Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Mamelukes

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  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Mamelukes”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Mamelukes"

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E.B., Kamidolla, i Salkynbaev M.B. "Historical prerequisites of appearance of Turkic Mamelukes in the abbasid caliphate". Journal of Oriental Studies 80, nr 1 (2017): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jos-2017-1-808.

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Morales-Muñiz, Dolores Carmen, i Arturo Morales-Muñiz. "Gift of the Mamelukes: Animal ambassades as vectors of exotic fauna introductions in the Spanish Middle Ages". Archaeofauna 33, nr 1 (11.01.2024): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2024.33.1.001.

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The number of exotic animal species that were introduced in Iberia during the Middle Ages constitute a defectively documented area of research, mostly addressed through historiographic methods. In this paper we evidence that even in the case of large, exotic animals exchanged as gifts among dignitaries the documentary data can be painfully incomplete. This is the case of the animal embassy that the Mamluk sultan Baybars al Bunduqdari sent in 1261 to the Castilian king Alfonso X. Although the written sources do not specify the complete list of species nor the reasons for mentioning some but not others, documentary and iconographic data suggest that, in addition to an elephant, a giraffe and a zebra, this lot included, in a decreasing order of probability, a lion, a dromedary, an ostrich, and a Nile crocodile. If such conspicuous beasts could pass unnoticed in a royal chronicle, one may contend that even in the most thoroughly documented cases, written sources may refer but a minimal fraction of the animals translocated into Iberia during the Medieval period. Such information vacuum stresses the difficulties of granting “indigenous” status to species traditionally assumed to constitute elements of the Iberian fauna when their historical contingencies are defectively known, a matter of concern for the current rewilding debate in Spain.
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‫تدمري‬, ‫عمر عبد السلام‬. "‫وظائف ومضامين النقوش التأريخية والتزيينية على عمارة طرابلس المملوكية‬ (Function and Significance of Historiographical and Decorative Inscriptions in Mameluke Monuments in Tripoli)". Abgadiyat 4, nr 1 (2009): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138609-90000016.

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The history of the city of Tripoli (Lebanon) extends for 3500 years. Nevertheless, a significant landmark event when the Mameluke conquest (688 H/1289 BCE) ended a long Crusade Era. This study presents reviews of major historiographical and decorative inscriptions on Mameluke monuments in Tripoli. In this regard, inscriptions passed through two developmental phases: The first phase encompasses the period following the Mameluke conquest and the foundation of the new city of Tripoli under the influence of possible Crusade counter-attacks. For this, monumental characteristics were dominated by simplicity of decorative inscriptions that were mostly used for commemorative and documentary purposes. The second phase occurred in a period of stability, urban expansion, and population growth. Flourishing innovative art lines casted significant impressions as in the variety of writing types and styles, developed stone, marble, or wood engravings saturated with decorations, ornaments, and drawings. These inscriptions contained a variety of contents and had several uses. They were often found on mosques, madrassas, graves, and palaces and their count exceeded more than one hundred. However, only 70 inscriptions do exist at present along with a little more than 20 Mameluke mottos (ranks) . A selection of these inscriptions will be presented in this study along with many of their characteristics including writing styles, purpose and content of these inscriptions, and some model mottos decorating Mameluke monuments. (Please note that this article is in Arabic)
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Arisha, Nada. "The Integrative Transition in the Islamic Style between The Mamelukes’ and Ottoman Eras (Analytical Study of Interior Design of Sunqur Al Saadi School and the Dervish Theater "Sama Khanna" - Cairo, Egypt)". Journal of Design Sciences and Applied Arts 3, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jdsaa.2021.69467.1102.

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Burkiewicz, Łukasz. "Kariery dragomanów pochodzenia żydowskiego w Egipcie na tle sytuacji Żydów w Sułtanacie Mameluków (XV – początek XVI wieku)". Studia Żydowskie. Almanach 13 (31.12.2023): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/sz.2307.

