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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Large intestine microbiota"
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Shang, Yongquan, Huaming Zhong, Gang Liu, Xibao Wang, Xiaoyang Wu, Qinguo Wei, Lupeng Shi i Honghai Zhang. "Characteristics of Microbiota in Different Segments of the Digestive Tract of Lycodon rufozonatus". Animals 13, nr 4 (17.02.2023): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040731.
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The gastrointestinal tract of animals contains microbiota, forming a complex microecosystem. Gut microbes and their metabolites can regulate the development of host innate and adaptive immune systems. Animal immune systems maintain intestinal symbiotic microbiota homeostasis. However, relatively few studies have been published on reptiles, particularly snakes, and even fewer studies on different parts of the digestive tracts of these animals. Herein, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial community composition and adaptability in the stomach and small and large intestines of Lycodon rufozonatus. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were most abundant in the stomach; Fusobacteria in the small intestine; and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes in the large intestine. No dominant genus could be identified in the stomach; however, dominant genera were evident in the small and large intestines. The microbial diversity index was significantly higher in the stomach than in the small and large intestines. Moreover, the influence of the microbial community structure on function was clarified through function prediction. Collectively, the gut microbes in the different segments of the digestive tract revealed the unique features of the L. rufozonatus gut microbiome. Our results provide insights into the co-evolutionary relationship between reptile gut microbiota and their hosts.
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Pohl, Judith-Mira, Sebastian Gutweiler, Stephanie Thiebes, Julia K. Volke, Ludger Klein-Hitpass, Denise Zwanziger, Matthias Gunzer i in. "Irf4-dependent CD103+CD11b+dendritic cells and the intestinal microbiome regulate monocyte and macrophage activation and intestinal peristalsis in postoperative ileus". Gut 66, nr 12 (14.06.2017): 2110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313856.
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ObjectivePostoperative ileus (POI), the most frequent complication after intestinal surgery, depends on dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Here, we have investigated the mechanism that activates these cells and the contribution of the intestinal microbiota for POI induction.DesignPOI was induced by manipulating the intestine of mice, which selectively lack DCs, monocytes or macrophages. The disease severity in the small and large intestine was analysed by determining the distribution of orally applied fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and by measuring the excretion time of a retrogradely inserted glass ball. The impact of the microbiota on intestinal peristalsis was evaluated after oral antibiotic treatment.ResultsWe found thatCd11c-Cre+Irf4flox/floxmice lack CD103+CD11b+DCs, a DC subset unique to the intestine whose function is poorly understood. Their absence in the intestinal muscularis reduced pathogenic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production by monocytes and macrophages and ameliorated POI. Pathogenic iNOS was produced in the jejunum by resident Ly6C–macrophages and infiltrating chemokine receptor 2-dependent Ly6C+monocytes, but in the colon only by the latter demonstrating differential tolerance mechanisms along the intestinal tract. Consistently, depletion of both cell subsets reduced small intestinal POI, whereas the depletion of Ly6C+monocytes alone was sufficient to prevent large intestinal POI. The differential role of monocytes and macrophages in small and large intestinal POI suggested a potential role of the intestinal microbiota. Indeed, antibiotic treatment reduced iNOS levels and ameliorated POI.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that CD103+CD11b+DCs and the intestinal microbiome are a prerequisite for the activation of intestinal monocytes and macrophages and for dysregulating intestinal motility in POI.
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Yamamoto, Yuri, Yumiko Nakanishi, Shinnosuke Murakami, Wanping Aw, Tomoya Tsukimi, Ryoko Nozu, Masami Ueno i in. "A Metabolomic-Based Evaluation of the Role of Commensal Microbiota throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract in Mice". Microorganisms 6, nr 4 (29.09.2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040101.
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Commensal microbiota colonize the surface of our bodies. The inside of the gastrointestinal tract is one such surface that provides a habitat for them. The gastrointestinal tract is a long organ system comprising of various parts, and each part possesses various functions. It has been reported that the composition of intestinal luminal metabolites between the small and large intestine are different; however, comprehensive metabolomic and commensal microbiota profiles specific to each part of the gastrointestinal lumen remain obscure. In this study, by using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS)-based metabolome and 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome analyses of specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) murine gastrointestinal luminal profiles, we observed the different roles of commensal microbiota in each part of the gastrointestinal tract involved in carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient production. We found that the concentrations of most amino acids in the SPF small intestine were higher than those in the GF small intestine. Furthermore, sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol accumulated only in the GF large intestine, but not in the SPF large intestine. On the other hand, pentoses, such as arabinose and xylose, gradually accumulated from the cecum to the colon only in SPF mice, but were undetected in GF mice. Correlation network analysis between the gastrointestinal microbes and metabolites showed that niacin metabolism might be correlated to Methylobacteriaceae. Collectively, commensal microbiota partially affects the gastrointestinal luminal metabolite composition based on their metabolic dynamics, in cooperation with host digestion and absorption.
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Malygina, Olga G., Anna A. Usynina i Anna A. Makarova. "Association between Intestinal Microbiota in Infants and their Neurodevelopment: Systematic Literature Review on Scoping Review Methodology". Current Pediatrics 23, nr 1 (25.02.2024): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v23i1.2706.
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Background. The long-term effects of large intestine microbiota or its disorders on human health remain largely unexplored. Particularly the issue of an association between the intestinal microbiota in newborns and infants with their further neurodevelopment remains unclear. Objective. The aim of the study is to systematically summarize studies' results on the association of large intestine microbiota (its normal composition and in case of any disorders) in newborns and infants and their neurodevelopment until the age of 1 year. Methods. The search of publications was performed in the following databases: Medline, Web of Science (WoS), Scientific electronic library (eLIBRARY.RU), and CyberLeninka. The publication period was dated from January 2001 to May 2022 (until December 2021 for WoS). The review included studies that examined the an association of large intestine microbiota in newborns and infants with their neurodevelopment until the age of 1 year, the presence of nervous system pathology, behavioral and/or emotional disorders. Languages of analyzed publications were Russian and English. Results. The review includes data from 9 studies. Data on the association of the intestine microbiota (its composition and/or the number of microorganisms) with neurodevelopment at the early age is summarized. Conclusion. Large intestine microbiota of infants is regarded as new non-invasive biomarker of their neurodevelopment. Differences in the design of published original studies included in the systematic literature review do not allow us to assess the role of individual microbiota components in infant’s neurodevelopment.
