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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Irrigation farming (S.E.Australia)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

MARASENI, T. N., S. MUSHTAQ, and J. MAROULIS. "Greenhouse gas emissions from rice farming inputs: a cross-country assessment." Journal of Agricultural Science 147, no. 2 (January 20, 2009): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008411.

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SUMMARYRegardless of the irrigation system deployed, rice production requires a variety of farm energy inputs. The present study estimated and compared greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice farming practices, resulting from various farm inputs and irrigation systems in Pakistan, the Philippines, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Australia and the USA. Results indicate that, on aggregate, emissions related to farm machinery, fuels, agrochemicals and animal labour accounted for 0·018, 0·307, 0·666 and 0·008, respectively. Emissions from tubewell irrigation systems were the highest, followed b
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Ribeiro, Eduardo Castro, Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho, Lucas Antonio de Freitas Santos, and José Guilherme Marinho Guerra. "Onion yield under agroecological farming system using distinct irrigation depths and soil covers." Ciência Rural 46, no. 5 (March 1, 2016): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150342.

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ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of irrigation depths applied through drip and presence/absence of soil cover in onion yield, under agroecological farming. The experiment was conducted in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, from May to September 2012. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plot design with 10 treatments and 7 replications, characterized by the presence (+S) and absence (-S) of soil cover and five irrigation depths according to percentages of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 0, 22, 45, 75 and 100% (0, 155, 220.6, 320
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Bethune, M., O. A. Gyles, and Q. J. Wang. "Options for management of saline groundwater in an irrigated farming system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (2004): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02179.

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Groundwater pumping is used to control salinity problems in many irrigation regions of Australia. Options for managing the pumped groundwater are required to be consistent with achieving high farm production levels and minimising salt export from irrigation regions. In this study, pasture production and economic aspects of 6 options for managing pumped groundwater are compared. The 6 options include (i) complete farm reuse of pumped groundwater for irrigation; (ii) complete export to river system; (iii) complete disposal to evaporation basin; (iv) partial farm reuse with reduced salt export; (
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Mabe, Franklin Nantui, Cheye Stephen, and Abdulai Ibrahim. "The Effect of Contract Farming on Rice Yield in the Botanga irriagation Scheme." International Journal of Irrigation and Agricultural Development (IJIRAD) 5, no. 1 (June 19, 2022): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47762/2021.964x.49.

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Contract farming which involves an agreement between a farmer(s) and buyer under specific conditions is supposed to yield mutual benefits. It has gained ground in Ghana`s rice production sector including rice farmers in the Botanga Irrigation Scheme. Farmers are expected to get higher yields through the provision of necessary improved inputs and management advice by the contractors. Meanwhile, there is no empirical evidence on the effect of contract farming on yield. This study aimed to examine the effect of contract farming on rice yield in the Botanga irrigation scheme. A simple random sampl
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Russell, JS, and AL Chapman. "Sulfur deficiency in rice grown on the alkaline soils of the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (1988): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880111.

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Nutrient and acidification effects of sulfur (S) on the growth of flooded rice on Cununurra clay from the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia. were studied in pot experiments. An acute S deficiency in the surface horizon of Cununurra clay was found. This deficiency was extreme on virgin soil but was also evident on cropped soil that had received substantial amounts of S as superphosphate and ammonium sulfate in the past. The major effect of an application of elemental S on rice growth was as a nutrient. Irrigation water appears to be an important source of nutrient S in this remote area whe
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Chapman, AL, JD Sturtz, AL Cogle, WS Mollah, and RJ Bateman. "Farming systems in the Australian semi-arid tropics-a recent history." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960915.

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The recent history of dryland farming in the Australian semi-arid tropics is discussed briefly against the background of national and state policies, established following World War II, aimed at increasing the population and development of northern Australia. Some reference is also made to irrigation as a means of overcoming limitations imposed by rainfall and to complement dryland farming systems. The environmental and socio-economic constraints whch have so far limited commercial agriculture in the Australian semi-arid tropics are highlighted. Efforts, particularly in north-west Australia, t
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7

Maraseni, T. N., S. Mushtaq, and K. Reardon-Smith. "Re-evaluating the rationale for irrigation technology adoption through an integrated trade-off analysis: case study of a cotton farming system in Australia." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 3 (March 8, 2014): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.046.

