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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Mark-up pricing”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Irmen, Andreas. "Mark-up pricing and bilateral monopoly." Economics Letters 54, no. 2 (1997): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(97)00001-3.

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Grant, Simon, and John Quiggin. "Nash equilibrium with mark-up-pricing oligopolists." Economics Letters 45, no. 2 (1994): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(94)90143-0.

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Fedderke, Johannes, Chandana Kularatne, and Martine Mariotti. "Mark-up Pricing in South African Industry." Journal of African Economies 16, no. 1 (2007): 28–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejl023.

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Naish, Howard F. "THE NEAR OPTIMALITY OF MARK-UP PRICING." Economic Inquiry 28, no. 3 (1990): 555–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1990.tb01239.x.

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Lavoie, Marc. "Mark-up Pricing versus Normal Cost Pricing in Post-Keynesian Models." Review of Political Economy 8, no. 1 (1996): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259600000035.

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Goldstein, Jonathan P. "Mark-Up Pricing over the Business Cycle: The Microfoundations of the Variable Mark-Up." Southern Economic Journal 53, no. 1 (1986): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1058965.

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Setterfield, Mark. "A Note on Mark-up Pricing and the." Review of Political Economy 8, no. 1 (1996): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259600000037.

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Fraser, R. W. "UNCERTAINTY AND THE THEORY OF MARK-UP PRICING." Bulletin of Economic Research 37, no. 1 (1985): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00182.x.

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Levy, Santiago. "A mark-up pricing model for price simulations." Journal of Development Economics 19, no. 3 (1985): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(85)90033-1.

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Prayogo, Henry. "STRATEGI PENETAPAN HARGA PADA BISNIS JASA VIDEO STAGGER MEDIA." PERFORMA 2, no. 1 (2017): 81–89. https://doi.org/10.37715/jp.v2i1.440.

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The purpose of this study is to set up the accurate pricing strategy in video service business Stagger Media. This research used the calculation of cost plus (mark up) pricing, value based pricing & competitive based pricing and also analysis to loss leading pricing method. This research used descriptive qualitative research which uses the company’s data to obtain information. Observation, interview, and documentation are used as a data collection methods in this research, while source triangulation is used as data analysis tool. Based on the predetermined set of criteria, four study infor

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11

Latifah, Eny, and Moh. Efendy Baharuddin Yusuf. "The Practice of Mark Up Pricing in Determining the Selling Price of Gold Jewelry: The Perspective of Islamic Business Ethics." Practice of Mark Up Pricing in Determining the Selling Price of Gold Jewelry: The Perspective of Islamic Business Ethics 1, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): October 2023 (2024): 20. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijgsr.v1i2.498.

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The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) The practice of Mark Up Pricing in setting the selling price of gold jewelry at H. Abdul Mukhid's shop; (2) Islamic business ethics on the practice of Mark Up Pricing in setting the selling price of gold jewelry at H. Abdul Mukhid's shop. The research method used is qualitative with the type of study Case. The results of the study are (1) Pricing of H. Mukhid's gold jewelry shop using the Mark Up pricing method, with a profit of Rp20,000 for gold jewelry produced by himself, and a profit of Rp15,000-Rp20,000 for jewelry purchased (kulakan) at sa

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Arsenos, Panagiotis, Dimitrios Charamis, and Alexandros Garefalakis. "Pricing of brand extensions based on perceptions of brand equity." Journal of Governance and Regulation 7, no. 2 (2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i2_p2.

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The paper explores the role of brand equity when pricing hypothetical brand extensions. Companies tend to use different pricing techniques for their products, and their pricing decisions are based on many factors, including image and category fit of the product with the existing image and products of the company. Brand extensions are usually investigated from a consumer perspective, focusing on the extension attitude, however, it is essential to understand the corporate decision-making process regarding pricing. Exploring this matter using quantitative research methods, the study provides empi

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13

Hamira, Hamira, Bernadette Robiani, and Mukhlis Mukhlis. "Analisis Strategi Harga, Strategi Produk, dan Keuntungan Pada Industri Kerupuk Kemplang di Kota Palembang." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 17, no. 1 (2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v17i1.8917.

