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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Ionospheic wave propagation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

Data aktualizacji: 19 lipca 2025

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1

Yang, Li-Xia, Chao Liu, Qing-Liang Li, and Yu-Bo Yan. "Electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of oblique incidence nonlinear ionospheric Langmuir disturbance." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 6 (2022): 064101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211204.

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Based on the generalized Zakharov model, a numerical model of electromagnetic wave propagating in the ionosphere at different angles is established by combining the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method of obliquely incident plasma with the double hydrodynamics equation and through equivalently transforming the two-dimensional Maxwell equation into one-dimensional Maxwell equation and the plasma hydrodynamics equation. In this paper. the dominant equation of Z-wave in obliquely incident nonlinear ionospheric plasma having been analyzed and deduced, the FDTD algorithm suitable for calcula

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Ueda, H. O., Y. Omura, and H. Matsumoto. "Computer simulations for direct conversion of the HF electromagnetic wave into the upper hybrid wave in ionospheric heating experiments." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 10 (1998): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1251-y.

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Abstract. Excitation of upper hybrid waves associated with the ionospheric heating experiments is assumed to be essential in explaining some of the features of stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE). A direct conversion process is proposed as an excitation mechanism of the upper hybrid waves where the energy of an obliquely propagating electromagnetic pump wave is converted into the electrostatic upper hybrid waves due to small-scale density irregularities. We performed electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the energy conversion process in the ionospheric heating expe

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Mabie, Justin, and Terence Bullett. "Multiple Cusp Signatures in Ionograms Associated with Rocket-Induced Infrasonic Waves." Atmosphere 13, no. 6 (2022): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060958.

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We are interested in understanding how and when infrasonic waves propagate in the thermosphere, specifying the physical properties of those waves, and understanding how they affect radio wave propagation. We use a combination of traditional ionosonde observations and fixed frequency Doppler soundings to make high quality observations of vertically propagating infrasonic waves in the lower thermosphere/bottom side ionosphere. The presented results are the first simultaneous observations of infrasonic wave-induced deformations in ionograms and high-time-resolution observations of corresponding p

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Leyser, Thomas B., H. Gordon James, Björn Gustavsson, and Michael T. Rietveld. "Evidence of <i>L</i>-mode electromagnetic wave pumping of ionospheric plasma near geomagnetic zenith." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (2018): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-243-2018.

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Abstract. The response of ionospheric plasma to pumping by powerful HF (high frequency) electromagnetic waves transmitted from the ground into the ionosphere is the strongest in the direction of geomagnetic zenith. We present experimental results from transmitting a left-handed circularly polarized HF beam from the EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATter association) Heating facility in magnetic zenith. The CASSIOPE (CAScade, Smallsat and IOnospheric Polar Explorer) spacecraft in the topside ionosphere above the F-region density peak detected transionospheric pump radiation, although the pump freq

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5

Pokhotelov, O. A., M. Parrot, E. N. Fedorov, V. A. Pilipenko, V. V. Surkov, and V. A. Gladychev. "Response of the ionosphere to natural and man-made acoustic sources." Annales Geophysicae 13, no. 11 (1995): 1197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-1197-2.

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Abstract. A review is presented of the effects influencing the ionosphere which are caused by acoustic emission from different sources (chemical and nuclear explosions, bolides, meteorites, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, launches of spacecrafts and flights of supersonic jets). A terse statement is given of the basic theoretical principles and simplified theoretical models underlying the physics of propagation of infrasonic pulses and gravity waves in the upper atmosphere. The observations of "quick" response by the ionosphere are pointed out. The problem of magnetic disturbances

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6

Waters, C. L., T. K. Yeoman, M. D. Sciffer, P. Ponomarenko, and D. M. Wright. "Modulation of radio frequency signals by ULF waves." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 5 (2007): 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-1113-2007.

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Abstract. The ionospheric plasma is continually perturbed by ultra-low frequency (ULF; 1–100 mHz) plasma waves that are incident from the magnetosphere. In this paper we present a combined experimental and modeling study of the variation in radio frequency of signals propagating in the ionosphere due to the interaction of ULF wave energy with the ionospheric plasma. Modeling the interaction shows that the magnitude of the ULF wave electric field, e, and the geomagnetic field, B0, giving an e×B0 drift, is the dominant mechanism for changing the radio frequency. We also show how data from high f

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7

Husin, Asnawi, and Buldan Muslim. "EFEK GELOMBANG TSUNAMI ACEH 2004 PADA GANGGUAN IONOSFER BERGERAK SKALA MENENGAH DARI PENGAMATAN JARINGAN GPS SUMATRA." Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 16, no. 2 (2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.16.2.130-137.

