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1

Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Kelsey G. Lamothe, Galen P. Halverson, and Erik A. Sperling. "Extending the record of the Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion in the Labrador Trough, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 9 (2020): 1089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0198.

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The Labrador Trough in northern Québec and Labrador is a 900 km long Rhyacian–Orosirian orogenic belt containing mixed sedimentary–volcanic successions. Despite having been studied intensively since the 1940s, relatively few chemostratigraphic studies have been conducted. To improve our understanding of the Labrador Trough in the context of Earth history, and better constrain the local record of the Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion, high-resolution sampling and carbon isotope analyses of the Le Fer and Denault formations were conducted. Carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13C) in the Le Fer F
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McDonald, Brayden, and Camille A. Partin. "Is the Lomagundi Event present on the Rae craton? A case study from the Murmac Bay Group." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 5 (2016): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0186.

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Shortly after the initial rise of atmospheric oxygen in the Paleoproterozoic Era, a major perturbation occurred in the global carbon cycle, which is manifested as a long-lived positive carbon isotope excursion recorded in ∼2.22–2.06 Ga carbonate rocks, known as the Lomagundi Event. Beyond its significance for evolving seawater composition, this geochemical event can be used as an indirect age marker in Paleoproterozoic sedimentary successions. Documenting further occurrences of this event in other Paleoproterozoic carbonate rocks confirms that the event was global and reflects ambient seawater
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Tang, Haoshu, Yanjing Chen, Guang Wu та Yong Lai. "Paleoproterozoic positive δ13Ccarb excursion in the northeastern Sino-Korean craton: Evidence of the Lomagundi Event". Gondwana Research 19, № 2 (2011): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.07.002.

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Bekker, A., C. Holmden, N. J. Beukes, F. Kenig, B. Eglinton, and W. P. Patterson. "Fractionation between inorganic and organic carbon during the Lomagundi (2.22–2.1 Ga) carbon isotope excursion." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 271, no. 1-4 (2008): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.04.021.

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Mayika, Karen Bakakas, Mathieu Moussavou, Anthony R. Prave, Aivo Lepland, Michel Mbina, and Kalle Kirsimäe. "The Paleoproterozoic Francevillian succession of Gabon and the Lomagundi-Jatuli event." Geology 48, no. 11 (2020): 1099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47651.1.

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Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Francevillian succession of Gabon has figured prominently in concepts about Earth’s early oxygenation and genesis of a large positive excursion in carbon-isotope values, the Lomagundi-Jatuli event (LJE). Here we present a detailed study of a 139-m-long core of Francevillian rocks marked by carbonate δ13C (δ13Ccarb) values of 5‰–9‰ that decline upsection to near 0‰, a trend inferred by many workers as a fingerprint of the LJE and its termination. However, we show that the shift in δ13Ccarb values coincides with a facies change: shallow-marine facies are marked by t
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Maheshwari, Anil, Alcides N. Sial, Claudio Gaucher, et al. "Global nature of the Paleoproterozoic Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion: A review of occurrences in Brazil, India, and Uruguay." Precambrian Research 182, no. 4 (2010): 274–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.06.017.

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Martin, Adam P., Daniel J. Condon, Anthony R. Prave, and Aivo Lepland. "A review of temporal constraints for the Palaeoproterozoic large, positive carbonate carbon isotope excursion (the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event)." Earth-Science Reviews 127 (December 2013): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.006.

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Fakhraee, Mojtaba, Lidya G. Tarhan, Christopher T. Reinhard, Sean A. Crowe, Timothy W. Lyons, and Noah J. Planavsky. "Earth’s surface oxygenation and the rise of eukaryotic life: Relationships to the Lomagundi positive carbon isotope excursion revisited." Earth-Science Reviews 240 (May 2023): 104398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104398.

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Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Jan D. Kramers, Axel Hofmann, et al. "Time constraints for the Lomagundi excursion and the earliest known Paleoproterozoic macroscopic organisms from the Francevillian Group, Gabon." Chemical Geology 682 (June 2025): 122749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122749.

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10

Kipp, Michael A., Eva E. Stüeken, Andrey Bekker, and Roger Buick. "Selenium isotopes record extensive marine suboxia during the Great Oxidation Event." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (2017): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615867114.