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Zhi, Wenbo, Kai Tang, Jinsong Yang, Tianshu Yang, Rong Chen, Jiaming Huang, Haisheng Tan, Jianguo Zhao i Zhanwu Sheng. "Research on the Gut Microbiota of Hainan Black Goat". Animals 12, nr 22 (13.11.2022): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223129.
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The intestine of animals is a complex micro-ecosystem containing a large number of microbiomes, which is essential for the host’s health development. The Hainan black goat with good resistance and adaptability is a unique species in Hainan, China. These unique physiological characteristics are inseparable from their intestinal microbiota. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate bacterial communities in different segments of the intestinal tract of Hainan black goat. The results showed that the indices of Chao1 and ACE in the cecum and colon were significantly greater than those in the ileum (p = 0.007, 0.018). According to PCoA, the intestinal flora composition of the cecum and colon is almost equivalent. In contexts of the phylum, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Pseudomonadota were the dominant phyla in the gut of the Hainan black goat. While in context of the genus, the dominant groups in the gut of black goats mainly include Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Bacteroides, Paeniclostridium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes _group, Prevotella_1, they have different proportions in different intestinal segments. The gut microbiota of Hainan black goat is mainly Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Pseudomonadota. Influenced by the intestinal location where they colonize, the large intestine has a more complex intestinal flora than the small intestine. In contrast, there are only minor differences between the caecum and the colon in the large intestine.
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Gardiner, Gillian E., Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli i Peadar G. Lawlor. "Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Growth and Feed Efficiency in Pigs: A Review". Microorganisms 8, nr 12 (28.11.2020): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121886.
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This review summarises the evidence for a link between the porcine intestinal microbiota and growth and feed efficiency (FE), and suggests microbiota-targeted strategies to improve productivity. However, there are challenges in identifying reliable microbial predictors of host phenotype; environmental factors impact the microbe–host interplay, sequential differences along the intestine result in segment-specific FE- and growth-associated taxa/functionality, and it is often difficult to distinguish cause and effect. However, bacterial taxa involved in nutrient processing and energy harvest, and those with anti-inflammatory effects, are consistently linked with improved productivity. In particular, evidence is emerging for an association of Treponema and methanogens such as Methanobrevibacter in the small and large intestines and Lactobacillus in the large intestine with a leaner phenotype and/or improved FE. Bacterial carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism pathways are also generally enriched in the large intestine of leaner pigs and/or those with better growth/FE. Possible microbial signalling routes linked to superior growth and FE include increased intestinal propionate production and reduced inflammatory response. In summary, the bacterial taxa and/or metabolic pathways identified here could be used as biomarkers for FE/growth in pigs, the taxa exploited as probiotics or the taxa/functionality manipulated via dietary/breeding strategies in order to improve productivity in pigs.
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Wang, Kai, Hailiang Zhang, Lirong Hu, Guoxing Zhang, Haibo Lu, Hanpeng Luo, Shanjiang Zhao, Huabin Zhu i Yachun Wang. "Characterization of the Microbial Communities along the Gastrointestinal Tract in Crossbred Cattle". Animals 12, nr 7 (24.03.2022): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070825.
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The gastrointestinal microbiota greatly affects the health status and production performance of bovines. Presently, many studies have used high-throughput sequencing methods to investigate the gastrointestinal microbiome in bovines. However, the microbiome profile of crossbred cattle across the whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has not been thoroughly reported. In this study, the digesta at ten regions (including the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum) of the GIT were collected in three Simmental × Holstein crossbred heifers aged 17 months, and microbial DNA was extracted and amplified for sequencing of the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional orthologs of the microbiota genome were predicted and analyzed. We found that samples were categorized into three groups (the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine) by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity in both the bacterial composition and functional profile. Samples from small intestine had the lowest alpha diversity of bacteria composition and highest alpha diversity of the functional composition. Three groups of GIT regions were characterized by several microbiome features. The stomach was characterized by Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres at the phylum level, and KEGG pathways related to the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism were enriched in the stomach. The small intestine was characterized by Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria at the phylum level, and KEGG pathways related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were enriched in the small intestine. The large intestine featured Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Bacteroidacea at the family level, and KEGG pathways, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were enriched in the large intestine. The results of the current study revealed the spatial heterogeneity of microbiota across the GIT in Simmental × Holstein crossbreeds and identified microbial biomarkers of different regions. The results can provide useful information for the study of the gastrointestinal microbiome in bovines.
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Singhal, Rashi, i Yatrik M. Shah. "Oxygen battle in the gut: Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in metabolic and inflammatory responses in the intestine". Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, nr 30 (5.06.2020): 10493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev120.011188.
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The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome (microbiota). The microbiome–intestine cross-talk includes a dynamic exchange of gaseous signaling mediators generated by bacterial and intestinal metabolisms. Moreover, the microbiome initiates and maintains the hypoxic environment of the intestine that is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and adaptive immune responses in the mucosal cells of the intestine. The response to hypoxia is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). In hypoxic conditions, the HIF activation regulates the expression of a cohort of genes that promote adaptation to hypoxia. Physiologically, HIF-dependent genes contribute to the aforementioned maintenance of epithelial barrier function, nutrient absorption, and immune regulation. However, chronic HIF activation exacerbates disease conditions, leading to intestinal injury, inflammation, and colorectal cancer. In this review, we aim to outline the major roles of physiological and pathological hypoxic conditions in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and in the onset and progression of disease with a major focus on understanding the complex pathophysiology of the intestine
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Li, Songze, Ruina Mu, Yunxi Zhang, Shaoying Wang, André-Denis G. Wright, Huazhe Si i Zhipeng Li. "Dynamics of Intestinal Mucosa Microbiota in Juvenile Sika Deer During Early Growth". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, nr 3 (22.01.2025): 892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26030892.
