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Myint, Kyi Kyi. "Study on morphological characters of some mangrove plants in South-eastern Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 8, no. 4 (2019): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2019.08.00250.
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A study on the mangrvoe plants in Pyapon Township, Ayeyarwady Region, South-eastern Ayeyarwady Delta (between Lat. 94˚30′ and 95˚45′ North and between Long. 15˚30′ and 16˚25′ East), Myanmar was conducted within the period of March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 18 species of mangroves plants were recorded in the natural mangrove areas. In the present study, the taxonomic descriptions of mangrove plants were presented.
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Vinoth, R., S. Kumaravel, and R. Ranganathan. "Therapeutic and Traditional Uses of Mangrove Plants." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (August 30, 2019): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3457.
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Mangrove plants are specialized timbered plants growing in the swamps of tidal coastal areas and stream deltas of tropical and subtropical parts of the world. They have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes by the coastal folks over the years. A large number of mangrove plants grows natural and exploited especially, for use in indigenous pharmaceutical houses. Several mangroves genus produce expensive drugs which have high export potential. The utilization of plants and plant products as medicines could be traced as far back as the commencement of human civilization. Mangrove plants have been used in folklore medicines and extracts from mangrove species have prove inhibitory activity against human, animal and plant pathogens. Traditionally, the mangroves have been exploited for firewood and charcoal. Exploit has been found for mangroves in the manufacture of dwellings, furniture, boats and fishing gear, tannins for dyeing and leather production. The mangroves afford food and wide variety of traditional products and artefacts for the mangrove dwellers. The present review deals with the pharmacological activity, medicinal, traditional and produce bioactive compounds of mangrove medicinal plants.
 Keywords: Mangroves, Medicinal, Pharmacological, Recourses, Traditional.
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Maryam, Siti, Entin Daningsih, and Asriah Nurdini Mardiyyaningsih. "Identifikasi Tumbuhan Mangrove di Hutan Lindung Padu Empat-Lebak Kerawang Desa Batu Ampar Kabupaten Kubu Raya." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v12i1.11285.
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Mangroves in Batu Ampar Village, West Kalimantan Province are under threat of damage because they are used as various commercial purposes by the local community such as logging mangrove trees for the mangrove charcoal industry. Mangroves have a vital functions for the environment, so that mangrove conservation is necessary. One of the mangrove conservation efforts is to know the types of mangrove plants in an area. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of mangrove plants and categorize into major, minor and associated mangroves found in the Padu Empat-Lebak Kerawang Protection Forest, Batu Ampar Village, West Kalimantan. Data collection used a survey method with a zig-zag cruising technique. There were 3 routes used in this research. The herbarium was made to facilitate the identification of mangrove plants. The identification results showed that there were 7 species of mangrove which included in 5 families: Rhizophoraceae, Arecaceae, Meliaceae, Pteridaceae, and Moraceae. The seven species found were divided into 3 mangrove groups, namely 4 major mangroves including Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Nypa fruticans; 2 minor mangroves including Xylocarpus granatum and Acrostichum speciosum, and 1 associated mangrove, namely Ficus retusa.
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Subiyati, Amin Retnoningsih, and Enni Suwarsi Rahayu. "Diversity of Mangrove Plants in Karimunjawa National Park." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 12 (December 28, 2024): 10745–58. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.9212.
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Karimunjawa National Park (TNK) area is ± 111,625 hectares covering 27 islands located in Jepara Regency, Central Java at the northern tip of Java Island. Karimunjawa became Karimunjawa National Park (TNK) based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry and Plantation No.78/Kpts-II/1999 because it has high diversity. The complexity of ecosystems in TNK is interesting to study, such as coral reef ecosystems, mangrove forests, lowland tropical rainforests, seagrass meadows, seaweed, and coastal forests. The mangrove forest in Karimunjawa National Park is a unique ecosystem because it consists of many mangrove species. However, data on the diversity of mangrove species on this island has not been widely described. This study aims to reveal mangrove diversity in Karimunjawa National Park as a rescue strategy and explore the potential of mangrove biodiversity. This research is a descriptive study using the cruising method to explore mangrove species diversity. The location of mangrove diversity exploration is mangrove forest in Karimunjawa National Park. The results found 14 families consisting of 38 mangrove species. Among the 38 species, 24 species are true mangroves, while the other 14 species are associated with mangroves.
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Rejeki, Desi Sri. "Eksplorasi Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Batang Dan Daun Mangrove (Rhizophora Mucronate Poir) Sebagai Antioksidan Alami." Barongko: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 1, no. 1 (November 18, 2022): 166–80. https://doi.org/10.59585/bajik.v1i1.530.
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Mangroves are common plants found in coastal areas that are affected by the tides of sea water and river estuaries. Most mangrove plants have therapeutic properties. Secondary metabolite chemical compounds found in mangroves include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. Antioxidant chemicals are one of the substances produced by mangroves. Antioxidant chemical compounds are available in two types which are synthetic and natural and aim to ward off free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of stem and leaf extracts of mangrove plants (Rhizophora mucronate Poir.), and to determine the antioxidant potential value of mangrove plant stem and leaf extracts (Rhizophora mucronate Poir.) by the FRAP method. The results of phytochemical screening tests of mangrove stem and leaf plants contain compounds of Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Terpenoids and Alkaloids. The antioxidant potential in the stem sample was 116.84 mgAAE/gram Extract and the leaves were 126.22 mgAAE/g Extract. The antioxidant yield of mangrove stems and leaves has a strong category.
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Tai, Akira, Akihiro Hashimoto, Takuya Oba, Kazuki Kawai, Kazuaki Otsuki, Hiromitsu Nagasaka, and Tomonori Saita. "Growth of Mangrove Forests and the Influence on Flood Disaster at Amami Oshima Island, Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0486.
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“Mangrove” is the generic name for plants growing on tropical and subtropical tidal flats. The mangrove is used for many things, including disaster protecting land from high waves and tides and tsunamis, cleaning rivers and drainage containing soil and sand, and providing a variety of organisms with living space. Climate change and rising sea levels are threatening the future of the mangrove. Developing effective ways to conserve mangroves is thus needed, but more must be known about how the mangrove’s ecology and how it develops. It has been pointed out, for example, that mangroves increased flooding by the Sumiyo River in Amami Oshima. We studied ways to develop the mangrove at the Sumiyo River mouth in Amami Oshima and its influence in local flooding, finding that the current mangrove forest had little influence on flooding and that sediment deposition accelerating in Sumiyo Bay due to a sea dike could enlarge the mangrove forest in future.
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Siahaan, Febrina Artauli, and Dewi Lestari. "Stomatal Characteristics in Three Groups of Mangrove Plants: Major, Minor, and Associate." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 21, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.2.144-148.
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Three types of mangroves inhabit different environmental gradients and zones within the mangrove ecosystem. These three mangrove types exhibit distinct adaptation strategies. Stomata, as a crucial organ of the plant system, play a significant role in the adaptability of plants. Understanding stomata is essential for comprehending the physiological conditions and responses of plants to environmental conditions. This research aimed to study the stomatal characteristics of three different mangrove types and gain a deeper understanding of their potential adaptive strategies. This research was conducted at the Mangrove Botanical Garden Gunung Anyar, Surabaya, in November 2022. We selected two representative mangrove species from the major, associate, and minor types. Stomata of each mangrove species were observed to identify the stomatal type, density, and size using an Olympus microscope at 100 xs and 400 x magnifications. The results showed there were variations in stomatal type, density, and stomatal length and width among studied mangrove types. Major mangrove species exhibited the lowest stomatal density and the largest size of stomata compared to minor and associated mangroves. The diversity of stomatal traits among major, associate, and minor mangrove types underscores their adaptations and ecological strategies.
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P, Rohini, and Ayona Jayadev. "Impacts of Microplastics on Mangroves - A Review." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231004.
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Microplastics are an escalating pollutant that poses risks to the health of both marine and terrestrial environments. These tiny plastic particles have multiple avenues to infiltrate marine ecosystems, including mangrove forests. Notably, mangrove areas exhibit distinct ecological characteristics, leading to varying levels of microplastic contamination compared to other coastal locations. The unique way in which mangrove plants crisscross in the water creates an efficient filtering system, effectively reducing wave energy and turbulence. This, in turn, creates an environment where plastics are more likely to accumulate. Additionally, this accumulation can trigger the production of secondary microplastics through physical processes. Consequently, microplastic pollution is notably high along mangrove zones, impacting mangrove ecology both directly and indirectly. Research studies have demonstrated that varying degrees of microplastic absorption and subsequent translocation in plants can affect plant morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and genetic traits. An analysis of mangrove health has indicated that the presence of microplastic pollution has led to deteriorating or unsatisfactory conditions in all mangrove vegetation. This review is primarily focused on elucidating the impact of microplastics on mangroves. Keywords: Mangroves Ecosystem, Microplastics, Mangroves, Pollution impact.