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While the prevailing rationale for new irrigation technology adoption is improved water use efficiency, this study evaluated trade-offs between water savings, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic gain associated with the conversion of a furrow irrigation system to a sprinkler irrigation (lateral-move) system on a cotton farm in eastern Australia. Trade-offs were evident when conversion to the pressurised sprinkler irrigation system was evaluated in terms of fuel and energy-related emission; the adoption of the new system saved water but increased GHG emissions. However, when we consider
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8

Ford, J. L., G. R. Cousins, Z. Jahufer, I. J. Baird, D. R. Woodfield, and B. A. Barrett. "Grasslands Legacy - a new, large-leaved white clover cultivar with broad adaption." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.458.

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White clover (Trifolium repens L.) continues to play a pivotal role in the Australasian pastoral industry, despite increased use of nitrogen fertiliser on farms. Improved white clovers for dairy farming must be well adapted to the farm systems they are intended for, including increased rates of fertiliser nitrogen, higher stocking rates and access to irrigation. The breeding objective was to develop a white clover cultivar in evaluation systems that simulate modern farming practices, and test that cultivar in both New Zealand and Australia for adaptation and agronomic merit. This included bree
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9

Stevens, D. P., M. J. McLaughlin, and M. K. Smart. "Effects of long-term irrigation with reclaimed water on soils of the Northern Adelaide Plains, South Australia." Soil Research 41, no. 5 (2003): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02049.

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On a small scale, reclaimed water (RCW) use has been practised on the Northern Adelaide Plains (NAP) horticultural districts for more than 28 years. The RCW has had approximately 1.7 times the salinity and twice the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of bore water commonly used for irrigation in the district. Recently, a large-scale reclamation scheme has been commissioned which could eventually supply approximately 30 GL of RCW to over 250 growers on the NAP. This study compared historical water quality and time of use data with physico-chemical properties of soil cores taken from sites where recl
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McDonald, L. M., P. Wright, and D. A. MacLeod. "Nitrogen fixation by lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) rotation crops in an irrigated cotton farming system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (2001): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99143.

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Cotton producers in Australia are interested in including legume green manure crops in their farming systems. Lablab and lucerne are 2 crops that have been considered for this role. The object of this study was to determine their biomass production, nitrogen fixation, water use and water-use efficiency within a 1-year out-of-cotton rotation. Both species were grown under full irrigation, and partial irrigation, where periods of moisture stress occurred. During the period of the rotation, lablab produced more biomass and fixed more nitrogen than lucerne. Its biomass production was increased (fr
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11

Abenoja, Ryan, Roger Montepio, and Roland Bayron. "A New Solar-Powered Rice-Fish Farming System for Yield Improvement." Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53899/spjrd.v25i1.42.

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Rice-fish farming is widely practiced all over the world, but since some areas lack irrigation, diesel pumps are often needed. Solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) are considered to be a more sustainable option than traditional pumps, but are more costly to set up, limiting their use to direct rice irrigation. This study intended to integrate solar-powered pumps in the irrigation system and investigate its viability through the following: establish an appropriate motor size, determine solar panel tilt, and compare with traditional irrigation pumping. The system was comprised of a positive d
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12

Greenland, Steven, Elizabeth Levin, John F. Dalrymple, and Barry O’Mahony. "Sustainable innovation adoption barriers: water sustainability, food production and drip irrigation in Australia." Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 6 (September 2, 2019): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-07-2018-0181.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine impediments to the adoption of sustainable water-efficient technological innovation in agriculture. Farming is the largest water consumer and food production expansion in response to global population growth, combined with increasing droughts from climate change, threatens water and food insecurity for many countries. Yet, climate smart agriculture (CSA) innovation adoption has been slow, and in this regard, governments and the agricultural sector are not fulfilling their social responsibility and sustainability obligations. Design/methodology/approach Barrie
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13

L Bougher, Neale, and Inez C Tommerup. "Restoration of Australia?s native fungi: For improved commercial environmental forestry, farm revegetation and sustainability in the Australian wheatbelt region." Microbiology Australia 24, no. 3 (2003): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03338.

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There is currently much effort being put into methods of harnessing Australia?s plant biodiversity for profitable farming systems with multiple environmental benefits. However, less attention has been given to significant components of natural ecosystems other than plants. One such component is Australia?s diverse and unique native fungi, and the range of largely ignored, out of sight, ecosystem functions provided by fungi. Though poorly recognised to date, management and restoration of Australia?s native fungi and other soil organisms in tandem with animals and plants are likely to be key par
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14

Singh, Harmandeep, and Nitika Sharma. "DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PRECISION FARMING." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i1b.3065.