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Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID), thought to be manifestation of atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) in the ionospheric altitude that propagates horizontally and effects on in the electron density structure of ionosphere. These atmospheric gravity waves sourced from lower atmospheric activities such as typhoons, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. Wave energy by its coupling induction process can travel to the ionosphere region. It has been understood that the TID's wave structure have an impact on the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere so that it will affect the perfo

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8

Li, Qingfeng, Zeyun Li, and Hanxian Fang. "Using 3D Ray Tracing Technology to Study the Disturbance Effect of Rocket Plume on Ionosphere." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (2022): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071150.

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In this paper, the initial neutral atmospheric parameters, background ionospheric parameters and geomagnetic field parameters of the ionosphere are obtained by NRLMSISE-00 model, IRI-2016 model and IGRF-13 model, respectively. Considering the neutral gas diffusion process, ion chemical reaction and plasma diffusion process, a three-dimensional dynamic model of chemical substances released by rocket plume disturbing the ionosphere is constructed. The influence of the disturbance on the echo path of high frequency radio waves with different incident frequencies is simulated by using three-dimens

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9

Hoffmann, P., and Ch Jacobi. "Planetary wave characteristics of gravity wave modulation from 30–130 km." Advances in Radio Science 10 (September 19, 2012): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-10-271-2012.

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Abstract. Fast gravity waves (GW) have an important impact on the momentum transfer between the middle and upper atmosphere. Experiments with a circulation model indicate a penetration of high phase speed GW into the thermosphere as well as an indirect propagation of planetary waves by the modulation GW of momentum fluxes into the thermosphere. Planetary wave characteristics derived from middle atmosphere SABER temperatures, GW potential energy and ionospheric GPS-TEC data at midlatitudes reveal a possible correspondence of PW signatures in the middle atmosphere and ionosphere in winter around

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10

Riabova, S. A., E. V. Olshanskaya, and S. L. Shalimov. "Response of the Lower and Upper Ionosphere to Earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023." Физика земли 2023, no. 6 (2023): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002333723060182.

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Abstract—Ground-based magnetometers and ionospheric radio probing by means of GPS were used to analyze and interpret specific variations of the geomagnetic field and the total electron content of the ionosphere during strong catastrophic earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. It is shown that the ionospheric responses to these earthquakes recorded at distances of 1200–1600 km from the epicentre in the lower ionosphere and at distances of up to 500 km from the epicentre in the upper ionosphere can be interpreted in terms of the propagation of the Rayleigh seismic wave and atmospheric waves

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Liu, Tong, Zhibin Yu, Zonghua Ding, Wenfeng Nie, and Guochang Xu. "Observation of Ionospheric Gravity Waves Introduced by Thunderstorms in Low Latitudes China by GNSS." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (2021): 4131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204131.

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The disturbances of the ionosphere caused by thunderstorms or lightning events in the troposphere have an impact on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. Gravity waves (GWs) triggered by thunderstorms are one of the main factors that drive short-period Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). At mid-latitudes, ionospheric GWs can be detected by GNSS signals. However, at low latitudes, the multi-variability of the ionosphere leads to difficulties in identifying GWs induced by thunderstorms through GNSS data. Though disturbances of the ionosphere during low-latitude thunderstorms

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12

Robinson, T. R., and K. Schlegel. "The generation of non aspect sensitive plasma density irregularities by field aligned drifts in the lower ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 7 (2000): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0799-y.

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Abstract. A theory of the generation of plasma density irregularities with virtually no aspect sensitivity, in the lower ionosphere at high latitudes, by electron drifts aligned with the geomagnetic field, is presented. The theory is developed through fluid equations in which the destabilising mechanism involves positive feedback from electron collisional heating. When field aligned electron drift speeds exceed a few km s-1, this effect destabilises waves with wavelengths in excess of a few tens of metres in the lower E-region, where collisional effects are sufficiently large. Furthermore, the

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13

Xu, Xiang, Chen Zhou, Run Shi, Binbin Ni, Zhengyu Zhao, and Yuannong Zhang. "Numerical study of the generation and propagation of ultralow-frequency waves by artificial ionospheric F region modulation at different latitudes." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 9 (2016): 815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-815-2016.

