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Ulvé, Ronan. "Caractérisation moléculaire et cellulaire des lymphomes canins : modèles précliniques prédictifs des lymphomes homologues humains". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B045.
Pełny tekst źródłaLymphomas are among the most common cancers in humans and dogs. They show strong clinical, histological and response homologies to treatments. In the current context, new generation sequencing (NGS) methods allow identification of many genetic alterations needed for the diagnosis, prognosis and development of targeted therapies. However, the development of new molecules encounters a high proportion of failure in clinical studies. This finding is due in part to the use of models that are not reflect all aspects of the disease occurring in humans. In dogs, artificial selection done by humans means that today, many breeds have predispositions to lymphomas and even to certain subtypes. This characteristic makes the dog a relevant spontaneous model both for the study of the genetic basis of lymphomas and for the development of new molecules for humans with veterinary clinical trials. My thesis work consisted in the genetic characterization of canine lymphomas to propose predictive models of human homologous lymphomas. Following a collection step of a large number of lymphomas cases, I worked on the improvement of a diagnostic test to subtype B or T lymphomas based on amplification called PARR. I also showed a familial transmission of lymphomas in the Bernese Mountain Dog, which allows me to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 63 affected dogs and 167 healthy dogs. I identified several loci on chromosomes 9, 15 and 23, the last one including the MYD88 gene known to be involved in human lymphomas. I have also discovered by different NGS approaches (RNA-Seq and Capture targeted) recurrent genetic alterations shared between the Man and the dog. Among these, I have identified gene fusions between immunoglobulins and cyclins D: 3 cases for CCND3 and 1 case for CCND1. I also found strong recurrences of alterations involving the oncogenes KDR, MYC or UBR5 as well as the tumor suppressor genes POT1, PTEN or TP53. Since these events are associated with aggressive or resistant lymphomas in humans, canine lymphomas are thus of major interest as a spontaneous model. Finally, I have carried out in vitro tests of molecules, which can be carried out from the CLBL-1 cell line or from primary cell cultures characterized by NGS. This preliminary step allows us to consider veterinary clinical trials with owners dogs with lymphomas. This approach is part of the "One Health" concept, which aims to bring this research to human and veterinary medicine
Vergier, Béatrice. "Intérêts de la microdissection unicellulaire dans l'étude des lymphomes". Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28871.
Pełny tekst źródłaLymphomas consist of heterogenous cells making necessary the use of unicellular analysis. So, we have developed single cell microdissection and adapted PCR analysis to study at single cell level several molecular events. After a whole genome amplification step, we have designed a single cell combined TCR γ (sensibility, 28 %), IGH (sensibility, 40 %) gene analysis and t(14 ; 18) detection. We applied this method to analyse different problems. Firstly the bigenotypic lymphomas : we have observed a dual genotype in 13 % of B-cell lymphomas among the 398 lymphoma cases. This single cell combined PCR approach allowed to identify, among 4 cases studied, 2 true bigenotypic lymphomas (one Sézary Syndrome and one mantle cell lumphoma) as both IgH and TCR γ monoclonal rearrangements were detected in the same cells. Conversely, in the 2 other cases (one diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and one angio-immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma), large CD22 + single cells exhibited only the monoclonal IgH rearrangement but not the TCR γ gene that was detected in CD3+ single cells. Secondly this approach was found useful for the molecular follow-up of different lymphoproliferations arising in same patient. We studied a patient who have presented first MALT Lymphoma (EBV -) then mediastinal Hodgkin disease (EBV +) and at last large B-cell lymphoma of the colon (EBV+). Our method, proved the common clonal origin of large cells despite the fact that they were morphologically and phenotypically (CD30 + or-, CD22 + or -, EBV+ or -) different. Lastly, we studied the t(14 ; 18) in follicular B-cells lymphoma by comparing 2 techniques (real-time PCR, Taqman vs "classic" PCR). Finally, this single cell/multiple gene analysis makes it possible to attribute specific genetic abnormalities, such as translocations and/or oncogenic alterations, to lymphoid cells defined both by their location, morphology, phenotype and their antigen receptor gene rearrangement
Markozashvili, Diana. "Organisation nucléaire et régulation transcriptionnelle dans les lymphomes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS160/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare aggressive lymphoma caused by the chromosome translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) juxtaposing the cyclin D1 (CCND1) locus on chr 11 with the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus on chr 14. As a result, a proto-oncogene cyclin D1 which is not expressed in normal B-cells, becomes active. The initial hypothesis favored direct influence of the strong IgH enhancer on CCND1 gene promoter to upregulate its transcription. However, the CCND1 locus may be as far as 200 kb from the chromosome breakpoint. We have shown that 11q13 locus relocalizes from the nucleus periphery towards the transcriptionally active center and nucleolus (Allinne et al., 2014). This may lead to activation of the entire locus, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation in MCL, rather than just simple enhancer-promoter effect.Several new treatments are proposed for MCL, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) with epigenetic mechanism of action. In MCL cell lines, HDACis were shown to have antiproliferative effects, and paradoxically, they decreased the cyclin D1 protein level in the cells. Until now, there is no clear understanding of this phenomenon, nor of HDACis mechanism of action. Therefore, a study of «epigenetic landscape» in 11q13 and 14q32 loci should significantly advance our knowledge about the mechanisms of cyclin D1 upregulation in MCL.The purpose of the present work was to study chromatin structure in the rearranged (11;14)(q13;q32) locus in MCL cells as compared to the 11q13 and 14q32 loci in normal human lymphocytes. We then studied the effect of different HDACis on the rearranged (11;14)(q13;q32) locus at several levels: histone acetylation / methylation, chromatin conformation and gene expression.We have shown that t(11:14)(q13;q32) translocation leads to overexpression of CCND1 along with a group of genes spanning over 15 Mb around the translocation point. The same genes, sensitive to deregulation by t(11;14) translocation, react to the HDACi treatment by increasing their expression. Importantly, while HDACi stimulates genome-wide disaggregation of heterochromatin, genes’ promoters stay shielded from its effect
