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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Lipid Droplet”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 26 lipca 2025

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1

Jin, Yi, Zhuqing Ren, Yanjie Tan, Pengxiang Zhao, and Jian Wu. "Motility Plays an Important Role in the Lifetime of Mammalian Lipid Droplets." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083802.

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The lipid droplet is a kind of organelle that stores neutral lipids in cells. Recent studies have found that in addition to energy storage, lipid droplets also play an important role in biological processes such as resistance to stress, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Lipid droplets are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum, and mature lipid droplets participate in various cellular processes. Lipid droplets are decomposed by lipase and lysosomes. In the life of a lipid droplet, the most important thing is to interact with other organelles, including the endoplas

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Adeyo, Oludotun, Patrick J. Horn, SungKyung Lee, et al. "The yeast lipin orthologue Pah1p is important for biogenesis of lipid droplets." Journal of Cell Biology 192, no. 6 (2011): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201010111.

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Lipins are phosphatidate phosphatases that generate diacylglycerol (DAG). In this study, we report that yeast lipin, Pah1p, controls the formation of cytosolic lipid droplets. Disruption of PAH1 resulted in a 63% decrease in droplet number, although total neutral lipid levels did not change. This was accompanied by an accumulation of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The droplet biogenesis defect was not a result of alterations in neutral lipid ratios. No droplets were visible in the absence of both PAH1 and steryl acyltransferases when grown in glucose medium, even though the

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Cabodevilla, Ainara G., Ni Son, and Ira J. Goldberg. "Intracellular lipase and regulation of the lipid droplet." Current Opinion in Lipidology 35, no. 2 (2024): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mol.0000000000000918.

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Purpose of review Lipid droplets are increasingly recognized as distinct intracellular organelles that have functions exclusive to the storage of energetic lipids. Lipid droplets modulate macrophage inflammatory phenotype, control the availability of energy for muscle function, store excess lipid, sequester toxic lipids, modulate mitochondrial activity, and allow transfer of fatty acids between tissues. Recent findings There have been several major advances in our understanding of the formation, dissolution, and function of this organelle during the past two years. These include new informatio

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DiDonato, Deanna, and Dawn L. Brasaemle. "Fixation Methods for the Study of Lipid Droplets by Immunofluorescence Microscopy." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 6 (2003): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100608.

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The study of proteins associated with lipid droplets in adipocytes and many other cells is a rapidly developing area of inquiry. Although lipid droplets are easily visible by light microscopy, few standardized microscopy methods have been developed. Several methods of chemical fixation have recently been used to preserve cell structure before visualization of lipid droplets by light microscopy. We tested the most commonly used methods to compare the effects of the fixatives on cellular lipid content and lipid droplet structure. Cold methanol fixation has traditionally been used before visualiz

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Gaunt, Eleanor R., Qifeng Zhang, Winsome Cheung, Michael J. O. Wakelam, Andrew M. L. Lever, and Ulrich Desselberger. "Lipidome analysis of rotavirus-infected cells confirms the close interaction of lipid droplets with viroplasms." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 7 (2013): 1576–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.049635-0.

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Rotaviruses (RVs) cause acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, and are globally distributed. Within the infected host cell, RVs establish replication complexes in viroplasms (‘viral factories’) to which lipid droplet organelles are recruited. To further understand this recently discovered phenomenon, the lipidomes of RV-infected and uninfected MA104 cells were investigated. Cell lysates were subjected to equilibrium ultracentrifugation through iodixanol gradients. Fourteen different classes of lipids were differentiated by mass spectrometry. The concentrations of virtually all li

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Robenek, Horst, Insa Buers, Mirko J. Robenek, et al. "Topography of Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins: Insights from Freeze-Fracture Replica Immunogold Labeling." Journal of Lipids 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/409371.

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Lipid droplets are not merely storage depots for superfluous intracellular lipids in times of hyperlipidemic stress, but metabolically active organelles involved in cellular homeostasis. Our concepts on the metabolic functions of lipid droplets have come from studies on lipid droplet-associated proteins. This realization has made the study of proteins, such as PAT family proteins, caveolins, and several others that are targeted to lipid droplets, an intriguing and rapidly developing area of intensive inquiry. Our existing understanding of the structure, protein organization, and biogenesis of

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Yang, Xing, Kylie R. Dunning, Linda L. Y. Wu, et al. "Identification of Perilipin-2 as a lipid droplet protein regulated in oocytes during maturation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 8 (2010): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd10091.