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A decision support system for precision farming is designed to assist farmers, agricultural experts, research workers or any intellectuals with guidance in making various farming related decisions and help them to access, display and analyze data that have geographic content and meaning. The concept of precision farming is not only related with the use of technologies but it is also about the five R’s that is use of right input (nutrients, water, fertilizer, money, machinery etc.), at the right time, at the right place, in the right amount and in the right manner. There is need to have accur
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15

Agussalim, Muliana Djafar, and Andi Syam Rizal. "Analisis Potensi Debit Air Tanah Melalui Pumping Test Metode Step Draw Down pada Sumur Bor Irigasi di Desa Bonto Rannu, Kecamatan Kajang, Kabupaten Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan." JFT: Jurnal Fisika dan Terapannya 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jft.v9i2.32277.

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The rice fields in Bonto Rannu Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency are dominated by rainfed rice fields. This species has limitations in the dry season because irrigation/agricultural irrigation completely depends on rainwater. Therefore, it is necessary to identify alternative irrigation sources to sustain farmers' farming activities in Bonto Rannu Village. This study aims to analyze the number of groundwater wells by testing in the form of a pump test (pumping test) with the step draw-down method. The optimum discharge (Qopt) of well 1 is 0.01876 m3/s or 67.53 m3/hour with an optimum
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16

Fedosov, A. Yu, and A. M. Menshikh. "Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture to Optimize Irrigation." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 16, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2022-16-4-45-53.

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Abstract. The relevance of artificial intelligence in agriculture is substantiated for irrigation optimization. (Research purpose) To report on the progress made over the past few years in the application of artificial intelligence to optimize crop irrigation. (Materials and methods) The review focuses on the most salient facts and important scientific information on the application of artificial intelligence in crop production. The review is based on Various databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, RSCI) and online sources (Research Gate, Springer Nature O
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17

Braunack, M. V. "Cotton farming systems in Australia: factors contributing to changed yield and fibre quality." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 8 (2013): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13172.

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This study was undertaken to identify factors in Australian cotton farming systems that influence yield and fibre quality of cotton and how these have changed with time after the wide adoption of Bollgard II® cultivars (containing the proteins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, providing easier control of Helicoverpa spp.) in the 2003–04 season. Data from Australian commercial cotton variety trials conducted from 2004 to 2011 were used to link management inputs, yield, and fibre quality. Restricted (residual) maximum likelihood (REML) and regression analyses were used to determine which factors had a signific
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18

Jadhav, H. K., and S. B. Patil. "STUDIES ON FISH AND FISHERIES OF BORI RESERVOIR, NALDURG. DIST. OSMANABAD. (M. S.) INDIA." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (May 23, 2022): 1007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/b4.

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The present communication deals with the study on fish and fisheries of Bori Reservoir, Naldurg. Dist. Osmanabad. (M.S.) India. Bori Reservoir present work was carried-out during the year 2020 (January to December). The project is mainly constructed for the purpose to provide water for Drinking, Irrigation and Fish Farming activities. The project is exploited for fishery purposes by the local fishermen’s co-operative societies. During the study period 16 species of fishes belonging to 3 orders and 9 families were recorded. Key-words: Fish and Fisheries – Bori Reservoir, Naldurg. Dist. Osmanaba
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Weatherley, A. J., B. F. Quin, K. B. Dassanayake, and J. S. Rowarth. "Runoff losses from irrigated dairy pastures treated with phosphorus fertilisers of differing solubility in south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 49, no. 7 (2011): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11156.

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In response to increasing concern about environmental quality, water authorities in many countries are imposing legislation limiting phosphorus (P) concentrations in water, which is having an impact on farming practice. This experiment investigated the agronomic effects and runoff losses associated with different forms of P fertiliser applied to an irrigated dairy pasture (soils were Vertic Calcic Red Chromosols; average Olsen P, 50 mg P/kg) in north-central Victoria, Australia. Single superphosphate (SSP), a sulfurised diammonium phosphate, or partially acidulated phosphate rock was surface-a
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Nuhu, I., and H. Abdulsalam. "An efficacy of Zobe dam for hydroelectricity generation in Katsina State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.32.