Loreau, Emilie. "Identification de gènes impliqués dans le développement des Lymphomes Cutanés Primitifs CD30+". Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe CD30+ Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma (PCL) is a malignant T-cells lymphoproliferation. Its oncogenesis remains currently unknown. The aim of my thesis is to identify genes expressed specifically in CD30+ PCL in order to understand the mechanisms of oncogenesis and also to identify diagnostic or therapeutics markers. The substracted libraries of cDNA are obtained by SSH (suppressive substractive hybridisation) between CD30+ PCL and blood lymphocytes. These libraries are then screened by dot blot techniques with specific radiolabelled probes of the studied samples. The selected clones are finally validated by real time PCR. We have thus found five genes over expressed in CD30+ PCL : THW, p120catenin, SPARC, PTTG1, and CD30 and five genes under expressed : humanin, CIN85, Bcl11B, CD30L and CD30s. It remains to be checked if these genes are responsible for oncogenesis or if they are uniquely phenotypes of CD30+PCL
Prochazkova, Martina. "Recherche d'anomalies cytogénétiques spécifiques des lymphomes T cutanés primitifs". Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21046.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrimary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoproliferations, presenting in the skin at the time of diagnosis. Primary cutaneous CD30-positive large T-cell lymphomas (CD30+ CTCL) represent 9 % of all PCL. The prognosis of CD30+ CTCL is usually favourable, in contrast to mycosis fungoI͏̈DE transformed to CD30+ CTCL (MF-T). As cytogenetic abnormalities that could play a role in CD30+ CTCL and MF-T remain unknown, we investigated the chromosomal aberrations involved in these lymphoproliferations by the use of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) In addition, we established a protocol for PCL cell culture in order to obtain tumour chromosomes spreads allowing karyotype analysis by G-banding and multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization. CGH study was performed in a series of 17 CD30+ CTCL tumour skin samples. We demonstrated that chromosomal abnormalities were non-randomly distributed between relapsing and non-relapsing CD30+ CTCL tumours. In relapsing tumours several chromosome alterations were identified, whereas in non-relapsing tumours no chromosome aberration or only one chromosome abnormality was observed. In relapsing tumours, the mean number of chromosome imbalances is 8 per tumour sample. Gains affecting chromosomes 1,9 and 17, and losses on chromosomes 6, 8 and 18 are detected recurrently in CD30+ CTCL cells. Moreover in a series of six MF-T tumour samples was also performed a CGH analysis. In this preliminary study our results showed differences between chromosome imbalances found in CD30+ CTCL and MF-T. Although further molecular and cytogenetic studies of PCL tumours are required to increase the number of tumor samples analysed and to define minimal chromosome region of deletion and gain, data presented here provide original insight into chromosomal events that may be significant in explaining PCL pathogenesis and could lead to the identification of genes implicated in PCL progression
Gachard, Nathalie. "Etude moléculaire des lymphomes B indolents : exemple des lymphomes de la zone marginale et de la maladie de Waldenström". Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/69545d39-f061-48b4-8ff3-5f185f51be2c/blobholder:0/2012LIMO310I.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IgH) is a complex genetic structure that undergoes many genetic recombinations during B cell maturation and B cell lymphomas. Marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) are B cell neoplasms with common morphologic and pathogenic features. Three distinct subtypes are described, based on the primary infiltrated organ: splenic MZL (SMZL), nodal MZL (NMZ and extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). MZLs share common characteristics with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). Here, we analysed the IGHV gene repertoire consisting in determination of IGHV usage, somatic mutation pattern, distribution of mutations and analysis of VDJ junction. We, first, compared 11 cases of SMZL and 14 cases of LPL/WM on homogeneous material consisting of infiltrated bone marrow trephine biopsies. In a second step, we performed a retrospective analysis of IGHV gene sequences and identified the occurrence of MYD88 L265P mutations from MZLs and 31 LPL/WMs from tumor material of initial infiltration. We highlighted specific genetic criteria for SMZL, NMZL and LPL/WM. Altogether, we showed that SMZLs, NMZLs, and LPL/WM are distinct entities with different antigen exposure histories and that the MYD88 L265P mutation is nearly restricted to LPL/WMs. We evidenced the specific features of the IGVH gene repertoire of each of these three entities. We also proposed unambiguous diagnosis keys for these lymphomas. We discuss the hypothesis role a continuous antigenic stimulation as a important player in the occurrence of these tumours. We also discuss their relationship with autoimmunity and speculate on their normal counterpart. Future directions of this work would be to focus on the NF-kappa B signaling pathways involved in the emergence of the clonal transformed B cells
Ghesquières, Hervé. "Étude des polymorphismes génétiques des gènes des cytokines dans les lymphomes hodgkiniens". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846981.
Pełny tekst źródłaBastard, Christian. "Contribution à la caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle physiopathologique dans les lymphomes malins non-hodgkiniens". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUE02NR.
Pełny tekst źródłaJardin, Fabrice. "Rôle du proto-oncogène BCL6 dans l'oncogénèse des lymphomes de phénotype B". Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe BCL6 proto-oncogene, located on 3q37 chromosome, encodes a nuclear transcriptional repressor, which plays a pivotal role in germinal center formation, regulation of B-cell function, differentiation and survival. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of BCL6 during the development of B-cells lymphomas. In this work, we demonstrated that (1) BCL6 expression in lymphomas is largely inependant of chromosome 3q27 rearrangements and is more related to the histological subtype, (2) lymphomas with t(3;14)5q27;q32) are characterized by a common cell of origin and the involvement of similar oncogenic mechanisms, (3) acquired somatic mutations of the first BCL6 intron do not correlate to the protein expression in follicular lymphomas, (4) the translocated BCL6 allele revealed significantly higher mutations when compared to the untranslocated allele, indicating that the two events, i. E somatic mutations and translocations may have linked origins
Deweindt, Clotilde. "Caractérisation moléculaire de l'oncogène LAZ3, impliqué dans les translocations récurrentes de la région chromosomique 3q27, dans les lymphomes non hodgkiniens". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10128.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeseux, Ludivine. "Mécanismes d'action du rituximab dans les lymphomes folliculaires : implication du module mTOR". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20652.
