging as adsorption equilibria are influenced by many parameters, including ionic strength and the presence of different salts in solution. Systematic studies on the influence of those parameters in MMC are rare. Therefore, in the present work, the influence of four salts, namely, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfat

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2

Pham, T. V., and K. C. Westaway. "Solvent effects on nucleophilic substitution reactions. III. The effect of adding an inert salt on the structure of the SN2 transition state." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 12 (1996): 2528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-283.

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The nitrogen and secondary α-hydrogen–deuterium kinetic isotope effects found for the SN2 reaction between thiophenoxide ion and benzyldimethylphenylammonium ion at different ionic strengths in DMF at 0 °C indicate that the structure of the transition state changes markedly with the ionic strength of the reaction mixture. In fact, a more reactant-like, more ionic, transition state is found at the higher ionic strength. This presumably occurs because a more ionic transition state is more stable in the more ionic solvent. Key words: transition state, ionic strength, secondary α deuterium kinetic

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3

Dolling, PJ, and GSP Ritchie. "Estimates of soil solution ionic strength and the determination of pH in West Australian soils." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850309.

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The average ionic strength of 20 West Australian soils was found to be 0.0048. The effects of three electrolytes (deionized water, CaCl2 and KNO3), three ionic strengths (0.03, 0.005 and soil ionic strength at field capacity, Is) and two soil liquid ratios (1:5 and 1:10) on the pH of 15 soils were investigated. pH measurements in solutions of ionic strength 0.005 differed the least from measurements made at Is. The differences that occurred in comparisons with distilled water or CaCl2 of ionic strength 0.03 (0.01 M) were much greater (20.4 pH units). An extractant with an ionic strength of 0.0

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4

Dickhout, Janneke, Rob Lammertink, and Wiebe de Vos. "Membrane Filtration of Anionic Surfactant Stabilized Emulsions: Effect of Ionic Strength on Fouling and Droplet Adhesion." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010009.

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Membranes hold great potential to be used for the successful treatment of oily waste water, but membrane fouling leads to substantial decreases in performance. Here we study the impact of ionic strength on membrane fouling from an emulsion stabilized by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS). For this we use a unique combinatorial approach where droplet adhesion to a cellulose surface in a flow cell is compared to membrane fouling (flux decline) on a cellulose membrane. In the initial membrane fouling stages droplet adhesion dominates. While the flow cell demonstrates a high num

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5

Altamash, Tausif, Wesam Ahmed, Saad Rasool, and Kabir H. Biswas. "Intracellular Ionic Strength Sensing Using NanoLuc." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020677.

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Intracellular ionic strength regulates myriad cellular processes that are fundamental to cellular survival and proliferation, including protein activity, aggregation, phase separation, and cell volume. It could be altered by changes in the activity of cellular signaling pathways, such as those that impact the activity of membrane-localized ion channels or by alterations in the microenvironmental osmolarity. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of sensitive tools for real-time monitoring of intracellular ionic strength. Here, we developed a bioluminescence-based intracellular ionic

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6

Borah, Priyanka, та Venkata S. K. Mattaparthi. "Effect of Ionic Strength on the Aggregation Propensity of Aβ1-42 Peptide: An In-silico Study". Current Chemical Biology 14, № 3 (2020): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796814999200818103157.

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Background: Aggregation of misfolded proteins under stress conditions in the cell might lead to several neurodegenerative disorders. Amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) peptide, the causative agent of Alzheimer’s disease, has the propensity to fold into β-sheets under stress, forming aggregated amyloid plaques. This is influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, mutation of residues, and ionic strength of the solution. There are several studies that have highlighted the importance of ionic strength in affecting the folding and aggregation propensity of Aβ1-42 peptide. Objective: To understand

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7

Bucko, Sandra, Jaroslav Katona, Ljiljana Popovic, Zuzana Vastag, and Lidija Petrovic. "Functional properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed protein isolate and hydrolysate." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 1 (2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc150615081b.