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The quest for other alternative and sustainable energy prompted the feasibility assessment of Zobe dam meant for irrigation to produce electricity; In this write-up the scheme is designed to operate with two turbines; turbine T1 to operate all year round to take account of the irrigation need downstream, The second turbine T2 will operate on a spill discharge, and to be available for four months with a generation capacity of 0.969 MW. T1 is expected to discharge 55,500,000m3 within six months to cater for irrigation need with an average discharge rate of 3.6m3 /s. it was found that, the dam ha
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Garside, AL, RJ Lawn, and DE Byth. "Irrigation management of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in a semi-arid tropical environment. I. Effect of irrigation frequency on growth, development and yield." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 5 (1992): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921003.

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The effect of frequency of irrigation on the growth, development and yield of soybeans was studied in two experiments at the Irrigation Research Station, Ord Irrigation Area (15�39'S., 128�43' E.), Western Australia. Irrigation frequencies were based on Class A pan evaporation and involved irrigation after every 30, 60, 120 or 240 mm of cumulative pan evaporation. An additional treatment, saturated soil culture (SSC) or continuous furrow irrigation (analogous to 0 mm pan evaporation), was included in one of the experiments. Seed yields increased linearly with increasing irrigation frequency wi
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22

Uddin, MT, and K. Akhi. "Pond Fish Farming under NGO Support and Individual Management: A Comparative Socioeconomic Study." Agriculturists 12, no. 1 (July 19, 2014): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19584.

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The study was conducted to compare the profitability of fish farming under NGO support and individual management and to evaluate the overall impact of NGO intervention on farmers’ income. A total of 120 farmers (60 for own management and 60 for NGO support) were selected following random sampling technique for data collection from both Mymensingh and Tangail District. The data were collected through direct interview from the selected fish farmers. Data were analyzed with a combination of tabular and functional analysis. The BCR was 1.9 for own management and 2.4 for NGO supported pond fish far
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23

Nehl, David, Stephen Allen, and Joseph Kochman. "Fusarium wilt of cotton: a fatal fungal affliction?" Microbiology Australia 24, no. 3 (2003): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03308.

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Fusarium wilt is one of those uncommon phenomena where something so small does so much and motivates so many. It is a virulent, new fungal pathogen which is afflicting a vibrant modern industry in the Australian rural landscape. In this review, we examine the appearance of Fusarium wilt of cotton and the substantial response by the researchers and farming communities behind Australia?s third biggest rural export commodity.
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Harries, Martin, Ken C. Flower, and Craig A. Scanlan. "Sustainability of nutrient management in grain production systems of south-west Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 3 (2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20403.

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Balancing nutrient inputs and exports is essential to maintaining soil fertility in rainfed crop and pasture farming systems. Soil nutrient balances of land used for crop and pasture production in the south-west of Western Australia were assessed through survey data comprising biophysical measurements and farm management records (2010–15) across 184 fields spanning 14 Mha. Key findings were that nitrogen (N) inputs via fertiliser or biological N2 fixation in 60% of fields, and potassium (K) inputs in 90% of fields, were inadequate to balance exports despite increases in fertiliser usage and ad
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25

Rosman, Puteri Shazlia. "Prediction of low flow at ungauged sites." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v5i2.1372.

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Low flow prediction at the ungauged site area is important for planning the development water resources management especially that related to power supply or navigation, reservoir design, irrigation, drinking water supply and aquaculture farming. However, the sequent data collection must be collected to able to see the pattern of low flow in future. The purpose of the study to determine low flow at various locations within the tributaries of Sg. Sawak and Sg. Rompin catchment area. Low flow was estimated using 7Q10 equation (estimate the lowest 7 day average flow that occurred on average once
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Surapaneni, Aravind. "Preface: Sodicity issues in agricultural industries." Soil Research 39, no. 6 (2001): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srv39n6_pr.

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Australia is recognised as containing the world�s largest area of sodic soils, with approximately 33% of the continent being affected. The first National Conference and Workshop on Sodic Soils in Australia was held in Adelaide (9�13 November 1992), to bring together information and experience on sodic soils available at that time. The papers from that conference were published as a special issue of the Australian Journal of Soil Research (Volume 31, 1993). The 1992 conference covered a wide range of topics, including distribution, classification, mineralogy, fertility, environmental consequenc
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Hein, Yarzar, Kampanat Vijitsrikamol, Witsanu Attavanich, and Penporn Janekarnkij. "Economic Assessment of Climate Adaptation Options in Myanmar Rice-Based Farming System." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p35.