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This research is aimed to analyze the pricing and product strategy and also profit of fish cracker industry in Palembang. The data used in this research is primary data which is obtained by using interview techniques to 45 fish crackers producers. The data is analyzed by using descriptive qualitative techniques. The results showed that the producers of fish crackers using Mark up pricing method to set up their price. On the average, the mark-up is 41 percent of average cost. The average profit that are received by producers is Rp1.100.288 in a week. It is also found that 77.78 percent producer

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14

Widodo, Jojok. "Analisis Investasi dan Penetapan Harga Jual Rumah Berbasis Hibrid Markup - Internal Rate of Return." Jurnal Poli-Teknologi 21, no. 2 (2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/pt.v21i2.4552.

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Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dari tahun ke tahun dapat mempengaruhi permintaan rumah tinggal oleh konsumen. Hal ini menjadi kesempatan bagi investor untuk melakukan bisnis investasi pada proyek konstruksi pembangunan perumahan. Namun di sisi lain banyak investor yang mengalami kerugian dari bisnis ini akibat kesalahan dalam menentukan nilai jual produk. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang penetapan harga jual produk dan analisa kelayakan investasinya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode hybrid mark-up dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Mark-up digunakan untuk

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Livat, Florine, and Hervé Remaud. "Factors Affecting Wine Price Mark-up in Restaurants." Journal of Wine Economics 13, no. 2 (2018): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2018.18.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine how restaurants determine the percentage of wine mark-up. Wine sales are a substantial contributor to restaurants’ profitability, therefore a better understanding of the factors affecting mark-up is critical for the industry. Here, the mark-up is expressed as a percentage over the cost and refers to a cost-plus pricing strategy. Sommeliers from around the world, the majority of whom were members of the International Sommelier Association, were approached to complete our Internet-based questionnaire administered between February 2014 and May 2014.

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Lee, Kah Seng, Yaman Walid Kassab, Nur Akmar Taha, and Zainol Akbar Zainal. "Factors Impacting Pharmaceutical Prices and Affordability: Narrative Review." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010001.

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Increasing prescription drug pricing often reflects additional work stress on medical professionals because they function as financial advisors for patients and help them manage out-of-pocket expenses. Providers or prescribers wish to help patients with prescription costs but often lack related information. Healthcare plan providers try to display prescription and drug cost information on their websites, but such data may not be linked to electronic prescription software. A mark-up is defined as the additional charges and costs that are applied to the price of a product for the purpose of cove

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Yusuf, Yusuf, Eny Latifah, and Muhammad Baharuddin Yusuf. "PRINSIP ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM DALAM MARK UP PRICING UNTUK MENENTUKAN HARGA JUAL EMAS." ECOTECHNOPRENEUR : Journal Economics, Technology And Entrepreneur 2, no. 04 (2023): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62668/ecotechnopreneur.v2i04.939.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja etika bisnis Islam yang ada pada praktik Mark Up Pricing dalam penetapan harga jual emas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis studi Kasus. Hasil Penelitian adalah Prinsip etika bisnis Islam dalam Mark Up Pricing untuk penetapan harga dengan menerapkan prinsip (a)Kesatuan: bekerja untuk ibadah serta dilakukan dengan cara halal; (b)Keseimbangan: menjaga kepercayaan pelanggan dengan menyediakan produk emas murni dengan kualitas terbaik; (c)Kehendak bebas: Bebas menentukan bahan pokok terbaik dan menyediakan pesanan

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18

Veronika Putri Nirwono, Stanly W. Alexander, and Djeini Maradesa. "Analysis of Selling Price Determination using the Cost Plus Pricing Method Based on Full Costing at Bakmie Rica Top Tomohon." Journal of Finance and Business Digital 2, no. 3 (2023): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/jfbd.v2i3.6216.