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Dat, Ton That Huu, та Oanh Phung Thi Thuy. "\(\textit{In vitro}\) antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of endophytic bacteria from the roots of the mangrove plant \(\textit{Rhizophora stylosa}\) Griffith". Academia Journal of Biology 43, № 3 (24 вересня 2021): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/16143.
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Mangrove is one of the highly productive ecosystems and contains diverse plants and microbial communities. Bacterial endophytes from mangroves are considered as a prolific source of biological molecules with important functions in the protection of mangrove plants against herbivores, insects as well as pathogens. The present study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from the roots of mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa and to screen antioxidant,
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Muhammad Yasir, Fitria Wardani, Apliniari Yuniar, and Ardhansyah Putra Hrp. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI INOVASI BATIK DAN PRODUK MAKANAN MANGROVE DI DESA TANJUNG REJO KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG." J-ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 9 (January 31, 2022): 2157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jabdi.v1i9.1252.
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Mangroves are typical plants found in coastal areas. Mangrove batik motifs as coastal plants have not been exposed optimally. Meanwhile, the coastal environment with its flora and fauna has tremendous potential as a batik motif. Aside from being a motif, mangrove plants can also be used as natural batik dyes and mangroves can be processed into food and beverage ingredients which are currently becoming a trend in the community. The use of mangroves as natural dyes, in addition to providing natural colors and beautiful motifs, can also reduce environmental pollution. The method of implementing the activities is group-based, comprehensive assistance is provided in all aspects, starting from providing facilities and infrastructure, as well as improving various HR skills through training. To increase the selling value of the mangrove crafts produced, foster partners were given training to diversify batik products in the form of brooches, wallets, bags and exhibitions of food and drink made from mangroves. The results of this service activity can provide more varied motifs and patterns of mangrove batik. Besides that, it resulted in the diversification of mangrove batik products into brooches, wallets and bags which have a higher selling value than just sheets of cloth. The fostered partners participated in the exhibition to further introduce the results of mangrove batik to the community and related agencies.
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Piyusha, Suresh Shelar, Kumar Reddy Vijay, Suresh Shelar Gauri, and Vidya Sagar Reddy G. "MEDICINAL VALUE OF MANGROVES AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES – A REVIEW." Continental J. Fisheries and Aquatic Science 6, no. 1 (November 3, 2012): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526448.
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For a long period of time in history mangrove plant extracts have been used for various producing a wide array of novel products. Plant-derived substances have recently become of great interest owing to their versatile applications. Besides its general products, mangroves also provide many non timber products such as tannin, fish poison, medicine, food and fodder. Mangrove and mangrove associates contain biological compounds that are active antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal in nature. They also posses antifeedant, molluscicidal and pesticidal properties. Mangrove plants are a rich source of steroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Extracts from different mangrove plants are reported to possess diverse medicinal properties such as antibacterial and antihelminthics. The medicinal value of mangroves and their antimicrobial properties are discussed in this paper in brief.
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Azhari, Arif, Muhammad Yogi Saputra, Muhammad Raffi Zakaria, Debora Silalahi, Welldone Sartika, Hamdiyah Fuola Zeri Hasibuan, Rahmat Kurniawan, Sena Maulana, Syaikhul Aziz, and Sukrasno Sukrasno. "Potential Antioxidant Constituent from Leaf of Rhizophora apiculata an Typical Mangrove at Lempasing, South Lampung Coast." Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jstk.v4i2.3631.
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The mangrove woodland is a distinct bush or brine habitat characterized by a coastal sedimentation environment in which fine sediment (often rich in organic matter) accumulates in areas protected from high energy waves. Mangrove forests thrive on the coasts of tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Mangrove forest is a complex ecosystem that has a high diversity of plants, microorganisms, and animals. One of them is the Oil Mangrove (R. apiculata) which grows well on the coast of Lampung. This plant is hard, rich in tannins, and dense, mainly used to make charcoal and firewood. This plant traditionally used to treat diarrhea and nausea. Mangrove plants are tolerant to high salt levels, this special trait is due to the presence of secondary metabolites produced in response to various environmental stresses. Flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids are secondary metabolites produced by mangrove plants. Secondary metabolite compounds from mangroves have bioactivity such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer. Exploration of secondary metabolites from mangroves, especially oil mangroves locally named as Bakau Minyak, which are widely grown in the Lempasing area, coastal Lampung for the development of medicinal compounds, has not been intensely reported. This investigation aims to study the potential phytochemicals profile of R. apiculata’s leaf as an antioxidant
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Raju Aluri, Jacob Solomon. "Reproductive Ecology of Mangrove Flora: Conservation and Management." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 133–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0026.
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ABSTRACT Mangroves are dynamic and unique inter-tidal ecosystems, common in tropical and subtropical coastal environments. They are among the world’s most productive ecosystems and are important in protecting coasts from erosion by fierce tides, in promoting the diversity of marine organisms and fisheries by contributing a quantity of food and providing favourable habitats for animals. These economic uses of mangroves indicate that they play an important role in the lives and economies in the coastal regions of different countries. Mangrove forests are under immense threat worldwide due to their multiple economic uses and alterations of freshwater inflows by various upstream activities in catchment areas. Mangrove plants with unique adaptations play a crucial role in sustaining life in mangrove forests. Their reproductive biology is central to understanding the structural and functional components of mangrove forests. The success of sexual reproduction and subsequent population expansion in mangrove plants is linked to flowering timings, pollinators and tidal currents. Viviparous and cryptoviviparous plants are true mangroves while non-viviparous ones are mangrove associates. The dispersal propagule is seedling in viviparous and non-viviparous plants while it is seed in nonviviparous plants. In this study, viviparous and crypto-viviparous species were included for study. These species are self-compatible, self-pollinating and also cross-pollinating; such a breeding system is a requirement for the success of sexual reproduction and subsequent build up and expansion of population. They are entomophilous in the study region. The viviparous plants include Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and B. cylindrica. The non-viviparous plants include Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum and Aegialitis rotundifolia. Sexual reproduction and regeneration events are annual in these plants and are dependent on local insects, tidal currents and nutrient content in estuarine environment. In recent times, erratic and insufficient rainfall together with industrial pollutants released into rivers is causing negative effects on the growth, development and regeneration of mangrove flora. In effect, there is a gradual decrease in mangrove cover. Added to this is continuous exploitation of mangrove plants for fuel wood, creation of shelters for cattle and changes for industrial establishments and aquaculture development in estuarine regions. As a consequence, the existing mangrove cover is struggling to survive and also not in a position to support local needs and provide livelihood opportunities through fishery resources. Further, reduced mangrove cover is showing catastrophic effects on fishing communities who live along the shore line during the period of cyclonic surges and tsunami events.
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Nurhasanah, A. Hadian Pratama Hamzah, and Sri Harijati. "Citra Landsat 8 on Environmental Spatial Analysis for Determining the Zone of Mangrove Distribution in Langkat District." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 11 (November 25, 2023): 10028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.3950.
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Langkat Regency has the largest mangrove forest in North Sumatra. Lubuk Kertang Langkat Village from 2014 to 2018 there has been an increase in the area of mangrove forest by 69.3 Ha. Mangroves 2014-2016. By collecting data on the pattern of mangrove distribution zones in the mangrove area, it will reduce changes in the area of the mangrove area, so that the possibility of distribution of mangroves in the Langkat Regency area is known. Remote sensing using Citra Landsat 8 is part of the way to determine the distribution of mangroves. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of mangrove zones in the Langkat area using Citra Landsat 8. The research results found that there were 18 types of mangrove plants in Langkat district, namely Avicennia marina, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba, Rizophora apiculate, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana, Aegiceras corniculatum, Rizophora rumphiana, Aigeceras hydrophyliacea, Scyhiphora hydrophylicea, Avicenniam marina, Scyphiphora hydrophyliacea, Soneratia alba, Aigeceras corniculatum, Lumnitzera littorea, Rhizophora apiculate, Rhizophora mucronata. the type of mangrove plant that ranks first is Rhizophora where this plant has the highest species density value of all existing mangrove species, which is equal to 900 Ind/400m. Rhizophora is a type of mangrove plant that has a fruit length of 1.9 cm, an average of 52 cm, and a fruit weight of 56 gr. The pattern of distribution of mangrove plants in groups is based on the tendency of mangrove species to inhabit their preferred environment.
