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Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Lumbar pedicles

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Lumbar pedicles”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Lumbar pedicles"

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Londhe, Balu Gangaram, Rajendra Somnath Garud, and Ganesh Bhausaheb Khemnar. "Morphometric Assessment of Pedicles of Indian Adult Lumbar Vertebrae: A Cross Sectional Study." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 10, no. 4 (2022): 8523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2022.254.

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Introduction: Lumbar vertebral column is exposed to various kinds of stress during locomotion. In erect posture weight transmitted through posterior part including pedicles. This causes deformities of this region as the age advances in many individuals. Proper correction of deformity is challenging. There have been advances in spinal fusion procedures and interspinous implantation of devices including pedicle screws. Use of unsuitable dimensions of screw may cause problem of destruction of pedicle. Correct metricular data of pedicle is necessary for choice of appropriate screw size. Aims and O

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Makino, Takahiro, Takashi Kaito, Hiroyasu Fujiwara, and Kazuo Yonenobu. "Morphometric analysis using multiplanar reconstructed CT of the lumbar pedicle in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis characterized by a Cobb angle of 30° or greater." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 3 (2012): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.6.spine12227.

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Object Although the anatomy of the thoracic pedicle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is well known, that of the lumbar pedicle in degenerative lumbar scoliosis is not. The morphometric differences between the pedicles on the concave and convex sides can result in an increased risk of malpositioned pedicle screws. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lumbar pedicle morphology in degenerative lumbar scoliosis using multiplanar reconstructed CT. Methods The study group comprised 16 consecutive patients (1 man and 15 women, mean age 70.9 ± 4.5 years) with degenerative lumbar scoliosis ch

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Owori, Francis Riwo, John Patrick Abingwa, Nyati Mallon, Oitangor Arthur, and Erias Sabakaki Mwaka. "Pattern of Pedicle Morphometry of Lumbar Vertebrae among Adult Ugandans Using Computed Tomography Scan Imaging." International Journal of Scientific Development and Research 9, no. 3 (2024): 893–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10890376.

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Background  The number of patients with degenerative diseases and other causes of the lumbar spine diseases is increasing. Some of these patients are being managed operatively by spine instrumentation using pedicle screw systems. Pedicle morphometric studies are relevant for proper placement of transpedicular screws to avoid penetration of the pedicle walls. This study aimed at determining the morphometry of pedicles in the lumbar spine among adult Ugandans attending Mulago National Referral Hospital assessed using Computerized Tomography (CT) scans.    Methods Across-sectional

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Khatiwada, Sushma, Buddhi Nath Adhikari Sudhin, Neeraj Pandey, Iju Shrestha, and Deepesh Dhungel. "MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF LUMBAR VERTEBRAL PEDICLES." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 11, no. 1 (2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.315.

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Background: Pedicle screw instrumentation has revolutionized spine surgery on account of its superiority over other stabilization systems. It is safe when properly placed and versatile for a range of procedure from fracture fixation to complex deformity correction. Sound anatomical knowledge of the pedicle may also be helpful during surgical approach to lumbar foramina disc herniation and epidural steroid injection as well as in the diagnosis of some lumbar degenerative diseases and chronic back pain. In this study we aimed to provide locoregional data on lumbar pedicle morphometry of Nepales

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Khair, Rummana, Zohora Farhana Rahman, Ishrat Jahan, and Sultana Ruma Alam. "Study of Pedicles in Dried Human Lumbar Vertebra : A Morphometric Analysis." IAHS Medical Journal 4, no. 2 (2022): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iahsmj.v4i2.62526.

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Background: In the dynamic part of the spinal column the lumbar vertebra are the largest vertebra that support the maximum body weight and exhibit the greatest degree of degenerative changes. Pedicles of the vertebra act as a port to perform procedures inside the bodies of the vertebra such as biopsies, vertebroplasties or kyphoplasties. Pedicle screw fixation is a technically demanding procedure. Accurate anatomical knowledge of the morphometry of vertebral pedicle are also important for preoperative procedure, planning and in the design and manufacture of pedicle screws. The objective of thi