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Abstract. Powerful high-frequency (HF) radio waves can be used to efficiently modify the upper-ionospheric plasmas of the F region. The pressure gradient induced by modulated electron heating at ultralow-frequency (ULF) drives a local oscillating diamagnetic ring current source perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, which can act as an antenna radiating ULF waves. In this paper, utilizing the HF heating model and the model of ULF wave generation and propagation, we investigate the effects of both the background ionospheric profiles at different latitudes in the daytime and nighttime iono

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14

Krasheninnikov, I. V., and V. N. Shubin. "Features of Forecasting the Operation of Ionospheric Radio Lines in Upper Rays Modes." Геомагнетизм и аэрономия 63, no. 4 (2023): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016794023600096.

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The frequency dependence of transmitted information qualitative indicators is analyzed on theexample of two meridional radio links: single-hop (~2600 km) and dominant two-hop (~5100 km) for basicmodes of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere. It is shown that the presence of highly efficient receivingtransmittingantennas in a radio communication system leads to the need to take the existence of a priori energeticallyextremely weak modes into account in the problem of radio path specification statement. In thiscase, we consider those formed exclusively by the mechanism of radiation transfer

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15

Wang, Jin, Gang Chen, Tao Yu, Zhongxin Deng, Xiangxiang Yan, and Na Yang. "Middle-Scale Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by the Oblique-Incidence Ionosonde Detection Network in North China after the 2011 Tohoku Tsunamigenic Earthquake." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21031000.

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The 2011 Tohoku earthquake and the following enormous tsunami caused great disturbances in the ionosphere that were observed in various regions along the Pacific Ocean. In this study, the oblique-incidence ionosonde detection network located in North China was applied to investigate the inland ionospheric disturbances related to the 2011 tsunamigenic earthquake. The ionosonde network consists of five transmitters and 20 receivers and can monitor regional ionosphere disturbances continuously and effectively. Based on the recorded electron density variations along the horizontal plane, the plana

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16

Pavelyev, A. G., Y. A. Liou, K. Zhang, et al. "Identification and localization of layers in the ionosphere using the eikonal and amplitude of radio occultation signals." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 1 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1-2012.

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Abstract. By using the CHAllenge Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) radio occultation (RO) data, a description of different types of the ionospheric impacts on the RO signals at the altitudes 30–90 km of the RO ray perigee is given and compared with the results of measurements obtained earlier in the satellite-to-Earth communication link at frequency 1.5415 GHz. An analytical model is introduced for describing propagation of radio waves in a stratified medium consisting of sectors with spherically symmetric refractivity distribution. This model gives analytical expressions for the phase, bending an

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17

Salikhov, Nazyf, Alexander Shepetov, Galina Pak, et al. "Investigation of the Pre- and Co-Seismic Ionospheric Effects from the 6 February 2023 M7.8 Turkey Earthquake by a Doppler Ionosonde." Atmosphere 14, no. 10 (2023): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101483.

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During the catastrophic M7.8 earthquake in Turkey on 6 February 2023, anomalous effects were revealed in the ionosphere associated with various propagation mechanisms of seismogenic disturbance from the lithosphere up to the height of the ionosphere. Seventeen minutes after the main shock, a co-seismic disturbance was detected by a Doppler ionosonde on an inclined, 3010 km long, two-hop radio path “Kuwait—Institute of Ionosphere (Almaty)”. An appearance of acoustic waves at the height of 232 km in the ionosphere was fixed 568 s after arrival of the surface Rayleigh wave to the sub-ionospheric

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18

LaBelle, J. "High-latitude propagation studies using a meridional chain of LF/MF/HF receivers." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 5 (2004): 1705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1705-2004.

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Abstract. For over a decade, Dartmouth College has operated programmable radio receivers at multiple high-latitude sites covering the frequency range 100-5000kHz with about a 1-s resolution. Besides detecting radio emissions of auroral origin, these receivers record characteristics of the ionospheric propagation of natural and man-made signals, documenting well-known effects, such as the diurnal variation in the propagation characteristics of short and long waves, and also revealing more subtle effects. For example, at auroral zone sites in equinoctial conditions, the amplitudes of distant tra

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Zhang, Zhigang, Jingyi She, Hongwei Fu, Lin Zhao, and Shengyun Ji. "Investigation and Validation of Short-Wave Scattering in the Anisotropic Ionosphere under a Geomagnetic Field." Atmosphere 15, no. 7 (2024): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070767.