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The establishment of gut microbiota in young ruminants has a profound impact on their productive performance in adulthood. The microbial communities of ruminants differ significantly across the different regions of the digestive tract, as well as between the mucosa and lumen. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the microbiota of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (cecum and colon) of sika deer on day 1 (birth), day 42 (transition period) and day 70 (rumination period) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the microbial diversity of the mucosa in the jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon of sika deer was higher on day 70 than on day 1, and the diversity of the cecal mucosa was significantly higher than that in the small intestine. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the microbial community structures of the small and large intestinal mucosa were significantly different, and the microbial community structure of sika deer on day 1 was significantly different from that on days 42 and 70. The relative abundances of Methylobacterium–Methylorubrum, Pelagibacterium, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus were higher in the small intestinal mucosa, while Alistipes, Prevotellaceae UCG-004, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Lachnospiraceae unclassified were higher in the large intestinal mucosa. We also observed increased levels of specific microbiota in the small intestinal (Turicibacter and Cellulosilyticum) and large intestinal mucosa (Treponema, Romboutsia, Oscillospirales UCG-005 and Peptostreptococcaceae unclassified) with animal growth. A comparison of the predicted function showed that the microbiota of the small intestinal mucosa was enriched for replication and repair, while carbohydrate metabolism was enriched in the microbiota of the large intestinal mucosa. In addition, the relative abundances of amino acid and energy metabolism were significantly higher on days 42 and 70 than on day 1. Our results revealed that the microbial community composition and the dynamics of the intestinal mucosa from birth to rumination in juvenile sika deer, which may provide insights into similar processes in other juvenile ruminants.
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Wang, Jie, Siqi Xia, Huimei Fan, Jiahao Shao, Tao Tang, Li Yang, Wenqiang Sun, Xianbo Jia, Shiyi Chen i Songjia Lai. "Microbiomics Revealed the Disturbance of Intestinal Balance in Rabbits with Diarrhea Caused by Stopping the Use of an Antibiotic Diet". Microorganisms 10, nr 5 (20.04.2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050841.
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The harmful effects of diarrhea on the growth performance of rabbits have been well documented, but the details of the potential mechanism of intestinal diarrhea when antibiotics are stopped are still unclear. Here, PacBio sequencing technology was used to sequence the full length 16S rRNA gene of the microbiota of intestinal content samples, in order to characterize the bacterial communities in the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) and large intestine (colon and cecum) in normal Hyplus rabbits and those with diarrhea. The histopathological examination showed that intestinal necrosis occurred in different degrees in the diarrhea group, and that the mucosal epithelium was shed and necrotic, forming erosion, and the clinical manifestation was necrosis. However, the intestinal tissue structure of the normal group was normal. The results revealed that there were significant differences in bacterial communities and structure between the diarrhea and normal groups of four intestinal segments (p < 0.05). In general, 16 bacterial phyla, 144 bacterial genera and 22 metabolic pathways were identified in the two groups. Tax4Fun functional prediction analysis showed that KEGG related to amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism was enriched in the large intestines of rabbits with diarrhea, whereas lipid metabolism was more abundant in the small intestine of rabbits with diarrhea. In conclusion, the change in the relative abundance of the identified dominant microbiota, which could deplete key anti-inflammatory metabolites and lead to bacterial imbalance and diarrhea, resulted in diarrhea in Hyplus rabbits that stopped using antibiotics.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Large intestine microbiota"
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Baraille, Marylou. "Changes in the large intestinal microbial ecosystem, epithelial integrity and inflammation in horses with age : how to promote healthy ageing through diet ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK091.
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Les chevaux vivent plus longtemps qu’avant. Le vieillissement entraîne des changements dans l’organisme pouvant causer des pathologies. L’alimentation est un levier majeur pour favoriser un vieillissement en bonne santé. Pour proposer des recommandations nutritionnelles promouvant le vieillissement sain, il était important d’étudier les changements de l’écosystème microbien du gros intestin avec l’âge et leurs impacts sur l’épithélium du gros intestin et l’inflammation. Nos résultats ont montré que les communautés bactériennes des chevaux âgés étaient réarrangées par rapport à celles des chevaux adultes, mais toujours riches et diversifiées lorsqu’ils étaient en bonne santé. Cela leur permettait d’être résilients face à des stress raisonnables, comme l’administration d’un anthelmintique. De plus, leurs capacités à dégrader les fibres pariétales et à absorber les nutriments étaient respectivement augmentées et similaires à celles des chevaux adultes sains. Cela pourrait contribuer au maintien de leur santé au cours du vieillissement. Malgré un écosystème microbien efficace, ils présentaient une perméabilité épithéliale accrue et une inflammation plus élevée que les chevaux adultes sains. D’une part, ces résultats ont suggéré que les relations entre les trois piliers du triptyque - communautés bactériennes, épithélium intestinal et inflammation - étaient complexes et probablement bidirectionnelles. D’autre part, l’équilibre du triptyque apparaissait plus fragile chez les chevaux âgés, même sains, que chez les chevaux adultes sains. La distribution d’un régime préservant l’équilibre du triptyque est essentielle tout au long de la vie d’un cheval pour favoriser son vieillissement en bonne santé. Néanmoins, nos résultats ont montré que les changements d’écosystème microbien pouvant déséquilibrer le triptyque et conduire au développement de pathologies avaient de grandes chances de survenir entre 16 et 20 ans. Cibler cette tranche d’âge offre donc la possibilité, même aux propriétaires qui acquièrent un cheval ayant un âge avancé, de trouver d’éventuels déséquilibres et d’agir en conséquence pour orienter la trajectoire vers un vieillissement sain, par exemple grâce à l’apport de fibres hautement digestiblesHorses are living longer than ever. Ageing brings with it changes in the body that can lead to pathologies. Nutrition is a major lever promoting healthy ageing. In order to propose nutritional recommendations to promote healthy ageing, it was important to study the changes in the microbial ecosystem of the large intestine with age and its effect on the large intestine epithelium and inflammation. Our results showed that elderly horses had bacterial communities that were rearranged compared to those of adult horses, but still rich and diverse when they were healthy. This allowed them to be resilient in the face of reasonable stress, such as the administration of an anthelmintic. In addition, their abilities to degrade parietal fibres and absorb nutrients were respectively increased and similar to that of healthy adult horses. This could help to maintain their health during ageing. Despite having an efficient microbial ecosystem, they showed increased epithelial permeability and inflammation compared to healthy adult horses. Firstly, these results suggested that the relationships between the three pillars of the triptych - bacterial communities, intestinal epithelium and inflammation - were complex and probably bidirectional. Secondly, the balance of the triptych appeared to be more fragile in elderly horses, even healthy ones, than in healthy adult horses. Providing a diet that maintains the balance of the triptych throughout a horse's life is essential to promote healthy ageing. Nevertheless, our results showed that the changes in the microbial ecosystem that can unbalance the triptych and lead to the development of pathologies were most likely to occur between the ages of 16 and 20. Targeting this age group therefore provides an opportunity, even for owners who acquire a horse at an advanced age, to identify any imbalances and act accordingly to steer the trajectory towards healthy ageing, for example by providing highly digestible fibre
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Ze, Xiaolei. "Degradation and utilization of resistant starch by microbiota in the human large intestine". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201744.