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It has been proposed that an “oxygen overshoot” occurred during the early Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in association with the extreme positive carbon isotopic excursion known as the Lomagundi Event. Moreover, it has also been suggested that environmental oxygen levels then crashed to very low levels during the subsequent extremely negative Shunga–Francevillian carbon isotopic anomaly. These redox fluctuations could have profoundly influenced the course of eukaryotic evolution, as eukaryotes have several metabolic processes that are obligately aerobic. Here we investigate the m
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11

Bekker, A., J. A. Karhu, and A. J. Kaufman. "Carbon isotope record for the onset of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion in the Great Lakes area, North America." Precambrian Research 148, no. 1-2 (2006): 145–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.03.008.

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12

Bekker, Andrey, Bryan Krapež, Stefan G. Müller, and Juha A. Karhu. "A short-term, post-Lomagundi positive C isotope excursion atc.2.03 Ga recorded by the Wooly Dolomite, Western Australia." Journal of the Geological Society 173, no. 4 (2016): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2015-152.

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13

Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., and Erik A. Sperling. "A prolonged, two-step oxygenation of Earth's early atmosphere: Support from confidence intervals." Geology 50, no. 2 (2021): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49385.1.

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Abstract The Great Oxidation Event (GOE), among Earth's most transformative events, marked the sustained presence of oxygen above 10−5 times the present atmospheric level. Estimates of the onset of the GOE span 2501–2225 Ma and are based primarily on the loss of mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes (MIF-S) in pyrite. To better constrain the timing of the GOE, we apply probabilistic techniques to estimate the confidence intervals of four proxies: MIF-S, redox-sensitive detrital minerals, “red beds,” and I/(Ca + Mg). These GOE proxies are drawn from a highly fragmentary geologic rec
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14

Master, Sharad, Andrey Bekker, and Axel Hofmann. "A review of the stratigraphy and geological setting of the Palaeoproterozoic Magondi Supergroup, Zimbabwe – Type locality for the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion." Precambrian Research 182, no. 4 (2010): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.08.013.

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15

Gumsley, Ashley P., Kevin R. Chamberlain, Wouter Bleeker, et al. "Timing and tempo of the Great Oxidation Event." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 1811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608824114.

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The first significant buildup in atmospheric oxygen, the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), began in the early Paleoproterozoic in association with global glaciations and continued until the end of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion ca. 2,060 Ma. The exact timing of and relationships among these events are debated because of poor age constraints and contradictory stratigraphic correlations. Here, we show that the first Paleoproterozoic global glaciation and the onset of the GOE occurred between ca. 2,460 and 2,426 Ma, ∼100 My earlier than previously estimated, based on an age of 2,426 ± 3 Ma for
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16

She, Zhenbing, Fanyan Yang, Wei Liu, et al. "The termination and aftermath of the Lomagundi-Jatuli carbon isotope excursions in the Paleoproterozoic Hutuo Group, North China." Journal of Earth Science 27, no. 2 (2016): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0654-4.

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17

Goswami, Abhisikta, Shushanta Sarangi, Sarada P. Mohanty та ін. "Negative δ13Ccarb excursions within early part of the Lomagundi event recorded in the Paleoproterozoic sedimentary carbonates, Aravalli Supergroup, Rajasthan India: Chemostratigraphy and basin evolution". Precambrian Research 399 (грудень 2023): 107240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2023.107240.

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18

Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Peter W. Crockford, and Alexandra V. Turchyn. "Deconstructing the Lomagundi-Jatuli Carbon Isotope Excursion." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 51, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-071250.

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The early to mid-Paleoproterozoic Lomagundi-Jatuli Excursion (LJE) is ostensibly the largest magnitude (approximately +5 to +30‰), longest duration (ca. 130–250 million years) positive carbon isotope excursion measured in carbonate rocks in Earth history. The LJE has been attributed to large nutrient fluxes, an increase in the size of the biosphere, a reorganization of the global carbon cycle, and oxygenation of the atmosphere. However, significant debate remains about its genesis, synchroneity, global-versus-local extent, and role in atmospheric oxygenation. Here we review existing models and
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19

Eguchi, James, Charles W. Diamond, and Timothy W. Lyons. "Proterozoic supercontinent break-up as a driver for oxygenation events and subsequent carbon isotope excursions." PNAS Nexus, March 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac036.

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Abstract Oxygen and carbon are two elements critical for life on Earth. Earth's most dramatic oxygenation events and carbon isotope excursions occurred during the Proterozoic, including the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event and the associated Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion, the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation event, and the Shuram negative carbon isotope excursion during the late Neoproterozoic. A specific pattern of a long-lived positive carbon isotope excursion followed by a negative carbon isotope excursion is observed in association with oxygenation events during the Paleo- and Neoprot
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20

Edmonsond, Stacey. "Timing and magnitude of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion." May 19, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15460760.