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Short-wave communication, operating within the frequency range of 3–30 MHz, is extensively employed for long-distance communication because of its extended propagation range and robustness. The ionosphere undergoes complex transformations when influenced by the geomagnetic field, evolving into an uneven and anisotropic electromagnetic medium. This complex property makes the transmission of electromagnetic fields within the ionosphere extremely complex, posing significant challenges for accurately evaluating electromagnetic scattering phenomena. To address the aforementioned challenges, this pa

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Koucká Knížová, Petra, Kateřina Podolská, Kateřina Potužníková, et al. "Evidence of vertical coupling: meteorological storm Fabienne on 23 September 2018 and its related effects observed up to the ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 38, no. 1 (2020): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-73-2020.

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Abstract. A severe meteorological storm system on the frontal border of cyclone Fabienne passing above central Europe was observed on 23–24 September 2018. Large meteorological systems are considered to be important sources of the wave-like variability visible/detectable through the atmosphere and even up to ionospheric heights. Significant departures from regular courses of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters were detected in all analyzed datasets through atmospheric heights. Above Europe, stratospheric temperature and wind significantly changed in coincidence with fast frontal transition

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Altadill, David, Antoni Segarra, Estefania Blanch, et al. "A method for real-time identification and tracking of traveling ionospheric disturbances using ionosonde data: first results." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 10 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019042.

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Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) are wave-like propagating irregularities that alter the electron density environment and play an important role spreading radio signals propagating through the ionosphere. A method combining spectral analysis and cross-correlation is applied to time series of ionospheric characteristics (i.e., MUF(3000)F2 or foF2) using data of the networks of ionosondes in Europe and South Africa to estimate the period, amplitude, velocity and direction of propagation of TIDs. The method is verified using synthetic data and is validated through comparison of TID detec

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Danskin, D. W., A. V. Koustov, T. Ogawa, et al. "On the factors controlling occurrence of F-region coherent echoes." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 9 (2002): 1385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1385-2002.

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Abstract. Several factors are known to control the HF echo occurrence rate, including electron density distribution in the ionosphere (affecting the propagation path of the radar wave), D-region radio wave absorption, and ionospheric irregularity intensity. In this study, we consider 4 days of CUTLASS Finland radar observations over an area where the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar has continuously monitored ionospheric parameters. We illustrate that for the event under consideration, the D-region absorption was not the major factor affecting the echo appearance. We show that the electron dens

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Galushko, V. G., V. V. Paznukhov, Y. M. Yampolski, and J. C. Foster. "Incoherent scatter radar observations of AGW/TID events generated by the moving solar terminator." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 7 (1998): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0821-3.

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Abstract. Observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) associated with atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) generated by the moving solar terminator have been made with the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar. Three experiments near 1995 fall equinox measured the AGW/TID velocity and direction of motion. Spectral and cross-correlation analysis of the ionospheric density observations indicates that ST-generated AGWs/TIDs were observed during each experiment, with the more-pronounced effect occurring at sunrise. The strongest oscillations in the ionospheric parameters have periods o

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Prikner, K., K. Mursula, J. Kangas, R. Kerttula, and F. Z. Feygin. "An effect of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator on multiband Pc1 pulsations." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 2 (2004): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-643-2004.

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Abstract. On 2 December 1999, the magnetometer stations in northern Finland registered structured Pc1 activity simultaneously in three distinct frequency bands. Using simultaneous EISCAT radar measurements of the high-latitude ionosphere, we have studied the ionospheric resonator properties during this multiband Pc1 event. The frequencies of the three structured Pc1 bands were found to closely correspond to the second, third and fourth harmonic of the calculated fundamental frequency of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR). In addition, those frequencies of the three pearl bands that were cl

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Kotik, Dmitriy, Ekaterina Orlova, and Vladimir Yashnov. "Peculiarities of ULF wave characteristics in a multicomponent ionospheric plasma." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 8, no. 4 (2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-84202205.

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We have examined the properties of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in multicomponent ionospheric plasma in the 1–30 Hz band, using the magnetoionic theory. Complex permittivity tensor components and refractive indices of normal waves (ordinary and extraordinary) were calculated at altitudes from 80 to 750 km. The calculations show that the refractive indices are highly dependent on frequency and height. Polarization of ordinary and extraordinary waves is elliptical over the entire range of the frequencies investigated. The refractive index and the polarization of normal waves are demonstra

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Kotik, Dmitriy, Ekaterina Orlova, and Vladimir Yashnov. "Peculiarities of ULF wave characteristics in a multicomponent ionospheric plasma." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8, no. 4 (2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-84202205.