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Pumpkin seed protein isolate (PSPI) was enzymatically hydrolysed by pepsin to obtain pumpkin seed protein hydrolysate, PSPH. Investigation on solubility, interfacial and emulsifying properties of both PSPI and PSPH was conducted under different conditions of pH (3-8) and ionic strength (0-1 mol/dm3 NaCl). PSPI had the lowest solubility, i.e. isoelectric point (pI), at pH 5. PSPH had higher solubility than PSPI over whole range of pH and ionic strengths tested. Decrease in surface and interfacial tension evidenced that both PSPI and PSPH adsorb at air/protein solution and oil/protein solution i

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8

Manono, Malibongwe, Kirsten Corin, and Jenny Wiese. "The Effect of the Ionic Strength of Process Water on the Interaction of Talc and CMC: Implications of Recirculated Water on Floatable Gangue Depression." Minerals 9, no. 4 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040231.

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Previous studies speculate that hydroxo species present in flotation pulps at pH > 9, particularly those of polyvalent cations, selectively adsorb onto gangue minerals. Such species supposedly enhance the depressive action of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) onto gangue via an acid-base interaction between the positively charged mineral surface and the negatively charged CMC molecule. Thus, the hydrophilicity of gangue minerals is enhanced, preventing the dilution of the concentrate. However, as there is little evidence to support these claims for complex process waters of increasing ionic str

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9

Kosmulski, Marek, and Jarl B. Rosenholm. "High ionic strength electrokinetics." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 112, no. 1-3 (2004): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2004.09.005.

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10

Sundman, Ola, Per Persson, and Lars-Olof Öhman. "Comparison between specific surface complexation and Donnan ion-exchange models for describing the adsorption of cations on kraft fibres – literature evidence and EXAFS study of Cu(II) binding." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 25, no. 2 (2010): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2010-25-02-p178-184.

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Abstract A compilation of the applied experimental conditions when studying metal ion adsorption onto kraft fibres, and the resulting conclusion, revealed that the ionic strength conditions used during the experiments were an important dividing factor. At low ionic strengths, the conclusion has regularly been that the Donnan ion-exchange model could correctly predict the adsorption while, at higher ionic strengths, it has often been concluded that the formation of specific metal-ion fibre complexes must be assumed. To study this apparent influence from the presence of monovalent sodium ions, C

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11

Homsher, E., F. Wang, and J. R. Sellers. "Factors affecting movement of F-actin filaments propelled by skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 262, no. 3 (1992): C714—C723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.3.c714.

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The measurement of fluorescent-labeled actin filament movement driven by mechanoenzymes (e.g., myosin) is an important methodology for the study of molecular motors. It is assumed that the filament velocity (Vf) is analogous to the unloaded shortening velocity (Vu) seen in muscle fibers. Methods are described to reproducibly quantitate the movement of these filaments and to select uniformly moving filaments and specify their Vf. Use of these techniques allowed comparison of Vf to literature values for Vu with regard to [ATP], [ADP], [Pi], pH, ionic strength (10-150 mM), and temperature (15-30

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12

Mohd., Wajid Shaikh Mohd. Waris*1 &. S.D.Thakur2. "STUDIES THE INFLUENCE OF IONIC STRENGTHS OF Cu (II) AND Ni (II) METAL IONS COMPLEX WITH HYDROXY SUBSTITUTED CHALCONE BY pH METRIC TECHNIQUE." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES [NC-Rase 18] (November 23, 2018): 13–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1494982.

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The interaction of Cu (II) and Ni (II) metal ion complex with 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one chalcone (L<sub>3</sub>) has been studied at 0.02 to 0.1 mol.dm<sup>-3</sup> ionic strength at (30 ± 0.1)<sup>0</sup>C in 70% dioxane-water mixture pH - metrically. The values of Pk [Proton - Ligand stability constant] and log k [Metal - Ligand stability constant].  are utilised to estimate the thermodynamic stability constant at zero ionic strength and to know the exact nature of complexation equilibria. Pk/log k values are found to be increasing with decreasing t

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13

Huang, Lihua, Yehui Zhang, and Haibin Li. "Self-Assembly of Rice Bran Globulin Fibrils in Electrostatic Screening: Nanostructure and Gels." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/951240.

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The effects of various ionic strengths and protein concentrations on the fibrils structure and gel properties of rice bran globulin (RBG) at pH 2.0 were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), rheometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). AFM images showed the morphology of assembling RBG fibrils from strand beads to becoming branch clustered, when electrostatic repulsive forces attenuated gradually with increasing ionic strength. NaCl seems to accelerate the kinetics of fibrils formation, resulting in a significant increase in Th T fluorescence intensity. The increased ionic st

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14

D’Amelio, Nicola, Benjamin Tanielian, Mourad Sadqi, Pilar López-Navajas, and Victor Muñoz. "Cognate DNA Recognition by Engrailed Homeodomain Involves a Conformational Change Controlled via an Electrostatic-Spring-Loaded Latch." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (2022): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052412.