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Lipid droplet proteins regulate the storage and utilisation of intracellular lipids. Evidence is emerging that oocyte lipid utilisation impacts embryo development, but lipid droplet proteins have not been studied in oocytes. The aim of the present study was to characterise the size and localisation of lipid droplets in mouse oocytes during the periovulatory period and to identify lipid droplet proteins as potential biomarkers of oocyte lipid content. Oocyte lipid droplets, visualised using a novel method of staining cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) with BODIPY 493/503, were small and diffuse in

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Liu, Yu, Yitao Xi, Yanyu Lv, et al. "The Plasma Membrane H+ ATPase CsPMA2 Regulates Lipid Droplet Formation, Appressorial Development and Virulence in Colletotrichum siamense." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24 (2023): 17337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417337.

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Plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) play an important role in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi. Lipid droplets are important storage sites for neutral lipids in fungal conidia and hyphae and can be used by plant pathogenic fungi for infection. However, the relationship between plasma membrane H+-ATPase, lipid droplets and virulence remains unclear. Here, we characterized a plasma membrane H+-ATPase, CsPMA2, that plays a key role in lipid droplet formation, appresorial development and virulence in C. siamense. Deletion of CsPMA2 impaired C. siamense conidial size, conidial germination, appre

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Zhang, Yuchen, Yiqing Chen, Cheng Zhuang, Jingxuan Qi, Robert Chunhua Zhao, and Jiao Wang. "Lipid droplets in the nervous system: involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis." Neural Regeneration Research 20, no. 3 (2024): 740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01401.

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Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons, glial cells, and other cells in the nervous system. Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previously, lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis; however, recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system. In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism, lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress

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Kang, Sun Woo Sophie, Victoria C. Cogger, David G. Le Couteur, and Dong Fu. "Multiple cellular pathways regulate lipid droplet homeostasis for the establishment of polarity in collagen sandwich-cultured hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 317, no. 5 (2019): C942—C952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00051.2019.

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Hepatocyte polarization is energy dependent. The establishment of polarization in collagen sandwich culture of hepatocytes requires utilization of lipid droplets and mitochondrial β-oxidation to supply ATP. Multiple cellular pathways are involved in lipid droplet homeostasis; however, mechanistic insights of how hepatocytes utilize lipid droplets during polarization remain elusive. The current study investigated the effects of various pathways involved in lipid droplet homeostasis on bioenergetics during hepatocyte polarization. The results showed that hepatocytes were dependent on lipolysis o

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Bai, Wenzhe, Qianhai Fang, Yanzhen Bi, et al. "Porcine SCD1 Regulates Lipid Droplet Number via CLSTN3B in PK15 Cells." Animals 15, no. 11 (2025): 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15111663.

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Fat deposition plays a key role in determining porcine meat quality traits, with lipid droplets serving as critical organelles for lipid storage in adipose tissue. Inhibiting lipid droplet biogenesis disrupts the lipid storage capacity of adipocytes. The Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) family is crucial in regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid (PUFA/MUFA) composition, while its role in lipid droplet formation remains unclear. This study employed CRISPR/Cas9 to create SCD1-deficient porcine renal epithelial cells (PK15), enabling an investigation into SCD1’s role in fat

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ROSAS-BALLINA, MAURICIO, Xue Li Guan, Nura Schürmann, Alexander Schmidt, and Dirk Bumann. "Mechanism of lipid droplet accumulation in mononuclear phagocytes during sepsis (IRM9P.461)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 130.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.130.6.

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Abstract Lipid droplet formation in phagocytes is associated with various important inflammatory conditions, and their accumulation modulates disease progression. We used proteomics, lipidomics, and cell bioenergetics experiments to unravel the metabolic basis of lipid droplet accumulation in a murine model of Salmonella infection. Lipid droplets accumulated in inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils within spleen inflammatory lesions, and this is recapitulated in vitro by treating monocytes with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNγ. Bioenergetic experiments suggested that iNOS-derived nitric oxi

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13

Du, Xiaoli, Caroline Barisch, Peggy Paschke, et al. "Dictyostelium Lipid Droplets Host Novel Proteins." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 11 (2013): 1517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00182-13.

