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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Macropore flow”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2022

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1

Yi, Jun, Ye Yang, Muxing Liu, Wei Hu, Shulan Lou, Hailin Zhang, and Dongyou Zhang. "Characterising macropores and preferential flow of mountainous forest soils with contrasting human disturbances." Soil Research 57, no. 6 (2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18198.

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Preferential flow can develop in soil macropores, and macropores are sensitive to human disturbances. This study investigated soil macropore features and the main factors controlling preferential flow at four sites with different levels of human disturbance in a mountainous area in Central China. The level of human disturbance decreased with increasing elevation, with the lowest elevation areas covered with coniferous trees (LF) &gt; middle mountain areas covered with tea gardens (TG) &gt; middle mountain areas covered with deciduous trees and mixed shrubs (MF) &gt; subalpine areas

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2

Larsbo, M., J. Koestel, and N. Jarvis. "Controls of macropore network characteristics on preferential solute transport." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2014): 9551–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-9551-2014.

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Abstract. In this study we examined the relationships between macropore network characteristics, hydraulic properties and state variables and measures of preferential transport in undisturbed columns sampled from four agricultural topsoils of contrasting texture and structure. Macropore network characteristics were computed from 3-dimensional X-ray tomography images of the soil pore system. Non-reactive solute transport experiments were carried out at five steady-state water flow rates from 2 to 12 mm h−1. The degree of preferential transport was evaluated by the normalised 5% solute arrival t

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3

Tofteng, Charlotte, Søren Hansen, and Henry E. Jensen. "Film and Pulse Flow in Artificial Macropores." Hydrology Research 33, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2002.0007.

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It is generally recognized that macropore flow may occur in unsaturated soil and that this should be taken into account when modelling flow of water and solutes in soil. The objective of the present study was to examine the water pressure potential conditions at which macropore flow may occur and to elucidate the nature of macropore flow. A laboratory setup consisting of a sand column 20 cm in diameter and 20 cm high with outlet into a 50 cm long glass tube was used. The outlet characteristics of the glass tube was either free to the atmosphere or the glass tube terminated in gravel. The tube

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4

Larsbo, M., J. Koestel, and N. Jarvis. "Relations between macropore network characteristics and the degree of preferential solute transport." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 12 (December 16, 2014): 5255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5255-2014.

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Abstract. The characteristics of the soil macropore network determine the potential for fast transport of agrochemicals and contaminants through the soil. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between macropore network characteristics, hydraulic properties and state variables and measures of preferential transport. Experiments were carried out under near-saturated conditions on undisturbed columns sampled from four agricultural topsoils of contrasting texture and structure. Macropore network characteristics were computed from 3-D X-ray tomography images of the soil pore

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5

Jiang, Xiaojin, Enheng Wang, Xiangwei Chen, Xiangyou Xia, and Changting Shi. "Field study on macropore flow in typical Black soils of northeast China." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 3 (March 2012): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-041.

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Jiang, X., Wang, E., Chen, X., Xia, X. and Shi, C. 2012. Field study on macropore flow in typical Black soils of northeast China. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 559–566. Macropores are important preferential pathways for the transport of water and contaminants in soil. A series of hood infiltration experiments were conducted using dye tracers (Brilliant Blue FCF) at pressure heads of −5.0 cm, −3.0 cm, and −1.0 cm at a conventional tilled site on Keshan Farm, northeast China. The study objective was to combine the test method of dye tracing with a hood infiltrometer to analyze soil subjected to conventi

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6

Bidwell, V. J., and H. R. Thorpe. "Kinematic cell model of macropore flow from intermittent irrigation pulses." Soil Research 39, no. 4 (2001): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00070.

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Significant fluctuations in soil water flux were observed in the drainage hydrographs from lysimeters (1220 mm diam., 900 mm deep) of undisturbed field soil, recorded at 5-min intervals, in response to intermittent 1-min pulses of irrigation water (3.4 or 6.8 mm) at irregular time intervals (4–17 min). The hypothetical process for this phenomenon was flow through soil macropores, in association with non-linear sorption into soil micropores. The kinematic wave approach to analysing macropore flow was modelled as a series of bi-continuum cells, which can be expressed as a set of non-linear ordin

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7

Zhang, Youyan, Zhe Cao, Fang Hou, and Jinhua Cheng. "Characterizing Preferential Flow Paths in Texturally Similar Soils under Different Land Uses by Combining Drainage and Dye-Staining Methods." Water 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020219.