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We have examined the properties of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in multicomponent ionospheric plasma in the 1–30 Hz band, using the magnetoionic theory. Complex permittivity tensor components and refractive indices of normal waves (ordinary and extraordinary) were calculated at altitudes from 80 to 750 km. The calculations show that the refractive indices are highly dependent on frequency and height. Polarization of ordinary and extraordinary waves is elliptical over the entire range of the frequencies investigated. The refractive index and the polarization of normal waves are demonstra

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Takahashi, Hisao, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, Patrick Essien, et al. "Signature of gravity wave propagations from the troposphere to ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 40, no. 6 (2022): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-665-2022.

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Abstract. We observed a gravity wave (GW) signature in the OH emission layer in the upper mesosphere, and 4 h later, a medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) in the OI 630 nm emission layer. Spectral analysis of the two waves showed that both have almost the same wave characteristics: wavelength, period, phase speed and propagation direction, respectively, 200 km, 60 min, 50 m s−1, toward the southeast. From the gravity wave ray-tracing simulation for the mesospheric gravity wave, we found that the wave came from a tropospheric deep convection spot and propagated up to the 140

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Yoshida, M., T. Yamauchi, T. Horie, and M. Hayakawa. "On the generation mechanism of terminator times in subionospheric VLF/LF propagation and its possible application to seismogenic effects." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 1 (2008): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-129-2008.

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Abstract. The signals from VLF/LF transmitters are known to propagate in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, so that the subionospheric propagation characteristics are very sensitive to the condition of the lower ionosphere. We know that there appear the terminator times just around the sunrise and sunset in the diurnal variation of subionospheric VLF/LF signal (amplitude and phase). These terminator times are found to shift significantly just around an earthquake, which enables us to infer the change in the ionosphere during the earthquake. In this paper we try to understand the physical mechanis

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Chen, P., J. J. Chen, W. Q. Yao, and B. Zhang. "Study of the 2013 Lushan <i>M</i> = 7.0 earthquake coseismic ionospheric disturbances." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 5 (2013): 5643–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-5643-2013.

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Abstract. On 20 April 2013, an earthquake of M =7.0 occurred in Lushan, Sichuan province, China. This paper investigates the coseismic ionospheric anomalies using GPS (Global Positioning System) data from 23 reference stations in Sichuan province that are a part of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). The recorded results show that a clear ionospheric anomaly occurred within 15 min after the earthquake near the epicenter, and the occurrence time of the anomalies recorded by various stations is related to the distance from the epicenter. The maximum anomaly is 0.25 TECu,

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Cherniak, Iurii, David Altadill, Irina Zakharenkova, et al. "Combination of High-Rate Ionosonde Measurements with COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Observations for Reference Ionosphere Applications." Atmosphere 16, no. 7 (2025): 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16070804.

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Knowledge of ionospheric plasma altitudinal distribution is crucial for the effective operation of radio wave propagation, communication, and navigation systems. High-frequency sounding radars—ionosondes—provide unbiased benchmark measurements of ionospheric plasma density due to a direct relationship between the frequency of sound waves and ionospheric electron density. But ground-based ionosonde observations are limited by the F2 layer peak height and cannot probe the topside ionosphere. GNSS Radio Occultation (RO) onboard Low-Earth-Orbiting satellites can provide measurements of plasma dist

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Liu, Yuhan, and Shuanggen Jin. "Ionospheric Rayleigh Wave Disturbances Following the 2018 Alaska Earthquake from GPS Observations." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (2019): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080901.

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Big earthquakes often excite the acoustic resonance between the earth’s surface and the lower atmosphere. The perturbations can propagate upward into the ionosphere and trigger ionospheric anomalies detected by dual-frequency GPS observations, but coseismic ionospheric disturbance (CID) directivity and mechanism are not clear. In this paper, the ionospheric response to the Mw = 7.9 Alaska earthquake on 23 January 2018 is investigated from about 100 continuous GPS stations near the epicenter. The fourth-order zero-phase Butterworth band-pass filter with cutoffs of 2.2 mHz and 8 mHz is applied t

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Robinson, T. R. "Effects of multiple scatter on the propagation and absorption of electromagnetic waves in a field-aligned-striated cold magneto-plasma: implications for ionospheric modification experiments." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 1 (2002): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-41-2002.