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Resistant starch (RS) is the major energy source for microbial growth in the human large intestine and the fermentation of RS in the gut has a potential role in maintaining host health. Molecular profiling of the complex microbial communities in the human gut has revealed a remarkable inter-individual variation of their composition, which could be linked to variations in substrate fermentation in different individuals. In this project, significant inter-individual variation was seen in the composition of the human gut microbial communities and in the response to changes in dietary intake, using a range of qPCR primer sets. The range of qPCR primer sets was expanded in this study, for the assessment of an uncultured bacterial group related to Oscillibacter and Oscillospira spp. This group of bacteria showed a significant increase in obese subjects on a high RS diet and weight loss diet in samples from a previous human dietary intervention study. The group showing the greatest stimulation by RS, however, was related to Ruminococcus bromii. Furthermore, two out of 14 volunteers who showed very low R. bromii numbers also showed incomplete RS3 fermentation in the study of Walker et al. 2011. It was therefore decided to investigate the activity of human colonic bacteria against RS in vitro. Anaerobic pure cultures and defined co-incubations were performed to compare the abilities to degrade RS by four of the most abundant amylolytic species present in the human colon, which were Ruminococcus bromii, Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The four species showed the highest utilization of RS2 and RS3 (47-77%) when the RS was autoclaved in the medium, however, the utilization by E. rectale and B. thetaiotaomicron was limited for boiled RS (7-40%) and for raw RS (0.25-18%). Pairwise co-incubation of the four species revealed that utilization of boiled RS2 and RS3 by the other three amylolytic species was significantly increased in the presence of R. bromii, even in a medium that does not permit growth of R. bromii itself. The growth of Anaerostipes hadrus, which is a nonstarch utilizer, was also promoted in a co-incubation with R. bromii. Assays of soluble reducing sugar revealed that the bacterial growth stimulated by R. bromii relies on utilization of breakdown products released from RS by R. bromii amylases. Moreover, addition of R. bromii, but not other three amylolytic species, restored RS3 fermentation in vitro by the faecal bacterial community from one of the volunteers who had previously XVIII shown low starch fermentability in vivo. These results therefore suggest that R. bromii is a „keystone‟ species for the degradation of RS in the human large intestine. Finally, the starch-degrading enzyme system of R. bromii was investigated. Genome mining revealed 15 GH13 (glycoside hydrolases family 13) amylases and 8 SBDs (starchbinding domains), as well as many structural modules of cohesins and dockerins that are known to be involved in protein-protein interactions in related Ruminococcus species. The major extracellular amylases active against RS were identified by zymogram analysis together with peptide sequencing of the excised active bands. The gene products responsible were then identified from draft genome sequence information and found to include three large proteins with dockerin modules, one of which also contained a cohesin. An additional gene product encoding a cohesin domain was identified from the genome sequence that was considered a candidate for cell-surface attachement. The two cohesin domains were therefore over-expressed in order to investigate protein-protein interactions. Western-blotting using the over-expressed cohesins as probes demonstrated cohesindockerin interactions between certain proteins. Possible models for the organization of a R. bromii multienzyme amylase system were then proposed based on these computerbased analysis and on the results generated from protein-protein interaction studies.
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Popovych, V. B., I. Y. Sydorchuk, G. M. Koval i N. D. Yakovychuk. "Microscopy characteristic of the large intestine microbiota in practically healthy people with bacteroid type". Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17002.
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Popovych, V. B. "Seasonal dynamics of biological rhythms of microbiota of the large intestine cavity content of intact white rats". Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18192.
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Carroll, Courtney. "The Relationship Between Microbiota, Diet, and Energy Production in the Alpaca". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6943.
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The alpaca is a small South American camelid (SAC) that is an important production animal in Peru, especially among the highly impoverished communities of the high Andes, and raised for its fiber and meat. Alpacas are highly reliant on the microbes within their digestive tracts to digest the plant material they consume; volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are released as a byproduct of this microbial fermentation and used as a major source of energy by the alpaca. To explore optimal parameters for alpaca microbiome analysis, performed 16S rRNA gene surveys on alpaca C1 and fecal samples that had been extracted using one of three different DNA extraction methods (PowerFecal® DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO); ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrep™ (Zymo); and a non-commercial extraction method called salting out) and amplified using one of two different polymerase enzyme mixes (AccuPrime™ Pfx SuperMix and 5 PRIME HotMasterMix). We found that choice of polymerase enzyme had a profound effect on the recovered microbiome, with the majority of 5 PRIME-amplified fecal samples failing to amplify. Extraction method had an effect on the recovered microbiome of fecal samples (but not C1 samples), with samples extracted using the MO BIO kit and the salting out method recovering different communities. The Zymo extraction kit returned microbial communities comparable to each of the other extraction methods. These results suggested that the AccuPrime enzyme and either the MO BIO or Zymo kits were optimal for alpaca gut microbiome analysis. We also performed two 16S rRNA gene surveys, the first from alpacas fed either a grass hay (GH) or alfalfa hay (AH) diet, and the second a C1 survey of alpacas fed two-week periods of mixed grass hay plus one of four supplements. We discovered body site and diet effects on the microbiota of alpacas fed either the GH or AH diet, with samples grouping by general body site (C1, small intestine, and distal intestine) and diet. However, we found no significant effect on the C1 microbiome of alpacas administered grain supplements. To study how energy extraction related to the microbiome, we correlated OTUs from GH/AH-fed alpaca with C1 VFA abundances. We discovered no significant correlations, and a 16S survey of low body condition (LBC) and good body condition (GBC) alpacas showed no difference in C1 microbial communities. We concluded that the microbiota of the alpaca digestive tract follow trends seen in microbiome studies of ruminants, but found no evidence of a relationship between body condition, energy extraction, and the C1 microbiome in alpacas.
