Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Magnetic float densitometer”

The densities of 1,3-butanediol-water mixtures and some tetraalkylammonium iodide salt solutions in these solvent mixtures at different concentrations (0.02 M-0.14 M) have been determined at 298.15 K using magnetic float densitometer technique. Then apparent molar volumes ΦVof the electrolytes in above solvent mixtures were calculated. The apparent molar volumes of transfer ∆ΦV° (tr) were also calculated and the ion-ion / ion- solvent interactions are then discussed on the basis of changes in the Masson's slope and apparent molar volumes of transfer data.

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007 <em>Manuscript received 2 May 1988, revised 10 January 1992, accepted 1 April 1992</em> By the use of magnetic float densitometer, the trend in the<em> \(\phi\)</em>_v and hence the nature of the slope of&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>\(\phi\)</em>_v vs \(\sqrt{{c}{}}\)&nbsp;curves has been studied for Et₄NI, Pr₄NI, Bu4NI and Pen₄NI in NMP + DMSO mixtures in very dilute and in <em>concentrated </em>solutions at 25&deg; <em>\(\phi\)</em>_v increases in dielectric constant of the medium or with increase in the salt concentration. All the four salts Et₄NI, Pr₄NI, Bu₄NI and Pen₄NI show transition in the sign of the slope in dilute as well as in concentrated range of solu&shy;tions except for Bu₄NI which does not show such behaviour in concentrated solution.

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-126 007 <em>Manuscript received 25 April 1988, revised 19 September 1988, accepted 18 November 1988</em> A study of the nature of slope <em>s</em>_v in plots of apparent molal volume vs \(\sqrt[]{concentration}\) for Et₄ NI, Pr_4&nbsp;NI, Bu₄NI and Pen₄NI salts in NMA-DMSO solvent mixtures or varying dielectric constant has been carried out in both lower (0.002-0.012 M) and higher (0.02-0.12 M) concentration ranges using magnetic float densitometer. Et₄NI shows positive slope in dilute as well as in concentrated solutions, Pr₄NI does so only in concentrated solutions while in dilute range slope changes from positive to negative. Bu₄NI and Pen₄NI salts indicate a transition in slope in both the ranges of concentration.

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007 <em>Manuscript received 10 May 1988, revised 10 January 1992, accepted 1 April 1992</em> Four salts Et₄NI, Pr₄NI, Bu₄NI and Pen₄NI have been examined in formamide DMSO (non-aqueous solvents mixtures) from the point of view of apparent molal volume <em>(\(\phi\)</em><em>_v</em>) study by the magnetic float densitometer method. Two concentration ranges (0.002 - 0.012<em>M</em> and 0.02 - 0.12<em>M</em>) of solutions have been selected. The trend In <em>(\(\phi_V\)</em>) and hence the nature of the slope of <em>(\(\phi_V\)</em>) vs \(\sqrt{{c}}\)&nbsp;curves has been studied for these salts. Pr₄NI, Bu4NI and Pen₄NI show transition in the sign of slope in dilute solutions, but they show positive slope in concentrated solutions. Et₄NI has positive nature in its slope in lower as well as in higher concentrations.

The concept of Frank’s hypothesis (that is the effect of large tetra alkyl ammonium iodides on the solvent structure, especially in the ion – ion and ion – solvent interactions) was found to be not applicable when water was replaced by one of organic solvent. That is, if study involves ion- ion and ion – solvent interactions in 1, 3 – Butane diol – DMF solvent mixture. The densities of these mixture and some adding tetra alkyl ammonium iodide salts solutions at different concentrations (0.02 – 0.14 M) have been determined at 298.15 K using Magnetic Float Densitometer technique. The apparent molar volume (ϕ_v) and apparent molar volumes of transfer ∆ϕ_v⁰ (tr) of the electrolytes in above solvent mixtures were calculated. ϕ_v vs √C curves are plotted and explained the nature of molecular interactions by using slope (S_v) values. Also, the significant role of varying dielectric constants (ϵ) of the selected solvent mixtures in the ionic interaction is discussed.