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Abstract. A new theory of the propagation of low power electromagnetic test waves through the upper-hybrid resonance layer in the presence of magnetic field-aligned plasma density striations, which includes the effects of multiple scatter, is presented. The case of sinusoidal striations in a cold magnetoplasma is treated rigorously and then extended, in an approximate manner, to the broad-band striation spectrum and warm plasma cases. In contrast to previous, single scatter theories, it is found that the interaction layer is much broader than the wavelength of the test wave. This is due to the

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Rapoport, Yuriy G., Oleg K. Cheremnykh, Volodymyr V. Koshovy, et al. "Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment." Annales Geophysicae 35, no. 1 (2017): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-53-2017.

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Abstract. We develop theoretical basics of active experiments with two beams of acoustic waves, radiated by a ground-based sound generator. These beams are transformed into atmospheric acoustic gravity waves (AGWs), which have parameters that enable them to penetrate to the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions where they influence the electron concentration of the ionosphere. Acoustic waves are generated by the ground-based parametric sound generator (PSG) at the two close frequencies. The main idea of the experiment is to design the output parameters of the PSG to build a cascade sche

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34

Onohara, Amelia Naomi, Inez Staciarini Batista, and Paulo Prado Batista. "Wavenumber-4 structures observed in the low-latitude ionosphere during low and high solar activity periods using FORMOSAT/COSMIC observations." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 2 (2018): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-459-2018.

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Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the four-peak structure observed in the low-latitude equatorial ionosphere by the FORMOSAT/COSMIC satellites. Longitudinal distributions of NmF2 (the density of the F layer peak) and hmF2 (ionospheric F2-layer peak height) averages, obtained around September equinox periods from 2007 to 2015, were submitted to a bi-spectral Fourier analysis in order to obtain the amplitudes and phases of the main waves. The four-peak structure in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere was present in both low and high solar activity periods. This ki

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35

Günzkofer, Florian, Dimitry Pokhotelov, Gunter Stober, et al. "Inferring neutral winds in the ionospheric transition region from atmospheric-gravity-wave traveling-ionospheric-disturbance (AGW-TID) observations with the EISCAT VHF radar and the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster." Annales Geophysicae 41, no. 2 (2023): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-409-2023.

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Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves and traveling ionospheric disturbances can be observed in the neutral atmosphere and the ionosphere at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Especially at medium scales, these oscillations are often not resolved in general circulation models and are parameterized. We show that ionospheric disturbances forced by upward-propagating atmospheric gravity waves can be simultaneously observed with the EISCAT very high frequency incoherent scatter radar and the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster. From combined multi-static measurements, both vertical and horizontal

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36

Blagoveshchensky, D. V., and O. A. Maltseva. "Simulation of Medium Wave Propagation in the Magnetosphere." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 62, no. 1-2 (2022): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793222020049.

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Abstract A model of the medium of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, including the distributions of the concentrations and temperatures, collision frequencies, and magnetic field parameters, is described. The ray-tracing method was used to simulate the parameters of medium radio waves in this environment. The wave trajectories were calculated in the approximation of geometric optics. When the level of solar and geomagnetic activity and the location of the transmitter and the frequency are set, the parameters of the wave paths can be calculated. Numerical modeling of the characteristics of exper

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37

Kouris, S. S., P. A. Bradley, and P. Dominici. "<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Solar-cycle variation of the daily <i>fo</i>F2 and M(3000)F2." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 8 (1998): 1039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1039-0.

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Abstract. Daily values of the ionospheric characteristics foF2 and M(3000)F2 for a given hour and month are correlated with the corresponding daily values of sunspot number using measured data collected at seven European locations. The significance of applying different-order polynomials is considered and the times are confirmed when the higher-order terms are important. Mean correlation coefficients for combined data sets over all hours, months and stations are determined, together with the standard errors of estimates. Comparisons are made with corresponding figures for monthly median values

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38

Chernogor, L. F., K. P. Garmash, Q. Guo, et al. "Parameters of traveling ionospheric disturbances: results from spaced oblique HF sounding." Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series “Radio Physics and Electronics”, no. 37 (December 30, 2022): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2022-37-04.