Pełny tekst źródłaNon-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the most commonly occurring malignant blood diseases. Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are the most representative of NHL. FL is characterized by t(14;18) which induces Bcl-2 overexpression. Despite the significant progress that have been made, for the most due to the introduction of Rituximab (RTX), a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, combined with chemotherapy, further efforts are needed to identify new molecular tagets. In a first part, we identified mTOR as a key regulator of lymphomagenesis. We demonstrated the critical role of SYK in NHL survival as its inhibition totally abrogated mTOR activity and cell clonogenicity. This study revealed SYK as a potent new target of NHL treatment. In a second part, we identified mTOR as a new target of RTX. Indeed, we showed that RTX inhibited the PKC -MAPK module. Moreover, we observed that rapamycin and RTX have additive effect on FL cell viability
Baseggio, Lucile. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation de la production de TNF chez les patients atteints de lymphome". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T147.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouzelfen, Abdelilah. "Étude du gène HACE1 dans les lymphomes B". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeveral B-cell lymphomas have characteristic genetic abnormalities that are important in determining their biologic features and can be useful in differential diagnosis. Historically, classical Hodgkin lymphomas have been distinguished from non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The most common types are follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which together make up more than 60% of all lymphomas. DBCL are aggressive but potentially curable with multi-agent chemotherapy. However the putative tumor suppressor genes (TSG) responsible for lymphomagenesis still remain unknown. The rational of this project was based on unpublished data from the translational project GHEDI (Deciphering the Genetic Heterogeneity of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era). Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) (Agilent 180 K) was performed in a series of 202 DLBCL and found 40% of deletions of 6q21 region, whose minimal commune deleted region (MCR) contains HACE1 gene. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis showed a significant correlation between gene copy number and expression level. HACE1, located on chromosome 6q, encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase and is downregulated in human tumors such as neuroblastomas and natural killer (NK) lymphomas. HACE1 has been shown to ubiquitylate Rac1, a protein involved in cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle progression. The function of HACE1 and the factors involved in its transcriptional regulation are largely unknown in the context of B-cell lymphomas. In this study, we investigated whether HACE1 is a candidate gene in the 6q genomic region involved in DLBCL lymphomagenesis. We determined the frequency of HACE1 inactivation in B-cell lymphoma and analyzed the mechanisms involved in its silencing. We show, by RT-qPCR, that HACE1 gene is constitutively expressed in normal lymph nodes and in normal B-cells isolated from peripheral blood, contrasting with a strong downregulation of its expression in more than 70% (77/111) of B-cell lymphoma cases and in four tested B-Lymphoma cell lines. HACE1 gene copy number was assessed by quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) and array for comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in 91 DLBCL cases
Guenat, David. "Etude de la prédisposition génétique au cancer dans le syndrome de Williams-Beuren". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3008.
Pełny tekst źródłaWilliams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion at 7q11.23. The case of a young girl with WBS who developed a Burkitt lymphoma at the age of 7 leads us to explore the genetic link between WBS and cancer. The study of a series of cancers occurred in WBS patients during childhood have shown that B-cell non hodgkin lymphoma are over-represented in this population since 73% cancer cases in WBS were B-NHL. The critical region of WBS was explored by array-CGH and high-throughput sequencing in normal and tumor samples from WBS patients. No loss of heterozygosity at 7q11.23 was found. ln addition, a somatic deletion at 7q11.23 was observed in a sporadic case of Burkitt lymphoma (Guenat D et al., J Hematol Oncol, 2014). DNA damage response mechanisms were then explored in primary fibroblast cell lines derived from WBS patients as well as in 293T cell line treated with siRNA targeting RFC2, GTF2/ and BAZ1 B, 3 genes mapping at 7q11.23 that encode proteins involved in DNA damage response. WBS patients cell lines have shown a defect in ATM/ ATR-dependent DNA damage response pathways (Guenat D et al., DNA Repair, article submitted). Haploinsufficiency of the 7q11.23 region associated with WBS might play a role in B-cell lymphomagenesis through the alteration of ATM/ATR-dependent DNA damage response pathways. However, these results deserve to be confirmed in mouse models that reproduce the complete genotype of human WBS. Finally, strong epidemiological data would be required to confirm the predisposition to cancer in WBS patients
Roulland, Sandrine. "Translocation T(14;18) dans les lymphocytes périphériques d'individus en bonne santé : cinétique d'évolution et influence de l'exposition professionnelle agricole". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN4063.
Pełny tekst źródłaDubois, Sydney. "Profilage moléculaire des Lymphomes Diffus à Grandes Cellules B : vers une médecine personnalisée". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR09.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, with approximately 4000 new cases per year in France. Over the past decade, high-throughput techniques have revolutionized the genomic landscape of DLBCL. Indeed, gene expression profiling has highlighted different molecular subtypes of DLBCL, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has identified recurrent somatic mutations, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has discovered emblematic copy number variations. Importantly, in many cases these alterations impact potentially actionable targets, thus affording novel personalized therapy opportunities. The work presented herein aimed to detail the heterogeneous molecular profiles of LDGCB, focusing on the detection of alterations with strong theranostic impact, in order to better tailor patients’ targeted therapy regimens. First, we demonstrated the possibility of developing a targeted NGS panel, which was informative for the vast majority of patients analyzed and fully applicable in daily clinical practice. Next, the profiles of patients harboring EZH2 or MYD88 mutations were scrutinized given that these alterations are actionable by EZH2 or NFkB pathway inhibitors currently in development. Finally, our work led to the integration of data from diverse molecular profiling techniques in the hopes of isolating more precise subgroups of patients to target, as we advance towards the personalized medicine era in DLBCL
Debled, Marc. "Mise au point d'une méthode de PCR quantitative pour l'étude de la maladie résiduelle dans les lymphomes folliculaires : approche de son intérêt clinique". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23072.