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The cost plus pricing method is a method of determining selling prices by adding up the cost of production plus a mark-up calculated based on the company's return on investment. The aim of this research is to analyze the selling price determined based on the full costing based cost plus pricing method compared to the selling price set by the company. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The research results show that there is a difference between the price set by the company and the selling price calculated using the cost plus pricing method. Of the 4 product samples used for

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19

Irandoust, Manuchehr, and Abdulnasser Hatemi J. "Pricing strategy, mark-up adjustment and foreign competition in the car industry." International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 5, no. 3 (2005): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2005.008223.

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Daly, Kevin, and Neil Hart. "Mark-up Pricing and the Forward Shifting of the Corporate Income Tax." Australian Economic Review 27, no. 3 (1994): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1994.tb00847.x.

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Deprez, Johan. "Mark-up Pricing in a Monetary Economy: An Extension of Eichner's Megacorp." Review of Radical Political Economics 20, no. 2-3 (1988): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661348802000219.

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Zhang, Chenghao, Haoyang Zhang, and Yimiao Guo. "Integrating ARIMA and GA for Profit Maximization in Supermarket Pricing Strategy." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 98 (May 16, 2024): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/g2mrkn22.

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Supermarkets need to consider a variety of factors when making vegetable replenishment and pricing decisions to meet market demand while maximising revenue. In this paper, firstly, the descriptive statistics of weekday and non-workday sales data are carried out separately and regressed to illustrate the correlation between the pricing and sales volume of each category, secondly, the ARIMA time series prediction of cost and sales volume are carried out separately, and with the goal of maximising the economic benefits in the next 7 days, the final mark-up rate and the maximum revenue are obtaine

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23

Abadi, Lilian Yulia. "EVALUASI STRATEGI PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL DALAM BISNIS GOURMET LAND CAFE." PERFORMA 1, no. 1 (2016): 112–17. https://doi.org/10.37715/jp.v1i1.104.

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The purpose of this research is to determine the selling price in Gourmet Land cafe. This research employs cost-based pricing, value-based pricing, mark-up pricing, and competition-based pricing. This research is a descriptive qualitative research which uses the company's financial data to obtain information. Observation, interview, and documentation are used as data collection methods, while Source Triangulation is used as data analysis tool. Based on the predetermined set of criteria, eight study informants are selected. They are the owner of Head On cafe, the owner of Ronk cafe, two consume

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Yoon, Moon Gil, Hwi Young Lee, and Yoon Sook Song. "Dynamic pricing & capacity assignment problem with cancellation and mark-up policies in airlines." Asia Pacific Management Review 22, no. 2 (2017): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2016.08.004.

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Zafirah, Almira Fausta, and Rumanintya Lisaria Putri. "ANALISIS PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL JASA MAKE UP DAN HAIRDO MENGGUNAKAN MODEL COST PLUS PRICING (Studi Kasus Pada Salon Ima Skincare dan Make Up Desa Kenongo Kecamatan Wlingi Kabupaten Blitar)." JCA (JURNAL CENDEKIA AKUNTANSI) 2, no. 2 (2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/akuntansi.v2i2.2282.

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Abstrak Salon Ima Skincare dan Make Up Desa Kenongo Kecamatan Wlingi Kabupaten Blitar merupakan salah satu penyedia jasa make up & hairdo yang merangkap sebagai MUA (Make Up Artist) di Kabupaten Blitar. Salon ini memiliki beberapa layanan jasa make up yang telah disusun dalam bentuk paket maupun non paket atau lepasan. Penyusunan paket maupun non paket jasa tersebut tidak lepas dari adanya penentuan harga jual. Penentuan harga jual yang ditetapkan oleh Salon Ima masih menggunakan metode harga jual yang ditetapkan oleh produsen atau menggunakan metode harga jual relatif, yaitu harga j

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Roki, Muhammad, Ana Nurmalia, Yossie Yumiati, and Ririn Afriani. "THE EFFECT OF SELLING PRICE SETTING ON VEGETABLE SALES." Jurnal Agroqua: Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan 22, no. 2 (2024): 216–24. https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v22i2.4752.