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Preferential flow paths have been widely characterized by many visualization methods. However, the differences in preferential flow paths under various land uses and their relationships to hydraulic properties remain uncertain. The objectives of this study are to (1) characterize preferential flow paths under various land uses (forest and orchard) by combining drainage and dye-staining methods and to (2) build a connection between preferential flow paths and hydraulic-related parameters and extract the proportion of preferential flow paths from the compounding effects of matrix flow and prefer

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8

Naveed, Muhammad, Per Moldrup, Marcel G. Schaap, Markus Tuller, Ramaprasad Kulkarni, Hans-Jörg Vogel, and Lis Wollesen de Jonge. "Prediction of biopore- and matrix-dominated flow from X-ray CT-derived macropore network characteristics." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 10 (October 6, 2016): 4017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4017-2016.

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Abstract. Prediction and modeling of localized flow processes in macropores is of crucial importance for sustaining both soil and water quality. However, currently there are no reliable means to predict preferential flow due to its inherently large spatial variability. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive performance of previously developed empirical models for both water and air flow and to explore the potential applicability of X-ray computed tomography (CT)-derived macropore network characteristics. For this purpose, 65 cylindrical soil columns (6 cm diameter and 3.5 cm h

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9

Franssen, Jan, Catherine Blais, Michel Lapointe, Francis Bérubé, Normand Bergeron, and Pierre Magnan. "Asphyxiation and entombment mechanisms in fines rich spawning substrates: experimental evidence with brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) embryos." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 2012): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-168.

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We investigated the distinct physical controls causing entombment and asphyxiation, the key mechanisms influencing salmonid egg-to-emergence (EtE) survival. Entombment occurs when sediment blocks the interstitial pathways (macropores) that larvae use to emerge from the streambed, while asphyxiation is related to low oxygen flux, which is a function of interstitial flow velocity. EtE survival has been related to substrate composition and flow velocity. However, in streambed sediments these variables are correlated, and few studies have examined the sensitivity of EtE survival to changes in velo

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10

Sternagel, Alexander, Ralf Loritz, Wolfgang Wilcke, and Erwin Zehe. "Simulating preferential soil water flow and tracer transport using the Lagrangian Soil Water and Solute Transport Model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 4249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4249-2019.

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Abstract. We propose an alternative model concept to represent rainfall-driven soil water dynamics and especially preferential water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone. Our LAST-Model (Lagrangian Soil Water and Solute Transport) is based on a Lagrangian perspective of the movement of water particles (Zehe and Jackisch, 2016) carrying a solute mass through the subsurface which is separated into a soil matrix domain and a preferential flow domain. The preferential flow domain relies on observable field data like the average number of macropores of a given diameter, their hydraulic prop

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11

Radka, Kodešova, and Šimůnek Josef Kozak and Jiři. "Numerical Study of Macropore Impact on Ponded Infiltration in Clay Soils." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 1 (January 7, 2013): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6501-swr.

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The single-porosity and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D (&Scaron;imůnek et al. 1998, 2003) were used to simulate variably-saturated water movement in clay soils with and without macropores. Numerical simulations of water flow for several scenarios of probable macropore compositions show a considerable impact of preferential flow on water infiltration in such soils. Preferential flow must be considered to predict water recharge in clay soils.

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12

Kördel, Werner, and Michael Klein. "Prediction of leaching and groundwater contamination by pesticides." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 5 (January 1, 2006): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678051081.

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Herein, we describe how pesticide leaching is assessed in Europe in order to fulfill EU Directive 91/414. The assessment schemes were developed to protect groundwater from unacceptable effects caused by pesticide use. They presently focus on chromatographic flow processes, which are dominant in sandy soils. Nevertheless, important regions in Europe are characterized by structured soils where transport through macropores is most relevant.Comparison of parallel field studies with isoproturon performed in sandy and silty soils showed that maximum concentration in the structured soil at a soil dep

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13

Quinn, Ruth, and Alejandro Dussaillant. "The impact of macropores on heavy metal retention in sustainable drainage systems." Hydrology Research 49, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.277.