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Popovych, V. B. "Taxonomy content and population level of residential microbiota of large intestine content in practically healthy people with lactobacterial type". Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/16985.
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Bassignani, Ariane. "Metaproteomics analysis to study functionalities of the gut microbiota in large cohorts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://theses.hal.science/tel-02871891.
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La métaprotéomique s’attache à identifier et quantifier les protéines d’échantillons biologiques complexes comme le microbiote intestinal humain. L’analyse de plusieurs centaines d’échantillons revêt un intérêt évident compte tenu de la reconnaissance croissante de cet écosystème en tant que partenaire santé. Cependant, les méthodes et protocoles utilisés jusqu’à ce jour en métaprotéomique ne sont pas adaptés à des études de grande ampleur. Nous avons développé des algorithmes, évalué et comparé plusieurs approches d’identification des peptides et protéines et proposé des critères d’évaluation systématiques, avec un intérêt particulier porté sur la réplicabilité des identifications, afin de développer un pipeline de prétraitement adapté à des études d’envergure. Ce travail apporte un socle méthodologique jusqu’ici manquant dans le domaine de la métaprotéomique du microbiote intestinal humain. Nous avons également comparé des méthodes de normalisation des XIC et développé une méthodologie d’imputation des données manquantes permettant d’affiner les estimations d’abondances obtenues par la méthode de SC. Ce travail de thèse a permis de mettre en évidence des biomarqueurs microbiens potentiellement d’intérêt pour prédire la réponse à un régime amaigrissant ou pour caractériser différents phénotypes de MICI. Nous avons également analysé le métaprotéome de plus de 200 patients dans le cadre de l’ANR ProteoCardis adossée au projet MetaCardis, et s’intéressant au lien possible entre microbiote intestinal et maladies cardiovasculaires. La recherche de protéines d’intérêt parmi ces données devrait permettre de découvrir des candidats biomarqueurs de maladies cardiovasculairesMetaproteomics focuses on identifying and quantifying proteins in complex biological samples such as the human gut microbiota. The analysis of several hundred of samples is of interest given the growing recognition of this ecosystem as a health partner. However, the methods and protocols used so far in metaproteomics are not suitable for large-scale studies. We have therefore developed algorithms, evaluated and compared several identification approaches for peptides and proteins and proposed systematic evaluation criteria, with a particular interest in the replicability of identifications, in order to develop a pre-treatment pipeline suitable for wide-ranging studies. This work bring a methodological base so far missing in the field of the metaproteomics of the human gut microbiota. Quantification of peptides and proteins by XIC has never been performed on this type of data, we have also compared normalization methods and developed a methodology for imputing missing data to refine the abundance estimations obtained by the more classical method of SC. This thesis work has highlighted microbial biomarkers of potential interest for predicting the response to a slimming diet, or to characterize various phenotypes of IBD. We have also been able to analyse the metaproteome of more than 200 patients in the framework of the ProteoCardis ANR, which is ancillary to the European project MetaCardis, and which focuses on the potential link between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases. The search for proteins of interest among these data should allow us to discover protective or aggravating candidate biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases
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Андрієнко, Світлана Миколаївна, Олександр Іванович Сміян, Александр Иванович Смиян, Oleksandr Ivanovych Smiian, Олена Геннадіївна Васильєва, Елена Геннадьевна Васильева, Olena Hennadiivna Vasylieva i in. "Microbiotic large intestine disorders in infants with community-acquired pneumonia". Thesis, ALUNA, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81187.
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Мета: вивчити стан кількісного складу мікрофлори товстої кишки у дітей раннього віку з позагоспітальною пневмонією.
Матеріали та методи. Ми вивчили індекс стабільності мікрофлори, який являє собою відношення загальної кількості біфід- і лактобацил до загальної кількості Escherichia coli і зазвичай перевищує 2,0 одиниці. Паралельно розраховувався індекс дисбактеріозу, який складається із співвідношення автохтонних і алохтонних мікроорганізмів кишкового вмісту і в нормі становить -1,33 ± 0,14 од.
Таким чином, як при надходженні новонароджених в стаціонар, так і після проведення етіотропної терапії виникають мікробіологічні порушення біоценозу товстої кишки, особливо у грудних дітей старше 12 місяців. Тому з урахуванням цих досліджень доцільно рекомендувати включати до складу препаратів, що нормалізують мікробіоциноз кишечника.Цель: изучить состояние количественного состава микрофлоры толстой кишки у детей раннего возраста с внегоспитальной пневмонией. Материалы и методы. Мы изучили индекс стабильности микрофлоры, который представляет собой отношение общего количества бифид- и лактобацилл к общему количеству Escherichia coli и обычно превышает 2,0 единицы. Параллельно рассчитывался индекс дисбактериоза, который складывается из соотношения автохтонных и аллохтонных микроорганизмов кишечного содержимого и в норме составляет -1,33 ± 0,14 ед. Таким образом, как при поступлении новорожденных в стационар, так и после проведения этиотропной терапии возникают микробиологические нарушения биоценоза толстой кишки, особенно у грудных детей старше 12 месяцев. Поэтому с учетом этих исследований целесообразно рекомендовать включать в состав препаратов, нормализующих микробиоциноз кишечника.
The aim: To study the state of quantitative composition of large intestine microflora in infants with communityacquired pneumonia. Materials and methods: We have studied the microflora stability index (ISM), which is the number of the ratio of the total amount of bifid and lactobacilli to the number of total Escherichia coli, and normally exceeds 2.0 units. In parallel, the index of dysbiosis (ID), which consists of the ratio between autochthonous and allochthonous microorganisms of intestinal contents and in the norm is -1,33 ± 0,14 units, was calculated. Thus, both during the admission of infants to the hospital and after conducting etiotropic therapy, microbiological disturbances of the biocenosis of the colon occur, especially in infants older than 12 months. Therefore, given these studies, it is advisable to recommend to include drugs that normalize intestinal microbiocinosis in the scheme of treatment of the disease.