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The importance of nutrients in vegetables for the human body to meet the needs of minerals and vitamins. Indonesian people can meet their needs for vegetables with a variety of vegetable choices at varying prices. This study aims to determine the method of determining the selling price of vegetables and the effect of price determination on the number of sales of vegetable retailers at the Pulau Baai Market in Bengkulu City. The research method used is a qualitative and quantitative method. The selection of respondents used the census method totaling 28 people. The analysis used in this study i

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Lutfiyah. "Analisis Penentuan Harga Jual Berdasarkan Metode Cost PLus Pricing di Toko Lutfiyah Jaya dan di Toko Kak Ros Badung Bali." Accounting Journal of Ibrahimy (AJI) 3, no. 1 (2025): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.35316/aji.v3i1.7062.

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ABSTRAK Keputusan untuk penentuan harga jual dan perhitungan harga pokok penjualan sangat penting dalam peningkatan sebuah usaha kecil karena selain mempengaruhi pendapatan laba yang ingin dicapai usaha kecil juga bisa mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup. Penentuan harga jual untuk menentukan harga yang akan di tetapkan dalam penjualan yang akan di pasarkan. Penentuan harga jual harus mampu menutup biaya produk, biaya pemasaran dan biaya administrasi yang timbul, dan keuntungan yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan dan fokus untuk mengetahui (1) Metode penentuan harga jual pada toko Lutfiyah J

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Yeong-Sheng, Tey (John), Randy Stringer, and Wendy Umberger. "Farm-retail price transmission in Malaysian pork sector." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, no. 3-4 (2010): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/3-4/15.

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This study intends to determine the farm-retail price transmission behaviors of pork in Malaysia to serve as a good implication for pork pricing system in Malaysia. Using monthly data from January 1997 to December 2008, markup pricing model, Houck, and ECM approaches were estimated. While many previous studies found that farm-retail price transmission is asymmetric, this study encountered different result where the findings in both the Houck and ECM approaches suggested that the Malaysian pork farm-retail price transmission is symmetric. A change in farm price of pork is likely to have similar

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Valente, Piergiorgio. "Transfer Pricing Audits: Position of the Italian Courts." Intertax 41, Issue 1 (2013): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2013004.

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The Italian Tax Authorities encounter difficulties in supporting their own transfer pricing audits in an unassailable manner, which is by no means a lesser difficulty than the one the taxpayer has to face when having to structure its own transfer pricing policy, especially if its intention is to adopt traditional methods. With reference to the application of the cost-plus mark-up method, the Italian Courts rejected the Tax Authorities' assessments on the basis that comparability was not absolute. Even when the Tax Authorities - with regard to differences of functions and risks - extensively de

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Fujita, Shinya. "Mark-up pricing, sectoral dynamics, and the traverse process in a two-sector Kaleckian economy*." Cambridge Journal of Economics 43, no. 2 (2018): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bey024.

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Wu, Lixin, and Chonhong Li. "FVA and CVA under margining." Studies in Economics and Finance 32, no. 3 (2015): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-08-2014-0162.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework of replication pricing of derivatives and identify funding valuation adjustment (FVA) and credit valuation adjustments (CVA) as price components. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose the notion of bilateral replication pricing. In the absence of funding cost, it reduces to unilateral replication pricing. The absence of funding costs, it introduces bid–ask spreads. Findings – The valuation of CVA can be separated from that of FVA, so-called split up. There may be interdependence between FVA and the derivatives value, whi

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Mongula, Jermia, Rudy J. Pusung, and Sherly Pinatik. "Penerapan metode cost plus pricing dengan pendekatan full costing dalam menentukan harga jual pada Gloria Cake and Cookies." Manajemen Bisnis dan Keuangan Korporat 2, no. 2 (2025): 430–43. https://doi.org/10.58784/mbkk.266.