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Urgency. A characteristic feature of the ionospheric radio channel is that its parameters depend on season, local time, solar activity, geographic coordinates, the state of the sun, the state of atmospheric-space weather, etc. The state of the atmosphere and ionosphere and thus the state of the corresponding radio channels is rarely quiet. Usually, they are disturbed by high-energy sources of natural or anthropogenic nature. It is the perturbation of the parameters of the radio channel that limits the potential tactical and performance characteristics of radar, radio navigation, radio astronom

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39

Arnold, N. F., T. B. Jones, T. R. Robinson, A. J. Stocker, and J. A. Davies. "Validation of the CUTLASS HF radar gravity wave observing capability using EISCAT CP-1 data." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 10 (1998): 1392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1392-z.

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Abstract. Quasi-periodic fluctuations in the returned ground-scatter power from the SuperDARN HF radars have been linked to the passage of medium-scale gravity waves. We have applied a technique that extracts the first radar range returns from the F-region to study the spatial extent and characteristics of these waves in the CUTLASS field-of-view. Some ray tracing was carried out to test the applicability of this method. The EISCAT radar facility at Tromsø is well within the CUTLASS field-of-view for these waves and provides a unique opportunity to assess independently the ability of the HF ra

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40

Hocke, K., and K. Schlegel. "A review of atmospheric gravity waves and travelling ionospheric disturbances: 1982-1995." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 9 (1996): 917–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0917-6.

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Abstract. Recent investigations of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) and travelling ionospheric disturbances (TID) in the Earth\\'s thermosphere and ionosphere are reviewed. In the past decade, the generation of gravity waves at high latitudes and their subsequent propagation to low latitudes have been studied by several global model simulations and coordinated observation campaigns such as the Worldwide Atmospheric Gravity-wave Study (WAGS), the results are presented in the first part of the review. The second part describes the progress towards understanding the AGW/TID characteristics. It poi

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41

Afraimovich, E. L., N. P. Perevalova, A. V. Plotnikov, and A. M. Uralov. "The shock-acoustic waves generated by earthquakes." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 4 (2001): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-395-2001.

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Abstract. We investigate the form and dynamics of shock-acoustic waves generated by earthquakes. We use the method for detecting and locating the sources of ionospheric impulsive disturbances, based on using data from a global network of receivers of the GPS navigation system, and require no a priori information about the place and time of the associated effects. The practical implementation of the method is illustrated by a case study of earthquake effects in Turkey (17 August and 12 November 1999), in Southern Sumatra (4 June 2000), and off the coast of Central America (13 January 2001). It

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42

Mizonova, V. G., and P. A. Bespalov. "The Influence of Small Variations of Plasma Density on Conditions of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves of the Whistle Range through the Morning Ionosphere." Космические исследования 61, no. 2 (2023): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0023420622100077.

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The problem of the effect of plasma-density disturbances caused by infrasonic waves on the propagation and reflection of whistler electromagnetic waves incident on the morning ionosphere from above is considered. The influence of the parameters of an infrasonic wave on the coefficient of reflection of a whistler wave from the ionosphere from above in the general case of oblique propagation is studied. The strongest changes in the reflection coefficient of whistler waves are associated with concentration perturbations at heights of the order of 80–100 km, where the rate of decay of propagating

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43

Marshall, R. A., and F. W. Menk. "Observations of Pc 3-4 and Pi 2 geomagnetic pulsations in the low-latitude ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 11 (1999): 1397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1397-2.

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Abstract. Day-time Pc 3–4 (~5–60 mHz) and night-time Pi 2 (~5–20 mHz) ULF waves propagating down through the ionosphere can cause oscillations in the Doppler shift of HF radio transmissions that are correlated with the magnetic pulsations recorded on the ground. In order to examine properties of these correlated signals, we conducted a joint HF Doppler/magnetometer experiment for two six-month intervals at a location near L = 1.8. The magnetic pulsations were best correlated with ionospheric oscillations from near the F region peak. The Doppler oscillations were in phase at two different altit

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44

Yang, Xuguang, Aijun Liu, Changjun Yu, and Linwei Wang. "Ionospheric Clutter Model for HF Sky-Wave Path Propagation with an FMCW Source." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (May 8, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1782942.

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A theoretical model of the sky-wave path propagation with frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) source for high frequency (HF) radar is proposed in this paper. Based on the modeling of pulsed source, the expression of the received electric field with an FMCW source is derived for the reflection case from the ionospheric irregularities. Subsequently, the ionospheric reflection coefficient with different phase power spectrums for vertical and oblique backscattering propagation paths is incorporated into the ionospheric clutter model. Simulation results show that the peak power of FMCW in av

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45

Pavelyev, A. G., K. Zhang, J. Wickert, et al. "Identification and localization of layers in the ionosphere using the eikonal and amplitude of radio occultation signals." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 2 (2011): 1465–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-1465-2011.