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(5930684), Rachel M. Jackson. "Consequences of Dietary Fibers and their Proportion on the Fermentation of Dietary Protein by Human Gut Microbiota". Thesis, 2019.
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In the human gut, bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers and proteins produces metabolites, primarily as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), that are highly beneficial for host health. However, unlike dietary fiber, bacterial fermentation of protein additionally generates potentially toxic substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, amines, and indoles. It is believed that most gut bacteria favor utilization of dietary fiber over that of protein for energy. Therefore, when fermentable dietary fiber is readily available to colonic bacteria, protein fermentation, and its subsequent potentially toxic metabolites, remains relatively low. Dietary intake primarily determines the quantity of dietary fiber and protein substrate available to the gut microbiota and the resulting profile of metabolites produced. Increased protein consumption is associated with deleterious health outcomes such as higher risk of colorectal cancer and type II diabetes. Conversely, diets following US dietary recommendations are high in fiber, which promote a healthy microbiome and are protective against disease. Diets following the recommendation are also moderate in protein intake so that, ultimately, far more fiber than protein is available for colonic bacterial fermentation. On the contrary, dietary fiber intake is chronically low in a standard Western diet, while protein consumption is above dietary recommendations, which results in nearly equal amounts of dietary fiber and protein available for gut microbial fermentation. Furthermore, the popularity of high-protein diets for athletes, as well as that of high-protein low-carbohydrate diets for weight loss, may flip fiber and protein substrate proportions upside down, resulting in more protein than fiber available in the gut for fermentation. The objective of this study was to elucidate how substrate ratios in protein-fiber mixtures affect protein fermentation and metabolites, as well as examine the degree to which fiber source may influence these outcomes. Each dietary fiber source [fructooligosaccharides (FOS), apple pectin (Pectin), a wheat bran and raw potato starch mixture (WB+PS), and an even mixture of the three aforementioned fibers (Even Mix)] and protein were combined in three ratios and provided as substrate for in vitro fecal fermentation to understand how low, medium, and high fiber inclusion levels influence fermentation outcomes. They were compared to 100% protein and fiber (each different fiber) controls. Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), metabolites produced exclusively from protein fermentation, were used as a measure of protein fermentation; the data were normalized based on the initial quantity of protein within the substrate. In protein-fiber substrate mixtures, only FOS and Even Mix inhibited BCFAs (mM/g protein basis) and only when they made up at least half of the substrate. Unexpectedly, the rate of protein fermentation was increased when the protein-fiber substrate contained 25% WB+PS fiber, possibly due to the starch component of the fiber. There was evidence that when pH drops during fermentation, as was the case for protein-FOS mixtures, it played a significant role in suppressing protein fermentation. Ammonia production was not largely affected by increasing the proportion of dietary fiber. A significant reduction did not occur until FOS made up at least 50% of the protein-fiber substrate; for Pectin, WB+PS, and Even Mix fibers, 75% inclusion was required for a significant decrease in ammonia. Interestingly, protein was butyrogenic. Protein as the sole substrate produced more butyrate than either Pectin or Even Mix as the sole substrates, and in fact, addition of Pectin to protein significantly reduced butyrate concentrations. However, the possible benefits of butyrate produced via protein fermentation needs to be tempered by the production of potentially toxic compounds and the association between protein fermentation and colorectal cancer. Overall, the thesis findings showed protein fermentation to be relatively stable and not easily influenced by increasing the availability of dietary fiber, and no clear evidence of microbial preference for carbohydrates over protein was found.
Książki na temat "Large intestine microbiota"
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Petrella, Carla, Giuseppe Nisticò i Robert Nisticò. Gut–brain axis: Physiology and pathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789284.003.0007.
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A large body of research has shown the presence of a complex pathway of communication between gut and brain. It is now recognized that, through this pathway, microbiota can influence intestinal homeostasis and modulate brain plasticity in normal and pathological conditions. This chapter provides an overview of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the possible mechanisms whereby microbiota can influence gastrointestinal function and stress-related behaviour. Since normalization of gut flora can prevent changes in behaviour, the authors further postulate that the gut–brain axis might represent a possible target for pharmacological and dietary strategies aimed at improving intestinal and mental health.
Części książek na temat "Large intestine microbiota"
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Macfarlane, Sandra, John H. Cummings i George T. Macfarlane. "Bacterial Colonisation of Surfaces in the Large Intestine". W Colonic Microbiota, Nutrition and Health, 71–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1079-4_5.
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Blachier, François. "Physiological and Metabolic Functions of the Intestinal Epithelium: From the Small to the Large Intestine". W Metabolism of Alimentary Compounds by the Intestinal Microbiota and Health, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26322-4_1.
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"Large Intestine and Gut–Brain–Microbiota Interactions". W Food Digestion and Absorption, 172–211. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839162428-00172.
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The large intestine is crucial for the various functions of the digestive system, including colonic fermentation, biosynthesis of essential vitamins and metabolites, and managing fluid and electrolyte balance. It also aids in microbial colonization and fermentation through longer transit times, conducive pH, low cell turnover, and redox potential. The gut microbiome and its metabolites significantly impact other human systems, such as the nervous system, immune system, endocrine system, and organ systems. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, mental health, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, type II diabetes, food allergies, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic constipation, and colorectal cancer. The impact of specific dietary patterns, food components, and therapeutic interventions on overall health and specific disease conditions are discussed in this chapter.
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Wibowo, Satrio, i Almira Pramadhani. "Vitamin B, Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health". W Vitamin B and Vitamin E - Pleiotropic and Nutritional Benefits. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109485.