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Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate change and understandings how the adaptation options improve the farming household’s adaptive capacity are critical to the agricultural policies. The study was carried out for the economic assessment of climate adaption options in rice-based farming system of Myanmar. The propensity score matching approach was applied to explore the existing adaptation options and its contribution on the farm income. In addition, the binary probit model was used to analyse the factors influencing those adaptation decisions. The erratic rainfall, especially d
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Cochrane, HR, G. Scholz, and AME Vanvreswyk. "Sodic soils in Western Australia." Soil Research 32, no. 3 (1994): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940359.

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Sodic soils are common throughout Western Australia, particularly in the south-west agricultural area where they occur mainly as duplex or gradational profiles. Soils with sodic properties are dominant in 26% of the state; saline-sodic sediments and soils in intermittent streams, lakes and estuarine plains occupy a further 5%. Sodic soils are moderately common throughout the south and western portion of the rangeland areas (38% of the state). The south-west coastal sands and the desert and rangeland soils to the north and east of the state are rarely sodic. Although sodicity has been recognize
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Roth, Guy, Graham Harris, Malcolm Gillies, Janelle Montgomery, and David Wigginton. "Water-use efficiency and productivity trends in Australian irrigated cotton: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 12 (2013): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13315.

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The aim of this review is to report changes in irrigated cotton water use from research projects and on-farm practice-change programs in Australia, in relation to both plant-based and irrigation engineering disciplines. At least 80% of the Australian cotton-growing area is irrigated using gravity surface-irrigation systems. This review found that, over 23 years, cotton crops utilise 6–7 ML/ha of irrigation water, depending on the amount of seasonal rain received. The seasonal evapotranspiration of surface-irrigated crops averaged 729 mm over this period. Over the past decade, water-use product
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Oyebola, Oyediran O., Jackson Efitre, Laban Musinguzi, and Augustine E. Falaye. "Potential adaptation strategies for climate change impact among flood-prone fish farmers in climate hotspot Uganda." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 9 (February 9, 2021): 12761–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01183-1.

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AbstractClimate-induced floods are increasing in Africa. The need to evolve framework for adaptation to climate change impact (CCI) among flood-prone fish farmers necessitated this study. Based on availability, 60 farming active flood-experienced fish farmers were purposively selected from flood-prone (Gulu and Kibuku) regions in climate hotspot Uganda. These were assessed for CCI adaptation tendencies in their socioeconomics and farming operation/techniques (FOI) indices, CCI awareness, CCI adaptation strategies, and perceived required interventions (RIs) using structured questionnaire. Data
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Hackney, B. F., J. Jenkins, J. Powells, C. E. Edwards, S. De Meyer, J. G. Howieson, R. J. Yates, and S. E. Orgill. "Soil acidity and nutrient deficiency cause poor legume nodulation in the permanent pasture and mixed farming zones of south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19039.

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Pasture legumes must be adequately and effectively nodulated in order to reach nitrogen-fixation targets. Of 225 pasture paddocks sampled across the Central Tablelands, Central West, Monaro and Riverina regions of New South Wales, 93% had inadequate legume nodulation. Legume content was significantly higher in the mixed faming zone (>50%, Central West and Riverina) than the permanent pasture zone (26%, Central Tablelands; 28% Monaro). Available phosphorus (P) was below critical levels in 40% of paddocks sampled and sulfur (S) in 73% of paddocks; >35% of all paddocks had soil pHCa
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Elder, R. J., W. N. B. Macleod, K. L. Bell, J. A. Tyas, and R. L. Gillespie. "Growth, yield and phenology of 2 hybrid papayas (Carica papaya L.) as influenced by method of water application." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98140.

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Highly variable, outcrossed papaya lines irrigated with overhead sprinklers were grown at Yarwun (151.3˚E, 23.75˚S) in Queensland, Australia. The inherent variability made scientifically based comparative studies impractical. The advent of uniform hybrid papaya lines allowed the testing of 2 of these hybrids under 3 irrigation methods, 2 of which had the potential to greatly reduce water use compared with overhead sprinklers. Yields of 92 t/ha.year were achieved by both papaya Hybrids 29 and 1E. Water application method did not influence yield. About 26% of plants were lost due to the phytopla
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33

Jayawardane, NS, and KY Chan. "The management of soil physical properties limiting crop production in Australian sodic soils - a review." Soil Research 32, no. 1 (1994): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940013.