Pełny tekst źródłaNocturne, Gaetane. "Mécanismes de la lymphomagenèse au cours des maladies auto-immunes : rôle de la génétique, de l'activité de la maladie et des traitements". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS213/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThree major systemic autoimmune diseases (AID), rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), have consistently been associated with the development of B‑cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The objective of this thesis was to study the mechanisms leading to lymphoma development in patients with AID. First, we have demonstrated that disease activity assessed by ESSDAI and positivity of rheumatoid factor (RF) were 2 independent predictors of lymphoma in pSS patients. Then, we have shown that CXCL13 and CCL11 serum levels were associated with lymphoma complicating pSS. CXCL13 was independently associated with disease activity. Second, we have assessed the role of genetic abnormalities of TNFAIP3 which encoded A20, a central gatekeeper of NF-kB. We have found that ¾ of pSS patients with MALT lymphomas had functional abnormalities of TNFAIP3 of somatic or germline origin. It demonstrates the major consequences of subtle germline abnormalities in gene involved in the control of NF-kB pathway in the context of chronic antigenic stimulation. Again, in lymphoma complicating hepatitis C, another situation of chronic antigenic stimulation, we found that a missense variant of TNFAIP3 was associated with the presence of RF in patients with lymphoma. Last, we have studied the impact of anti-TNF on development of AID associated lymphomas. In vitro, we found that chronic exposure to anti-TNF negatively impact anti-lymphoma activity of NK cells. In vivo, in mice transgenic for BAFF, we have found that mice treated with anti-TNF had a decreased survival. Studies are ongoing to determine the cause of this increased mortality. To sum up, this work demonstrates the key role of diseases activity and notably of chronic antigenic stimulation of auto-reactive B cell in lymphomas complicating AID. In this context, genetic impairment of check-point controlling B cell activation or decreased immunosurveillance induced by some immunosuppressive drugs may promote lymphomatous escape of auto-reactive B cell
Gapihan, Guillaume. "Etude du cluster oncogénique miR17-92 dans les lymphomes B agressifs humains". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC321.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrimary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) shares pathological features with diffuselarge B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and molecular features with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The miR-17-92 oncogenic cluster, located at chromosome 13q31, is a region that is amplified in DLBCL. Here we compared the expression of each member of the miR-17-92 oncogenic cluster insamples from 40 PMBL patients versus 20 DLBCL and 20 cHL patients, and studied the target genes linked to deregulated miRNA in PMBL. We found a higher level of miR-92a in PMBL than in DLBCL, but not in cHL. Acombination of in silico prediction and transcriptomic analyses enabled us to identify FOXP1 as a main miR-92a target gene in PMBL, a result so far not established. This was confirmed by 3’UTR, and RNA and protein expressions in transduced cell lines. In vivo studies using the transduced cell lines in mice enabled us to demonstrate a tumor suppressor effect of miR-92aand an oncogenic effect of FOXP1. The higher expression of miR-92a and the down regulation of FOXP1 mRNA and proteinwere also found in human samples of PMBL, while miR-92a expression was low and FOXP1was high in DLBCL. We concluded to a post-transcriptional regulation by miR-92a through FOXP1 targeting in PMBL, with a clinico-pathological relevance for better characterisation of PMBL
Bernardin, Florence. "Etude de la région préferentiellement réarrangée du gène LAZ3-BCL6 dans les lymphomes-non-hodgkiniens : mise en évidence de séquences conservées délétées chez deux patients". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-71.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVillalva, Grégoire Claire. "Profil d'expression génique dans les lymphomes anaplasiques à grandes cellules NPM-ALK positifs". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30201.
Pełny tekst źródłaBourgeois, Clotilde. "Méthodes de détection du virus d'Epstein Barr dans les lymphomes non hodgkiniens du SIDA". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P204.
Pełny tekst źródłaDumortier, Alexis. "Analyse des dérégulations d'expression génique associées au développement de lymphomes T chez des souris déficientes pour le gène Ikaros". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/DUMORTIER_Alexis_2003.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIkaros is a zinc finger transcription factor which is an essential regulator of lymphopoiesis. Different mutations in the Ikaros locus lead to T lymphoma development, suggesting that Ikaros is a tumor suppressor gene. Homozygote IkL/L mice expressing a hypomorphic mutation of Ikaros develop T lymphomas between 3 and 6 months of age. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these tumors are still ill-defined. Transcriptome analyses of IkL/L tumors show an up-regulation of several genes of the Notch signaling pathway. This deregulation is also observed in early tumors, suggesting that deregulation of the Notch pathway is an early event in IkL/L tumor development. Re-expression of a normal Ikaros protein in IkL/L tumor-derived cell lines downregulates several Notch genes, suggesting that Ikaros directly modulates the expression of some Notch genes. Moreover, the re-expression of Ikaros in the cell lines triggers an arrest in tumor cell growth in vitro. These results show that thymocytes with a reduction in Ikaros activity are more susceptible T lymphoma development, and that Ikaros and Notch could cooperate during T lymphocyte transformation
Dallery-Prudhomme, Emmanuelle. "Clonage et caractérisation du gène RhoH/TTF, impliqué dans des translocations chromosomiques récurrentes dans les lymphomes non-Hodgkiniens : étude préliminaire de la protéine RhoH, une protéine fixant le GTP". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-419.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJallades, Laurent. "Caractérisation moléculaire des délétions du chromosome 7q dans les lymphomes B de la zone marginale splénique". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10342.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe chromosome 7q deletion is the most characteristic alteration in splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). High-resolution genome-focused approach was performed on 27 SMZL samples to identify submicroscopic genetic alterations on chromosome 7q. A 10.6 Mb-length common deleted region (CDR) of chromosome 7q was precisely delineated and a somatic microdeletion of the S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase-like 2 (AHCYL2) gene was further detected within the CDR, defining the most frequent finding in this series (10/27, 37%) and the smallest CDR on chromosome 7q32. Although the sequencing of AHCYL2 gene did not show any evidence of somatic mutation, the monoallelic AHCYL2 gene deletion was directly correlated with underexpression of AHCYL2 transcripts, indicating a typical pattern of haploinsufficiency. The precise role of AHCYL2 remains unknown, but some data suggest that the AHCY-like proteins may regulate the activity of AHCY (S adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase) and consequently may affect the methylation metabolism. In addition, we report on a DNMT3A-R882H mutation (1/27, 3.7%) for the first time in SMZL. These findings suggest that methylation pathway dysfunction may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of SMZL
Shkreli, Marina. "Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle de la sous-unité ARN virale de la télomérase, vTR, codée par le virus de la maladie de Marek et des sous-unités cellulaires aviaires, chTR chTERT, de la télomérase". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4028.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarek’s disease virus (MDV) induces a highly malignant T-lymphoma in chickens. The viral genome encodes a viral telomerase RNA subunit (vTR). The telomerase complex consists of a protein subunit (TERT) and a RNA subunit (TR). The active complex compensates for the progressive telomere shortening that occurs during mitosis. An up-regulation of telomerase activity is associated with an increase in vTR gene expression in chickens infected with MDV. The thesis work focused on transcriptional regulation of vTR, chTR and chTERT. We demonstrated that vTR promoter is up to 2-fold more efficient than the chTR promoter in avian cells. Furthermore, transactivation assays and ChIP assays demonstrated the involvement of the c-Myc oncoprotein in the transcriptional regulation of vTR through the E-box 3 element. Otherwise, the study of chTERT promoter activity showed that a c-Myb element is involved in the repression of chTERT expression in avian cells
Soubeyran, Pierre. "Suivi de la maladie résiduelle circulante dans les lymphomes folliculaires par l'étude de la translocation t(14;18) : intérêt de l'analyse de l'expression du gène hybride bcl-2/IgH et de la quantification des cellules circulantes". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28455.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouzid, Makhlouf. "Polymorphisme génétique du virus d'Epstein-Barr en Afrique du Nord : étude dans le carcinome du rhinopharynx, la maladie de Hodgkin et les lymphomes malins non-Hodgkiniens". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10111.