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Abstract Numerous laboratory and field experiments have found that rain gardens exhibit excellent heavy metal retention (&gt;88%). However, none examined the impact of macropore flow on this retention; this was established to be a key factor in heavy metal capture by previous landfill leachate experiments. Therefore, the aim of the experiments detailed in this paper was to investigate the effect of a single artificial macropore on heavy metal retention in a layered soil column (with a similar configuration to a rain garden). The findings of these experiments suggest that macropore flow doe

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14

Kördel, Werner, Hans Egli, and Michael Klein. "Transport of pesticides via macropores (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 105–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880010105.

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This report provides an overview of the transport of solutes via macropores focusing on the practical relevance of the phenomenon. After a description of matrix flow and preferential flow in soil, information related to macropores, including their formation and measurement techniques, is briefly presented. Then, the influence of experimental conditions and of environmental and agricultural factors and pesticide properties is discussed, based on a statistical evaluation of all published studies offering sufficient quantitative information. Most of the analyzed parameters do not significantly in

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15

Zhang, Yifu, Ruihong Zhang, Baofeng Zhang, and Xiaobo Xi. "Artificial Macropores with Sandy Fillings Enhance Desalinization and Increase Plant Biomass in Two Contrasting Salt-Affected Soils." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073037.

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Salt accumulation in topsoil is a widespread restricting factor that limits agricultural production and threatens food security in arid and semi-arid regions. However, whether this upward enrichment was suppressed by macropores was less documented. Therefore, artificial macropores with sandy fillings (AMSF) method was proposed in this study. Soil column experiments showed a significant improvement of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) by more than 260% under artificial macropore treatment. Freshwater irrigation was conducted to monitor the short-term water and salt movement. This research a

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16

Müller, Karin, Céline Duwig, Anne-Julie Tinet, Alfonso Gastelum Strozzi, Lorenzo Spadini, Marie Christine Morel, and Pascal Charrier. "Orchard management and preferential flow in Andosols – comparing two kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand." Soil Research 57, no. 6 (2019): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18293.

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Sustainable horticulture depends on the integrity of soil functions, which directly depend on soil architecture affecting aggregation, root growth, as well as liquid and gas permeability. We hypothesised that changes in soil architecture resulting from feedback mechanisms between management, soil organic carbon contents (SOC), biota and vegetation can be captured with X-ray computed tomography (CT), and that these affect the soil filtering function, which thus, can be manipulated through orchard management. We compared the transport of copper, a widely used fungicide, through intact soil cores

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17

Naveed, M., P. Moldrup, M. Schaap, M. Tuller, R. Kulkarni, H. J. Vögel, and L. Wollesen de Jonge. "Macropore flow at the field scale: predictive performance of empirical models and X-ray CT analyzed macropore characteristics." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2015): 12089–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-12089-2015.

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Abstract. Predictions of macropore flow is important for maintaining both soil and water quality as it governs key related soil processes e.g. soil erosion and subsurface transport of pollutants. However, macropore flow currently cannot be reliably predicted at the field scale because of inherently large spatial variability. The aim of this study was to perform field scale characterization of macropore flow and investigate the predictive performance of (1) current empirical models for both water and air flow, and (2) X-ray CT derived macropore network characteristics. For this purpose, 65 cyli

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18

Liu, Mu Xing, Wen Hu Cui, Dan Wu, Li Juan Liao, and Wen Zheng Du. "Soil Macropore Structures and their Effect on Preferential Flow." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.990.

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Recent researches on soil macropore and preferential flow were reviewed in this paper. Definition of macropore, causes of preferential flow, observation technologies, and preferential simulated models were introduced. Soil macropore investigated methods include dye tracing, sectioning, CT scan, tension infiltration curve, and markers tracing. Preferential flow models include two domain model and multiple domain model, two phase model and hybrid model, etc.

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19

Holden, Joseph. "Topographic controls upon soil macropore flow." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34, no. 3 (March 15, 2009): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1726.

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20

Pelíšek, I. "Investigation of soil water infiltration at a scale of individual earthworm channels." Soil and Water Research 13, No. 1 (January 24, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/283/2014-swr.

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This study focused on the hydraulic efficiency of vertical earthworm channels (henceforth referred to as macropores or channels). The parameters selected for investigation were the rate of change in hydraulic soil conductivity in the channel walls due to compaction, the rate of this compaction, and the wall stability against running and stagnant water. We preferentially tested the variants for infiltration of water flowing from the soil horizons against gravity (e.g. from the level of installation of tile and controlled drainage). The details of influx and infiltration processes were examined

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21

Roulier, Stéphanie, and Nicholas Jarvis. "Modeling Macropore Flow Effects on Pesticide Leaching." Journal of Environmental Quality 32, no. 6 (November 2003): 2341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2341.