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Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sylwetek dwóch dragomanów pochodzenia żydowskiego — Sajfa al-Dīn Shāhīna al-Tarjumāna oraz Taghrīa Birdīa — którym udało się zrobić zauważalne kariery w otoczeniu sułtanów Mameluków na przestrzeni XV i XVI wieku. Położenie Żydów w Sułtanacie Mameluków nie było łatwe, gdyż podlegali licznym ograniczeniom ze strony panującej dynastii, i przyjmuje się, że był to okres niewątpliwie gorszy dla Żydów, niż to miało miejsce w czasach panowania Fatymidów (909–1171) i Ajjubidów (1171–1250) w Egipcie. Dodatkowo Sułtanat Mameluków na przestrzeni XIV wieku przeżywał głęboki kryzys społeczny i ekonomiczny, który odbił się również na Żydach i doprowadził do upadku rzemiosła, zmuszając ich do zajęcia się głównie handlem. Pomimo ogólnego pogorszenia się sytuacji Żydów w Egipcie pełnili oni również ważne funkcje w administracji państwa Mameluków, jak choćby rolę dragomana, czyli tłumacza języków europejskich na dworze sułtana, co później zostało zaadoptowane i powszechnie wykorzystywane przez Osmanów.
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Heuer, Jennifer. "The One-Drop Rule in Reverse? Interracial Marriages in Napoleonic and Restoration France". Law and History Review 27, nr 3 (2009): 515–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000003898.

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In the early nineteenth century, an obscure rural policeman petitioned the French government with an unusual story. Charles Fanaye had served with Napoleon's armies in Egypt. Chased by Mameluks, he was rescued in the nick of time by a black Ethiopian woman and hidden in her home. Threatened in turn by the Mameluks, Marie-Hélène (as the woman came to be called) threw in her lot with the French army and followed Fanaye to France. The couple then sought to wed. They easily overcame religious barriers when Marie-Héléne was baptized in the Cathedral of Avignon. But another obstacle was harder to overcome: an 1803 ministerial decree banned marriage between blacks and whites. Though Fanaye and Marie-Héléne begged for an exception, the decree would plague them for the next sixteen years of their romance.
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Guedes, Roberto, i Silvana Alves de Godoy. "Escravidão e mestiçagens". Revista de História da Sociedade e da Cultura 23, nr 1 (27.06.2023): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1645-2259_23-1_3.

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O artigo analisa mamelucos, mulatos e poucos pardos na sociedade paulista do século XVII. Calcado em inventários post-mortem, o artigo ressalta que a classificação social e os termos de mestiçagem em São Paulo foram gestados em meio ao confronto entre as leis reinóis portuguesas anti-escravidão indígena e a perspectiva escravista dos paulistas. Mamelucos, mulatos e poucos pardos foram vocábulos empregados de forma diferenciada em relação a várias outras categorias de época.
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Burkiewicz, Łukasz. "Kastylijczyk Pero Tafur i jego egipska misja dyplomatyczna z 1437 r. w służbie cypryjskich Lusignanów". Perspektywy Kultury 40, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2021.4001.14.

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Pomiędzy pozostającym pod panowaniem francuskiej dynastii Lusignanów Cyprem a sułtanatem Mameluków dochodziło do stosunkowo częstej wymiany posłów na przestrzeni XV stulecia. W 1426 r. Mamelucy, sprowokowani wspieranymi przez Lusignanów i działającymi z cypryjskich portów piratami atakującymi żeglugę muzułmańską i wybrzeże syryjsko-palestyńskie, dokonali inwazji na wyspę. W jej trakcie pokonali wojska Lusignanów w bitwie pod Chirokitią, króla Janusa pojmali w niewolę i uprowadzili do Kairu, a Królestwo Cypru znalazło się pod zwierzchnictwem Mameluków. Władcy Cypru, zarówno Janus, jak i jego następcy Szarlota i Jakub II, podejmowali próby zrzucenia tego zwierzchnictwa, na przykład wysyłając poselstwa z prośbami o pomoc finansową i militarną m.in. do Polski (1432). Opisy misji dyplomatycznych kierowanych przez królów Cypru do Egiptu pochodzą z kilku źródeł, w tym z relacji kastylijskiego szlachcica Pero Tafura, który w latach 1436–1439 odbył podróż aż po trzech kontynentach. Został on w 1437 r. wysłany przez króla Cypru Jana II do Kairu przed oblicze sułtana w celu ustalenia formy płacenia corocznego trybutu. Relacja Tafura jest również interesująca z uwagi na opisy ceremoniałów obecnych wówczas na dworze sułtana oraz specjalnych procedur, którym musieli się poddawać dyplomaci zamierzający uzyskać audiencję u władcy Mameluków.
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Craig, Bruce. "The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt 1260-1517". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 51, nr 1 (2008): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852008x287602.