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Transcription factors must scan genomic DNA, recognize the cognate sequence of their control element(s), and bind tightly to them. The DNA recognition process is primarily carried out by their DNA binding domains (DBD), which interact with the cognate site with high affinity and more weakly with any other DNA sequence. DBDs are generally thought to bind to their cognate DNA without changing conformation (lock-and-key). Here, we used nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism to investigate the interplay between DNA recognition and DBD conformation in the engrailed homeodomain (enHD), as

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15

Carr, M. E., D. A. Gabriel, and J. McDonagh. "Influence of Ca2+ on the structure of reptilase-derived and thrombin-derived fibrin gels." Biochemical Journal 239, no. 3 (1986): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2390513.

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The effects of Ca2+ ion on the structure of thrombin-derived and reptilase-derived fibrin gels formed at various ionic strengths were studied turbidimetrically. For both enzymes clotting times were shorter, final gel turbidities were higher and fibre mass/length ratios were increased as the ionic strength was lowered. The addition of 5 mM-Ca2+ augmented each of these effects for any given ionic strength. In the thrombin system, Ca2+ increased the final gel turbidity from 0.04 to 0.26 A632.8 at ionic strength 0.15. Under identical conditions in the reptilase system, the final gel turbidity incr

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16

Solis, JS, PM May, and G. Hefter. "Cyanide Thermodynamics. III. Enthalpies and Entropies of Ionization of Water and Hydrogen Cyanide." Australian Journal of Chemistry 49, no. 6 (1996): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9960651.

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The heats (enthalpy changes) associated with the ionization of water and of hydrogen cyanide have been determined by titration calorimetry at 25�C as a function of ionic strength up to 5 M in both NaCl and NaClO4 media. The enthalpy changes for both reactions exhibit a 'medium effect' with ?H being more positive in NaCl than in NaClO4 and with the difference becoming more pronounced with increasing ionic strength. This is attributed to the greater solvation of Cl- cf. CN- in aqueous solution. The present ?H values are similar to previous published results at high ionic strengths, and are in ex

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17

Yanagibashi, Tomokazu, Motoyoshi Kobayashi та Keisuke Omori. "Application of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Flocculant to Flocculation–Sedimentation Treatment of Ultrafine Cement Suspension". Water 11, № 9 (2019): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091748.

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We examined the effect of poly-γ-glutamic acid flocculant (PGAF) on the removal of ultrafine cement (UFC) particles stabilized by a poly-carboxylate co-polymer, which is a superplasticizer (SP). The flocculation–sedimentation treatment with PGAF successfully removed the SP-stabilized cement particles through the gravitational settling of the formed flocs. The removal efficiency reduced with the increase in the ionic strength, probably because of the shrunk form of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) at high ionic strengths. Increasing the mixing intensity during rapid mixing improved the removal effi

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18

M., L. NARWADE, M. CHINCHOLKAR M., and W. SATHF S. "Stability Constants of lron(lll) Chelates with Some Substituted Chalcones at 0.1 M Ionic Strength and at Various Ionic Strengths of 2'-4-ydroxy-4-methoxy5'-methylchalcone." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Mar 1985 (1985): 194–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6321884.

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Department of Chemistry, Vidarbha Mahavidyalaya, Amravati-444 604 <em>Manuscript received 21<strong><em> </em></strong>September 1981, revised </em>5 <em>September 1983, accepted 19 January<strong> </strong>1985</em> The interaction of Fe<sup>III</sup> with 2'-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5'-methylchalcone (1), 2'- hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (2), 2'-hydroxy-3'-bromo-4-methoxy-5'-methylchalcone (3) and 2'-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5',6 -benzochalcone (4) has been investigated potentiometrically in 70% dioxane-water mixture at 0.1 M ionic strength. The study of Fe<sup>III</

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19

Ehrlich, S., N. Wolff, R. Schneiderman, A. Maroudas, K. H. Parker, and C. P. Winlove. "The osmotic pressure of chondroitin sulphate solutions: Experimental measurements and theoretical analysis." Biorheology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Biorheology 35, no. 6 (1998): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0006355x1998035006001.