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22

Ghodrati, Masoud, Michael Chendorain, and Y. Jason Chang. "Characterization of Macropore Flow Mechanisms in Soil by Means of a Split Macropore Column." Soil Science Society of America Journal 63, no. 5 (September 1999): 1093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6351093x.

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23

Germer, K., and J. Braun. "Macropore-Matrix Water Flow Interaction around a Vertical Macropore Embedded in Fine Sand-Laboratory Investigations." Vadose Zone Journal 14, no. 7 (July 2015): vzj2014.03.0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.03.0030.

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Hardie, Marcus A., Richard B. Doyle, William E. Cotching, and Shaun Lisson. "Subsurface Lateral Flow in Texture-Contrast (Duplex) Soils and Catchments with Shallow Bedrock." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/861358.

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Development-perched watertables and subsurface lateral flows in texture-contrast soils (duplex) are commonly believed to occur as a consequence of the hydraulic discontinuity between the A and B soil horizons. However, in catchments containing shallow bedrock, subsurface lateral flows result from a combination of preferential flow from the soil surface to the soil—bedrock interface, undulations in the bedrock topography, lateral flow through macropore networks at the soil—bedrock interface, and the influence of antecedent soil moisture on macropore connectivity. Review of literature indicates

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25

Weiler, Markus, and Felix Naef. "Simulating surface and subsurface initiation of macropore flow." Journal of Hydrology 273, no. 1-4 (March 2003): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(02)00361-x.

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Urbina, C. A. Faúndez, J. C. Dam, R. F. A. Hendriks, F. Berg, H. P. A. Gooren, and C. J. Ritsema. "Water Flow in Soils with Heterogeneous Macropore Geometries." Vadose Zone Journal 18, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2019.02.0015.

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Alaoui, Abdallah. "Modelling susceptibility of grassland soil to macropore flow." Journal of Hydrology 525 (June 2015): 536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.016.

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Sternagel, Alexander, Ralf Loritz, Julian Klaus, Brian Berkowitz, and Erwin Zehe. "Simulation of reactive solute transport in the critical zone: a Lagrangian model for transient flow and preferential transport." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 1483–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1483-2021.

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Abstract. We present a method to simulate fluid flow with reactive solute transport in structured, partially saturated soils using a Lagrangian perspective. In this context, we extend the scope of the Lagrangian Soil Water and Solute Transport Model (LAST) (Sternagel et al., 2019) by implementing vertically variable, non-linear sorption and first-order degradation processes during transport of reactive substances through a partially saturated soil matrix and macropores. For sorption, we develop an explicit mass transfer approach based on Freundlich isotherms because the common method of using

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Raimbault, Jérôme, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Denis Courtier-Murias, Thomas Bigot, Jaime Gil Roca, Béatrice Béchet, and Laurent Lassabatère. "Investigating the impact of exit effects on solute transport in macroporous media." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-671-2021.

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Abstract. The effect of macropore flow on solute transport has spurred much research over the last forty years. In this study, non-reactive solute transport in water-saturated columns filled with porous media crossed by a macropore was experimentally and numerically investigated. The emphasis was put on the study of exit effects, whose very existence is inherent to the finite size of any experimental column. We specifically investigated the impact of a filter at the column outlet on water flow and solute transport in macroporous systems. Experiments involving breakthrough measurements and magn

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Qiao, Juncheng, Xianzheng Zhao, Jianhui Zeng, Guomeng Han, Shu Jiang, Sen Feng, and Xiao Feng. "The Impacts of Nano-Micrometer Pore Structure on the Gas Migration and Accumulation in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 4102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214102.

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The uncertainties between reservoir quality and gas migration and accumulation in tight sandstone gas reservoirs are intrinsically attributed to complex microscopic pore structures. Integrated analysis including the physical simulation experiment of gas migration and accumulation, X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), and casting thin section (CTS) were conducted on core plug samples collected from the Upper Paleozoic Permian Lower Shihezi and Shanxi tight sandstone of the Daniudi area in the Ordos Basin to investigate the impacts of pore structure on the gas migration and accumulation. Physical s

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Selker, John S. "Applying Preferential Flow Concepts to Horticultural Water Management." HortTechnology 6, no. 2 (April 1996): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.2.107.