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G., S. Mali Patil, K.G. Prakash, Jain Anjali, and Sharma Kalpana. "Determination of Variation in Dimensions of Lumbar Vertebral Pedicles among Indian Adult Population." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 1 (2023): 615–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13138202.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> An operating surgeon can carry out these treatments more accurately and safely if they are aware of slight anatomical heterogeneity. Prior to implant implantation, general orthopedic surgery guidelines encourage templating with precise measurements. It is known that there is a significant discrepancy between both the historically recorded diameter of the outer cortical and the effective cancellous diameter, suggesting that a safe screw selection might not always be possible with the use of traditional methods. It is strongly believed by the surgeon community

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Yilmaz, Murat, Beyza Alkis, and Kemal Yucesoy. "The Effect of the Lumbar Pedicle and Pediculo-Corporal Junction Histology on the Pedicle Screw Insertion Technique." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (2020): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3324.

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Background Posterior lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation has gained a wide acceptance in the treatment of the various spinal lesions requiring fusion. Inserting screws into the pedicles take a great deal of skill, as the dense bony parts are not large, and a mistake could push a bone fragment into the spinal nerves, causing pain, loss of mobility and other damage. Aim: To investigate the histological and gross-anatomical properties of the pediculocorporal junction, which can have important clinical implications on the insertion technique of the pedicle screws. Study Design:

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Hsieh, Chang-Sheng, Sang-Ho Lee, Hyung Chang Lee, et al. "Congenital hypoplasia of the lumbar pedicle with spondylolisthesis: report of 2 cases." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 26, no. 4 (2017): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.8.spine151137.

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Congenital hypoplasia of the spinal pedicle is a rare condition. Previously reported cases were treated conservatively or with posterior instrumented fusion. However, the absence or hypoplasia of the lumbar pedicle may increase the difficulty of pedicle screw fixation and fusion. Herein, the authors describe 2 cases of rare adult congenital hypoplasia of the right lumbar pedicles associated with spondylolisthesis. The patients underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion with a stand-alone cage as well as percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. This method was used to avoid the difficulties associa

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Safia, Wasi, and Prasad Rashmi. "Determining the Various Dimensions of Lumbar Vertebral Pedicles in Adults and its Clinical in Various Surgical Procedures: Morphometric Assessment." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 16, no. 03 (2024): 563–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12792720.

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AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to measure the various dimensions in Indian adult human lumbar vertebralpedicles and to prepare data of lumbar pedicles useful in various surgical procedures.Methods: The study was implemented on 45 dry, fully ossified normal lumbar vertebral sets from the Departmentof Anatomy, Nalanda Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India from Jan 2023 to November 2023. For study purpose,all vertebrae were categorized into typical (L1 to L4) and atypical (L5). Exclusion of deformed vertebrae wasdone.Results: In present study, the mean length and height of pedicles

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Sigdel, Arun. "A Prospective Observational Study on Lumbar Spinal Canal Diameter, Vertebral Body Width and Pedicle Width and Height Measured in Plain X-Rays of Lumbar Spine in Normal Nepalese Adults." Civil Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.59338/cmj.1.

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Introduction: Determining the lumbar spinal canal diameter and the horizontal and vertical diameter of lumbar pedicles by using plain x-ray in different age groups, sex and ethnic groups in adult Nepalese population will simplify the transpedicular procedures in our country and can aid in making early diagnosis in persons who have lower diameters of lumbar spinal canal. Methods: The present study was conducted on 195 adult lumbar spine X-rays in the Department of Orthopedics of Civil Service Hospital. antero-posterior and lateral radiographs of lumbar spine were taken and the measurements were

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Lumbar pedicles"

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Keifer, Dorion Amanda. "Last lumbar facet and pedicle orientation in orthograde primates." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010491.

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Doulgeris, James. "Biomechanical Comparison of Titanium and Cobalt Chromium Pedicle Screw Rods in an Unstable Cadaveric Lumbar Spine." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4812.

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Pedicle screw-rod instrumentation is considered a standard treatment for spinal instability, and titanium is the most common material for this application. Cobalt-chromium has several advantages over titanium and is generating interest in orthopedic practice. The aim of this study was to compare titanium versus cobalt-chromium rods in posterior fusion, with and without transverse connectors, through in vitro biomechanical testing and determine the optimal configuration. Six cadaveric lumbar spines (L1-S1) were used. Posterior and middle column injuries were simulated at L3-L5 and different ped

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Buckenmeyer, Laura. "Optimization of Pedicle Screw Depth in the Lumbar Spine: Biomechanical Characterization of Screw Stability and Pullout Strength." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365099627.