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Abstract. Conditions for communication, navigation, and remote sensing in the ionosphere and atmosphere depend strongly on the ionospheric impact on the radio waves propagation. By use of the CHAllenge Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) radio occultation (RO) data a description of different types of the ionospheric contributions to the RO signals at the altitudes 30–90 km of the RO ray perigee is introduced and compared with results of measurements obtained earlier in the communication link satellite-to-Earth at frequency 1.5415 GHz. An analytical model is introduced for description of the radio wa

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46

Kryukovsky, A. S., D. S. Lukin, E. V. Mikhaleva, E. A. Palkin, and D. V. Rastyagaev. "Mathematical modeling of the influence of Earth’s ionosphere inhomogeneities on the propagation of electromagnetic waves." Radiotehnika i èlektronika 69, no. 6 (2024): 501–12. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0033849424060017.

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New methods for diagnostics of the fine structure of the Earth’s ionosphere and their verification by comparing the results of their application with the results of modeling and independent direct measurements are presented. Techniques for reconstructing the profiles of electron density and electron collision frequency in the ionosphere are developed using information on the polarization and amplitude characteristics of the ordinary and extraordinary components of the recorded signals with linear frequency modulation during vertical and oblique sounding. Mathematical and numerical modeling of

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47

Khantadze, A. G., G. V. Jandieri, A. Ishimaru, T. D. Kaladze, and Zh M. Diasamidze. "Electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth's upper atmosphere (review)." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 7 (2010): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1387-2010.

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Abstract. A complete theory of low-frequency MHD oscillations of the Earth's weakly ionized ionosphere is formulated. Peculiarities of excitation and propagation of electromagnetic acoustic-gravity, MHD and planetary waves are considered in the Earth's ionosphere. The general dispersion equation is derived for the magneto-acoustic, magneto-gravity and electromagnetic planetary waves in the ionospheric E- and F-regions. The action of the geomagnetic field on the propagation of acoustic-gravity waves is elucidated. The nature of the existence of the comparatively new large-scale electromagnetic

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48

Xu, Xin, Ling Huang, Shun Wang, Yicai Ji, Xiaojun Liu, and Guangyou Fang. "VLF/LF Lightning Location Based on LWPC and IRI Models: A Quantitative Study." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (2022): 5784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225784.

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The group velocity of lightning electromagnetic signals plays an important role in lightning location systems using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method. Accurate estimation of group velocity is difficult due to the space- and time-varying properties of the Earth’s ionospheric waveguide. Besides, the analytical solution of the group velocity is difficult to obtain from the classic mode theory, especially when higher-order modes, anisotropic geomagnetic background, diffuse ionosphere profile, and propagation path segmentation are all taken into consideration. To overcome these challenge

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Mustapha, Abbas, Joshua Wisdom, Mukhtar Furfuri, and Mohammad Kaoje. "Longitudinal Response of the Low-latitude Ionosphere to 2017 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event." International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 9, no. 1 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.11.

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The Earth&apos;s ionosphere, a crucial region for communication and navigation systems, is susceptible to disturbances driven by both external (solar and geomagnetic activity) and internal (atmospheric waves) forces. These internal forces are known to be amplified during SSW events, creating significant ionospheric perturbations. This study investigates the longitudinal response of the low-latitude ionosphere, specifically focusing on the EIA, to the 2017 SSW event. Addressing a gap in current understanding, this research analyzes the longitudinal variations in TEC within the African and A

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Aburjania, G. D., K. Z. Chargazia, G. V. Jandieri, A. G. Khantadze, and O. A. Kharshiladze. "On the new modes of planetary-scale electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 4 (2004): 1203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1203-2004.

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Abstract. Using an analogy method the frequencies of new modes of the electromagnetic planetary-scale waves (with a wavelength of 103 km or more), having a weather forming nature, are found at different ionospheric altitudes. This method gives the possibility to determine spectra of ionospheric electromagnetic perturbations directly from the dynamic equations without solving the general dispersion equation. It is shown that the permanently acting factor-latitude variation of the geomagnetic field generates fast and slow weakly damping planetary electromagnetic waves in both the E- and F-layers

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