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Stumpf, István. "A válságok hatása a politikai rendszerekre". Scientia et Securitas 2, nr 3 (22.12.2021): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/112.2021.00051.

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Összefoglaló. A második világháborút követően talán nem volt egyetlen esemény sem, amely olyan hatást gyakorolt a világ országaira, mint a koronavírus-járvány kirobbanása. A vírus-válság felgyorsította a liberális világrend erózióját, kiélezte a nagyhatalmak közötti ellentéteket, válságforgatókönyvek és prognózisok készültek. A válság rávilágított arra is, hogy kudarcra vannak ítélve azok a kormányzatok, amelyek nem ruháztak be a közösségi infrastruktúrába, és elhanyagolták a közszolgálati tudást. Az is kiderült, hogy a kormányzati intézményeknek szakértőkre és nem lojális mamelukokra van szüksége a válsághelyzetből fakadó közpolitikai gondok megoldása során. Egy világméretű és példátlan sebességgel terjedő válság elleni eredményes fellépés elsődleges frontvonala tehát a nemzetállam maradt. Summary. In times of crisis, all political systems give the executive exceptional powers, as it is not possible to face new and rapidly changing challenges within the framework of existing laws. One of the American founding fathers, Alexander Hamilton, who feared the excessive power of central government, believed that in times of emergency the system of checks and balances should be suspended. Constitutional democracy will be threatened if the rule of law is not restored after the emergency has passed. Perhaps no event since the Second World War has had such an impact on the countries of the world as the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic. The virus crisis accelerated the erosion of the liberal world order, sharpened the antagonism between the great powers, especially the US and China, and highlighted the vulnerability of the production chains that had been outsourced to the Far East in the hope of cheap labour. Crisis scenarios and forecasts were drawn up, and prominent scientists and researchers expressed the view that there would be no return to the world before the virus. The virus crisis has also highlighted the failure of governments that have not invested in community infrastructure and have neglected public knowledge. It has also shown that government institutions need experts, not loyal mamelukes, to solve public policy problems arising from the crisis. The coronavirus is the most pressing challenge of this century so far, and in responding to it, localism is being valorised as a crucial centre of solidarity and problem-solving. Forecasters fear that rising inequalities and the erosion of family savings could trigger a wave of political discontent that is more angry and violent than ever before. The majority of people will not be able to manage their children’s digital education and work from home without a separate room and computing infrastructure, so governments will need to develop special programmes to address this, and people’s health and the capacity of public health to cope will come to the fore. The pandemic crisis has provided a new argument for those who argued for the reinvention of the state and the importance of governments’ ability to act quickly to deal effectively with natural and economic crises. In recent decades, many have buried the nation state, arguing that successful responses to global problems in a globalised world cannot be found within the framework of a nation state. The Covid-19 crisis has shown that the nation state remains the first front line for effective action against a crisis that is spreading at an unprecedented global scale and speed. Different countries have followed different crisis management strategies and very significant differences in contagion rates have emerged. The crisis has reassessed the role of nation states and borders, which already played an important role in receiving migration flows.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Mamelukes"

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Kharābshah, Sulaymān ʻAbd al-ʻAbd Allāh. "Niyābat Ṭarābulus fī al-ʻAṣr al-Mamlūkī". [Amman] : Lajnat Tārīkh Bilād al-Shām, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=Wm9tAAAAMAAJ.