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O'Donnell, James B. "A Biomechanical Comparison of an Interspinous Fixation Device and a Pedicle Screw and Rod System for Posterior Fixation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271342058.

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Sani, Hassan Yauri. "The morphometric description of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral pedicles in European, African and mixed population of South Africa." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25258.

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A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine, 2018<br>The use of pedicle screws fixation for surgical management of spinal disorders has become increasingly popular worldwide. Segmental pedicle screw fixations are used in spinal canal decompression surgery for various spine disorders such as scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, fractures, tumor and iatrogenic or degenerative instability. The main challenge to the use of pedicle screw can be due to mis

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Jun-XiangPeng and 彭俊翔. "Analysis of Anatomical Location of Lumbar Pedicle and Security of Pedicle Screw Insertion Using Medical Images." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46852m.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>土木工程學系<br>104<br>Pedicle screw fixation is a difficult and dangerous surgery, because the pedicle is irregular in shape and narrow in its diameter. In order to insert the screw correctly, the doctor must be very experienced and skillful. At present, this surgery still be operated in traditional way in Taiwan, it means that the doctor insert the screw by their experience. There are central nervous system and vein close to the pedicle. Once pedicle screw is inserted inappropriate and penetrates the cortical bone, it may cause damage to the nerve or vein, and it should be treated

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Goulet, Benoit G. "Lumbar-sacral pedicle screw insertion with preoperative CT-based navigation." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3615.

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Objectif: Nous avons effectué une étude chez 135 patients ayant subis une chirurgie lombo-sacrée avec vissage pédiculaire sous navigation par tomographie axiale. Nous avons évalué la précision des vis pédiculaires et les résultats cliniques. Méthodes: Cette étude comporte 44 hommes et 91 femmes (âge moyen=61, intervalle 24-90 ans). Les diamètres, longueurs et trajectoires des 836 vis ont été planifiés en préopératoire avec un système de navigation (SNN, Surgical Navigation Network, Mississauga). Les patients ont subi une fusion lombaire (55), lombo-sacrée (73) et thoraco-lombo-sacrée (7).

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Sahani, Rishikant. "Finite Element Analysis of Human Lumbar Vertebrae in Pedicle Screw Fixation." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7732/1/2015_FINITE_ELEMENT_Sahani.pdf.

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In totality of 100%, near about 85% of adult’s falls back pain, which directly related to their daily assignments and activities and 25% of people, reported lower back pain,which is associated with the vertebral compression. Spinal de-generation is also a medical situation which directly affecting men and women of different age groups.Spine injury is mostly found on vertebrae L1– L5 and corresponding intervertebral disk and in this analysis, the purposes of the present research are conclude the appropriate dimensions of pedicle screw (diameter and length) for its fixation in L2–L3-L4 vertebral

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Chang, Jie-Fu, and 張傑富. "Multiobjective Optimizational Study of Lumbar Pedicle Screw：Finite Element Analysis and Biomechanical Test." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99985583400634100818.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>98<br>Spinal instrumentations have been widely used to treat spinal trauma, diseases, and degradation. Clinically, breakage and loosening of the pedicle screws are the most important problems for fixation failure. Pedicle screw design can affect the bending and the pullout strength substantially. Therefore design of the pedicle screws should consider both bending strength and pullout strength simultaneously. The bending strength and pullout strength were contradictory to each other. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal design of the pedicle screw by mul

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Hsu, Fang-Chi, and 許芳娸. "The influence of DYNESYS with different lengths of pedicle screw on lumbar spine." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a9gfb6.

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Książki na temat "Lumbar pedicles"

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Pedicle Fixation Lumbar Spine (STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS:SPINE). Hanley & Belfus, 1992.

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Hughes, Jim. Neurological procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0016.

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Procedures for the correction or repair of damage to the nervous system can be daunting, and, in some centres, imaging for such cases may be performed only by more specialist radiographers. Here, a calm and methodical approach, combined with good communication with the surgical team, is the best technique to adopt. This chapter covers a selection of neurological procedures for remediation of injury to the spine, covering anterior plating of the cervical spine and pedicle screws and the fixation of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Each procedure includes images that demonstrate the position of th

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Części książek na temat "Lumbar pedicles"

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Steffen, Reinhard, Lutz-Peter Nolte, and Jürgen Krämer. "Comparative Study of Three Pedicle Screw Devices." In Lumbar Fusion and Stabilization. Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68234-9_29.