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Sodic soils occur extensively on the agricultural lands of Australia. The poor crop productivity of sodic soils is often associated with their low infiltration rates and restricted drainage. This is caused by low macroporosity and macropore instability, due to the presence of sodium on the clay surfaces. To achieve long-term improvements, tillage techniques to increase macroporosity have to be combined with chemical and biological techniques to improve macropore stability. Macropore stability is improved by addition of chemical ameliorants and organic matter. Maintenance of macroporosity also
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Khozhanov, Nietbai Nurzhanovich, and Yuri Germanovich Bezborodov. "Optimization of the irrigation rate of agricultural crops based on the use of energy resources." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i11pp108-112.

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The results of methodological studies on the calculation of the total water consumption and irrigation rate of agricultural crops, based on the analysis of the use of energy resources, the radiation balance of the arid zone of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. It is proposed to determine the actual total water consumption and the size of the irrigation norm of agricultural crops through the radiation coefficient of the area (KRd), which is determined by the functional dependence with the total lack of air humidity for the growing season (?d) and the radiation indicator of a specific ar
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McINTYRE, S., H. M. McGINNESS, D. GAYDON, and A. D. ARTHUR. "Introducing irrigation efficiencies: prospects for flood-dependent biodiversity in a rice agro-ecosystem." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 3 (May 25, 2011): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000130.

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SUMMARYWorldwide, irrigation development has affected pre-existing natural habitats and created novel aquatic habitats, and future changes in management will continue to influence flood-dependent vegetation and fauna. Irrigated agriculture has had a profound influence on native biodiversity in the Riverina region of temperate Australia. Current irrigation practices provide large amounts of water to the landscape in the form of constructed wetland habitats: irrigation channels, impoundments and flooded crop-growing areas. Flooded rice bays support many species of native wetland plants, and 12 o
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36

Bell, Thomas, Michael O'Connor, V. K. Jones, Andrew Rekow, Gabriel Elkaim, and Bradford Parkinson. "Realistic Autofarming Closed-Loop Tractor Control over Irregular Paths Using Kinematic GPS." Journal of Navigation 51, no. 3 (September 1998): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398007917.

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High-precision ‘autofarming’ makes possible farming techniques previously impractical using metre-level Differential GPS-based control systems: techniques such as tape irrigation, the elimination of guess rows, and precise contour farming. A Carrier-Phase Differential gps positioning and attitude system with centimetre-level and 0·1° accuracy was installed in a large farm tractor. Four types of trajectories (lines, arcs, spirals, and curves) were identified as basic building blocks necessary to generate a ‘global’ trajectory for a realistic autofarming path. Information about each trajectory t
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37

Kerich, Emmy C. "Households Drinking Water Sources and Treatment Methods Options in a Regional Irrigation Scheme." Journal of Human, Earth, and Future 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hef-2020-01-01-02.

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Access to safe and clean drinking water is a major challenge to the people living around Ahero Irrigation Scheme (AIS). Water sources in the area are constantly and increasingly polluted by agrochemical like pesticides from rice farming. 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an herbicide extensively used in AIS. The neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic and hepatoxic effects of (2,4-D) have been well documented. Residues of (2,4-D) have been documented in ponds, rivers, lakes and irrigation canals. Therefore this study surveyed agrochemicals used in AIS, the drinking water source for t
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Chapman, AL, and KM Cellier. "Residual values of zinc sulfate and acidifying (elemental) sulfur for rice on the alkaline Cununurra soils of the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 5 (1986): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860591.

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The residual values of zinc sulfate and acidifying (elemental) sulfur (S) for rice on Cununurra clay were investigated at Kimberley Research Station, near Kununurra in the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia. Successive crops were grown on 2 sites showing different degrees of zinc (Zn) deficiency according to visual symptoms. Despite the marked response to Zn fertiliser shown by the first crop of IR665-24-1 rice on the more deficient site (previously fallow for 12 months) there was no significant yield response to applied Zn in the third crop. On the less Zn deficient site (previously under
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39

Antille, Diogenes L., John McL Bennett, and Troy A. Jensen. "Soil compaction and controlled traffic considerations in Australian cotton-farming systems." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15097.