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We used equilibrium dialysis to measure the osmotic pressure of chondroitin sulphate (CS) solutions as a function of their concentration and fixed charge density (FCD) and the ionic strength and composition of the solution. Osmotic pressure varied nonlinearly with the concentration of chondroitin sulphate and in 0.15 M NaCl at FCDs typical of uncompressed cartilage (approximately 0.4 mmol/g extrafibrillar H $_{2}$ O) was $\sim$ 3 atmospheres. Osmotic pressure fell by 60% as solution ionic strength increased up to about 1 M, but remained relatively constant at higher ionic strengths. The ratio

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20

Wang, Yong, Jun Jiang, Ren-kou Xu, and Diwakar Tiwari. "Phosphate adsorption at variable charge soil/water interfaces as influenced by ionic strength." Soil Research 47, no. 5 (2009): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08181.

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The effect of phosphate adsorption on zeta potential of the colloids of variable charge soils and the effect of ionic strength on phosphate adsorption by the soils were investigated using batch experimental method. The presence of phosphate resulted in the decrease in zeta potential and isoelectric point (IEP) of the colloids of the soils, which further suggested that the phosphate was adsorbed specifically by these soils. The effect of phosphate adsorption on zeta potential was correlated with the content of free Fe/Al oxides in the soils; the higher the content of Fe/Al oxides in a soil the

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21

Szuromi, Phil. "Speeding reactions through ionic strength." Science 372, no. 6545 (2021): 929.11–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6545.929-k.

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22

Lai, Fu Kun, and Hua Li. "A Continuum Theory for Simulation of Ionic-Strength-Sensitive Hydrogel for BioMEMS Application." Advanced Materials Research 74 (June 2009): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.74.21.

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A continuum multiphysics theory is presented for simulation of the ionic-strength-sensitive hydrogel and surrounding solution. The theory considers the coupled effects of chemical, electrical and mechanical multi-energy domains on the swelling behavior of the ionic-strength-sensitive hydrogel and is thus termed the multi-effect-coupling ionic-strength-stimuli (MECis) model. The MECis model consists of several governing equations, including Nernst-Planck flux system, Poisson equation, fixed charge density and mechanical equilibrium equation, in which the effect of the ionic strength is incorpor

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23

Lyacine, Bennacer, Kernou Nassim, and Benmammar Djilali. "Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Ionic Strength on Particle Transport Behavior in a Saturated Porous Medium." Advanced Engineering Forum 49 (May 31, 2023): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-xm3w08.

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An experimental study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of flow velocity and ionic strength on the transport of suspended particles (SP) and their deposition in a saturated porous medium. The SP injections were carried out using a laboratory column filled with sand and a pulse injection method. Ionic strengths varying between 0 and 600 mM (NaCl) have prospected. Two velocities were tested: 0.15 and 0.30 cm/s. Selected polydisperse particles diameters ranging from 0.27 to 5 μm and a median diameter (dp50) equal to 2.25 μm were used. An analytical solution of the convection–dispersio

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24

Chen, Zhao, Jun Yang, Hao Guo, Xiuling Zhang, and Wentao Zhang. "Anthocyanin-Loaded Double Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Phosphorylated Perilla Seed Protein Isolate–Pectin Complexes and Its Environmental Stability." Foods 14, no. 9 (2025): 1650. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091650.

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Thus far, the focus of research has been on employing perilla seed protein isolate (PSPI) to stabilize emulsions encapsulating hydrophobic substances, but there is a dearth of studies focusing on PSPI-stabilized double emulsions for encapsulating hydrophilic materials. This experiment investigated the environmental stability (thermal, ionic strength, and freeze–thaw stability) of PSPI-stabilized double emulsions encapsulating anthocyanins. During thermal stability experiments, the emulsion color lightened as the treatment temperature increased, whereas the microstructures of the emulsions exhi

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Minobe, S., T. Watanabe, T. Sato, and T. Tosa. "Characteristics and applications of adsorbents for pyrogen removal." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 10, no. 2 (1988): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1988.tb00010.x.

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Characteristics and applications of immobilized histidine and immobilized histamine for pyrogen removal were investigated. Immobilized histidine showed a high affinity for pyrogen at low ionic strength and over a wide pH range. The adsorption capacity was 0.53 mg of lipopolysaccharide per milliliter of the adsorbent. The apparent dissociation constant was 1.57 × 10(‐9) M. The adsorption of pyrogen to immobilized histidine decreased with increasing ionic strength, but pyrogen could be adsorbed even at ionic strengths of gamma/2 = 0.05‐0.1, at which other substances were little adsorbed; that is

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26

Hemdan, Sokaina Saad. "THE DEPENDENCE OF ACID-BASE EQUILBRIA AND ACIDITY CONSTANTS OF CONGO RED IN BUFFER SOLUTIONS ON THE IONIC STRENGTH." Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 59, no. 3 (2024): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59957/jctm.v59.i3.2024.2.