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Originally presented as the author's thesis (master's)--al-Jāmiʻah al-Urdunīyah, 1985.
At head of cover title: al-Jāmiʻah al-Urdunīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Yarmūk. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-250).
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Reinfandt, Lucian. "Mamlukische Sultansstiftungen des 9./15. Jahrhunderts : nach den Urkunden der Stifter al-Ašraf Īnāl und al-Muʼayyad Aḥmad Ibn Īnāl /". Berlin : K. Schwarz, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399243816.

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Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Philosophische Fakultät--Kiel--Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 2002.
Contient une édition en arabe du "Dār al-Kutub al-Qawmiyya 63 taʼrīḫ" et du "Dār al-Wat̲āʼiq al-Qawmiyya 51/346", ainsi que la traduction allemande. Commentaire en allemand. Bibliogr. p. [399]-413. Index.
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Massoud, Sami G. "An analysis of the annalistic sources of the early Mamluk Circassian period /". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85937.

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The Mamluk Sultanate that dominated Egypt and Syria over slightly more than two centuries and a half (647-922/1250-1517), witnessed the development of a prodigious historiographical production. While the historiography of the Turkish Mamluk period (647-792/1250-1382) has been the object of thorough analyses to determine the patterns of interrelations amongst its authors and the respective value of its most important sources, that of the Early Circassian Mamluk period (roughly, the last quarter of the fourteenth/eighth and the first years of the fifteenth/ninth centuries) has not as of yet received proper attention. In this dissertation, this historiographical production has been surveyed and subjected to an analysis, the methodology of which was pioneered by Donald P. Little, one that consists of close word-by-word comparison of individual accounts in the works of Syrian and Egyptian authors who wrote about this period. The focus here was on specifically non-biographical historical material contained in mostly annalistic works. Amongst the results obtained during this research was the ultimate reliance, at different degrees and depths, of all historians on the works of five authors, namely Ibn Duqmaq (d. 809/1407), Ibn al-Furat (d. 807/1405), Ibn Hijji (d. 816/1413), al-Maqrizi (d. 845/1441) and al-'Ayni (d. 855/1451), but especially the first three.
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Manjikian, Sevak Joseph. "Education and training under the Mamlūks". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20444.

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This work analyzes the methods the Mamluk Sultanate (1250--1517) used to train and educate its military and religious elite. Three separate classes of people are examined: the Mamluks, the religious elite (' ulama') and finally the children of the Mamluks (awlad al-nas). It is demonstrated that in order for the Mamluk Sultanate to function properly, both military and religious scholarship were needed. During the Mamluk period, these methods of training and education were not applied in a uniform manner.
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Huigen, Marco G. A. "The MameLuke framework an agent based architecture for ethnographic models with intelligent social actors in the socio-ecological interface". Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999187465/04.

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Jakeman, Jane. "Abstract art and communication in 'Mamluk' architecture". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83f44ba8-2ba6-4ff1-8732-9e78d65ad5c5.

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Fourteenth-century Cairo saw a movement towards abstract, geometric art. This movement reflected contemporary intellectual interests and represents the culmination of the ascendancy of Islamic philosophy over the humanist vocabulary of art. The thesis seeks explanations for the positive, i.e. for the forms which art actually took, rather than concentrating on prohibitive mechanisms. In architecture, the disappearance of stucco vegetal decoration may have been partly due to the effects of an outbreak of plague, but the main influences on contemporary art and architecture came from the esoteric habits of thought induced by sufism, alchemy and hermeticism, and from the dualist concerns of Islamic philosophy. The thesis discusses the continuity between sufism and Shī'ism, the history of sufism in Cairo as it affected art and architecture, concepts of the microcosm and the macrocosm, and theories of colour, substance and gilding. The thesis examines talismans and other esoteric material. It discusses architectural incorporata, presents a catalogue of Pharaonic material re-used in Islamic architecture, and argues that blocks bearing Pharaonic hieroglyphs represented Hermetic lore and, at entrances to buildings, paralleled the use of Pharaonic references at the beginning of esoteric manuscripts. The detailed discussion of architecture takes the form of an examination of a religious building, scrutinising the underlying principles of decoration and then moving on to specific elements such as the entrance and the mihrab. The thesis discusses, and dissents from, iconographic interpretations of architectural imagery. It attempts to evolve a terminology for discussion and concludes that 'mamluk' is inappropriate as a cultural term, since the influence of the individual patron on art and architecture was less innovative than the intellectual background of the period, and the dissociation of the patron from contemporary society has been over-estimated. It comes to the conclusion that 'an art of the bāṭin' would more effectively express the major influence on the art and architecture of fourteenthcentury Cairo.
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Broadbridge, Anne Falby. "Mamluk ideological and diplomatic relations with Mongol and Turkic rulers of theNear East and Central Asia (658-807/1260-1405) /". 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3019893.