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A literature review was conducted to collate best practice techniques for soil compaction management within cotton-farming systems in Australia. Universally negative effects of traffic-induced soil compaction on the whole-farm system and the wider environment include: (i) increased gap between attainable and potential yields, (ii) increased costs of energy and labour, (iii) reduced fertiliser-use efficiency, (iv) reduced water use efficiency (irrigation and rainfall), (v) increased tillage intensity. Knowledge gaps that merit research priority, and research strategies, are suggested. These inc
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Brier, H. B., D. A. H. Murray, L. J. Wilson, A. H. Nicholas, M. M. Miles, P. R. Grundy, and A. J. McLennan. "An overview of integrated pest management (IPM) in north-eastern Australian grain farming systems: past, present and future prospects." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 12 (2008): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08166.

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The authors overview integrated pest management (IPM) in grain crops in north-eastern Australia, which is defined as the area north of latitude 32°S. Major grain crops in this region include the coarse grains (winter and summer cereals), oilseeds and pulses. IPM in these systems is complicated by the diversity of crops, pests, market requirements and cropping environments. In general, the pulse crops are at greatest risk, followed by oilseeds and then by cereal grains. Insecticides remain a key grain pest management tool in north-eastern Australia. IPM in grain crops has benefited considerably
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41

Cayenne, Aadila, Ariel E. Turcios, Mette Hedegaard Thomsen, Rui Miranda Rocha, Jutta Papenbrock, and Hinrich Uellendahl. "Halophytes as Feedstock for Biogas Production: Composition Analysis and Biomethane Potential of Salicornia spp. Plant Material from Hydroponic and Seawater Irrigation Systems." Fermentation 8, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8040189.

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The halophyte plant species Salicornia europaea and Salicornia ramosissima were investigated for their potential to serve as a substrate for biogas production. Salicornia europaea was cultivated in hydroponic systems under varying salt concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/L NaCl), while S. ramosissima was grown in greenhouse farming with aquaculture effluent irrigation. The biomethane potential of the two halophyte feedstocks was determined through batch experiments, and correlations to the plant biochemical composition were investigated. Ash and mineral content of S. europaea was correlated to
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42

Brockwell, J. "Sinorhizobium meliloti in Australian soils: population studies of the root-nodule bacteria for species of Medicago in soils of the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 6 (2001): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00194.

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Populations of Sinorhizobium meliloti(formerly Rhizobium meliloti — the root-nodule bacteria for Medicago) from soils at 32 sites on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, were enumerated and evaluated for nitrogen-fixing effectiveness in association with Medicago laciniata, M. littoralis, M. polymorpha, M. rugosa, M. tornata and M. truncatula. These symbiotic values were related to physical features of the environment, viz. soil type, soil reaction, mean annual rainfall, and the presence or absence and frequency of occurrence of sown and naturalised annual species of Medicago (medics). Large po
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43

Casey, Jordan M., Tracy D. Ainsworth, J. Howard Choat, and Sean R. Connolly. "Farming behaviour of reef fishes increases the prevalence of coral disease associated microbes and black band disease." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1788 (August 7, 2014): 20141032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1032.

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Microbial community structure on coral reefs is strongly influenced by coral–algae interactions; however, the extent to which this influence is mediated by fishes is unknown. By excluding fleshy macroalgae, cultivating palatable filamentous algae and engaging in frequent aggression to protect resources, territorial damselfish (f. Pomacentridae), such as Stegastes , mediate macro-benthic dynamics on coral reefs and may significantly influence microbial communities. To elucidate how Stegastes apicalis and Stegastes nigricans may alter benthic microbial assemblages and coral health, we determined
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44

Evans, Jeffrey, and Jason Condon. "New fertiliser options for managing phosphorus for organic and low-input farming systems." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 2 (2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp07153.

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Plant-available phosphorus (P) has been found to be limiting crop and pasture production in Australian dryland, broadacre, organic farming systems. The present review examines the mechanisms that act to provide organic sources of P to soil or mobilise P stored within the soil. A range of products is available to exploit one or more of these mechanisms to achieve a claimed improvement in P fertility. These products are described, and where possible, scientific research of their effectiveness is reviewed. The use of microbial inoculants, although successful in laboratory and glasshouse experimen
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45

Gibberd, Mark R., Allan G. McKay, Tim C. Calder, and Neil C. Turner. "Limitations to carrot (Daucus carota L.) productivity when grown with reduced rates of frequent irrigation on a free-draining, sandy soil." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 5 (2003): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02127.