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ABSTRACT Across all kingdoms of life, cells store energy in a specialized organelle, the lipid droplet. In general, it consists of a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and steryl esters surrounded by only one leaflet derived from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to which a specific set of proteins is bound. We have chosen the unicellular organism Dictyostelium discoideum to establish kinetics of lipid droplet formation and degradation and to further identify the lipid constituents and proteins of lipid droplets. Here, we show that the lipid composition is similar to what is found in mammalian

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Petan, Toni, Eva Jarc, and Maida Jusović. "Lipid Droplets in Cancer: Guardians of Fat in a Stressful World." Molecules 23, no. 8 (2018): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081941.

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Cancer cells possess remarkable abilities to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Their survival during severe nutrient and oxidative stress depends on their capacity to acquire extracellular lipids and the plasticity of their mechanisms for intracellular lipid synthesis, mobilisation, and recycling. Lipid droplets, cytosolic fat storage organelles present in most cells from yeast to men, are emerging as major regulators of lipid metabolism, trafficking, and signalling in various cells and tissues exposed to stress. Their biogenesis is induced by nutrient and oxidative stress and they ac

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Hamada, Satoshi, Akihiro Kishikawa, and Motonobu Yoshida. "Proteomic Analysis of Lipid Droplets in Sesamum indicum." Protein Journal 39, no. 4 (2020): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10930-020-09902-3.

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AbstractWe attempted to identify the total proteome in sesame lipid droplets. Results from two-dimensional electrophoresis showed 139 protein spots in lipid droplet samples. Each spot was isolated, digested with trypsin, and applied to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (Q-Tof Premier). As a result, 103 spots were identified. Although oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin are known major components of the lipid droplet, many other proteins were also found in the lipid droplet. In addition to the three major proteins, TAG factor protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, F1 ATP

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Lubojemska, Aleksandra, M. Irina Stefana, Sebastian Sorge, et al. "Adipose triglyceride lipase protects renal cell endocytosis in a Drosophila dietary model of chronic kidney disease." PLOS Biology 19, no. 5 (2021): e3001230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001230.

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Obesity-related renal lipotoxicity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent pathologies with complex aetiologies. One hallmark of renal lipotoxicity is the ectopic accumulation of lipid droplets in kidney podocytes and in proximal tubule cells. Renal lipid droplets are observed in human CKD patients and in high-fat diet (HFD) rodent models, but their precise role remains unclear. Here, we establish a HFD model in Drosophila that recapitulates renal lipid droplets and several other aspects of mammalian CKD. Cell type–specific genetic manipulations show that lipid can overflow from adipose

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Peng, Ying, Zhuoxuan Li, Zhiyang Zhang, et al. "Bromocriptine protects perilesional spinal cord neurons from lipotoxicity after spinal cord injury." Neural Regeneration Research 19, no. 5 (2023): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.385308.

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Abstract JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202405000-00046/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-28T063346Z/r/image-tiff Recent studies have revealed that lipid droplets accumulate in neurons after brain injury and evoke lipotoxicity, damaging the neurons. However, how lipids are metabolized by spinal cord neurons after spinal cord injury remains unclear. Herein, we investigated lipid metabolism by spinal cord neurons after spinal cord injury and identified lipid-lowering compounds to treat spinal cord injury. We found that lipid droplets accumulated in perilesional spinal cord neurons after spinal cord injury

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MacPherson, Rebecca E. K., Eric A. F. Herbst, Erica J. Reynolds, Rene Vandenboom, Brian D. Roy, and Sandra J. Peters. "Subcellular localization of skeletal muscle lipid droplets and PLIN family proteins OXPAT and ADRP at rest and following contraction in rat soleus muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 1 (2012): R29—R36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00163.2011.

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Skeletal muscle lipid droplet-associated proteins (PLINs) are thought to regulate lipolysis through protein-protein interactions on the lipid droplet surface. In adipocytes, PLIN2 [adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP)] is found only on lipid droplets, while PLIN5 (OXPAT, expressed only in oxidative tissues) is found both on and off the lipid droplet and may be recruited to lipid droplet membranes when needed. Our purpose was to determine whether PLIN5 is recruited to lipid droplets with contraction and to investigate the myocellular location and colocalization of lipid droplets, PL

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Boulant, Steeve, Paul Targett-Adams, and John McLauchlan. "Disrupting the association of hepatitis C virus core protein with lipid droplets correlates with a loss in production of infectious virus." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 8 (2007): 2204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82898-0.