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Paul, Sushmita, Fatima Siddiqua, and Kumananda Tayung. "Exploration of Mangroves Associated Microbes for Bioactive Metabolites." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 9, no. 03 (September 28, 2023): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.03.
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Mangroves are woody plants found growing at transition zones between land and sea in tropic and sub-tropical regions. They arehighly adapted morphologically and physiologically to survive in extreme environments. Mangroves are found worldwide in theirdistribution, with 110 species that belong to 20 different families. In India, mangrove forests are mostly found on the Andaman andNicobar Islands and the West and East Coast. Mangroves have enormous ecological, commercial and biological significance. They arealso regarded as hotspots for microbes because of their rich microbial diversity. Various types of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi,microalgae and macroalgae are abundant in mangrove ecosystems. More recently, fungal endophytes associated with mangroveshave added to their microbial diversity. Many mangrove plants are used as ethno-medicine in traditional health care. Mangroves arealso used as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Fungal endophytes -colonizing medicinal plants are reported to produce importantbioactive metabolites. These endophytes are believed to produce same and more biologically active metabolites as compared to theirrespective hosts. Many fungal endophytes isolated from mangrove species have produced some important biological active metaboliteslike triterpenes, indole triterpenes, isocoumarin and marinamide. Therefore, the study of fungal endophytes associated with medicinalmangroves may give rise to important endophytic strains that might produce novel and new bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical,industrial and agricultural importance. Due to the alarming rate of depletion of mangrove genetic resources across the world, it is highlyneeded to explore fungal endophytes associated with mangroves for the inventorisation of new metabolites.
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Bambang Respati, Bambang Imawan, Agus Kurniawan, and Pratama Bimo Purwanto. "The Effect of Cultivating Rhizopora mucronate sp with Domang Method on Mangrove Survival Rate in Klayas Village." ENVIBILITY: Journal of Environmental and Sustainability Studies 1, no. 2 (October 5, 2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.55381/envibility.v1i2.200.
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Mangroves are one of the coastal plants that have various benefits. One of the benefits of mangroves is preventing abrasion. However, in some cases the survival rate for the mangroves is low due to various influencing factors, one of which is water conditions. Therefore, intervention is needed to increase the survival rate of mangroves. One intervention that can be carried out is by implementing Domang (Donat Mangrove) planting method which aims to protect mangrove seedlings from extreme water conditions. This method was implemented in Klayas Village which is in the strait area. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Donat Mangrove in increasing the survival rate of mangroves in Klayas Village. So far, the survival rate for mangrove planting in Klayas Village is only around 12% due to the extreme water conditions. However, Donat Mangrove method effectively increases the survival rate of mangrove planting by up to 31%. This shows that the application of Donat Mangrove planting method is effective in increasing the survival rate of mangroves in Klayas Village.
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Evans, Clayton W. "THE EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF OIL POLLUTION IN MANGROVE FORESTS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-367.
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ABSTRACT The mangrove forest is important in shoreline stabilization and as a nursery for many open ocean species. Complex adaptations of the plants for existence in anaerobic conditions and salt water make the mangrove forest highly vulnerable to oil pollution. Clearly, advance protection of mangrove forests is the optimal solution to minimize oil pollution damage. The more difficult question remains: What can be done to minimize the impact of oil that has entered fringe mangrove forests? Active flushing of mangroves and passive oil collection by absorbents are moderately successful in minimizing oil contact with mangroves.
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Reza Amalia, Indria Wahyuni, Meliyana Meliyana, Ranisah Ranisah, Riesta Octovian, and Siti Eliyana. "Inventarisasi Mangrove Di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Cagar Alam Pulau Dua." Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya (JB&P) 11, no. 1 (April 29, 2024): 64–80. https://doi.org/10.29407/jbp.v11i1.21767.
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Mangrove forest is a forest with a pattern shape that is influenced by the presence of tides, with anaerobic soil conditions. Mangrove forests are a group of plants consisting of various types of plants from different families, but have the same morphological and physiological adaptability to habitats affected by tides. The purpose of this study is to inventory and find out the types of plants in the Pulau Dua Serang Nature Reserve Area. The method used in this study is direct exploration with exploration, identification, literature, and documentation. The data analysis carried out in this study was in the form of descriptive qualitative, namely sampling, data collection, documentation, and identification of plant species. The results showed that 20 species of mangroves were found consisting of 15 true mangrove species and 5 associated mangrove species found in the Pulau Dua Nature Reserve Area, Serang City.
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SITOY, WELLA BABE O., and DAVE P. BUENAVISTA. "DIVERSITY OF MANGROVES AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS IN MANDANGISIAO ESTUARY, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES." REINWARDTIA 23, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/reinwardtia.2024.4604.
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The study aimed to assess the diversity status of mangroves and associates. Four transect lines were established perpendicular to the shoreline, ranging from 20 to 100 meters based on mangrove stand size. Along these transects, three 10 m × 10 m quadrat plots were set up to evaluate mangrove trees, and within each quadrat, a 2 m × 2 m regeneration plot was established. The study calculated the di-versity indices, such as relative frequency, relative density, and relative dominance to determine the species im-portance value. A total of four mangrove species and two associated plants were identified, representing three mangrove families and three genera, as well as three plant families and three genera for associated plants. The record-ed species included Avicennia marina, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Acanthus ebrac-teatus, and Acrostichum speciosum. The overall diversity value of the mangroves and associated plants was 0.87, indi-cating relatively low species richness. The true mangroves, Rhizophora mucronata exhibited the highest values for relative density (68.07%), while Nypa fruticans is the highest in terms of relative dominance (42.20%). Both have the same highest value in relative frequency (32.43%). All in all, the highest species importance value for true mangroves is Rhizophora mucronata with 126.23%. In associated plants, highest value of relative density and relative frequency belongs to Acanthus ebracteatus with 58% and 60%, respectively. Subsequently, the highest species importance value for associated plants is 118% for Acanthus ebracteatus. The study concluded that the Mandangisiao Estuary in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental has a limited species diversity, contrary to the initial hypothesis. Furthermore, the mangrove forest in the estuary faces potential threats from garbage dumping, tree cutting, boat mooring, and human encroachment, despite all the recorded species having a Least Concern conservation status.
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Pasaribu, Buntora, Kalysta Fellatami, Lantun P. Dewanti, and Ibnu Faizal. "Counseling on Oil Bodies Utilization and Mangrove Seed Conservation in Pramuka Island, North Thousand Islands District, Thousand Islands Regency." Farmers : Journal of Community Services 4, no. 2 (August 14, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/fjcs.v4i2.45917.
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Oil bodies play an important role in storing energy in plants and animals. The structure of oil bodies consists of triacylglycerol surrounded by a layer of phospholipids and bound by unique proteins. Oil bodies are widely found in various organisms such as algae, soil plant, water seeds plants, flowers, pollen, and animals. Mangrove seeds, also known as "bakau" plants, are a unique aquatic plant that can grow in water bodies throughout the world, including Indonesia, which has a high oil content of 40-70%. Mangrove seeds are a potential alternative biomass that can be used for biodiesel material. Therefore, the aim of this community service is to provide education on the oil bodies found in mangroves and the conservation of mangrove seeds, in the form of mangrove mitigation on Pramuka Island. This outreach program can provide knowledge to the community, particularly mangrove farmers on Pramuka Island, on how to utilize mangrove seeds as alternative food and biofuel sources to improve their future economic income. This outreach program also educates the local community to preserve the mangrove seeds for their sustainability in the future.
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Duryat, Slamet Budi Yuwono, Melya Riniarti, Kuswanta Futas Hidayat, Wahyu Hidayat, Rodiani, Abdulah Aman Damai, Pangestu Prasetyo, and Hafiz Ansori Dani. "Species Diversity and Herbal Medicine Utilization of Mangrove Plants: A Comparative Study among Coastal Communities in Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2024): 781–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i3.936.