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Nakai, Sadaaki, Hidezo Yoshizawa, Kazuhiko Kenmotsu, Satoshi Nishimoto, and Tomofumi Morita. "Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: With and Without Pedicle Screw Fixation." In Lumbar Fusion and Stabilization. Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68234-9_21.

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Li, Zhiyu, Zhao Lang, and Wei Tian. "Robot-Assisted Lumbar Pedicle Screw Fixation." In Navigation Assisted Robotics in Spine and Trauma Surgery. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1846-1_12.

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Graham, C. Edmund. "Boucher Screw Fixation of the Spine: A Translaminar Pedicle Screw Technique." In Lumbar Fusion and Stabilization. Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68234-9_25.

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Yamagata, Masatsune, Hiroshi Kitahara, Shohei Minami, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Hideshige Moriya, and Tamotsu Tamaki. "Biomechanical Study of Pedicle Screw Fixation Systems for the Lumbar Spine." In Lumbar Fusion and Stabilization. Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68234-9_30.

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Di Lorenzo, Nicola, and Francesco Cacciola. "Percutaneous Pedicle Screws in the Lumbar Spine." In Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Lumbar Spine. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5280-4_9.

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Cecchinato, Riccardo, and Claudio Lamartina. "3D Printed Tubular Guides for Pedicle Screw Fixation." In Modern Thoraco-Lumbar Implants for Spinal Fusion. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60143-4_5.

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Rodts, Jr., G. E. "Percutaneous Lumbar Pedicle Screws: Indications,Technique, Results." In Advances in Spinal Stabilization. KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000072643.

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Yuan, Qiang, Nan Li, Jie Yu, and Wei Tian. "Cortical Bone Trajectory for Lumbar Pedicle Screws Placement." In Navigation Assisted Robotics in Spine and Trauma Surgery. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1846-1_16.

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Wen, Xinxin, Yabo Yan, and Wei Lei. "Lumbar Pedicle Screw Fixation Techniques and Their Applications." In Internal Fixation of the Spine. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1562-7_9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Lumbar pedicles"

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Li, Lei, Zhaohua Chang, Xuelian Gu, and Chengli Song. "Design and Research of Interspinous Lumbar Non-Fusion Device." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32064.

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Objective: Long term clinical data showed that lumbar fusion for Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) therapy could change the loads of disc and articular facet and increase the motion of adjacent segments which lead to facet arthropathy and adjacent level degeneration. This study is to design and analyze an interspinous process device (IPD) that could prevent adjacent level degeneration in the LSS and LDD therapy. Method: The IPD was designed based on anatomical parameters measured from 3D CT images directly. The IPD was inserted at the validated finite element mode

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Buckenmeyer, Laura E., Kristophe J. Karami, Ata M. Kiapour, Vijay K. Goel, Teck M. Soo, and Constantine K. Demetropoulos. "Optimization of Pedicle Screw Depth in the Lumbar Spine." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14322.

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Optimization of pedicle screw insertion depth for ideal fixation and fusion remains a clinical challenge. Improved screw purchase may improve fixation strength 1, which is especially critical in an osteoporotic patient population. Extended screw insertion depths, up to and through the anterior cortex, have yet to be compared to more commonly used shorter pedicle screws in a laboratory controlled series of experiments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate screw purchase in the osteoporotic lumbar spine as a function of insertion depth, which may be used to optimize pedicle screw-rod constru

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Kiapour, A., and V. K. Goel. "Effect of Pedicle Lengthening Screw on Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19358.

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Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is a common cause of back and leg pain which occurs as the lumbar spinal canal narrows. The current surgical treatment for many patients with spinal stenosis is surgical decompression and spinal fusion with instrumentation. However there are several drawbacks associated with fusion surgeries including degenerative effect at segments adjacent to the fusion in long run [1,2]. Pedicle lengthening device is a new technology which is designed to be applied for treatment of spinal stenosis and replace the traditional fusion techniques.

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Tia, Samuel Q., Jennifer M. Buckley, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Jeffrey C. Lotz, and Shane Burch. "A Novel Technique for Measuring Pedicle Screw Forces In Situ." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192219.