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In infected cells, hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is targeted to lipid droplets, which serve as intracellular storage organelles. Using a tissue culture system to generate infectious HCV, we have shown that the coating of lipid droplets by the core protein occurs in a time-dependent manner and coincides with higher rates of virus production. At earlier times, the protein was located at punctate sites in close proximity to the edge of lipid droplets. Investigations by using Z-stack analysis have shown that many lipid droplets contained a single punctate site that could represent positions

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Qiang, Guan, and Ravi Jhaveri. "Lipid Droplet Binding of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Genotype 3." ISRN Gastroenterology 2012 (July 11, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/176728.

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Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 is known to cause steatosis (fatty liver) that is more frequent and severe than other genotypes. We previously identified sequence elements within genotype 3 HCV Core domain 3 that were sufficient for lipid accumulation. Aims. We examined various genotype 3 Core domains for lipid droplet localization and compared the lipid droplet binding regions of domain 2 with a genotype 1 isolate. Methods. We generated HCV Core domain constructs fused with green fluorescent protein and performed immunofluorescence to visualize lipid droplets. Results. Construc

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Ducharme, Nicole A., and Perry E. Bickel. "Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis." Endocrinology 149, no. 3 (2008): 942–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1713.

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Organisms store energy for later use during times of nutrient scarcity. Excess energy is stored as triacylglycerol in lipid droplets during lipogenesis. When energy is required, the stored triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed via activation of lipolytic pathways. The coordination of lipid storage and utilization is regulated by the perilipin family of lipid droplet coat proteins [perilipin, adipophilin/adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP), S3-12, tail-interacting protein of 47 kilodaltons (TIP47), and myocardial lipid droplet protein (MLDP)/oxidative tissues-enriched PAT protein (OXPAT)/l

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Liu, Kun, Shengli Zhou, Ji-Young Kim, et al. "Functional analysis of FSP27 protein regions for lipid droplet localization, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and dimerization with CIDEA." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, no. 6 (2009): E1395—E1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00188.2009.

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The adipocyte-specific protein FSP27, also known as CIDEC, is one of three cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins. The first known function for CIDEs was promotion of apoptosis upon ectopic expression in mammalian cells. Recent studies in endogenous settings demonstrated key roles for CIDEs in energy metabolism. FSP27 is a lipid droplet-associated protein whose heterologous expression enhances formation of enlarged lipid droplets and is required for unilocular lipid droplets typical of white adipocytes in vivo. Here, we delineate relationships between apoptotic function and li

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Baars, Annemarie, Annemarie Oosting, Eefje Engels, et al. "Milk fat globule membrane coating of large lipid droplets in the diet of young mice prevents body fat accumulation in adulthood." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 11 (2016): 1930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001082.

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AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated protective effects of breast-feeding on childhood obesity. Differences between human milk and infant milk formula (IMF) in dietary lipid structure may contribute to this effect. In our mouse model, feeding a diet containing large lipid droplets coated with phospholipids (PL) (Nuturis®; PL of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction origin) in early life protected against excessive body fat accumulation following a diet challenge in adult life. We now set out to determine the relevance of increased droplet size and/or MFGM lipid droplet coating

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Lung, Jrhau, Ming-Szu Hung, Ting-Yao Wang, et al. "Lipid Droplets in Lung Cancers Are Crucial for the Cell Growth and Starvation Survival." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (2022): 12533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012533.

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For rapid and unlimited cell growth and proliferation, cancer cells require large quantities of nutrients. Many metabolic pathways and nutrient uptake systems are frequently reprogrammed and upregulated to meet the demand from cancer cells, including the demand for lipids. The lipids for most adult normal cells are mainly acquired from the circulatory system. Whether different cancer cells adopt identical mechanisms to ensure sufficient lipid supply, and whether the lipid demand and supply meet each other, remains unclear, and was investigated in lung cancer cells. Results showed that, despite

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Voisin, Pierre, Marianne Bernard, Thierry Bergès, and Matthieu Régnacq. "Amino acid starvation inhibits autophagy in lipid droplet-deficient cells through mitochondrial dysfunction." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 18 (2020): 3613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200551.