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Biodiversity and local wisdom in mangrove ethnopharmacology are essential to study as a basis for conservation and health development. The study objectives were determining mangroves’ diversity and distribution, their use as herbal medicine, and their trusted medical properties. Vegetation analysis was employed to study the mangrove diversity. An interview and observation were conducted to study mangrove utilization. Mangrove diversity was determined by examining the diversity index. Mangrove utilization was determined by descriptive comparative analysis and calculating species use value, plant part value, and fidelity level. Total 28 species of mangroves from 15 families in Lampung. The highest mangrove diversity is in Lampung Timur (22 species; Shannon Index (H') = 1.93), followed by Pesawaran (21 species; H' = 1.96), Tulang Bawang (12 species; H' = 1.24), and Lampung Selatan (11 species H' = 0.90). Surprisingly, a species was used for different purposes in different areas. S. caeseolaris has the highest species use value of 0.1591. Leaves have the highest plant part value of 58%. R. apiculata, as an antiseptic, and S. caseolaris, as an antioxidant, have the highest fidelity level, 14%. Eight mangrove species trusted by the community have ten medical properties. This finding could be the basis for scientific studies to find new sources of medicine. Keywords: biodiversity, costal area, ethnopharmacology, herbal medicine, mangrove
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Hari, Prasad Mohale* Rameshwar Bhosle** Rishikesh Kadam* Swanpil Narsale*. "Mangrove restoration: Novel technique to growing new mangrove plants in degraded areas of India." Trends In Agriculture Science 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 20–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7572010.
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Mangrove restoration has drawn a lot of interest globally for a number of reasons. First, numerous mangrove locations throughout the world have shown the ecological and environmental benefits of mangrove forests. Second, mangrove forests' natural resources are heavily relied upon for subsistence. Additionally, there have been significant losses of mangroves all over the world, which has resulted in coastal erosion, a drop in fish stocks, and other environmental effects, some of which require immediate care. Last but not least, governments around the globe are demonstrating their commitment to the sustainable use of mangrove ecosystems. The activities of mangrove restoration and management are discussed in this article. The ecology, structure, and operation of the mangrove ecosystem have all been the subject of much research. Mangrove forests continue to be over-exploited, turned into aquaculture ponds, and polluted throughout the world as well as India because the findings have not been integrated into a management framework. We fervently contend that connections should be made between research and sustainably managed mangrove ecosystems.
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Hidayani, Mesalina Tri, Sri Wulandari, Heriansah Heriansah, and Elmi Novrianti Agusma. "Bio-desalination of sea water using floating plants; A laboratory experiment on three mangroves species." Akuatikisle: Jurnal Akuakultur, Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil 7, no. 2 (November 12, 2023): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.akuatikisle.7.2.159-164.
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The plant species mangrove has been knowed to be effective for the bio-desalination process. However, there is currently no scientific evidence supporting the ability of mangrove bio-desalination when implemented through the floating method. This laboratory-scale study aimed to evaluate the bio-desalination of several mangrove species using the floating method. This study consisted of four treatments and three replicates. Treatments included a control group without mangroves (treatment A) and three treatments using mangroves (treatments B, C, and D), Bruguiera sp., Rhizophora sp., and Avicennia sp., which were positioned floating in a tank using a tray. During the eight weeks of rearing, nutrients were provided through 60 mL liquid NPK fertilization. The results showed that there was a decrease in salinity concentration in all mangrove treatments between 22.5-23.9 ppt from the initial salinity of 30 ppt. Different results were observed for the treatment without mangroves, and the salinity concentration tended to increase until the end of the research to 31.6 ppt. The highest Salinity Reduction Efficiency (SRE) was achieved by Avicennia sp.. (25.1%), followed by Rhizophora sp. (22.8%), and the lowest in Bruguiera sp. (20.3%). The results of this study showed that bio-desalination using mangroves had a significant effect on SRE, and each treatment indicated a significant difference (p<0.05). The results of this study provide initial evidence of the potential of the mangrove floating method for bio-desalination of seawater into brackish water.
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Lanka, Suseela, Anitha katta, and Shantilatha Pandrangi. "Bioprospecting Mangrove Plants for Novel Anticancer Compounds." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 4A (October 2023): 2467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/llry6733.
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Plant based phytoactive compounds are attracting the worldwide attention due to their natural origin, and curative potential. The tremendously diversified, and extreme environmental conditions of mangroves make them novel sources of various phytochemicals that have immense potential to cure a range of diseases, and dreadful cancer too. Especially endophytes of mangroves are treasure chests for bio-prospecting novel anti-cancer agents. Bio-prospecting for new anti-cancer agents is the need of hour to overcome the problem of drug resistance raised by the cancer cells. The present review is mainly focused on various bioactive compounds obtained from mangrove ecosystems.
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Ginantra, I. Ketut, Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus Abimanyu, and Stephanie Regina. "Diversity of plants and birds as an ecotourism attraction in the Segara Guna Batu Lumbang Mangrove Forest, Pemogan Denpasar Bali, Indonesia." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 16, no. 4 (December 20, 2024): 1466–75. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i4.5916.
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Mangrove forests, with their diverse flora and fauna, vegetation structure, unique root systems, mud flats, and intertidal habitats with high and low tides, are very attractive ecotourism attractions. The present study aimed to identify and interpret the diversity of mangrove flora and birds in the Batu Lumbang mangrove ecotourism area of Pemogan Denpasar Bali, Indonesia. Analysis of mangrove vegetation was carried out at four research stations using the square method, and observations of bird abundance were made using the point count method. The results showed that using mangrove forests in Batu Lumbang applies ecotourism principles. In the Segara Batu Lumbang mangrove forest, 9 species of true mangroves and 9 species of associated mangrove plants were found. There were 30 species of birds belonging to 20 families. The diversity index of mangrove plants was 2.55, including the medium category. Several bird species were quite common and easy to find in this area, including the Little Pied Cormorant (Microcarbo melanoleucos), cave swiftlet (Collocalia linchi), greater egret (Egretta alba), small blue kingfisher (Alcedo coerulescens), and great billed heron (Ardea sumatrana). The bird diversity index was 3.28, which is in the high category. This shows that the condition of the mangroves in Batu Lumbang is stable. Information on the existence and interpretation of the characteristics of mangrove species and birds, the conservation status of species, and habitat use by birds are attractions in ecotourism. The mangrove and bird handbook is an important guide for guides or managers of ecotourism.
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Chandrakant S., Gokhale. "An Over View of Conservation, Restoration and Development of Mangrove Forests in Goa." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl (2024): S413—S422. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i06s.061.
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Mangroves are coastal plants spread over sea cost of tidal zones or backwaters particularly in tropical and sub-tropical climate regions. Mangroves Are Champions at Sucking Out Carbon Dioxide from Air, and each tonne removed is worth a few dollars. Hence it is important that conservation, plantation, and restoration of mangroves need to be given top priority. In fast developing world there are various issues affecting the forest, wildlife, flora and fauna environment ecology and what not, so there is urgent need of not only protecting the mangrove biodiversity but also restoring and developing mangrove forests. This paper presents an over view on mangroves and Conservation, Restoration and Development of Mangrove Forest in Goa.
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Syahbana, R., M. Basyuni, and L. A. M. Siregar. "Isolation and amplification of mangrove plants using DNA barcode in Percut Sei Tuan, North Sumatra, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 912, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012028.
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Abstract Mangroves are a collection of several species of trees or shrubs that distribute around the coastline and can survive in high salinity environments. Around 60% of mangrove forests in North Sumatra are reported to have been damaged, the main factors of this damage being the mangrove forests conversion into ponds and the expansion of oil palm plantations. Identification of mangrove species is very important in protecting and applying the biodiversity of mangrove forests. Identification of living things has evolved from morphological charcetrization to molecular identification. This study aims to explain the DNA isolation and PCR methods to identify mangrove species in North Sumatra. The results suggested that the rbcL primer used can detect mangrove species that were visualized in the form of DNA bands. The length of DNA fragments of mangrove species Acrosticum aureum ranged 632.0-619.6 bp, species Rhizophora apiculata 619.6-585.8 bp, species Nypa fruticans 600- 592.9 bp, species Avicennia alba 549.1-533.5 bp, species Hibiscus tiliaceus was not detected, and mangrove species Acanthus ilicifolius 480.3 bp.
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Sunanda Kodikara, K. A., G. B. M. Ransaraa, S. K. Madarasingheb, N. P. Dissanayakea, N. K. Abeysinghea, K. D. Prasangikac, F. Dahdouh-Guebas, and L. P. Jayatissa. "A GROWING THREAT TO TIDAL FORESTS: INCURSION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS BY INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES <i>ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS </i>A. CUNN. EX BENTH. (FABACEAE)." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 15, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1996-1499-15-4-102-105.