Pełny tekst źródłaHonorat, Jean-François. "Rôle de la tyrosine phosphatase SHP1 dans la régulation de l'oncogène NPM-ALK des lymphomes anaplasiques à grandes cellules". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/449/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas are a distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that affect mostly children and young adults. They represent 10 to 15% of pediatrics' lymphomas and are characterized by the expression of an oncogene with a strong tyrosine kinase activity. This oncoprotein is encoded by hybrid mRNA resulting from different chromosomal translocations. The most frequent is the t(2 ;5) which induces the fusion of the nucleophosmin gene (NPM) and the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene which encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor. The chimeric protein NPM-ALK is responsible for the constitutive activation of mitogenic and antiapoptotic pathways which lead to cellular transformation. Several proteins tyrosine-phosphatases that regulate the level of intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation, are described to downregulate the oncogenic potential. We chose to study SHP1 (Src homology protein tyrosine phosphatase 1) which is largely expressed in hematopoietic cells and implicated in pathways that negatively regulate lymphocyte activation. The expression of this phosphatase is often lost in hematopoietic diseases and SHP1 is proposed to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. In a first part of this study, we have demonstrated the critical role played by SHP1 in the negative regulation of the oncogenic potential of NPM-ALK. Tyrosine phosphatase activity assays showed that SHP1 activity is inversely correlated with the NPM-ALK tyrosine phosphorylation level. Then, we show that SHP1 is associated with NPM-ALK, which is a SHP1 substrate. SHP1 is able to negatively regulate the oncogenic potential of NPM-ALK leading to a decrease of cellular proliferation and tumoral growth. A co-localisation of the two proteins has been observed in granular cytosplasmic structures. These granules had never been described before this work. Nevertheless, their structure and function are not known yet and have to be studied. Using tissue microarray including 40 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphomas from patients, we showed that SHP1 was expressed in 50% of cases. .
Colomba, Audrey. "Rôle des GTPases de la famille Rho et de leurs régulateurs dans les propriétés transformantes des lymphomes anaplasiques NPM-ALK positifs". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/18/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThieblemont, Catherine. "Contribution à l'analyse des anomalies génétiques impliquées dans la lymphomagénèse". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T051.
Pełny tekst źródłaBun, Mylène. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires induits par l’activation de la voie de signalisation NOTCH2 dans les lymphomes B de la zone marginale de la rate (SMZL) NOTCH-Induced MYC Expression Is Required for Marginal Zone Lymphoma Cell Survival". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL067.
Pełny tekst źródłaSplenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a indoldent B-cell neoplasm lymphoma involving the spleen and bone marrow that affects mostly old people (65 yo). SMZL patients manifest a splenomegaly and a cytopenia. In 15% of the case, autoimmune manifestations are found. Studies based on mutational analysis have highlighted a specific and recurrent mutation in 25% of the case in NOTCH2 signaling pathway. This mutation truncates the PEST domain, which is crucial for NOTCH2 intracellular domain degradation, and so the activation arrest. Hence this somatic gain-of-function mutation leads to an over-activation of NOTCH2 signaling in SMZL. Molecular mechanisms induced by NOTCH2 in the pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, identifying NOTCH2 direct target genes may allow establishment of targeted therapies to treat SMZL patients mutated in NOTCH2 signaling. All along my PhD study, I aimed to identify NOTCH2 direct target genes induced in SMZL. First, I characterized Ri-1 cell line as a relevant cell model for my study. Then, to identify transcriptional changes induced by NOTCH2 in SMZL, RNA-seq was performed. From these data, among genes that were significantly re-expressed, I identified the oncogene MYC as a potential NOTCH2 direct target gene. Beside, to probe epigenetic factors associated with oncogenes, ShRNA screen was performed. We have highlighted that MYC expression was significantly repressed. To confirm these data, MYC depletion was done using ShMYC. These data are consistent with the shRNA screen data. When MYC expression is repressed, there is a significant decrease of cell proliferation and growth. To validate these data, an MYC-independent NOTCH2 expression was endogenously induced using CRISPRa technology in the condition where NOTCH2 activity is inhibited. We have demonstrated that MYC –independent NOTCH2 expression restores cancer cell survival when NOTCH2 activity is repressed. Hence, in this study, I showed that MYC expression is required for cell growth, cell proliferation and cell survival. Moreover, identifying MYC as a potential NOTCH2 direct target gene allows a better understanding of molecular mechanisms induced in SMZL pathogenesis
Greenland, Catherine. "Expression de la protéine chimérique NPM-ALK dans les cellules lymphoi͏̈des : effet sur l'apoptose et la transformation cellulaire". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30175.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarge cell anaplastic lymphoma is characterised in 75% of cases by the presence of a chromosomal translocation, the t(2;5)(p23;q35). This translocation fuses the nucleophosmin gene (NPM) (chr 5) to the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene. The NPM-ALK chimera is an oncogenic protein. Clinical studies, however, show that the expression of ALK is linked to a better prognosis for the patient as these tumours are chemosensitive, even though the frequency of relapses shows that some cells remain chemoresistant. .
Bertrand, Sarah. "Séquençage ciblé en tant qu'outil diagnostique et pronostique dans le lymphome à cellules du manteau". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV033.