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In this study, the spectrophotometric studies of aqueous ethanol solution of Congo red in various buffers solutions at room temperature 25oC and at different ionic strength of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 KCl mol L-1 were investigated. The acidity constants of Congo red were estimated by three different methods. The two protonation stages were observed in pH range 2 - 4 and 4 - 6 as result as protonation of amino group and azo groups. The dependence of absorption spectra of Congo red on the ionic strength of solutions which exhibited blue shift with increases ionic strength in addition the shape an

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Mocchiutti, Paulina, María V. Galván, María C. Inalbon, and Miguel A. Zanuttini. "Improvement of paper properties of recycled unbleached softwood kraft pulps by poly(allylamine hydrochloride)." BioResources 6, no. 1 (2011): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.570-583.

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Polyelectrolytes containing amine functional groups such as PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) can be useful, under certain conditions, for improving paper strength. In this work, the charge density of PAH was determined at different pH and ionic strengths; PAH adsorption onto the cellulosic fibers was characterized, and the effects of low PAH dosage on the papermaking properties were evaluated. It was found that the ionization of PAH is complete in acid media, but it is partial and depends on the ionic strength in neutral media. The adsorption isotherms of PAH on a recycled pulp from kraft

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Busalmen, J. P., and S. R. de SÃ¯Â¿Â½nchez. "Adhesion of Pseudomonas fluorescens(ATCC 17552) to Nonpolarized and Polarized Thin Films of Gold." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 7 (2001): 3188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.7.3188-3194.2001.

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ABSTRACT The adhesion of Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 17552) to nonpolarized and negatively polarized thin films of gold was studied in situ by contrast microscopy using a thin-film electrochemical flow cell. The influence of the electrochemical potential was evaluated at two different ionic strengths (0.01 and 0.1 M NaCl; pH 7) under controlled flow. Adhesion to nonpolarized gold surfaces readily increased with the time of exposition at both ionic-strength values. At negative potentials (−0.2 and −0.5 V [Ag/AgCl-KCl saturated {sat.}]), on the other hand, bacterial adhesion was strongly inhib

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Souček, Jan, Emil Halámek, and Roman Kysilka. "Atropine and quinine ionic associates with some acid dyes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 8 (1988): 1655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19881655.

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The formation of ionic associates of atropine and quinine with bromothymol blue, metanil yellow and cresol red was studied by extraction spectrophotometry. In aqueous solutions, formation of ionic associates was only observed for quinine with bromothymol blue; ionic associates of both dyes with all of the three dyes could be, however, studied by their extraction into chloroform. The conditional extraction constants were calculated for the equilibria involved. The ability of atropine, quinine and bromothymol blue to be extracted into chloroform was examined in dependence on pH and ionic strengt

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Rosenberg, Y. O., V. Metz, Y. Oren, Y. Volkman, and J. Ganor. "Co-precipitation of radium in high ionic strength systems: 2. Kinetic and ionic strength effects." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, no. 19 (2011): 5403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.013.

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Jönsson, U., M. Malmqvist, and I. Rönnberg. "Immobilization of immunoglobulins on silica surfaces. Kinetics of immobilization and influence of ionic strength." Biochemical Journal 227, no. 2 (1985): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2270373.

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The kinetics of, and the influence of ionic strength on, the immobilization of rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) on different types of well-characterized silica surfaces were investigated. Adsorptive immobilization was compared with covalent attachment via thiol-disulphide exchange reactions. The amount of immobilized IgG on five different types of silica surfaces as a function of IgG concentration, at two different ionic strengths, was determined. The IgG-solid-surface interaction involved different types of interaction forces, depending on the surface chemistry of the solid surface. The solid-su

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Kuta, A. E., C. R. Reynolds, and P. A. Henkart. "Mechanism of lysis by large granular lymphocyte granule cytolysin: generation of a stable cytolysin-RBC intermediate." Journal of Immunology 142, no. 12 (1989): 4378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.142.12.4378.