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The human gastrointestinal system is constantly exposed to pathogenic microorganisms and beneficial compounds, such as food components and commensal bacteria. Vitamin B are a class of water-soluble organic compounds obtained through diet, supplementation, and gut microbiota synthesis. B vitamins are absorbed for host metabolism in the small intestine, whereas microbes produce and absorb B vitamins in the large intestine. The authors have accumulated evidence from various studies that each B vitamin plays an essential role in gastrointestinal health and has a reciprocal relationship with the gut microbiota. Previous studies have also proven that microbial imbalance in the gut lead to competition for the utilization of B vitamins between the host and microbes, affecting the gut microbial composition, gut health, and host metabolism. This review aims to explain further the types of B vitamins in human digestion, the mechanism of B vitamin synthesis, and the role of B vitamins in the composition of the gut microbiota and the health of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it can help practitioners to consider administering B vitamins to maintain the patient’s gut health.
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Kature, Dattatraya, Vikesh Kukade i Rajendra Patil. "FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION IN ASTHMA". W Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 5, 37–48. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs5p1ch4.
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Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects people of all ages and is expected to affect 400 million people by 2025, with over 250,000 deaths recorded each year and enormous health-care costs. Chronic inflammation causes airway hyper responsiveness, which results in recurring episodes of wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, and/or coughing that increase in frequency and intensity over time. Although the pathophysiology of asthma is unknown, it has been linked to a variety of genetic, environmental, viral, and dietary factors. Asthma has been linked to microbial triggers in the gut as a major environmental component. Human body inhabits large number of different types of bacteria and they have close contact with human cells in the gut and they have numerous effects on host intestine because of this, human gut microbiome considered important and active. Human health is dependent on various microbial species in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, and other medications severely degrade gut and lung microbiota. Dysbiosis and decreased microbial diversity result in the dysregulation of bidirectional interaction across the gut-lung axis, resulting in hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to respiratory and food allergens. Overall, gut and lung dysbiosis appear to be important causes of the increased emergence of asthma. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a simple therapy that manipulates the human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota by transferring a healthy donor microbiota into an existing but disturbed microbial ecosystem. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has successfully alleviated symptoms of several diseases and restored gut microbiota balance. This review aims to provide several insights into the development of FMT therapy for asthma.
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Gezer, Ceren, i Gözde Okburan. "Prebiotic Dietary Fibers for Weight Management". W Dietary Fibers [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99421.
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While all prebiotics are accepted as dietary fibers, not all dietary fibers are accepted as prebiotics. Fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are significant prebiotic dietary fibers related with the regulation of weight management. They, selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, thus help to modulate gut microbiota. Since bifiodobacteria population are responsible for energy scavenging they are playing a vital role in the weight management. In addition, prebiotics fermented to short chain fatty acids by gut microbiota, whose presence in the large intestine is responsible for many of the metabolic effects and prevent metabolic diseases such as obesity. Short chain fatty acids via different mechanisms also stimulate satiety hormones such as GLP-1 and PYY, and shift glucose and lipid metabolism. To conclude, prebiotic dietary fibers beneficially impact the gut microbiota thus can be effective on regulation of weight management. There is a need for further clinical trials to explain more comprehensively the effects of dietary prebiotics on weight management.
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Sundararaman, Aravind, i Prakash M. Halami. "Metabolic Engineering of Bifidobacterium sp. Using Genome Editing Techniques". W Genome Editing in Bacteria (Part 1), 88–105. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165678124010008.
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The gut microbiome is significant in maintaining human health by facilitating absorption and digestion in the intestine. Probiotics have diverse and significant applications in the health sector, so probiotic strains require an understanding of the genome-level organizations. Probiotics elucidate various functional parameters that control their metabolic functions. Gut dysbiosis leads to inflammatory bowel disease and other neurological disorders. The application of probiotic bacteria to modulate the gut microbiota prevents diseases and has gained large interest. In a recent decade, the development of modern tools in molecular biology has led to the discovery of genome engineering. Synthetic biology approaches provide information about diverse biosynthetic pathways and also facilitate novel metabolic engineering approaches for probiotic strain improvement. The techniques enable engineering probiotics with the desired functionalities to benefit human health. This chapter describes the recent advances in probiotic strain improvement for diagnostic and therapeutic applications via CRISPR-Cas tools. Also, the application of probiotics, current challenges, and future perspectives in disease treatment are discussed.
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Mishra, Dr Ruchi. "MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS". W Futuristic Trends in Medical Sciences Volume 3 Book 26, 220–36. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bfms26p4ch5.
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Global increase in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be due to alteration of gut microbiota, changing environmental pattern and its impact, role of genetics and immune response towards foreign bodies. Ulcerative colitis (UC) may be a chronic illness that includes perennial inflammation of the colonic mucous membrane. UC is an inflammatory gastrointestinal disease usually associated with the inner lining of large intestine due to microbial dysbiosis, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Several major factors are responsible for inducing gut dysbiosis, immune dysregulation which exaggerate the severity of infection. The therapeutic approach of probiotics, prebiotics and antibiotics will be beneficial for the efficacious microbiome manipulation in ulcerative colitis. The treatment goal is to induce a steroid-free recurrence also to prevent complications of the disease at the same time. The treatment depends on the level of severity, localization and the course of the disease. Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds are used as first line of treatment. More severe disease should be treated with oral and local application of amino salicylic acid compound; immune modulators and steroidal therapy has been proved more efficacious.
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Chhotaray, Sangeeta, i Soumya Jal. "An Alternate Strategy for the Regulation of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders". W Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 372–90. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5528-2.ch013.
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Dysregulated immune responses against self-antigens cause tissue damage and chronic inflammation, which in turn cause autoimmune disorders. Dietary variables and nutritional imbalances contribute to the development and progression of autoimmune pathogenesis, while genetic predisposition is also involved. The gut microbiota, a community of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is crucial for human health and disease. The relationship between dietary nutrients and the gut microbiota is complex, with nutrients influencing microbial composition and function, while the gut microbiota influences nutrient metabolism and absorption. Key nutrients, such as fibers, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, affect gut microbial communities, while the gut microbiota contributes to the bioavailability of essential nutrients and the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Dysregulation of this symbiotic relationship, known as dysbiosis, has been linked to various diseases. Understanding this complex interplay offers potential therapeutic interventions for promoting gut health, modulating immune function, and managing disease states. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms of nutrient-microbiota interactions, exploring personalized dietary approaches, and harnessing nutritional interventions for optimizing human health and well-being. Therefore, nutrition plays an important part in the development of autoimmune illnesses; this chapter focuses on the ways nutrition affects inflammation, autoimmunity, and immune function. Diet has emerged as a major lifestyle component in the epidemic of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders, which is affecting people in both industrialised and developing nations. Also, the current “Western diet” has altered in recent years, adding more calories and changing the proportions of various food groups, such as reducing fibre and increasing fat and carbohydrate quality. Because alterations in the makeup of the gut microbiota are linked to numerous inflammatory disorders, the fact that diet modifies the microbial ecology of the large intestine may have significant implications for human health.