Pełny tekst źródłaLymphoma is a cancer of the lymph nodes which are organs in which immune cells, particularly the antibody producing B cells, proliferate and differentiate before circulating in the blood and tissues to fight infection. B cell lymphoid cancers – ‘B cell lymphoma’ arise as a consequence of the occurrence of gene mutations in B cells. By affecting the functions of key B cell genes, these mutations drive the malignant transformation of the affected B cells which then begin to divide abnormally eventually destroying normal lymph node organization and function. The lymph node is divided into distinct micro-anatomical compartments or zones which are called (from the inner to outer most compartment – germinal centre, mantle zone, and marginal zone). B cell lymphoma classification follows this general organization and classifies tumours depending on the compartment of origin of the particular tumour B cell population. This classification thus defines lymphoma according to a ‘histological subtype’ with defined clinic-biological features. Among these subtypes, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a particularly aggressive form of B lymphoid cancer. This type of lymphoma is characterised by successive relapses and short survival (median is 4 to 5 years), although some patients can show long survival. Predictive biomarkers of this clinical behavior are lacking. This project aims to address this question. More specifically we propose to perform whole ‘exome’ sequencing – i.e. sequencing of all protein coding sections of all known protein coding genes in the genome – of the tumour B cell DNA from patients who show refractory or early relapsing disease compared to patients who show relatively long survival. By doing this genome scale study we hope to identify new gene mutations that can serve as molecular predictors of survival and bring new knowledges in the understanding between genetics and epigenetics in MCL
Marçais, Ambroise. "Analyse intégrée génétique et épigénétique des lymphoproliférations malignes liées au virus HTLV-1 : de la biologie à la clinique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS183.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a rare and mature T cell malignancy induced by the retrovirus HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) which bears a dismal prognosis. We have studied several molecular aspects of HTLV-1 induced lymphomagenesis on a retrospective cohort of ATL patients.First, we analyzed the global level of the DNA epigenetic mark hydroxymethylation (5hmc) as well as of enzymes implicated in its regulation in primary ATL cells. We observed a reduction of the 5hmc level in aggressive ATL compared to indolent forms with a positive correlation between the reduction of the 5hmc level, the decrease of the TET2 dioxygenase transcript and the patient overall survival. We found that somatic mutations in TET2 were present with a frequency of less than 10% but identified a SNP in TET2 locus whose frequency in ATL patients was higher compared to that of an ethnically matched control population.In a second part, we took advantage of a new technique of ligated mediated PCR followed with high throughput sequencing to analyze the viral integration architecture as a means of minimal residual disease detection. We demonstrate that this technique allows a better definition of the treatment response compared to actual consensus response criteria.Finally, we performed an integrated genomic analysis of a retrospective cohort of 60 ATL patients. We identified alterations targeting the TCR/NFKB signaling pathway, T cell trafficking and immune escape mechanisms, consistent with previous findings described in a Japanese ATL cohort. RNAseq analysis revealed the systematic perturbation of host gene expression secondary to viral integration and proceeding via the viral antisense leading to the production of a virus-host chimeric transcript production or the direct transcription termination of a host gene. Analysis of matched sequential samples of patients progressing from an indolent to an aggressive form revealed in most of the cases the acquisition of mutations affecting the TCR/NF-KB pathway. Analysis of sequential samples from patients who relapsed after a remission period also showed the acquisition of additional genetic alterations.These results underscore the specific nature of HTLV-1 induced lymphomagenesis, which proceeds on the one hand through mechanisms induced by the viral integration in the host genome, and consequent host-gene expression perturbation (viral first oncogenic hit) and on the other hand through secondary oncogenic mutations in various pathways, common to other mature B and T cell lymphoid malignancies
Launay, Erika. "Étude de l'instabilité génétique dans le lymphome follliculaire". Rouen, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUENR09.
Pełny tekst źródłaFollicular lymphoma (FL) is, the most frequent low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is characterized by a deregulation of the BCL2 gene, insufficient per se for lymphoma development meaning that acquisition of additional genetic abnormalities is necessary for its emergence. To better characterize genetic instability in FL, we chose to work on a prospective cohort of FL at diagnosis or without prior treatment. We realized a genome-wide study on purified tumor cells and non-B compartment that characterized the microenvironment. Using high resolution technologies on DNA microarray (array-based CGH and SNP), we identified recurrent regions of DNA copy-number imbalances and uniparental disomy. An analysis combining array-CGH and gene expression data allowed us to reveal the existence of regions where gene expressions were correlated and depended or not on DNA copy number alterations. Gene regulation in the regions of correlation independent of copy number alterations should be associated with epigenetic mechanisms, particularly with miRNAs as suggested by our analysis. In our cohort, alterations of the Ip36. 32 region represented the most frequent secondary abnormality. The minimum deleted region, which was delineated, included for single candidate gene TNFRSF14, already identified as a tumor suppressor gene. The targeted study of TNFRSF14 in a larger cohort of FL showed that this gene was frequently altered, suggesting that this event occurs early in FL pathogenesis and might contribute to its progression
Brun, Arnaud. "Recherche du virus d'Epstein-Barr dans le sang périphérique de patients greffés rénaux ou en attente de greffe". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P017.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrade-Houdellier, Naïs. "Régulation de la télomérase dans les cellules hématopoïétiques normales et leucémiques". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/52/.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein DNA polymerase comprising a catalytic protein subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which represents the rate-limiting state in telomerase activity, and a RNA template (hTR). The primary defined function of telomerase is to elongate telomere at the end of chromosomes and allow cells to bypass replicative senescence. Recently, other important cellular functions have been attributed to telomerase, including cell proliferation, genetic stability, protection against apoptosis and cell differentiation. HTERT is highly expressed in cancer cells including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and in proliferative tissues such as haematopoietic cells. Previous studies have indicated that telomerase activity is low in primitive haematopoietic cells, but increases upon stimulation with a mixture of cytokines in parallel to cell expansion, and then declines progressively during differentiation. These observations suggest a function for telomerase in haematopoiesis. The aim of our study was to assess hTERT regulation by HGF in normal and leukemic cells. In the first part of the study, we showed that in AML cells, treatment with TNF-α induces a decrease in hTERT gene transcription through a ceramide/JNK pathway, and that coincubation with GM-CSF can inhibit the effect of TNF-α. Interestingly, in normal haematopoietic progenitors, TNF-α also down-regulate hTERT gene expression alongside with a decrease in proliferation and an increase in differentiation. In the second part of the study, we investigated whether hTERT can be regulated during erythropoiesis, by erythropoietin (EPO) and TGF-β, wich are respectively the major positive and negative regulators of erythropoiesis. As a result, we demonstrated that EPO can stimulate hTERT transcription through a JAK2/STAT5/c-myc pathway, and that TGF-β counteracts this effect through Smad3 activation. Moreover, hTERT inhibition by ectopic expression of a dominant negative, reveals that EPO-mediated hTERT regulation serves neither for the proliferative response to EPO, nor to enhance cell survival, but can play a role in long term erythroid expansion. In conclusion, the compiled results produced clearly suggest that telomerase can be regulated by haematopoietic cytokines, and that all events leading to inhibition of hTERT expression may potentially alter haematopoiesis and lead to medullar insufficiency found in myelodysplastic syndromes for instance
Baert, Patrice. "Lymphome gastrique du malt chez deux frères : rôle de l'infection par Hélicobacter pylori, des facteurs environnementaux, et de l'hérédité". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M155.