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Draper, Thomas J. "Ibn Taymiyyah : the struggles of a mujtahid under the Bahri Mamluk sultans". 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1709519.

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This study examined the context of the Medieval Islamic qadi Ibn Taymiyyah in 14th century Bahri Mamluk Syria and Egypt and his incarcerations and death in prison by order of Sultan Nasser al-Muhammad Qalawun for ijtihad. This study demonstrated Ibn Taymiyyah practiced ijtihad, held the rank of mujtahid, and incurred the wrath of the Sultan. The evidence indicates that Taymiyyah’s independent reasoning held specific social, legal, and political threats to Qalawun, the Bahri Mamluk Sultan, during his third reign. The significant role Taymiyyah’s ijtihad played in the Sultan’s imprisonment calls for a review of previous scholarship emphasizing the role of jealousy by the religious elite and affection for Taymiyyah by the Sultan as significant factors in his conflicts.
Department of History
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Zajac, Linda Patricia. "Old age and the transmission of knowledge in the 1334 Mamluk illustrated manuscript of al-Hariri's Maqamat". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2467.

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This thesis examines ideas about old age in four anecdotes and their illustrations from the 1334 illustrated Mamluk volume of al-Hariri's (1054-1122) Maqamat in the context of early (1250-1382) Mamluk society. The Maqamat contains fifty short anecdotes with a common plot format and two main characters. In each anecdote, the narrator al-Harith relates an adventure of the hero Abu Zayd, an elderly beggar who travels throughout the medieval Islamic Middle East. Using his talent as an orator, Abu Zayd draws people together in a public place, performs an eloquent speech, and is rewarded with money and goods. Ideas about the status of old age in Muslim society originate in the Qur 'an and hadith. Attitudes about the elderly are expressed in other selected texts and in painting (frescoes and manuscript illustration). In the 1334 Mamluk volume, Maqamat illustrations either enhance the text or function independently of the text. Images portray old age as a vehicle for the transmission of knowledge and authority in the social roles of literary scholar, judge, religious leader, and teacher.
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Książki na temat "Mamelukes"

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Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), red. Power and patronage on display: Mamluk art in the new galleries at the Metropolitan Museum. Berlin: EB-Verlag, 2013.

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Frontiers, Museum With No, red. L' arte mamelucca: Splendore e magia dei sultani. Milano: Electa, 2001.

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Sabʻāwī, Aḥmad Khalaf Fandī. al-Mushayyidāt al-waqfīyah fī Miṣr khilāl al-ʻaṣr al-Mamlūkī, 800-923 H/13971517 M: Dirāsah tārīkhīyah. Miṣr al-Jadīdah, al-Qāhirah: al-Maktab al-ʻArabī lil-Maʻārif, 2015.

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Azarīkūm, ʻAbd al-Razzāq ʻUmar. al-Ṣanāʼiʻ wa-al-ḥiraf wa-al-mihan bi-dawlat al-Islām bi-Miṣr zaman ḥukm al-Mamālīk. Marrākush: al-Maṭbaʻah wa-al-Warrāqah al-Waṭanīyah, 2014.

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Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. Mamelukes in Paris: Fashionable trophies of failed Napoleonic conquest. Berkeley CA: The Doe Library, Univeristy of California, 1996.

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ʻAlī, ʻAlī al-Sayyid. al- Quds fī al-ʻaṣr al-Mamlūkī. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Fikr, 1986.

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Ḥajjī, Ḥayāt Nāṣir. The internal affairs in Egypt during the third reign of Sultan Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad B. Qalāwūn, 709-741 / 1309-1341. Wyd. 3. Kuwait: H.N. al-Hajji, 2000.