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This repository contains the code and inference results required to reproduce all analyses for the journal article "Timing and magnitude of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion" (Edmonsond & Dyer, under review). The notebooks.zip archive contains Jupyter notebooks that can be used to re-run the inference model or to load and analyze the original inference results. To run these notebooks, extract the traces.zip archive (which contains NetCDF files with the posterior traces for each model run) and the data.zip archive into the notebooks directory. The Python package StratMC also
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21

Zhang, Shuan‐Hong, Hong‐Yu Wang, Hao‐Shu Tang, et al. "High positive carbonate carbon isotope excursion identified in the North China Craton: Implications for the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event." Terra Nova, October 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ter.12687.

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AbstractRecords of the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE) are well preserved globally, but high δ13Ccarb carbonates have not been identified in the North China Craton (NCC). Our results on ~3–4 km thick carbonates from the newly confirmed Palaeoproterozoic successions in Fanhe Basin in the northeastern NCC show that the ~2.20–2.06 Ga carbonates have positive carbon isotope excursion and those deposited after 2.06 Ga have normal carbon isotope. Specially, carbonates from the Daposhan Formation have δ13Ccarb values of 10.2‰–11.8‰, which is the largest positive carbon isotope excursion in the NCC. The
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22

Prave, A. R. "Environmental microbiology explains the largest positive carbon isotope excursion in Earth history, the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event." Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 31, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00936-24.

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ABSTRACT The geological record of stable carbon isotopes preserved in marine carbonate rocks spans nearly 4 billion years. Numerous perturbations mark this record, but one stands out for its magnitude, the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event, which spanned the transition of the Earth’s surface from an anoxic to an oxic state. An Applied and Environmental Microbiology article by D. Y. Sumner (90:e00093-24, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00093-24 ) provides, for the first time, a biological explanation for its initiation, cessation, environmental specific restriction, and geological singularity.
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23

Hao, Weiduo, Kaarel Mänd, Yuhao Li, et al. "The kaolinite shuttle links the Great Oxidation and Lomagundi events." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23304-8.

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AbstractThe ~2.22–2.06 Ga Lomagundi Event was the longest positive carbon isotope excursion in Earth’s history and is commonly interpreted to reflect perturbations in continental weathering and the phosphorous cycle. Previous models have focused on mechanisms of increasing phosphorous solubilization during weathering without focusing on transport to the oceans and its dispersion in seawater. Building from new experimental results, here we report kaolinite readily absorbs phosphorous under acidic freshwater conditions, but quantitatively releases phosphorous under seawater conditions where it b
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24

Prave, A. R., K. Kirsimäe, A. Lepland, et al. "The grandest of them all: the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event and Earth's oxygenation." Journal of the Geological Society, June 21, 2021, jgs2021–036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-036.

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The Palaeoproterozoic Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (LJE) is generally considered the largest, in both amplitude and duration, positive carbonate C-isotope (δ13Ccarb) excursion in Earth history. Conventional thinking is that it represents a global perturbation of the carbon cycle between 2.3–2.1 Ga linked directly with and in part causing the postulated rise in atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event. In addition to new high-resolution δ13Ccarb measurements from LJE-bearing successions of NW Russia, we compiled 14,943 δ13Ccarb values obtained from marine carbonate rocks 3.0–1.0 Ga in age
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Sumner, Dawn Y. "Oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere induced metabolic and ecologic transformations recorded in the Lomagundi-Jatuli carbon isotopic excursion." Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 31, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00093-24.

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ABSTRACT The oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere represents the quintessential transformation of a planetary surface by microbial processes. In turn, atmospheric oxygenation transformed metabolic evolution; molecular clock models indicate the diversification and ecological expansion of respiratory metabolisms in the several hundred million years following atmospheric oxygenation. Across this same interval, the geological record preserves 13 C enrichment in some carbonate rocks, called the Lomagundi-Jatuli excursion (LJE). By combining data from geologic and genomic records, a self-consistent met
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26

Rasmussen, Birger, Janet R. Muhling, Nicholas J. Tosca, and Woodward W. Fischer. "Did nutrient-rich oceans fuel Earth’s oxygenation?" Geology, March 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g50835.1.