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Mohapatra, Lucy, Deepak Mishra, Alok Shiomurti Tripathi i Sambit Kumar Parida. "Immunology of Dietary Exposure". W Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 208–36. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5528-2.ch008.
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To keep our body healthy and protected from infectious microbes, immunity is essential. The immune system (IS) predominantly comprised of innate and acquired immunity, and has evolved as a specific, complex, efficient, and regulated protective mechanism in human beings. The IS commands different macro and micronutrients to function properly. Dietary habits have an impact on immunity and inflammation. Investigations have shown that omega-3 fatty acids can mitigate inflammation whereas food items that may aggravate inflammation include processed meat, simple sugars, trans fats, and refined carbohydrates. The immunological function of gut antigens has been partially elucidated by germ-free models. But the large intestine, which has a high concentration of gut microbiota, does not contain much of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The immune response, diet balance, and preserving the necessary levels of vitamins and minerals to fend off infections have been clearly discussed in this chapter. Further, an overview of food allergy and allergens are also included in this chapter.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Large intestine microbiota"
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Mohammad HUSSEIN, Diyar, Khalid Hadi KADHIM i Shaima Khazaal WAAD. "REVIEW OF THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES AND ROLES OF THE BIRD’S DIGESTIVE SYSTEM". W VII. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSOF PURE,APPLIEDANDTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress7-11.
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The goal this reviews was to determined the influence of the diet on digestive system in the birds and roles of digestive tract. Birds have a very complex digestive system, which is thought to have a significant impact on how well they utilize the nutrition that they consume. It is expected that the stomach, intestines, cecum, proventriculus, and gizzard of herbivorous birds will be larger than those of carnivorous birds, whereas herbivorous birds tend to have longer, more complex digestive tracts. This may be due to herbivorous require high time and energy to the breakdown of cellulose. Their digestive processes were described for birds with different diets.. The proventriculus' size impacted by the diet, not the intestines, gizzard, or cecum. Insectivores had the largest proventriculi, whereas herbivores had the smallest, and omnivores had a proventriculus of a medium size. The function of the avian digestive organs in regulating the gut bacteria, fermenting unabsorbed nutrients, recycling nitrogen from urine, and maintaining gut health. Through aiding food uptake, and interactions with the immune system, gastrointestinal microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining organism health. Only tiny and/or soluble particles, along with digestive juices and urine, will reflux into the caeca due to anatomical and physiological adaptations. Salts and water will be reabsorbed here, and the rich bacteria will ferment uric acid and carbohydrates into ammonia and volatile fatty acids. The caeca may thereby affect the bird's nutritional health. Starch and proteins can be consumed, stored, and partially digested in the early section of the avian digestive system. With the exception of the absence of lacteals, the avian gut has a comparable anatomy to other monogastric animals. The microvilli in the avian intestine are covered by a noticeable glycocalyx. The mammalian liver's actual lobular structure is absent from the avian liver. Around the bile caniculi, hepatocytes are organized in plates two layers thick of cells. Acinar cells, that produce digesting enzymes to the pancreatic ducts, endocrine cells, that secrete hormones to the bloodstream, are found in the two main lobes and two smaller lobes of the avian pancreatic structure. The colon structure is similar to that of intestine except the poor enervation.
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Maia, Lucas Henrique, Thaís Galdino Diniz, Vitor Carvalho Caetano, Marina Gomes Diniz, Pedro Lucas Bessa dos Reis, Gabriela Vieira Marques da Costa Leão, Vitor Moreira Nunes i Helton José dos Reis. "Antibiotic therapy as a risk factor in Parkinson’s disease". W XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.521.
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Background: Antibiotics exposure is related to gastrointestinal tract dysbiosis and appearance of systemic repercussions. Due to the correlation between Enteric Nervous System (ENS) and Central Nervous System (CNS), abnormalities in the gut microbiota have been associated with neurological disorders including Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Objectives: Search evidence in the scientific literature relating antibiotic therapy and Parkinson’s disease. Methods: A systematic review has been done using the descriptors “Parkinson’s disease”, “antibiotics” and “gut microbiota” in PubMed’s database. The research was conducted in april 2021, without temporal limitations, in english and portuguese. Results: Studies suggest that PD begins with intestinal inflammation and abnormal alpha-synuclein deposition in the ENS that follows, through nerves, to the CNS. Results show that leaky gut and dysbiosis preceded 5-10 years PD’s initial symptoms, while the intense exposure to antibiotics preceded 10-15 years the diagnostic. On average, PD patients received larger amounts of antibiotics than controls (p=0.021). Dysbiosis post-antibiotics presented reduced diversity of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Prevotellaceae and growthing of Enterobacteriaceae, resulting in higher risk of gastrointestinal infections, higher rates of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased permeability of gastrointestinal and brain-blood barriers and hyperexpression of the alpha-synuclein protein in the colon. Conclusion: Poorly controlled antibiotic therapy and its subsequent damage to gut microbiota anticipates PD’s early symptoms.
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Sheida, E. V., S. V. Lebedev, G. K. Duskaev, V. A. Ryazanov, S. A. Miroshnikov i V. V. Grechkina. "Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome in the large intestine of cattle with additional inclusion of ultrafine particles Cr2O3". W PROCEEDINGS OF THE II INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES: (CAMSTech-II 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0092461.
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Wyatt, Nicola, Hannah Watson, Mary Doona, Ned Tilling, Dean Allerton, Tariq Ahmad, Jennifer A. Doyle i in. "P143 Evaluating intestinal biopsy preservation and storage methods to facilitate large-scale microbiome research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)". W BSG LIVE’24, 17-20 June 2024, ICC Birmingham. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2024-bsg.225.
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