Pełny tekst źródłaCuceu, Corina. "Telomere Dysfunction And Chromosomal Instability In Hodgkin Lymphoma". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS210/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with its unique microenvironment and long clinical outcomes, has provided exceptional insights into several areas of tumour biology. Findings in HL have not only improved our understanding of human carcinogenesis, but have also pioneered its translation into the clinic.Tumoral cells in HL, called Hodgkin and reed Sternberg cells (HRS), are characterized by a highly altered genomic landscape with a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, complex chromosomal rearrangements, and aneuploidy. Moreover, the scarcity of HRS cells and the resulting technical problems of their in situ characterization, the primary cytogenetic events and the clonality of these possible aberrations has been a matter of debate in the past. As a consequence, a few accepted and established HL cell lines are widely used in the majority of research projects conducted worldwide.In this thesis, first we have first investigated the possible mechanisms underlying genomic instability including microsatellite and chromosomal instability in HL cell lines. We provide the first evidence that the genomic instability observed in HL is related to microsatellite instability and chromosomal instability related to two major mechanisms: first, telomere fusion leading to dicentric chromosomes formation and breakage/fusion/bridge (B/F/B) cycles involving the repeated fusion and breakage of chromosomes following the loss of telomeres in small cells associated with the lower expression of TRF2, as well as an elevated copy number of the Jak2 gene and the presence of nucleoplasmic bridges containing telomere and centromere sequences. The second mechanism is related to defective DNA repair via non homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair with the presence of nucleoplasmic bridges without telomere or centromere sequences, accompanied by the micronucleus without centromere sequences and a higher frequency of sporadic dicentric chromosomes.The second part of this thesis has focused on investigating telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) not only in HL cell lines but also in lymph nodes of HL patients. A telomerase-independent mechanism for TMM in HL has been proposed in the absence of detectable telomerase activity (TA) in some cases. The major finding of this work has been the demonstration of the presence of both telomerase and ALT mechanism in lymph nodes of HL patients as well as in HL cell lines. We have identified a subset of tumors with some small cells expressing telomerase and Reed Sternberg cells containing ALT-associated PML bodies. A significant correlation was observed between telomere length and TMMs. Drastic telomere shortening was observed in cells with telomerase expression and elevated heterogeneity of telomere length was found in ALT profile cells. Interestingly, complex chromosomal rearrangements, included sporadic dicentric formation, were observed in ALT profile cell lines. Interestingly, the relationship between TMMs and all-cause mortality and morbidity during 10 years of follow-up of HL patients using cox proportion hazard models demonstrated a poor clinical outcome for HL patients exhibiting primarily ALT mechanisms. Similarly, higher radiation sensitivity was observed for cell lines with high telomerase activity compared to cell lines with the ALT profile
Besson, Caroline. "Epidémiologie génétique de la réponse immunitaire au virus Epstein-Barr dans des familles de patients de lymphome Hodgkinien". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11T067.
Pełny tekst źródłaLehours, Philippe. "Contribution à l' étude des souches de Helicobacter pylori associées au lymphome gastrique du MALT de faible degré de malignité". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077166.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmor, Souheila. "Régulation de l'épissage de la télomérase lors de la lymphomagenèse induite par l'herpèsvirus oncogène aviaire de la maladie de marek". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4045.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe telomerase, consisting of an RNA template (TR) and a reverse transcriptase (TERT) maintains telomere length and is highly expressed in the majority of cancer cells. The splicing regulation of TERT was studied in Marek‘s disease (MD), a natural lymphoma induced by MDV-1, the avian MD herpesvirus. Telomerase activation observed in TCD4+ cells at the onset of MD lymphoma was due to an increase of constitutively spliced and « non-sense mediated decay » (NMD) while basal telomerase activity of non infected TCD4+ cells was controlled by dominant negative isoforms. In addition, the viral protein ICP27, a putative regulator of splicing, expressed during MDV-1 lytic infection was characterised. ICP27 co-localized and interacted with spliceosome SR proteins and negatively controlled splicing of TERT and vIL8 viral gene in a way similar to that of ICP27 of herpesvirus simplex 1. The MD model provides the only data on the in vivo regulation of TERT splicing, possibly mediated by ICP27, and telomerase activation during lymphomagenesis induced by a herpesvirus in its natural host
Clappier, Emmanuelle. "Génétique somatique et oncogenèse des leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077087.
Pełny tekst źródłaT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are malignancies derived from lymphoid thymic precursors arrested in their differentiation. Identification and characterization of somatic rearrangements/mutations of the genome is a major step for leukemogenesïs mechanisms understanding and identification of the critical biological pathways of tumoral cells. We performed a screen for genomic rearrangements in a series of adult and pediatric T-ALL cases annotated for immunophenotypic data and expression of known oncogenes (TAL1, TLX1, TLX3, LMO2. . . ). Two genome-wide approaches were used: i) FISH screening for TCR-mediated translocations and breakpoint doning using cirded-PCR to identify partner sequences, ii) genomic profiling using array-CGH in a search for cryptic deletions or duplications. We thus identified several new recurrent rearrangements of T-ALL and showed that they lead to dysregulated expression of genes critical for thymic differentation: HOXA, Cylin D2 and C-MYB gènes. These abnormalities were included in a general molecular portrait of T-ALL performed by lange-scale gene expression analysis. Importantly, new oncogenic subtypes were defined, including a HOXA-group including cases with TCRB-HOXA translocation and SET-NUP214 microdeletion, and a homogeneous subtype of T-cell leukemias in very young children with TCRB-MYB translocation
Guégan, Nicolas. "Étude du rôle des mutations de la voie JAK-STAT dans la lymphomagenèse associée à la maladie cœliaque". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=6776&f=79039.