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Lipid droplets are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotes that act as storage sites for neutral lipids. Under normal growth conditions, they are not required in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, recent works have shown that lipid droplets are required for autophagy to proceed in response to nitrogen starvation and that they play an essential role in maintaining ER homeostasis. Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway that helps degradation and recycling of potentially harmful proteins and organelles. It can be pharmacologically induced by rapamycin even in the absence of lipid droplets.

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Yako, Tomohiro, Wataru Otsu, Shinsuke Nakamura, Masamitsu Shimazawa, and Hideaki Hara. "Lipid Droplet Accumulation Promotes RPE Dysfunction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031790.

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Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversibly progressive retinal degenerative disease characterized by dysfunction and loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It has been suggested that impaired phagocytosis of the RPE is involved in the progression of non-exudative AMD, but the mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of lipid droplet accumulation on RPE function. Compared to young mice, the expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins increased in the RPE-choroidal complex, and lipid droplet in the RPE was observed in aged pigmen

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Olofsson, Sven-Olof, Pontus Boström, Linda Andersson, et al. "Triglyceride containing lipid droplets and lipid droplet-associated proteins." Current Opinion in Lipidology 19, no. 5 (2008): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mol.0b013e32830dd09b.

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Spicer, Patrick T., and Richard W. Hartel. "Crystal Comets: Dewetting During Emulsion Droplet Crystallization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 58, no. 9 (2005): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch05119.

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Liquid oil emulsion droplets can violently dewet their own solid crystals during crystallization as a result of surfactant adsorption. The crystal shape formed is a function of the relative rates of dewetting and crystallization as controlled by surfactant adsorption, cooling rate, and lipid purity. For negligible dewetting rates, crystals nucleate and grow within the droplet. At similar crystallization and dewetting rates, the droplet is propelled around the continuous phase on a crystalline ‘comet tail’ much larger than the original droplet. Rapid dewetting causes the ejection of small discr

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Debelyy, Mykhaylo O., Sven Thoms, Melanie Connerth, Günther Daum, and Ralf Erdmann. "Involvement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hydrolase Ldh1p in Lipid Homeostasis." Eukaryotic Cell 10, no. 6 (2011): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.05040-11.

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ABSTRACTHere, we report the functional characterization of the newly identified lipid droplet hydrolase Ldh1p. Recombinant Ldh1p exhibits esterase and triacylglycerol lipase activities. Mutation of the serine in the hydrolase/lipase motif GXSXG completely abolished esterase activity. Ldh1p is required for the maintenance of a steady-state level of the nonpolar and polar lipids of lipid droplets. A characteristic feature of theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeΔldh1strain is the appearance of giant lipid droplets and an excessive accumulation of nonpolar lipids and phospholipids upon growth on medium con

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Pressly, Jeffrey D., Margaret Z. Gurumani, Javier T. Varona Santos, Alessia Fornoni, Sandra Merscher, and Hassan Al-Ali. "Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 322, no. 3 (2022): C468—C481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2021.

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Advances in the understanding of lipid droplet biology have revealed essential roles for these organelles in mediating proper cellular homeostasis and stress response. Lipid droplets were initially thought to play a passive role in energy storage. However, recent studies demonstrate that they have substantially broader functions, including protection from reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity. Dysregulation of lipid droplet homeostasis is associated with various pathologies spanning neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and renal diseases. This

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Sunami, Yoshiaki, Artur Rebelo, and Jörg Kleeff. "Lipid Droplet-Associated Factors, PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B Proteins in Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 17 (2021): 4391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174391.

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Pancreatic and liver cancer are leading causes of cancer deaths, and by 2030, they are projected to become the second and the third deadliest cancer respectively. Cancer metabolism, especially lipid metabolism, plays an important role in progression and metastasis of many types of cancer, including pancreatic and liver cancer. Lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, but also act as molecular messengers, and signaling factors. It is becoming increasingly evident that alterations in the regulation of lipid droplets and their associated factors influence the risk of

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Jin, Yi, Yanjie Tan, Lupeng Chen, Yan Liu, and Zhuqing Ren. "Reactive Oxygen Species Induces Lipid Droplet Accumulation in HepG2 Cells by Increasing Perilipin 2 Expression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (2018): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113445.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the world’s most common liver disease. The disease can develop liver fibrosis or even carcinomas from the initial hepatic steatosis, and this process is influenced by many factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as potent oxidants in cells, have been reported previously to play an important role in the development of NAFLD progression via promoting neutral lipid accumulation. Here, we found that ROS can promote lipid droplet formation in hepatocytes by promoting perilipin2 (PLIN2) expression. First, we used different concentrations of hydrog

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Shimobayashi, Shunsuke F., and Yuki Ohsaki. "Universal phase behaviors of intracellular lipid droplets." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (2019): 25440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916248116.