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Phosphorus (P) availability exerts a strong influence on primary productivity in global oceans. However, its abundance and role as a limiting nutrient prior to the start of the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) 2.45–2.32 Ga is unclear. Low concentrations of seawater P have been proposed to explain the apparent delay between the early appearance of oxygen-producing Cyanobacteria and the onset of atmospheric oxygenation. We report evidence for seawater precipitation of Ca-phosphate nanoparticles in 2.46–2.40 Ga iron formations deposited on a marine shelf, including shallow-water facies, immediately
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Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Maxwell A. Lechte, Robert H. Rainbird, et al. "The Paleoproterozoic Otish and Mistassini basins of Quebec, Canada: A record of Superia supercraton breakup and the end of the Lomagundi-Jatuli carbon isotope excursion." Geological Society of America Bulletin, March 13, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1130/b37948.1.

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The Otish Supergroup and Mistassini Group of north-central Quebec are two weakly metamorphosed sedimentary successions deposited during the middle Paleoproterozoic along the modern-day eastern margin of the Archean Superior craton. This study presents new uranium-lead (U-Pb) detrital zircon and shale rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) geochronological data for these two successions, as well as δ13Ccarb data from sedimentary carbonate rocks, which comprise the first such data for the Otish Supergroup. New geochronological data presented here demonstrate that the Mistassini Group was deposited between 2121
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Gumsley, Ashley, Kevin Chamberlain, Wouter Bleeker, et al. "Timing and tempo of the Great Oxidation Event." February 21, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608824114.

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The first significant buildup in atmospheric oxygen, the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), began in the early Paleoproterozoic in association with global glaciations and continued until the end of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion ca. 2,060 Ma. The exact timing of and relationships among these events are debated because of poor age constraints and contradictory stratigraphic correlations. Here, we show that the first Paleoproterozoic global glaciation and the onset of the GOE occurred between ca. 2,460 and 2,426 Ma, ∼100 My earlier than previously estimated, based on an age of 2,426 &plusm
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Rosa, Diogo, David Leach, Pierpaolo Guarnieri, and Andrey Bekker. "The Black Angel deposit, Greenland: a Paleoproterozoic evaporite-related Mississippi Valley-type Zn–Pb deposit." Mineralium Deposita, June 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-022-01125-z.

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AbstractThe Paleoproterozoic Mârmorilik Formation in the Karrat basin of West Greenland hosts the Black Angel Zn–Pb deposit. Chlorine-rich scapolite, zones with vuggy porosity and quartz nodules in the ore-bearing marble are herein interpreted to represent metamorphosed, vanished, and replaced evaporites, respectively. Mineralization is closely associated with anhydrite with δ34S values (5.2–12.6‰) broadly comparable to published values for Paleoproterozoic seawater sulfate. Considering the fundamental attributes of the mineralization and host sequence, a Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) model is
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Wang, Hongyu, Shuanhong Zhang, Sen Wang, et al. "Identification of carbonates with high positive carbon isotope excursion from the Liaohe Group in the northeastern North China Craton and implications for the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event." Science China Earth Sciences, July 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1318-3.

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Scoates, James S., Corey J. Wall, Richard M. Friedman, Dominique Weis, Edmond A. Mathez, and Jill A. VanTongeren. "Dating the Bushveld Complex: Timing of Crystallization, Duration of Magmatism, and Cooling of the World’s Largest Layered Intrusion and Related Rocks." Journal of Petrology, January 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa107.

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Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Bushveld Complex, including the world’s largest layered intrusion and host to world-class stratiform chromium, platinum group element, and vanadium deposits, is a remarkable natural laboratory for investigating the timescales of magmatic processes in the Earth’s crust. A framework for the emplacement, crystallization, and cooling of the Bushveld Complex based on integrated U-Pb zircon-baddeleyite-titanite-rutile geochronology is presented for samples of different rock types from the Bushveld Complex, including ultramafic and mafic cumulates, mineralized horizons,
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Ouyang, Guang, Zhenbing She, Qian Xiao, et al. "Re-appearance of precipitated aragonite crystal fans as evidence for expansion of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon reservoir in the aftermath of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event." GSA Bulletin, February 6, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b36499.1.

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The initial accumulation of atmospheric oxygen is marked by the unprecedented positive δ13Ccarb excursions of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (LJE) and records an interval of abnormal O2 production through elevated rates of organic carbon burial. Emerging evidence suggests that the post-LJE atmosphere-ocean system might have suffered a significant deoxygenation. These dynamic perturbations in the oceanic redox state and biogeochemical cycles would have led to fundamental changes in carbonate precipitation dynamics. Here, we report the discovery of centimeter-sized crystal fans in the post-LJE Huaiy
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