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Long posterior fusion constructs in the lumbar spine cause substantial posteriorly directed loading of the supporting pedicle screws, particularly during patient bending activities. Although there are numerous documented accounts of clinical failure at the pedicle screw-bone interface [1,2], the in situ pull-out strength of pedicle screws in long surgical constructs has not been characterized. Previous biomechanical studies have quantified pedicle screw pull-out force in cadaveric models through destructive testing or in nondestructive cases, through the use of custom-machined pedicle screws i

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Buckenmeyer, Laura E., Kristophe J. Karami, Ata M. Kiapour, Vijay K. Goel, Constantine K. Demetropoulos, and Teck M. Soo. "Biomechanical Effects of Lumbar Pedicle Screw Insertion Depth on Screw Loosening and Fulcrum Location." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14324.

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Osteoporosis is a critical challenge in orthopedic surgery. Osteoporotic patients have an increased risk of loosening and failure of implant constructs due to a weaker bone-implant interface than with healthy bone. Pullout strength of pedicle screws is enhanced by increased screw insertion depth. However, more knowledge is needed to define optimal pedicle screw insertion depth in relation to screw-bone interface biomechanics and the resulting loosening risk. This study evaluates the effects of screw length on loosening risk in the osteoporotic lumbar spine.

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Chu, Bryant, Jeremi Leasure, and Dimitriy Kondrashov. "Selective Densitometry of the Lumbar Spine." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14218.

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Bone mineral density (BMD) has been identified as a major factor in spine construct strength, with failures resulting in pedicle screw loosening and pullout2. Computed tomography (CT) scans have been shown to effectively measure BMD1,4. Previous research has utilized this linear correlation of CT Hounsfield Units (HU) to BMD in order to determine BMD as a function of anatomic location within cervical vertebrae1; however, the lumbar spine has not yet been reported on. The goal of this study was to describe BMD of anatomical regions within lumbar vertebrae using the correlation between HU and BM

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Cheng, Yike, Ji-Le Jiang, Ning Zhang, Hengjun Zhao, and Zhiming Liu. "Automatic Lumbar Vertebra Landmark Localization and Segmentation for Pedicle Screw Placement." In 2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956489.

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Liddle, Kate D., Michael A. Tufaga, Glenn Diekmann, et al. "Assessment of Cancellous Bone Strength in the Lumbar Spine Using a “Smart” Ball-Tip Probe." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19121.

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Failure of the pedicle screw at the screw-bone interface is a common clinical problem, particularly in the setting of osteoporosis, and poses reconstructive challenges for all orthopaedic surgeons. Pedicle screw failure through screw loosing and pull-out is highly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) and local bone quality [1]. Pre-operative assessment of BMD via dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been shown to help determine the need for screw augmentation. However, patients frequently present without pre-operative DEXA scans. Furthermore, DEXA scans provide a measure of general bone

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Kiapour, A., J. O’Donnell, V. K. Goel, and A. Biyani. "Comparison of Biomechanics of Lumbar-Pelvis Segment With Posterior Screw-Rod Versus Interspinous Plate Fixation System." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19356.

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Spinal fusion is the traditional surgical option to improve the clinical outcome of patients with advanced lumbar degenerative disease. Various techniques including posterolateral arthrodesis, interbody arthrodesis, and circumferential arthrodesis are being pursued as fusion strategies to eliminate segmental instability, which is a recognized cause of low back pain [1]. There are several drawbacks associated with pedicle-screw fixation constructs including failure of implant components and back-out of the screws [2,3].

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Mehta, A., A. Faizan, A. Kiapour, J. Jangra, V. K. Goel, and B. Hoy. "Comparing the Kinematics of Lumbar Spine: Anatomic Facet Replacement System (AFRS™) vs. Rigid Fixation System." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176608.

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Problems associated with spinal fusion such as adjacent level degeneration and donor site pain have shifted the focus to motion preservation technologies. The Anatomic Facet Replacement System (AFRS™) (Facet Solutions, Inc., Logan, Utah) attempts to address posterior lumbar spine pathologies while preserving stability and natural biomechanics thereby mitigating any potential adjacent level effects resulting from the reduction or elimination of motion as seen in semi-constrained dynamic stabilization and fusion devices. The AFRS™ is comprised of a precision instrumentation set whose design is b

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