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007<strong> </strong> Manuscript <em>received 23 April 1988, revised 19 September 2988, accepted 18 November 1988</em> <strong>A </strong><strong>study </strong><strong>of</strong><strong> the nature of slope </strong><strong><em>Sv </em></strong><strong>in plots of apparent molal volume vs</strong><strong>\(\sqrt{concentration}\)/concentration for Et₄NI, Pr₄NI, Bu₄NI and Pen₄NI salts in NMA&mdash;DMSO solvent </strong><strong>mixtures of varying dielectric constant has been carried out in both lower </strong><strong>(0.002</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>0.012 <em>M) </em></strong><strong>and higher (0.02 &mdash;0.12 </strong><strong><em>M) </em></strong><strong>concentration ranges using magnetic float densitometer. Et₄NI shows positive slope in dilute as well as in concentrated solu&shy;tions, Pr₄NI does so only in concentrated solutions while in dilute range slope changes from positive to negative. Bu₄NI and Pen₄NI salts indicate a transition in slope in both the ranges of concentration...</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp;

Efficient oil transportation in field-deployed mobile pipelines is critical, but mixed-oil zones at interfaces reduce quality and increase waste, necessitating effective interface detection and cutting. Existing online densitometers, such as vibrating tube or high-accuracy magnetic suspension types, typically require external power, limiting their use in remote or emergency/temporary field operations. A self-powered device is presented that leverages gravitational force variations acting on a float to detect density changes and trigger automatic cutting. Validated with gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and water, it achieves a 10 kg/m3 resolution, deemed sufficient for functional batch separation in its target application, with switching times of 61–395 s for density differences (760–835 kg/m3). It supports 20–90% blending ratios, with a vent mitigating gas effects. The modular, robust, self-powered design suits emergency operations, offering a practical alternative to powered systems. Future work targets improved resolution and environmental testing.

Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The role of vitamin D in the etiology and development of OA is still unclear, but it may be important for both diagnosis and timely therapy. Aim. To evaluate the relationship of vitamin D levels with clinical and instrumental parameters in OA in a cross-sectional study. Materials and methods. The study included 171 patients aged 40–75 with confirmed knee OA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification, stage I–III (according to Kellgren and Lawrence). All patients signed informed consent. The mean age was 53.5±9.94 years, body mass index (BMI) was 29.8±6.4 kg/m2, and disease duration was 3 [1; 7] years. For each patient, a case record form was filled out, including anthropometric indicators, medical history, clinical examination data, an assessment of knee joint pain according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), WOMAC, and the patient's general health condition (PGHC). All patients underwent standard radiography, knee ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (WORMS), densitometry of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and laboratory tests. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the Statistica 10 software. Results. Normal vitamin D values (≥30 ng/mL) were found in 62 (36.3%) patients, low levels (30 ng/mL) in 109 (63.7%) patients, insufficiency (30 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL) in 66 (38.6%) patients, and deficiency (20 ng/mL) in 43 (25.1%). Patients were divided into three groups according to the presence or absence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency: Group 1 included patients with normal vitamin D levels, Group 2 included patients with insufficiency, and Group 3 included patients with vitamin D deficiency. Patients of the three groups were comparable in age and disease duration but differed significantly in body weight, BMI, and waist measurement (higher in groups with reduced vitamin D values; p0.05). Also, these patients had significantly higher VAS pain scores, total WOMAC and its components (pain, stiffness, and dysfunction), PGHC, and worse KOOS. More patients in Groups 2 and 3 had OA of the hip and hand joints, clinically detected synovitis, flat feet, and quadriceps muscle hypotrophy. Ultrasound examination significantly more often revealed a reduction of cartilage tissue on both the anteromedial and anterolateral surfaces of the knee joint; MRI showed more often osteitis in the medial condyles of the femur and tibia (p0.05 for all values). Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that low blood vitamin D levels (insufficiency/deficiency) were associated with a more severe knee OA. These patients had a large body weight, BMI, higher VAS pain values, WOMAC index (overall and its components), worse KOOS, PGHC, and smaller cartilage sizes in the medial parts of the knee joint (according to ultrasound); such patients were significantly more likely to have osteitis in the medial parts of the femur and tibia according to MRI. Also, stage II and III knee OA and OA of other localizations, clinically detected synovitis, quadriceps hypotrophy, and flat feet were more common.