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Qāsim, Qāsim ʻAbduh. ʻAṣr salāṭīn al-Mamālīk: Al-tārīkh al-siyāsī wa-al-ijtimāʻī. al-Qāhirah: ʻAyn lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Buḥūth al-Insānīyah wa-al-Ijtimāʻīyah, 1998.

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Tawfīq, Najīb. Umm al-Mamālīk: Aʻẓam imraʼah Miṣrīyah fī al-qarn al-18. al-Fajjālah, al-Qāhirah: Dār al-ʻArab, 1989.

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Martel-Thoumian, Bernadette. Les civils et l'administration dans l'état militaire Mamlūk: (IXe/XVe siècle). Damas: Institut français de Damas, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Mamelukes"

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Coller, Ian. "The Jacobin and the Mameluke: Islam, Race and Political Culture at the End of Empire". W War, Culture and Society, 1750–1850, 67–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15996-1_4.

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"Mamelukes and Zoltans:". W Modern Hungarian Society in the Making, 109–44. Central European University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.7829/j.ctv280b7qp.11.

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Foss, Clive. "The Overlords". W The Beginnings of the Ottoman Empire, 157–62. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865438.003.0006.

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Both Osman and Byzantium were overshadowed by the great powers of the day—the Ilkhans of Iran, the Golden Horde north of the Black Sea, and the Mamelukes of Egypt who constantly strove for supremacy. With their defeat of the Seljuks in 1243, the Mongols (Ilkhanids after 1257) dominated Asia Minor for the next century, though almost succumbing to the Mamelukes in 1277. In 1261, the first independent Turkish emirate was formed. This chapter is just a brief outline of Ilkhanid rule in Asia Minor.
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"Chapter I. Egypt And The Mamelukes". W The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt 1260-1517 A.D., 1–5. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463213299-004.

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"7 Mamelukes and Zoltans: Elected Representatives under the Dual Monarchy". W Modern Hungarian Society in the Making, 109–44. Central European University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789633864883-009.

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Rowlandson, Jane. "Introduction". W Landowners and Tenants in Roman Egypt, 1–7. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198147350.003.0001.

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Abstract The site of the ancient city of Oxyrhynchus lies some 180 km south of Cairo, at the junction between a desert route from the Small (Bahriya) Oasis and the major watercourse running along western edge of the Nile valley, the Bahr Yusuf. The town, called Permedjed in Egyptian, was already in Pharaonic times the centre of its administrative region (the Nineteenth nome). It had an important cult of Thoeris, the hippopotamus-goddess of childbirth, and later also a cult of the ‘sharp-nosed’ fish, the oxyrhynchos, from which the town derived its Greek name. Under Ptolemaic and Roman rule Oxyrhynchus became an increasingly important centre of regional administration, reaching a peak of prosperity in the Byzantine period. After the Arab conquest of Egypt it retained some significance, suffering a sharp decline only under the Mamelukes. The site of the ancient city was abandoned, but its impressive limestone ruins became a source of building material and lime for the remaining inhabitants of Bahnasa, the small town which now clings to the western bank of the Bahr Yusuf, and of the equally modest Sandafa al-Fâr on the opposite bank. Part of the site has also been covered in modern times by a cemetery.
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"Mameluke, n." W Oxford English Dictionary. Wyd. 3. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/4078058598.

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"Chapter XXIII. The Mameluke Race". W The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt 1260-1517 A.D., 215–22. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463213299-026.

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"North African Mameluks and Zouaves". W Hinterland Warriors and Military Dress. Berg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/9781847888761/hinter0008.

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"CHAPTER XVI. Arrest of the Mameluke Beys". W Travels in Turkey, Asia-Minor, Syria, and Across the Desert into Egypt, 381–96. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463213411-018.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Mamelukes"

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Ariffin, Muhammad Shahimi, Azmin Sham Rambely i Noratiqah Mohd Ariff. "Wrist muscle activity of khatrah approach in Mameluke technique using traditional bow archery". W THE 2017 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2017 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5028036.

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