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To determine the influence of reduced irrigation input, carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Ivor) plants were grown on a coarse-textured, sandy soil during summer near Perth, Western Australia. Irrigation was applied daily with sprinklers at 5 rates ranging from 47 to 151% replacement of daily pan evaporation (Ep). A reduction in irrigation from the industry standard of 151% Ep to 124 or 97% Ep resulted in a 17% increase in water use efficiency (WUE) when calculated as total root yield/water applied. However, the percentage of total roots that were marketable declined with reduction in irrigation, be
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46

Liu, Dejiang, Yan Gong, Xuejun Zhang, Xiao Chen, Guo Wang, and Xiao Zhang. "Design and Experiment of Dry-Farming Cantaloupe Transplanter under Water." Agriculture 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060796.

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To solve the problems of high temperature and drought in the Xinjiang Turpan area and the low survival rate of melon seedlings transplanted into dry soil, existing transplanters for large plant type young melon seedlings can be mechanized. For non-destructive planting for small plant types, such as Hami melon seedlings, there are still poor transplanting effects, planting point precise pile-soil, and other problems. In this study, a water transplanter for laying pipe and film for Hami melons was designed to mechanize the operation of rotating tillage, laying film and covering soil, transplanti
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47

Manca, Fabio, Carla Wegscheidl, Rhianna Robinson, Suzette Argent, Christopher Algar, Daniele De Rosa, Matthew Griffiths, et al. "Nitrate Removal Performance of Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors in Tropical Climates." Water 13, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243608.

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In Australia, declining water quality in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a threat to its marine ecosystems and nitrate (NO3−) from sugar cane-dominated agricultural areas in the coastal catchments of North Queensland is a key pollutant of concern. Woodchip bioreactors have been identified as a potential low-cost remediation technology to reduce the NO3− runoff from sugar cane farms. This study aimed to trial different designs of bioreactors (denitrification walls and beds) to quantify their NO3− removal performance in the distinct tropical climates and hydrological regimes that characterize su
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48

Cocks, P. S. "Land-use change is the key to protecting biodiversity in salinising landscapes." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 6 (2003): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03004.

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This paper argues that the loss of biodiversity in salinising landscapes will be reversed only by addressing the source of the problem: farming systems that leak into the water table. Existing farming systems based on annual crops and pastures will need to be replaced by farming systems that have a significant element of perenniality. The literature suggests that 50–80% of the agricultural landscape needs to include perennial plants.The options are perennial pasture plants or trees, the latter for bioenergy, wood products and fuel. Because of the complexities of introducing new industries, the
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49

Fleming, N. K., and J. W. Cox. "Chemical losses off dairy catchments located on a texture-contrast soil: carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and other chemicals." Soil Research 36, no. 6 (1998): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98013.

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Runoff (overland flow and A/B horizon interflow) from 2 grazed dairy pastures at Flaxley, South Australia, accounted for <15% of April{October rainfall in 1996; 88{96% of runoff was overland flow. A range of chemicals, including carbon (C), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), was measured in runoff As much as 2·3 kg P/ha, 10·7 kg/ha of total dissolved C, and 1·8 kg S/ha was lost from the catchments in that year. Loads of other chemicals ranged from 0·6 g/ha (boron) to 39·8 kg/ha (aluminium). Over 92% of P, 76% of total dissolved C, and 93% of S was lost in overland flow. Between 50% and 60% of
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50

Becagli, Michelangelo, Iduna Arduini, Valentina Cantini, and Roberto Cardelli. "Soil and Foliar Applications of Wood Distillate Differently Affect Soil Properties and Field Bean Traits in Preliminary Field Tests." Plants 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010121.

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Natural products such as wood distillate (WD) are promising alternatives to xenobiotic products in conventional agriculture and are necessary in organic farming. A field study gave insight into the effectiveness of WD applied as foliar spray (F-WD), soil irrigation (S-WD), and their combination as growth promoters for field beans. The soil fertility and quality parameters, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and resource partitioning within plants were evaluated. In a pot trial, we tested the effect of S-WD on root nodule initiation and growth. S-WD increased DOC and microbial biomass by approximat
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