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Avoiding groundwater contamination from agricultural activities is possible only if the processes that control deep percolation are understood. The source of contaminant movement to groundwater is typically through preferential flow, processes by which the bulk soil is bypassed by some part of the infiltrating water. Three mechanisms give rise to preferential flow: fingered flow, funnel flow, and macropore flow. Fingered flow occurs in coarse-textured soils and can be minimized by starting with an initially well-wetted profile. Funnel flow is likely in layered soil profiles of silt or coarser-

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Jarvis, N. J., J. Moeys, J. M. Hollis, S. Reichenberger, A. M. L. Lindahl, and I. G. Dubus. "A Conceptual Model of Soil Susceptibility to Macropore Flow." Vadose Zone Journal 8, no. 4 (November 2009): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0137.

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Dunn, G. H., and R. E. Phillips. "Equivalent Diameter of Simulated Macropore Systems during Saturated Flow." Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, no. 5 (September 1991): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500050008x.

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Karahan, Gülay, and Sabit Erşahin. "Relating Macropore Flow to Soil Parametric and Morphological Variables." Soil Science Society of America Journal 81, no. 5 (August 31, 2017): 1014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.10.0327.

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Alaoui, A., and B. Goetz. "Dye tracer and infiltration experiments to investigate macropore flow." Geoderma 144, no. 1-2 (March 2008): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.020.

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Cullum, R. F. "Macropore flow estimations under no-till and till systems." CATENA 78, no. 1 (July 2009): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.03.004.

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Rasmussen, Lars Holm, Vibeke Ernstsen, and Hans Christian Bruun Hansen. "Redoximorphic Macropore Environments in an Agrudalf." Hydrology Research 32, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2001): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2001.0019.

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Soil materials in fracture walls may strongly interact with solutes and colloidal particles during preferential flow. Wall coatings rich in metal oxides, clays, and organic matter may increase sorption capacities, whereas coatings devoid of these constituents have the opposite effect of increasing the risk of leaching of otherwise strongly sorbing solutes. The contrasting compositions between bulk horizon and fracture wall materials of a Typic Agrudalf excavated at Flakkebjerg, Denmark, were studied by using chemical and micromorphological methods. In the upper 220 cm of the profile, the predo

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Lin, H. S., K. J. McInnes, L. P. Wilding, and C. T. Hallmark. "Low tension water flow in structured soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-061.

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Water transport through structured clayey soils may be prone to by-pass flow, a mechanism that may lead to rapid transport of contaminants to ground water. To quantify the significance of low-tension water flow in structured soils, apparent steady-state infiltration rates at water potentials from −0.24 to 0 m were measured using tension infiltrometers on 18 soils of varying texture and structure. Each infiltration measurement was conducted sequentially at −0.24, −0.12, −0.06, −0.03, −0.02, −0.01, and 0 m supply potentials (Ψsupply), all at the same soil location, to separate different size por

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Emerman, Steven H. "The tipping bucket equations as a model for macropore flow." Journal of Hydrology 171, no. 1-2 (September 1995): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02735-8.

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Skovdal Christiansen, Jesper, Mette Thorsen, Thomas Clausen, Søren Hansen, and Jens Christian Refsgaard. "Modelling of macropore flow and transport processes at catchment scale." Journal of Hydrology 299, no. 1-2 (November 2004): 136–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.04.029.

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Liu, Muxing, Li Guo, Jun Yi, Henry Lin, Shulan Lou, Hailin Zhang, and Tian Li. "Characterising preferential flow and its interaction with the soil matrix using dye tracing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China." Soil Research 56, no. 6 (2018): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17238.

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Dye tracing experiments provide direct visual evidence of preferential flow in the soil. In this study, we applied the Brilliant Blue tracer across three forest sites (high-mountain forest, HF; middle-mountain forest, MF; and low-mountain forest, LF) and one cultivated field (CL) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China to visualise preferential flow and characterise its interaction with the surrounding soil matrix. A set of parameters was extracted from photographs of dye-stained soil profiles to measure preferential flow, including (1) the ratio of the stained area to the total area of a

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Akhtar, M. S., U. Mohrlok, and D. Stüben. "A simple two layer model for simulation of adsorbing and nonadsorbing solute transport through field soils." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 5 (September 4, 2009): 5631–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-5631-2009.