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Abstract The effect of ionic strength and pH on the hemolytic activity of large granular lymphocyte granule cytolysin was examined in detail. Cytolysin-mediated lysis of RBC was inhibited by either low ionic strength or low pH. Under these conditions a nonlytic cytolysin-RBC intermediate was formed as revealed by hemolysis when cytolysin pretreated cells were washed and resuspended at physiologic ionic strength and pH. Formation of the cytolysin-RBC intermediate at low ionic strength (250 mM sucrose), pH 7.3, required greater than 0.1 mM calcium. In contrast, formation of the intermediate at p

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Segovia-González, Xochitl Fabiola, Maria Veronica Villagrana-Escareño, Maricarmen Ríos-Ramírez, et al. "An Observation of a Very High Swelling of Bromovirus Members at Specific Ionic Strengths and pH." Viruses 15, no. 10 (2023): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15102046.

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Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) are naked plant viruses with similar characteristics; both form a T = 3 icosahedral protein capsid and are members of the bromoviridae family. It is well known that these viruses completely disassemble and liberate their genome at a pH around 7.2 and 1 M ionic strength. However, the 1 M ionic strength condition is not present inside cells, so an important question is how these viruses deliver their genome inside cells for their viral replication. There are some studies reporting the swelling of the CCMV virus using different tec

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del Álamo, Marta, Germán Rivas, and Mauricio G. Mateu. "Effect of Macromolecular Crowding Agents on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Protein Assembly In Vitro." Journal of Virology 79, no. 22 (2005): 14271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.22.14271-14281.2005.

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ABSTRACT Previous studies on the self-assembly of capsid protein CA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro have provided important insights on the structure and assembly of the mature HIV-1 capsid. However, CA polymerization in vitro was previously observed to occur only at very high ionic strength. Here, we have analyzed the effects on CA assembly in vitro of adding unrelated, inert macromolecules (crowding agents), aimed at mimicking the crowded (very high macromolecular effective concentration) environment within the HIV-1 virion. Crowding agents induced fast and efficient

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Prot, T., L. Korving, and M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht. "Ionic strength of the liquid phase of different sludge streams in a wastewater treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 6 (2022): 1920–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.057.

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Abstract In a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), several sludge streams exist and the composition of their liquid phase varies with time and place. For evaluating the potential for formation of precipitates and equilibria for weak acids/bases, the ionic strength and chemical composition need to be known. This information is often not available in literature, and even neglected in chemical model-based research. Based on a literature review, we proposed three ranges of concentration (low, typical and high) for the major constituents of the liquid phase of the different streams in a WWTP. The stu

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Irigoyen, Joseba, Jagoba Iturri, José Luis Camacho, Edwin Donath, and Sergio Moya. "Polyelectrolyte brushes: Water Content, Zeta Potential and Mechanical Properties." MRS Proceedings 1754 (2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.470.

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ABSTRACTPolymer brushes of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (PMETAC) and poly(sulfo propyl methacrylate) (PSPM) were synthesized by Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization from planar and colloidal surfaces. Polymer brush growth was followed by QCMD and the water content determined by combined QCMD and elipsometry. From the water content the percentage of water lost during the brush collapse with the ionic strength could be obtained.Highly charged PSPM brushes were indented by Atomic Force Microscopy at different ionic strengths. The force response was fitted to a phenom

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Zhang, Dong, Y. Q. Tang, R. L. Liu, D. Y. Li, Q. Y. Li, and Wei Li. "“Genes” for material tailoring: Begin with the electron work function for MoC carbide modification—A first-principles study." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 13 (2022): 135106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109067.

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This article reports a study on the modification of bulk and Young's moduli of MoC carbide by partially substituting Mo with selected metallic elements, which influence the strengths and contributions of covalent, ionic, and metallic bond components to the overall atomic bonding of the carbide and thus its mechanical properties. Electron work function (EWF) analysis demonstrates that this parameter plays a promising role as an indicator similar to an encoded parameter with material “genetic” information for guiding the substitute selection. The higher the carbide's EWF, the higher are its bulk

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Hubčík, L., P. Pullmannová, S. S. Funari, F. Devínsky, and D. Uhríková. "DNA – DOPC – gemini surfactants complexes: effect of ionic strength." Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae 61, no. 2 (2014): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2014-0013.