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Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic microscale organelles involved in energy homeostasis and handling of cellular lipids and proteins. The core structure is mainly composed of two kinds of neutral lipids, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters, which are coated by a phospholipid monolayer and proteins. Despite the liquid crystalline nature of cholesteryl esters, the connection between the lipid composition and physical states is poorly understood. Here, we present a universal intracellular phase diagram of lipid droplets, semiquantitatively consistent with the in vitro phase diagram, and reveal that

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McIntosh, Avery L., Subramanian Senthivinayagam, Kenneth C. Moon, et al. "Direct interaction of Plin2 with lipids on the surface of lipid droplets: a live cell FRET analysis." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 303, no. 7 (2012): C728—C742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00448.2011.

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Despite increasing awareness of the health risks associated with excess lipid storage in cells and tissues, knowledge of events governing lipid exchange at the surface of lipid droplets remains unclear. To address this issue, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was performed to examine live cell interactions of Plin2 with lipids involved in maintaining lipid droplet structure and function. FRET efficiencies ( E) between CFP-labeled Plin2 and fluorescently labeled phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, stearic acid, and cholesterol were quantitated on a pixel-by-pixel basis to generate F

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Liu, Chen, Ioannis H. Hatzianestis, Thorsten Pfirrmann, et al. "Seed longevity is controlled by metacaspases." Nature Communications 15 (August 8, 2024): 6748. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50848-2.

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To survive extreme desiccation, seeds enter a period of quiescence that can last millennia. Seed quiescence involves the accumulation of protective storage proteins and lipids through unknown adjustments in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Here, we show that mutation of all six type–II metacaspase (MCA–II) proteases in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> disturbs proteostasis in seeds. MCA–II mutant seeds fail to restrict the AAA ATPase CELL DIVISION CYCLE 48 (CDC48) at the endoplasmic reticulum to discard misfolded proteins, compromising seed storability. Endoplasmic retic

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Mirkovic, Dusica, Svetlana Ibric, and Mirjana Antunovic. "Quality assessment of total parenteral nutrition admixtures by the use of fractional factorial design." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 4 (2013): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1304374m.

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Background/Aim. Parenteral nutrition as a specific aspect of providing nutritients still remains a permanent topic of both theoretical and experimental research. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) admixtures have complex contents making difficult to maintain their stability. The most critical parameter is the diameter of a lipid droplet, i.e. droplet size distribution. It is recommended that droplet size should not be more than 5 ??m and that the presence of greater droplets should not exceede the value of 0.05%. Lipid droplets size is affected particularly by electrolyte addition, especially po

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Moellering, Eric R., and Christoph Benning. "RNA Interference Silencing of a Major Lipid Droplet Protein Affects Lipid Droplet Size in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 1 (2009): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00203-09.

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ABSTRACT Eukaryotic cells store oils in the chemical form of triacylglycerols in distinct organelles, often called lipid droplets. These dynamic storage compartments have been intensely studied in the context of human health and also in plants as a source of vegetable oils for human consumption and for chemical or biofuel feedstocks. Many microalgae accumulate oils, particularly under conditions limiting to growth, and thus have gained renewed attention as a potentially sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. However, little is currently known at the cellular or molecular levels with reg

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Molenaar, Martijn R., Arie B. Vaandrager, and J. Bernd Helms. "Some Lipid Droplets Are More Equal Than Others: Different Metabolic Lipid Droplet Pools in Hepatic Stellate Cells." Lipid Insights 10 (January 1, 2017): 117863531774728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178635317747281.

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Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are professional lipid-storing cells and are unique in their property to store most of the retinol (vitamin A) as retinyl esters in large-sized lipid droplets. Hepatic stellate cell activation is a critical step in the development of chronic liver disease, as activated HSCs cause fibrosis. During activation, HSCs lose their lipid droplets containing triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, and retinyl esters. Lipidomic analysis revealed that the dynamics of disappearance of these different classes of neutral lipids are, however, very different from each other. Althou

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Wairimu H., Kibibi. "Lipid Droplet Biology in Obesity: Mechanisms of Lipid Storage and Mobilization in Metabolic Disease." INOSR EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 14, no. 1 (2024): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2024/141.61000.