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Mangrove forests are reported to be invaded by invasive alien species (IAS). This study was therefore aimed at studying the level of distribution of the IAS, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. in mangrove ecosystems in the southern coast of Sri Lanka and assessing the risk to periphery of mangrove forest by considering the Rekawa mangrove forest as a model site. Growth performances of two mangrove species; Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina in the presence of Acacia plants were also tested under three different competition levels; low, moderate and high. According to the results, infestation of Acacia plants was significant in the southern coast of Sri Lanka, particularly in Matara and Hambantota districts (p<0.05). Species diversity determined as the Simpson diversity index was high (0.77) in the periphery of the Rekawa mangrove forest. Four true mangroves and two associates co-occurring with A. auriculiformis in the periphery could be observed during the field validation experiment. The highest seedling (15.4±2.2 m) and sapling (11.2±2.8 m) densities were reported for A. auriculiformis plants. Dominance, calculated as the importance value index of different species in the mangrove periphery varied from 18.0-120.6 and the latter highest was recorded for Acacia which has the highest relative density (42.1%) and the relative dominance (52.5%). The total leaf area of the Rhizophora plants grown in the high-competition level was significantly lower than that of the control plants while the dry weights at three different competition levels; were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control. This could be due to the higher root biomass allocation. In Avicennia plants, cumulative shoot height, total leaf area and dry weight of the plants grown at the high-competition level were significantly lower than that of the control plants (p<0.05). A. auriculiformis plants grown with these true mangrove species better performed and did not show any significant deviation from the respective control plants. The level of survival of Acacia was significantly reduced at 25 psu (p<0.05). Early intervention and serious scrutiny are much needed to reverse the possible impacts of IAS on mangrove forests and the need for forest conservation is emphasized.
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Bambang Gunawan, Nurlina, Sri Purwanti, Sri Hidayati, Yeni Ika Pratiwi, Mahrus Ali, and Fauziatun Nisak. "Aksi Restorasi Penanaman Mangrove Dalam Memitigasi Bencana." Asthadarma : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (October 19, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55173/asthadarmajurnalpengabdiankepadamasyarakat.v3i2.1.
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The restoration of mangrove planting in the coastal area of Gunung Anyar Village was carried out as a mitigation measure. The mangroves here function as a barrier when high tide occurs. With the mangroves, the tidal waves that occur can be muffled by the mangroves so that the impact of damage that occurs on land can be minimized. This is reinforced by the existence of government regulations with the aim of minimizing disaster damage, namely Law no. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management. The action of planting mangrove plants in one area of Surabaya City, especially the Gunung Anyar sub-district, Rungkut District is a series of community service activities for lecturers and students at Merdeka University Surabaya in 2022. This area has the potential for beaches to be used as new land for the development of mangrove plants because it is a coastal area that Of course, it is very vulnerable to seawater abrasion. The purpose of this service activity is to mitigate disasters, especially the risk of seawater abrasion, flash floods as well as to increase the potential of local areas in developing mangrove tourism, as well as improving brackish water ecosystems, especially fisheries development.
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Mardiyanto Rahayu, Slamet, and Sunarto. "Mangrove Plants Use As Medicine In Gedangan Village, Purwodadi District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province." Jurnal Jamu Indonesia 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jji.v5i2.116.
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Coastal ecosystems have high plant levels, for example mangroves and seagrasses. Mangrove forest is a type of forest located in tidal areas, especially on protected beaches, lagoons, river estuaries that are inundated and free from inundation at low tide, whose plant communities tolerate salt. Gedangan Village is one of the villages in Purwodadi District, which has mangrove areas in Purworejo Regency. This study aims to determine the types of mangrove plants that are useful the Gedangan Village, Purwodadi District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java as medicinal products. The study was conducted using roaming method in the form of observations or field observations in the mangrove area of Gedangan Village, Purwodadi District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java. Based on the research, there were eight (8) types of mangrove plants that were found as medicinal plants in Gedangan Village, namely Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Calotropis gigantea, Nypa fruticans, Acanthus ilicifolius, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ipomoea pescaprae, and Wedelia biflora. Traditionally, these mangrove species can be used as a medicine items for beri-beri, hepatitis, ulcers, wounds, diarrhea, fever, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, dizziness, asthma, bronchitis, dyspepsia, leprosy, tumors, diabetes, stomach ache, toothache, thrush, tuberculosis, muscle aches, and eczema.
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Cui, Lina, Uta Berger, Minmin Cao, Yaqi Zhang, Junming He, Lianghao Pan, and Jiang Jiang. "Conservation and Restoration of Mangroves in Response to Invasion of Spartina alterniflora Based on the MaxEnt Model: A Case Study in China." Forests 14, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061220.
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In China, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora is an important driver for the decrease of mangrove area and ecological service functions related to this habitat. In the past few decades, S. alterniflora clearing and mangrove restoration projects have mainly focused on the areas where it is already changed but ignored the potential distribution areas. This study suggested that implementation of mangrove protection prior to the areas with the threat of S. alterniflora invasion could greatly improve protection efficiency and save costs. Thus, using Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt), we estimated the potential spatial distribution of both mangroves and S. alterniflora in China, considering the current distribution data, topographical, sediments, sea surface temperature and bioclimatic variables. What’s more, we identified and calculated the potential distributed areas in each province. We aimed to explore (i) the key factors determining the distribution of mangrove and Spartina alterniflora along the coastline and (ii) the hotspots of their competitive occurrence, including S. alterniflora invasion areas and mangroves degradation areas, in order to support mangrove conservation. The model showed that the distance to the coastline and the topography play important roles in the distribution of S. alterniflora, while mangroves were more sensitive to the range of the annual sea surface temperature. Our results furthermore confirm that S. alterniflora has a wider potential distribution area (~10,585 km2) than mangroves (~9124 km2) at the coastline of China; and predict the provinces Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Zhanjiang, Beihai and Wenzhou as hotspots for the competition between mangroves and S. alterniflora. We propose that priority should be given to the protection or restoration of mangrove plants in those areas which are co-suitable for mangroves and S. alterniflora. In these areas, management measures should be conducted that hinder S. alterniflora invasions or clear existing S. alterniflora plants, firstly. This study provides guidance for the management of native species by preventing biological invasion.
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Limmon, Gino V., Eelco Waardenburg, Wouter Lengkeek, Peter Vodegel, Krisye, and Yunita A. Noya. "RESTORASI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE PADA MEDIA BIODEGRADABLE DI PESISIR DESA WAAI." MESTAKA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (April 24, 2023): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.58184/mestaka.v2i2.39.
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Mangroves are plants that live on the coast and are affected by sea tides. Mangroves play an important role in estuary areas, namely the border between seawater and fresh water because they have ecological, economic and chemical functions to support the life of organisms. Mangrove ecosystems can experience threats from both natural and human factors. Human activities that cause damage to mangroves are due to a lack of public awareness regarding the importance of mangrove ecosystems for organisms. This is the condition that occurs in the mangrove ecosystem in Waai Village, therefore, it is necessary to restore the mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove ecosystem restoration uses one of the potential media, namely BESE-Element, which is a biodegradable material. Community service is carried out in collaboration with the Pattimura University Maritime Center and Wardenburg Ecology International. The community service activities were carried out for two days, 7-8 February 2023. The result of the activity was that mangrove ecosystem restoration was carried out in semi-enclosed areas using 10 BESE-Element. The types of mangrove species planted were Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora stylosa, and Ceriops tagal. Around BESE-Elements planted seedlings and mangrove propagules as a control for mangroves in BESE-Elements. This restoration activity seems to be applicable not only in Waai Village but also in other areas that have experienced degradation of the mangrove ecosystem.
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Susanti, Farida Dwi. "Potential of mangrove ecosystem as learning sources of Biology through online learning." AMCA Journal of Science & Technology 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51773/ajst.v1i1.28.
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As an archipelago, Indonesia has thousands of islands and stretched coastlines. It is, therefore, Indonesia has many mangroves as a characteristic of plants exists on the coast. There have been many studies and trials of mangrove utilization for economic and ecological purposes, yet it is limited use of mangroves for educational purposes. This study aims to promote the mangrove ecosystem for educational purposes, particularly as a source of biology learning, increase students ’interest in studying biology, and increase students’ interest in conserving mangroves. This study used a qualitative approach with three instruments, namely observation, interview and questionnaire. The result indicated that the mangrove ecosystem could be used as a source of learning biology and be able to increase students’ interest in studying biology and conserving mangroves.