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AbstractThe effect of ionic strength on DNA condensation by cationic liposomes prepared as a mixture of ethane-1,2-diylbis(dodecyl-dimethylammonium bromide) (C2GS12) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. The DNA condensation followed by changes in emission intensity of ethidium bromide shows a strong dependence on the ionic strength of the solution. At physiologically relevant ionic strength (0.15 mol/l NaCl), the amount of DNA condensed between lipid bilayers is approximately 40% lower compared to 0.005 mol/l NaCl. The structure of formed complexe

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Giacobello, Fausta, Viviana Mollica-Nardo, Claudia Foti, et al. "Hydrolysis of Al3+ in Aqueous Solutions: Experiments and Ab Initio Simulations." Liquids 2, no. 1 (2022): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/liquids2010003.

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An experimental and computational study on the hydrolysis of Al3+ in aqueous solutions is here reported. Speciation model and formation constants were determined by potentiometric titrations at T = 298.15 K, 0.1 ≤ I/mol L−1 ≤ 1 in aqueous NaCl, NaNO3, NaCl/NaNO3 solutions. The dependence of formation constants on ionic strength is reported in all the ionic media over the range of 0.1–1.0 mol L−1. Under the studied experimental conditions, the formation of Al3(OH)45+ and Al13(OH)327+ species is observed in all the investigated ionic media and ionic strengths. The formation constants of the spec

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Kamel, Ahmed. "Ionic Strength and Drag Reduction of Polymers in Straight Pipes – An Experimental Investigation." Earth Science Research 10, no. 2 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v10n2p23.

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Previous work has tied the drag reduction properties of polymer solutions to type and concentration of salts, rather than its ionic strength, although it is a more extensive parameter to investigate the effects of salt contents on fluids behavior. The current study aims at investigating the relationship between ionic strength and drag reduction characteristics of polymer solutions when flowing in straight tubing.   Nalco ASP-700 and ASP-820, two common anionic AMPS copolymers, are examined with various salts (2% KCl, 4% KCl, and synthetic seawater). Flow tests were conducted using

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KRESKE, AUDREY C., KRISTIN BJORNSDOTTIR, FRED BREIDT, and HOSNI HASSAN. "Effects of pH, Dissolved Oxygen, and Ionic Strength on the Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Organic Acid Solutions†‡." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 12 (2008): 2404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.12.2404.

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The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to survive in acidified vegetable products is of concern because of previously documented outbreaks associated with fruit juices. A study was conducted to determine the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in organic acids at pH values typical of acidified vegetable products (pH 3.2 and 3.7) under different dissolved oxygen conditions (≤0.05 and 5 mg/liter) and a range of ionic strengths (0.086 to 1.14). All solutions contained 20 mM gluconic acid, which was used as a noninhibitory low pH buffer to compare the individual acid effect to that of pH alone on the sur

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Wu, F. Y., and S. B. Smith. "Ionic Strength and Myofibrillar Protein Solubilization." Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 2 (1987): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1987.652597x.

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Punkkinen, Olli, Per Lyngs Hansen, Ling Miao, and Ilpo Vattulainen. "DNA Overstretching Transition: Ionic Strength Effects." Biophysical Journal 89, no. 2 (2005): 967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.063099.

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Biemans-Oldehinkel, E., N. A. B. N. Mahmood, and B. Poolman. "A sensor for intracellular ionic strength." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 28 (2006): 10624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603871103.

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Pratt, P. L. "Strength and Deformation of Ionic Materials." Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 14, no. 1-4 (2010): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1967.tb06216.x.

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Liu, Boqun, Bert Poolman, and Arnold J. Boersma. "Ionic Strength Sensing in Living Cells." ACS Chemical Biology 12, no. 10 (2017): 2510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.7b00348.

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Nucara, Luca, Vincenzo Piazza, Francesco Greco, et al. "Ionic Strength Responsive Sulfonated Polystyrene Opals." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 5 (2017): 4818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b14455.

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Leberman, Reuben. "The Hofmeister series and ionic strength." FEBS Letters 284, no. 2 (1991): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(91)80707-a.

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Gibbs, Stephen J., Alice S. Chu, Edwin N. Lightfoot, and Thatcher W. Root. "Ovalbumin diffusion at low ionic strength." Journal of Physical Chemistry 95, no. 1 (1991): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100154a082.

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Jing Song Chang and S. Vigneswaran. "Ionic strength in deep bed filtration." Water Research 24, no. 11 (1990): 1425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(90)90164-2.

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