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Abstract. While rapid movement of solutes through structured soils constitutes the risk of groundwater contamination, simulation of solute transport in field soils is challenging. A modification in an existing preferential flow model was tested using replicated Chloride and Lithium leachings carried out at constant flow rates through four soils differing in grades and type of structure. Flow rates generated by +10 mm, −10 mm, −40 mm, and −100 mm water heads at the surface of 35 cm diameter 50 cm height field columns. Three well-structured silty clay soils under ponding had concurrent breakthro

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Sandström, Klas. "Modeling the Effects of Rainfall Variability on Groundwater Recharge in Semi-Arid Tanzania." Hydrology Research 26, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1995): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1995.0018.

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A conceptual model of the effects of rainfall variability on groundwater recharge was developed and applied to a small forested catchment in semi-arid Tanzania. The model simulated dual-domain recharge through the soil matrix and macropores, and was based on daily values of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. Three different land-cover conditions (forested-nondegraded, deforested-nondegraded, and deforested-degraded) were included in the study in order to simulate the large-scale deforestation and land degradation process now occurring in Tanzania. In addition, the alternative land cove

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Germann, Peter F. "HESS Opinions: Unsaturated infiltration – the need for a reconsideration of historical misconceptions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 1097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1097-2021.

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Abstract. Briggs (1897) deduced capillary flow from deviation of the equilibrium between capillarity and gravity. Richards (1931) raised capillary flow to an unproven soil hydrological dogma. Attempts to correct the dogma led to concepts of non-equilibrium flow, macropore flow, and preferential flow during infiltration. Viscous film flow is proposed as an alternative approach to capillarity-driven flow during unsaturated infiltration.

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Zehe, E., U. Ehret, T. Blume, A. Kleidon, U. Scherer, and M. Westhoff. "A thermodynamic approach to link self-organization, preferential flow and rainfall–runoff behaviour." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 4297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4297-2013.

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Abstract. This study investigates whether a thermodynamically optimal hillslope structure can, if existent, serve as a first guess for uncalibrated predictions of rainfall–runoff. To this end we propose a thermodynamic framework to link rainfall–runoff processes and dynamics of potential energy, kinetic energy and capillary binding energy in catchments and hillslopes. The starting point is that hydraulic equilibrium in soil corresponds to local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), characterized by a local maximum entropy/minimum of free energy of soil water. Deviations from LTE occur either due to

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Silva, R. G., K. C. Cameron, H. J. Di, N. P. Smith, and G. D. Buchan. "Effect of macropore flow on the transport of surface-applied cow urine through a soil profile." Soil Research 38, no. 1 (2000): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99016.

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A field lysimeter experiment was conducted to determine the effect of macropore flow on the transport of surface-applied cow urine N through soil. The lysimeters (500 mm diameter by 700 mm depth) used for this experiment were collected from Templeton fine sandy loam soil (Udic Ustochrept), which had been under ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture for 9–10 years. The effect of macropore flow on urine-N leaching was determined by leaching experiments under 0.5 kPa and 0 kPa water tensions (suctions) imposed on top of the lysimeter using a disc tension infil

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Rastiello, Giuseppe, R. Bennacer, Georges Nahas, and Mateuz Bogdan. "Effective Permeability and Transfer Properties in Fractured Porous Media." Defect and Diffusion Forum 362 (April 2015): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.362.172.

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Mesoscale analyses of cracked porous volumes are performed. The fluid flows through a multiphase volume comprising one macro-crack, macro-pores and random micro-porous solid inclusions. Mesostructures are defined by thresholding of spatially correlated Gaussian random fields.Transport through macropores and crack, as well as the diffusion in micro-porous solid inclusions, are taken into account. Homogeneous (without cracks) porous volumes illustrated the asymptotical behaviors. The corresponding macroscopic permeability tensors are obtained and correlated with the geometrical/statistical prope

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Podgorney, Robert K., and Jerry P. Fairley. "Investigation of Episodic Flow from Unsaturated Porous Media into a Macropore." Vadose Zone Journal 7, no. 1 (February 2008): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0107.

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Luo, Lifang, Henry Lin, and John Schmidt. "Quantitative Relationships between Soil Macropore Characteristics and Preferential Flow and Transport." Soil Science Society of America Journal 74, no. 6 (November 2010): 1929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0062.

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Guebert, Michael D., and Thomas W. Gardner. "Macropore flow on a reclaimed surface mine: infiltration and hillslope hydrology." Geomorphology 39, no. 3-4 (August 2001): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(00)00107-0.

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