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Hidayah, Ismatul, Hardiansyah Hardiansyah, and Noorhidayati Noorhidayati. "Keanekaragaman Herba di Kawasan Mangrove Muara Aluh-Aluh." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 7, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v7i1.1090.
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<p><strong>Herbs are plants with moist stems that grow wild along roadsides or on the unmaintained ground. Herbs are more commonly associated with plants that are harmful to civilization, even though they have numerous uses in life, including traditional medicine, ornamental plants, and contextual instructional resources. People are unaware of herbs and plants categorized as herbs, which is one of the reasons why they are considered hazardous plants. A mangrove forest is a type of forest with a tidal environment; plants that may grow in mangrove forests are characteristic vegetation, notably salt-tolerant plants. The goal of this research was to describe the plant variety in the Muara Aluh-Aluh Mangrove Area. The data was gathered in the 500-meter-long Muara Aluh-Aluh Mangrove Area, which was divided into ten locations separated by 50 meters. A plot of 1 m x 1 m with as many as 4 pieces was made at each place using the line transect method and oriented diagonally. The quantity and varieties of herbaceous plants found in the plot were counted as samples. According to the findings of the study on herbaceous plant diversity in the Muara Aluh-Aluh Mangrove area, there are 21 different varieties of herbaceous plants with a diversity index of 2.66, putting them in the medium diversity category.</strong></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong> -<strong> </strong>Diversity, Herbs, Mangroves, Muara Aluh-Aluh</em></p>
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Cahyadi, Ferry Dwi, Nisa Rahayu Agustin, and Himawan Prasetiyo. "Mangrove Tree Community Structure And Community Participation Of Mangroves In Ciletuh-Palabuhan Ratu Geopark, Sukabumi." Barakuda'45: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47685/barakuda45.v5i2.339.
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The Cikadal mangrove forest area is part of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark in Mandrajaya Village. The area of this mangrove forest is 5 ha and has been reforested. The purpose of this research is to describe the community structure of mangrove plants after reforestation and the participation of the community in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark. Mangrove structure data collected using PCQ (Point Centered Quarter Method) as well as a questionnaire for community knowledge and participation in managing mangroves. The results showed that there were two types of mangroves in this area, namely Avicinnea officinalis and Rhizophora apiculata. The results of the Important Value Index with the highest score being 182.7, Rhizophora apiculata while for Avicinnea officinalis was 117.3. Knowledge of local communities about mangroves and their conservation and local community participation is in the medium-high category.
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Nengsih, Erlinda, Aried Eriadi, and Anzharni Fajrina. "Review: Antioxidant Activity Test of Various Types of Mangroves." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i08.003.
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Free radicals are reactive oxygen that have unpaired electrons looking for partners by binding to electron molecules in the vicinity. Free radicals can cause several degenerative diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease. The content of secondary metabolites in mangroves has the potential to prevent various diseases. Several methods commonly used to estimate the presence of antioxidants in plants include DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferrous reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid). The results of recent studies showed that some mangrove plants have antioxidant activity including: Rhyzophora mucronata, Nypa fruticans, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, Acanthus ilicifolius L, Acrostichum aureum dan Scaevola taccada. Mangrove plants that have the highest IC50 value were found in leaves (methanol extract). The antioxidant activity of mangrove plants is caused by the presence of secondary metabolites contained in the extract such as flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins.
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Mukhtar, Harun, Febrian Alfanico, Hasanatul Fu’adah Amran, Fitri Handayani, and Reny Medikawati Taufiq. "Deep Learning Untuk Klasifikasi Kematangan Buah Mangrove Berdasarkan Warna." JURNAL FASILKOM 13, no. 3 (December 24, 2023): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jf.v13i3.6292.
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Plants that live between land and sea, such as mangroves, are influenced by the tides and tides. Indonesia has the largest mangrove forest in the world and a variety of biodiversity and structure. People currently detect mangrove maturity by looking directly at the fruit. This study proposes to classify the maturity of mangrove fruit using artificial intelligence techniques, making it easier for farmers to determine the ripeness of the fruit. This proposal uses data from 200 images for mangroves taken directly from Lukit Village, Merbau District, Meranti Islands Regency. This research improves the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method to classify mangrove fruit maturity. The results obtained from this research were by classifying ripe and unripe fruit. Based on this research, accuracy reaches a maximum of 96%.
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Nurfadilah, Nurfadilah. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG BUAH MANGROV PEDADA (Sonneratia caseolaris) PADA MUTU DODOL KETAN." Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31970/pangan.v4i1.22.
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Mangroves are plants that live on the shores of the coast with various types of mangroves, but the mangroves used in the study are pedada, European communities know him with designation Sonneratia caseolaris . Mangrove ecosystems have benefits economical that is results wood and notwood for example brackish water cultivation, ponds shrimp, tour a and others. Benefits ecological is in the form of protection for the ecosystem mainlandand the ocean, that is could to be anchoring abrasion or erosion wave or wind tight. Mangroves have value economical important because have rightdungan high arbohydrates. Research this aiming for knowing level substitution flour sticky rice and which produces mangrove mangrove flour dodol with organoleptic high quality . This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 treatments. From the results whole test organoleptic above assessed by penelis from level fondness color, aroma, taste, texture, and fondness whole showing that penelis more like level 10% substitution with use 20 grams of mangrove flour and 180 grams of flour sticky rice.
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Supriandi, Supriandi, Neri Kautsari, Akbar Sapilin, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Ilham Syahputra, Agum Rhismanda, Tezar Rafandi, and Teguh Dwi Dharmawan. "Rehabilitasi Mangrove untuk Mendukung Perikanan Berkelanjutan dan Mitigasi Iklim di Desa Labuhan Kuris Kabupaten Sumbawa." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.10.1.112-124.
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The mangrove ecosystems in Labuhan Kuris Village, Lape Subdistrict, Sumbawa Regency are degraded. The area of mangrove ecosystems is categorized as good; it has decreased, potentially impacting the decline in fisheries' productivity, global warming, and other effects. This community service activity aims to rehabilitate mangroves through education and mangrove planting. The stages of this activity include an initial survey of community knowledge (pre-test) regarding mangroves, education and discussion sessions (talk shows), mangrove planting, and monitoring and evaluation. Meanwhile, the target audience for this activity is adult community members. Interviews using questionnaires were conducted to assess the community's initial understanding of mangroves. An educational session on the roles of mangroves was conducted by providing materials and distributing stickers about the roles of mangroves, and sessions. An evaluation of understanding levels was performed through post-tests, while monitoring and evaluation were conducted using direct observation methods in the field. Post-test results showed that 88% of the target audience understand the function of mangroves, 96% stated that mangroves ' role is to protect fish and crabs, while only 60% answered that mangroves have roles in climate mitigation. The number of participants in the educational session was 50 people. The mangrove species planted was Rhizophora sp. On this occasion, 1000 mangrove seedlings were planted, and the number of community members involved in mangrove planting was 220. Monitoring and evaluation results indicated that some plants were damaged due to trampling by livestock. Thus, mitigation was done by fencing around the planting area. Overall, the community actively participated from the beginning to the end of the activities. This condition indicates that the community is highly concerned about mangrove management. However, community participation in mangrove management should be improved.
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Fajriani, Arini, and Susilawati Susilawati. "LITERATURE REVIEW : PEMBERDAYAAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR MELALUI TANAMAN MANGROVE." Kampurui Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Journal of Public Health) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55340/kjkm.v5i1.1198.
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Community empowerment can be understood as an endeavor to restore or increase a group's capability so that they can exercise their rights and obligations as community members in a dignified manner. Mangroves are seen by residents of coastal communities as playing a significant role in the environment. Mangroves are a very promising plant because each portion may be utilized to make traditional remedies, in addition to protecting land from sea waves. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of mangrove plants as a health empowerment for coastal communities. The methodology used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The data used in the research was sourced from the Google Scholar publication database, Neliti and Research Gate using the keywords "Community Empowerment", "Public Health Empowerment", "Coastal Community Empowerment" and "Mangrove Plant Benefits". Based on journal reviews, it can be concluded from several articles that mangrove plants have many functions and uses, especially in the health sector. Plants that are usually only used as abrasion prevention in coastal areas, are able to provide good properties for the body starting from the roots, skin, leaves, and fruit of these plants. The use of mangrove vegetation as traditional medicine has been trusted by coastal communities from hereditary knowledge and trials that have been carried out. It is hoped that this article can be used as material for further study and additional information in the field of health
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Sofia, Irnanda Ummi, Ika Dyah Kumalasari, and Noridah Binti Osman. "Potential of Active Compounds in Mangroves as Food Preservatives: a Literature Review." Sainteks 19, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/sainteks.v19i1.13453.