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Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that play a central role in lipid storage and mobilization, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases like obesity. Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of triglycerides within adipocytes, leading to metabolic dysregulation and associated comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This review explores the biology of lipid droplets in the setting of obesity, focusing on the mechanisms of lipid storage and mobilization. We discuss the key regulatory proteins involved in LD formation and

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Gao, Qiang, Derk D. Binns, Lisa N. Kinch, et al. "Pet10p is a yeast perilipin that stabilizes lipid droplets and promotes their assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 216, no. 10 (2017): 3199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201610013.

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Pet10p is a yeast lipid droplet protein of unknown function. We show that it binds specifically to and is stabilized by droplets containing triacylglycerol (TG). Droplets isolated from cells with a PET10 deletion strongly aggregate, appear fragile, and fuse in vivo when cells are cultured in oleic acid. Pet10p binds early to nascent droplets, and their rate of appearance is decreased in pet10Δ. Moreover, Pet10p functionally interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum droplet assembly factors seipin and Fit2 to maintain proper droplet morphology. The activity of Dga1p, a diacylglycerol acyltransfe

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Groebner, Jennifer L., Marlene T. Girón-Bravo, Mia L. Rothberg, Raghabendra Adhikari, Dean J. Tuma, and Pamela L. Tuma. "Alcohol-induced microtubule acetylation leads to the accumulation of large, immobile lipid droplets." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 317, no. 4 (2019): G373—G386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2019.

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Although steatosis (fatty liver) is a clinically well-described early stage of alcoholic liver disease, surprisingly little is known about how it promotes hepatotoxicity. We have shown that ethanol consumption leads to microtubule hyperacetylation that can explain ethanol-induced defects in protein trafficking. Because almost all steps of the lipid droplet life cycle are microtubule dependent and because microtubule acetylation promotes adipogenesis, we examined droplet dynamics in ethanol-treated cells. In WIF-B cells treated with ethanol and/or oleic acid (a fatty acid associated with the “W

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Jo, Youngah, Isamu Z. Hartman, and Russell A. DeBose-Boyd. "Ancient ubiquitous protein-1 mediates sterol-induced ubiquitination of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in lipid droplet–associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 3 (2013): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-07-0564.

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Sterol-induced binding to Insigs in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes triggers ubiquitination of the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase. This ubiquitination, which is mediated by Insig-associated ubiquitin ligases gp78 and Trc8, is obligatory for extraction of reductase from lipid droplet–associated ER membranes into the cytosol for proteasome-mediated, ER-associated degradation (ERAD). In this study, we identify lipid droplet–associated, ancient, ubiquitous protein-1 (Aup1) as one of several proteins that copurify with gp78. RNA interference (RNAi) stu

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Molenaar, Martijn R., Kamlesh K. Yadav, Alexandre Toulmay, et al. "Retinyl esters form lipid droplets independently of triacylglycerol and seipin." Journal of Cell Biology 220, no. 10 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202011071.

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Lipid droplets store neutral lipids, primarily triacylglycerol and steryl esters. Seipin plays a role in lipid droplet biogenesis and is thought to determine the site of lipid droplet biogenesis and the size of newly formed lipid droplets. Here we show a seipin-independent pathway of lipid droplet biogenesis. In silico and in vitro experiments reveal that retinyl esters have the intrinsic propensity to sequester and nucleate in lipid bilayers. Production of retinyl esters in mammalian and yeast cells that do not normally produce retinyl esters causes the formation of lipid droplets, even in a

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Xia, Xiang, Ran Wang, Yingqi Hu, et al. "A Novel Photosensitizer for Lipid Droplet–Location Photodynamic Therapy." Frontiers in Chemistry 9 (June 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.701771.

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Lipid droplets (LDs), an extremely important cellular organelle, are responsible for the storage of neutral lipids in multiple biological processes, which could be a potential target site for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Herein, a lipid droplet–targeted photosensitizer (BODSeI) is developed, allowing for fluorescence imaging–guided PDT. Owing to the location of lipid droplets, BODSeI demonstrates enhanced PDT efficiency with an extremely low IC50 value (around 125 nM). Besides, BODSeI shows good biocompatibility and high photostability. Therefore, BODSeI is promising for droplet-locat

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Islimye, Eva, Victor Girard, and Alex P. Gould. "Functions of Stress-Induced Lipid Droplets in the Nervous System." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10 (April 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.863907.