Pełny tekst źródłaRefractory celiac disease type 2 (RCD2) is a low-grade intraepithelial lymphoma complicating celiac disease (CD) and is a frequent initial step toward invasive lymphoma, specifically enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL). RCD2 cells originate from a small subpopulation of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) called innate iCD3+ IELs, which are present in normal intestine. These cells, lacking CD3 on their surface (sCD3-), display characteristics of both T and NK cells and differentiate in the intestine from a hematopoietic precursor in response to a NOTCH signals and IL-15. RCD2 is characterized by the malignant transformation and accumulation of sCD3-iCD3+ IELs that harbor numerous somatic mutations. The most recurrent (>80%) include a JAK1 variant at position 1097 or variants in the SH2 domain of STAT3, which increase their response to inflammatory cytokines, as IL-15, which is overexpressed in the celiac intestine. These variants and other co-recurrent somatic genetic events are also present in EATL, whether they complicate RCD2 or occur de novo in celiac patients, indicating a shared mechanism of lymphomagenesis. One primary objective of this thesis was to evaluate the driver role, in lymphomagenesis, of the GdF JAK1 p.G1096D mutations (analogous to p.G1097D in humans) or STAT3 p.D661V in the context of IL-15 overexpression. I demonstrated that these mutations confer a selective advantage to murine innate iCD3+ cells differentiated in vitro in the presence of IL-15. Adoptive transfer of sCD3-iCD3+ cells carrying the JAK1 p.G1096D mutation into IL-15-overexpressing immunodeficient mice did not induce lymphoproliferation, suggesting the importance of additional genetic events. However, this transfer induced a hypereosinophilic syndrome (HSE) mimicing one of HSE discribed in humans with blood lymphoproliferative disorders of sCD3-CD4+ lymphocytes. A second objective was to assess, using a xenograft model, the efficacy of ruxolitinib (a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor) in treating RCD2. A 21-day treatment, initiated 14 days after the transfer of a cell line derived from RCD2 IELs, reduced tumor expansion, but this quickly reexpanded when the treatment was stopped. Data generated in vitro shown the genomic heterogeneity of the RCD2 cell line, allowing for the derivation of 6 ruxolitinib-resistant lines, which exhibited new mutations, including a common mutation in the tumor suppressor gene CDK13. These results suggest a risk of selecting ruxolitinib-resistant cells
Drivet, Elsa. "Etude préclinique personnalisée d'une translocation rare T(1 ; 9)(Q24 ; Q34) "PH-LIKE" et perspectives d'optimisation des traitements contre les LAL-B de mauvais pronostic". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0664.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe t(1;9)(q24;q34) translocation, generating the RCSD1-ABL1 fusion protein, is found in bad prognosis LAL cases. The oncogenic properties of RCSD1-ABL1 are unknown and the structure of the RCSD1 portion as well as its impact on RCSD1-ABL1 activity and signaling is yet to be determined. We recently reported the case of a patient with ALL associated with a RCSD1-ABL1 rearrangement that was resistant or poorly responsive to a large number of TKIs but was sensitive to Ponatinib, with no mutation that could explain this.In order to characterize this fusion protein, understand its response profile to TKI and optimize therapeutic approaches for these patients, we cloned the RCSD1-ABL1 gene from the patient sample and expressed it in the cellular model BaF3. This allowed us to 1) Demonstrate and 2) Study for the first time the oncogenic properties and signaling of the fusion protein, which is partially distinct from that of BCR-ABL1, especially regarding the JAK/STAT pathway; 3) Purify RCSD1-ABL1 and reveal the impact of the RCSD1 N-terminal portion on the enzyme activity and its TKI sensitivity; 4) Integrate this data and demonstrate the potentiating effect of JAT/STAT pathway inhibitors on TIK activity in cells expressing RCSD1-ABL1 but not in cells expressing BCR-ABL1.Finally, the chemo-genomic profiling of samples from three B-ALL t(1;9)(q24 ;q34) allowed us to consolidate our results and to propose preclinical bases for personalized treatments targeting the identified mechanisms
Moreira, Collares Davi. "An alternative way to look at diffuse large B-cell lymphoma : the impact of frequent engagement of ReIB NF-κB subunit on cell survival and patient outcome". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB019.
Pełny tekst źródłaNF-κB transcription factors play critical role in cell proliferation, cell survival and the physiopathology of numerous cancers. Deregulation of the classical NF-κB pathway is known to be involved in at least the ABC subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the activation status of RelB NF-κB alternative pathway subunit and its role remain unclear. We have demonstrated a frequent engagement of RelB in human DLBCL-derived cell lines. RelB activation protected cells from DNA damage and apoptosis induced by doxorubicin, the main drug in DLBCL treatment. RelB also controlled the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein cIAP2. In a cohort of 66 de novo DLBCL patients, we have directly assessed the DNA binding activity of all NF-κB subunits by EMSA coupled with supershift. RelB activation was present in 66.6% of cases regardless of ABC or GCB classification and was an independent predictor of worse outcome. RelB activation status by EMSA allowed the definition of a RelB gene expression signature that was able to confirm RelB’s negative impact on patient outcome when extended to a larger cohort. Altogether, our study indicates that RelB is a potential new biomarker for DLBCL and sheds light on its important role in DLBCL cell biology
Protche, Aude. "Application du test des comètes à l'évaluation des atteintes primaires de l'ADN dans les cellules de lymphome de souris L5178Y". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P244.
Pełny tekst źródłaKarpukhina, Schwager Anna. "Epigenomic and 3D-genomic changes in Mantle Cell Lymphoma". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL061.
Pełny tekst źródłaMantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive B cell malignancy with poor prognosis. More than 90% of MCL cases are associated with a recurrent chromosomal translocation t(11;14) that results in the overexpression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), a potent cell-cycle regulator. Nevertheless, CCND1 overexpression alone does not lead to malignancies in animal models. Thus, the development of MCL should be triggered by additional factors, which may guide the development of new therapies once discovered. A chromosomal translocation can trigger large-scale changes in the 3D genome organization, as well as the transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the translocated loci. Here we demonstrated that the translocated CCND1 locus on derivative chr14 is relocated to the nuclear center in MCL cells. This is accompanied by the appearance of a new super-enhancer (SE) inside this locus. Surprisingly, the region around the novel SE was not significantly enriched for the genes upregulated in MCL. Instead, most of the overexpressed genes were located on chr19 in both the MCL cell lines and the B cells from MCL patients. Among these genes, there were many related to lymphoma or other cancers. Using HiC, we detected the presence of an interchromosomal contact between chr11 and chr19, which was further confirmed by 3D-FISH. The contact colocalized with the active RNApolII and formed predominantly with the derivative CCND1 locus. We hypothesize that the deregulated chr19 genes contribute to the MCL oncogenesis, and their upregulation is at least partially explained by the action of an MCL-specific SE inside the CCND1 locus. Thus, inhibiting super-enhancer activity may represent a new treatment strategy for MCL. We tested two substances with such properties, Abemaciclib and Minnelide, in MCL cell lines and the B cells from MCL patients. Minnelide had a strong inhibitory effect on the chromatin landscape of MCL cells, including the novel SE, and was effective against mantle cell lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide valuable preclinical data and novel insights into the mechanisms of MCL pathogenesis
Duhamel, Marianne. "Régulation épigénétique de l'expression du facteur de transcription hématopoïétique Aiolos et implication dans la leucémie lymphoïde chronique". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003066.
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