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Mangroves have an essential role in food and nutrition for the public and coastal communities. This study aimed to obtain a general description of the types of mangrove plants, their content of bioactive compounds, extraction methods, and the potential for development and processing as alternative food sources. This study was a literature review that collected articles from Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Hindawi based on relevant articles. The types of mangrove plants whose fruit can be developed as food include Avicennia marina, A. alba, A. lanata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Sonneratia alba, and Nipah fruticans. From an economic point of view, mangroves can be used as various processed foods, beverages, and food materials.
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Wibowo, Febri Arif Cahyo, Mochamad Chanan, and Suci Intan Pratama. "Lead Level Analysis in Roots and Leaves of Mangrove Plants Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora apiculata in Clungup Mangrove Conservation." Media Konservasi 29, no. 2 (April 15, 2024): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/medkon.29.2.137.
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Indonesia is an archipelago with more water than land, which is battling water and land pollution. One form of pollution is lead which is commonly caused by battery waste, fishing boat activities, diesel waste. One solution is phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants such as mangroves. Mangroves can absorb heavy metals and maintain ecosystem stability. The dominant species in Clungup Mangrove Conservation are Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora apiculata. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the level of lead metal (Pb) pollution in mangrove sediments in the area. 2) To determine the levels of lead metal (Pb) in the roots and leaves of mangrove species Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora apiculata. 3) To determine the ability of lead metal (Pb) absorption in mangrove plants Rhizophora apiculata and Ceriops tagal. Research activities began on February 20th - May 31th, 2023. The research was conducted at Clungup Mangrove Conservation in Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency. Lab tests were conducted at the Unism Integrated Laboratory and Halal Center. Lead test results in sediments in this area are classified as very low. Lead levels in the roots of Ceriops tagal were higher than Rhizophora apiculata. Pb levels in the leaves of Ceriops tagal were also higher than the leaves of Rhizophora apiculata. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) values were higher than Rhizophora apiculata, but both were categorized as lead removal plants (BCF < 1). The Transfer Factor (TF) value showed a lower value for Ceriops tagal than Rhizophora apiculata, indicating that Rhizophora apiculata has better translocation ability. However, both are categorized as unstable plants (TF < 1). The results of the phytoremediation calculations showed that Ceriops tagal had superior absorption potential compared to Rhizophora apiculata.
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Apriani, Ajeng, Aji Ali Akbar, and Jumiati Jumiati. "Valuasi Ekosistem Mangrove di Pesisir Kayong Utara, Kalimantan Barat." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 20, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.553-562.
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Ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kayong Utara yang termasuk dalam wilayah administrasi Kecamatan Sukadana memiliki luas 1277,5 ha. Ekosistem mangrove sendiri memiliki berbagai fungsi dan manfaat, beberapa diantaranya yaitu manfaat dalam sektor perikanan, pariwisata dan sebagai mitigasi bencana seperti abrasi pantai. Keberadaan mangrove ini dasarnya memiliki nilai yang bisa dinilai dengan mata uang atas dasar manfaat yang diberikan oleh ekosistem ini. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan mangrove dan pemanfaatan mangrove oleh masyarakat serta mengestimasikan nilai ekonomi total atas dasar penggunaan ekosistem mangrove. Lokasi penelitian diambil di 7 Desa yang terdapat di pesisir Kayong Utara wilayah administrasi Kecamatan Sukadana. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan kuesioner, pengambilan data instasional dan studi literatur. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu Market Price (MP) untuk mengetahui nilai manfaat langsung ekosistem mangrove dalam perikanan, Travel Cost Method (TCM) untuk mengetahui manfaat langsung dalam sektor pariwisata dan Replacement Cost (RC) untuk mengetahui manfaat tidak langsung sebagai penahan abrasi pantai. Masyarakat memandang pengertian mangrove dalam tiga hal yaitu mangrove adalah tumbuhan bakau, mangrove adalah tempat wisata dan mangrove adalah tumbuhan yang berada di pesisir pantai. Sedangkan untuk manfaat mangrove dalam sudut pandang masyarakat terbagi atas yaitu mangrove untuk memperindah pantai, rumah tinggal ikan, benteng pertahanan pantai dan sisanya tidak atau kurang mengetahui manfaat mangrove. Terdapat sepuluh jenis vegetasi mangrove dan tiga diantaranya umum dimanfaatkan oleh msyarakat setempat yaitu Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora sp. dan Xylocarpus granatum. Kemudian hasil valuasi dengan tiga variabel yang dihitung yaitu nilai manfaat langsung hasil perikanan yaitu sebesar Rp32.573.365.665,00/tahun, nilai manfaat langsung parisiwata Rp8.704.000,00/tahun, nilai manfaat tidak langsung penahan abrasi pantai Rp42.104.162.362,50/tahun. Sehingga nilai ekonomi total ekosistem mangrove di Pesisir Kayong Utara yaitu sebesar Rp74.686.232.027,50/tahun.ABSTRACTThe mangrove ecosystem on the coast of Kayong Utara which is included in the administrative area of Sukadana District has an area of 1277.5 ha. The mangrove ecosystem itself has various functions and benefits, some of which are benefits in the fisheries sector, tourism and as disaster mitigation such as coastal abrasion. The existence of this mangrove basically has a value that can be assessed in currency on the basis of the benefits provided by this ecosystem. So, this study aims to analyze and assess the benefits of mangroves to the community and to estimate the total economic value of the use of mangrove ecosystems. The research locations were taken in 7 villages located on the coast of Kayong Utara the administrative area of Sukadana District. Data collection techniques were carried out using field observations, interviews with questionnaires, institutional data collection and literature studies. The data analysis method used is Market Price (MP) to determine the value of direct benefits of mangrove ecosystems in fisheries, Travel Cost Method (TCM) to determine direct benefits in the tourism sector and Replacement Cost (RC) to determine indirect benefits as a barrier to coastal abrasion. The community views the understanding of mangroves in three ways, namely mangroves are mangrove plants, mangroves are tourist attractions and mangroves are plants that are on the coast. Meanwhile, the benefits of mangroves in the community's point of view are divided into mangroves to beautify the beach, fish houses, coastal fortifications and the rest do not or do not know the benefits of mangroves. There are 10 mangrove vegetation and 3 of them are commonly used by local people, namely Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora sp. and Xylocarpus granatum. Then the results of the valuation with three variables calculated, namely the value of direct benefits of fishery products, which is IDR32,573,365,665.00/year, the value of direct benefits to tourism is IDR8,704,000.00/year and the value of barrier to coastal abrasion is IDR42,104,162,362.50/year. So, the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in the Kayong Utara Coast is IDR74,686,232,027.50/year.
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Samiyarsih, Siti, Tata Brata Suparjana, and Juwarno Juwarno. "Karakter Antomi Daun Tumbuhan Mangrove Akibat Pencemaran di Hutan Mangrove Kabupaten Cilacap." Biosfera 33, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2016.33.1.288.
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This research was aimed to observe the anatomical character of mangrove plants leave and examine the differences from leaves anatomical character of mangroves in Donan river and Tritih forest in Cilacap regency as an self-adaptation indicator. The method which is used was survey method by collecting leaves sample of each mangrove plants. The sample was preparated using embedding method, and stained with safranin 1% disolved in alcohol 70%. The parameter of variable which is observed in leaves anatomical character are thickness of leaves, leaves mesophyll thickness, cuticle thickness, stomata length size, and amount of stomata and trichome per leaves unit area. The data were analyzed with t-test for examining anatomical character difference. The results showed that four usual types of mangrove plants such as Achantus ilicifolius, Rhizospora mucronata, Aegiceros corniculatum, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza have similar leaves anatomical structure. The anatomical character from polluted habitat were different from unpolluted habitat. This differences was showed in leaves mesophyll thickness, cuticle thickness, stomata length size, and amount of stomata and trichome per mm2 leaves unit area.