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Lipid droplets are highly dynamic intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids such as cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols. They have recently emerged as key stress response components in many different cell types. Lipid droplets in the nervous system are mostly observed in vivo in glia, ependymal cells and microglia. They tend to become more numerous in these cell types and can also form in neurons as a consequence of ageing or stresses involving redox imbalance and lipotoxicity. Abundant lipid droplets are also a characteristic feature of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this

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Behera, Priyatama, and Monalisa Mishra. "Lipid Droplet in Lipodystrophy and Neurodegeneration." Biology of the Cell 117, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/boc.70009.

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ABSTRACTLipid droplets are ubiquitous yet distinct intracellular organelles that are gaining attention for their uses outside of energy storage. Their formation, role in the physiological function, and the onset of the pathology have been gaining attention recently. Their structure, synthesis, and turnover play dynamic roles in both lipodystrophy and neurodegeneration. Factors like development, aging, inflammation, and cellular stress regulate the synthesis of lipid droplets. The biogenesis of lipid droplets has a critical role in reducing cellular stress. Lipid droplets, in response to stress

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Brown, Elizabeth, Elizabeth Townsend, Anastasia Hains, and Laura Listenberger. "Choline Deficiency Alters Lipid Droplet Composition and Size." FASEB Journal 30, S1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.657.2.

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Excess lipid is stored in organelles known as lipid droplets. The surface of a lipid droplet is a phospholipid monolayer composed primarily of two phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Specific proteins decorate the surface of each lipid droplet and regulate its activity. We aimed to determine whether the phospholipid composition of the lipid droplet surface influences the number and type of lipid droplet proteins. We cultured NIH 3T3 cells in choline deficient media and measured a decrease in the PC:PE ratio in lipid droplet fractions. While total levels o

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Farese, Robert V., and Tobias Walther. "The Phase of Fat: Mechanisms and Physiology of Lipid Synthesis and Storage." FASEB Journal 30, S1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.243.3.

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Lipids play a crucial and tightly regulated role in cells as the major component of membranes. Neutral lipids, such as triglycerides, are also crucial for both cellular and physiological energy homeostasis. Membrane precursor lipids and energy storage lipids are stored as neutral lipids in cytosolic lipid droplet organelles. We are studying the molecular processes that govern the synthesis of energy storage lipids as well as their storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets. Studies on genetic factors controlling lipid droplet growth and utilization will be presented, as will relevant stud

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Shapaval, V., A. Deniset-Besseau, D. Dubava, S. Dzurendova, J. Heitmann Solheim, and A. Kohler. "Multiscale spectroscopic analysis of lipids in dimorphic and oleaginous Mucor circinelloides accommodate sustainable targeted lipid production." Fungal Biology and Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40694-023-00148-z.

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Abstract Background Oleaginous fungi have versatile metabolism and able to transform a wide range of substrates into lipids, accounting up to 20–70% of their total cell mass. Therefore, oleaginous fungi are considered as an alternative source of lipids. Oleaginous fungi can accumulate mainly acyl glycerides and free fatty acids which are localized in lipid droplets. Some of the oleaginous fungi possessing promising lipid productivity are dimorphic and can exhibit three cell forms, flat hyphae, swollen hyphae and yeast-like cells. To develop sustainable targeted fungal lipid production, deep un

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Papsdorf, Katharina, Jason W. Miklas, Amir Hosseini, et al. "Lipid droplets and peroxisomes are co-regulated to drive lifespan extension in response to mono-unsaturated fatty acids." Nature Cell Biology, May 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01136-6.

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AbstractDietary mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are linked to longevity in several species. But the mechanisms by which MUFAs extend lifespan remain unclear. Here we show that an organelle network involving lipid droplets and peroxisomes is critical for MUFA-induced longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. MUFAs upregulate the number of lipid droplets in fat storage tissues. Increased lipid droplet number is necessary for MUFA-induced longevity and predicts remaining lifespan. Lipidomics datasets reveal that MUFAs also modify the ratio of membrane lipids and ether lipids—a signature associate

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