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Handayani, Dea Fitri, Entin Daningsih, and Asriah Nurdini Mardiyyaningsih. "Inventarisasi tumbuhan mangrove di Hutan Lindung Tanjung Prapat Muda, Kecamatan Batu Ampar, Kalimantan Barat." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 28, no. 1 (June 29, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2024.v28.i01.p01.
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Each mangrove ecosystem is diversed which constituted of different vegetations. This also apply for the mangrove area in the Tanjung Prapat Muda Protected Forest, Tanjung Harapan Village, Batu Ampar District. A study of an inventory of mangrove plants was carried out to identify species make up the Tanjung Prapat Muda Protected Forest area. Data collection is conducted alongside the lanes which created by applying the combination of transect and grid lines (transect-plots design). There are 3 lanes with each line consist of 10 plots placed in a zig-zag (right-left) manner. Each plot had sub-plots of different sizes starting from the levels of seedlings (2×2 m), saplings (5×5 m), poles (10×10 m), and trees (20×20 m). Identification was carried out in the field and laboratory. Any unidentified species in the field is documented as herbarium to help identification in the laboratory later. The results shows that there are 7 mangrove species. Five of them are major mangroves (true mangroves), 1 is minor mangrove, and the other 1 are classified as associated mangroves. All the 7 species of plants are belong to 3 families: the Rhizophoraceae, Pteridaceae, and Moraceae families. Five species belong to Rhizophoraceae, namely Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, and Ceriops tagal. The Pteridaceae family consists of one species, namely Acrostichum speciosum, while the Moraceae family only consists of one species, namely Ficus retusa.
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Restrepo, Ricardo, Jorge Luis Grosso, Mónica Sanchéz, and D. Avendaño. "Chloride, barium and chromium retention in two mangrove species Avicennia Germinans and Rhizophora Mangle grown in oil industry production waters using the hydroponic culture technique." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2000): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.560.
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The objective of the present study was to determine the phytoremediation mechanism (phytoextraction y/o rhizofiltration) given by the mangroves Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans, when exposed to waters from an oil production field applying the hidroponia technique like system for growing the species. Determination of chlorides, barium and chromium bioaccumulation in tissues of mangrove species under study was compared with content of these elements in an inert substrate without mangroves. Bioaccumulation of the targeted elements was measured after 308 days exposure of the mangroves to production waters with initial barium and chromium contents of 1.25 g.m-3 and 0.002 g·m-3 respectively, and salinity in the range of 2,000 to 3,000 mg·kg-1. Bioaccumulation of the studied elements (chlorides, barium and chromium) in tissues of both species was correlated to the increment in biomass of each species, as well as to the general physical condition of the plants. Survival rates higher than 95% of the exposed plants to production water during the time of study, increment in biomass of up to 5.88 g·day-1, and concentrations of chlorides in tissues in the 0 - 170,000 mg·kg-1 during the considered period were observed. No significant difference between the two mangrove species was obtained. Bioaccumulation in tissues does not cause symptoms of deficiency in growing rates in the studied plants compared to natural rate indexes. Similarly, the analyses of inert substrate around the mangrove roots showed chloride and barium concentrations, contrary to the results of the targeted elements in the inert substrate when mangroves are not present. Both phytoremediation mechanisms were observed for the two mangrove species.
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Liu, Cheng-Chien, Tsai-Wen Hsu, Hui-Lin Wen, and Kung-Hwa Wang. "Mapping Pure Mangrove Patches in Small Corridors and Sandbanks Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050592.
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Taijiang National Park (TNP) of Taiwan is the northernmost geographical position of mangrove habitats in the Northern Hemisphere. Instead of occupying a vast region with a single species, the mangroves in TNP are usually mingled with other plants in a narrow corridor along the water or in groups on a small sandbank. The multi-spectral images acquired from the spaceborne platforms are therefore limited in mapping the abundance and distribution of the mangrove species in TNP. We report the work of mapping pure mangrove patches in small corridors and sandbanks in TNP using airborne Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral imagery. Bu considering the similarity of spectral reflectance among three species of mangrove and other plants, we followed the concept of supervised classification to select a few training areas with known mangrove trees, where the training areas are determined from the detailed map of mangrove distribution derived from the field investigation. The Hourglass hyperspectral analysis technique was employed to identify the endmembers of pure mangrove in the training areas. The results are consistent with the current distribution of mangrove trees, and the remarkable feature of a “mangrove desert” highlights a fact that biodiversity can be easily and quickly destroyed if no protection is provided. Some remnant patches located by this research are very important to the management of mangrove trees.
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Menezes, Moirah Paula Machado de, Uta Berger, and Ulf Mehlig. "Mangrove vegetation in Amazonia: a review of studies from the coast of Pará and Maranhão States, north Brazil." Acta Amazonica 38, no. 3 (2008): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672008000300004.
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The present study is a compilation of the literature about vegetation of mangrove forest of the north coast of Brazil. It synthesizes the knowledge about this important ecosystem and lists the currently available literature. The study focuses on the coast of Pará and Maranhão states, which are covered by a continuous belt of mangroves. The mangrove flora comprises six mangrove tree species and several associated species. Mangrove tree height and stem diameter vary as a function of abiotic local stand parameters. Seasonal variation in rainfall and salinity affect the species' phenology and litter fall. Local population use products derived from mangrove plants for different purposes (e.g. fuel; medicinal; rural construction). The increase in the coastal population has given rise to conflicts, which impact on mangrove forest.
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Pramono, Dwi Agung, Karyati, Ali Suhardiman, Kiswanto, and Dyah Widyasasi. "Identification of Mangrove Ecosystem Boundaries in the Coastal Area of Bontang City Based on Tides Using Geospatial Analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1430, no. 1 (December 1, 2024): 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1430/1/012018.
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Abstract Mangrove ecosystems in coastal areas are important in storing large amounts of carbon and preventing coastal erosion due to sea wave scouring. Mangrove areas have many advantages as examples of mangrove plants that provide good nutrition for the surrounding area. Mangrove plants and surrounding mangrove sediments act as carbon sinks and social benefits for coastal communities. This mangrove area is located between the beach and the river and is influenced by salt water tides. Mangroves play an important ecological role in coastal stabilization by minimizing the impact of wave and wind energy on shorelines and acting as excellent land structural protection. The existence of mangrove forest areas in Bontang City poses a threat of changes in mangrove forest areas caused by various factors, including anthropogenic and global environmental changes. With the development of geospatial science, it can be used to analyze land boundaries that are influenced by sea tides. The main objective of this study is to identify the boundaries of the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Bontang City. This research uses geospatial analysis methods with Remote Sensing and also Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research shows an overview of the boundaries of the mangrove ecosystem area on the coast of Bontang City along a coastline of 135.79 km and an estimated area of the mangrove ecosystem area of 2,413.14 Ha. The results of this research can be the basis for a rehabilitation program for mangrove ecosystem areas.
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Lestarina, Putri Mudhlika, Dafiuddin Salim, and Selviani Selviani. "ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS SERASAH MANGROVE DI DESA MUARA PAGATAN TANAH BUMBU KALIMANTAN SELATAN." Fish Scientiae 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/fishscientiae.v10i2.162.
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Mangrove adalah salah satu tumbuhan tropis yang hidup di sekitar daerah pesisir dan estuarin. Mempunyai banyak fungsi salahsatunya menghasilkan serasah yang mengandung bahan organik dimanfaatkan oleh ekosistem yang hidup disekitar mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerapatan mangrove dan menganalisis produktifitas serasah mangrove di Desa Muara Pagatan. Metode penentuan lokasi menggunakan metode purpossive sampling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei – Juni 2019. Analisis data menggunakan perasamaan (Siska,2016) Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Desa Muara Pagatan total rata-rata produktifitas serasah 7,57 g/m2/hari dengan kerapatan mangrove yang tertinggi pada stasiun 3 yakni 2700 ind/ha yang didominasi oleh jenis Rhizophora mucronata.
 
 Mangroves are tropical plants that live around coastal and estuarine areas. It has manyfunctions, one of them produces litter that contains organic material used by ecosystems that live around mangroves. This study aims to analyze the density of mangroves and analyze the productivity of mangrove litter in Muara Pagatan Village. The location determination method uses a purposive sampling method. This research was conducted in May - June 2019. Data analysis using equations (Siska, 2016) Based on the research results in Muara Pagatan Village, the total average litter productivity was 7.57 g / m2 / day with the highest mangrove density at station 3, which is 2700 ind/ha dominated by Rhizophora mucronata species.