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In today's fiercely competitive business world, companies must innovate to stay ahead. The cost-plus pricing method is the simplest way to set a selling price by adding a mark-up or a percentage of expected profit.This study determines the application of the cost-plus pricing method with a full costing approach to determine the selling price of Gloria Cake and Cookies.The study uses qualitative descriptive research. The results show that the cost of production is smaller when using the cost plus pricing method. This is because it does not include detailed factory overhead costs, such as equipm

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Rizqikah, Nabilah Nur, Abdul Rijal, and Hariany Idris. "Analisis Penetapan Harga Jual Berdasarkan Metode Cost Plus Pricing (Studi Kasus pada Rumah Makan Raja Muda Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan)." Indo-Fintech Intellectuals: Journal of Economics and Business 4, no. 4 (2024): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.54373/ifijeb.v4i4.1754.

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This study aims to analyze the determination of selling prices based on the cost plus pricing method at Raja Muda Restaurant, Pangkajene Regency and Islands. Each restaurant sets very different prices and the way they set those prices also varies. Cost plus pricing is one of the methods used to determine the selling price. The type of research used in this study is a type of qualitative research. The sample of this study is the expenditure record of the Raja Muda Restaurant in October 2023 in Pangkajene and Islands Regency. Data collection was carried out using documentation and interview tech

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Lin, Zehao. "Market Concentration and Pricing Power: Descriptive Evidence from Chinese Industries, 2017–2021." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 7, no. 4 (2025): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2025.7.4.5.

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This study explores the relationship between market concentration and firm-level pricing power in China using panel data from 2017 to 2021. Drawing on industry-level Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) measures and firm-specific Lerner Index values, the analysis adopts a descriptive approach to investigate how different levels of industry concentration correlate with firms’ ability to mark up prices over marginal costs. Contrary to the traditional view that higher concentration uniformly enhances pricing power, the results reveal a non-linear relationship: industries with moderate concentration e

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Kolompoy, Claudio, Rudy J. Pusung, and Djeini Maradesa. "Penentuan biaya produksi dengan metode direct costing sebagai dasar penetapan harga jual pada UD Lourdes Tompasobaru." Manajemen Bisnis dan Keuangan Korporat 2, no. 1 (2024): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58784/mbkk.97.

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Direct costing is an accounting method used to calculate production costs. This method only calculates production costs that are directly related to the product and can be traced directly to the product. Normal pricing is the determination of the selling price which is determined by adding future costs with a percentage mark up or addition above the total costs calculated using a certain formula. The aim of this research is to determine the determination of production costs using the direct costing method as the basis for determining selling prices. The type of research used is descriptive qua

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HAKOBYAN, SHUSHANIK, and JOEL P. TRACHTMAN. "EU–Fatty Alcohols (Indonesia): Corporate Structure, Transfer Pricing, and Dumping." World Trade Review 18, no. 2 (2019): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745619000065.

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AbstractThe EU–Fatty Alcohols decision of the Appellate Body addressed an important issue of the scope of permissible adjustments under Article 2.4 of the Agreement on Interpretation of Article VI of the GATT 1994, focusing on the ‘mark-up’ paid by an Indonesian exporter to a related company as a difference affecting price comparability between the export price and the normal value. The Appellate Body confirmed that the primary focus of the investigating authority's assessment is on whether the relationship between related companies can be demonstrated to be a factor that impacts the prices of

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Safitri, Nelia Wulan, Dedi Mulyadi, and Santi Pertiwi Hari Sandi. "Analisis Petenapatan Harga Jual Pada UMKM Ayam Bakar Taliwang Pak Lalu Karawang." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 7, no. 3 (2024): 4072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i3.7436.

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This study aims to determine and analyze how to set the selling price of Taliawang Pak Lalu Grilled Chicken. The method used in this study is direct observation of the object under study and interviews to obtain data on data related to the cost of goods produced and the determination of the selling price of MSME production. The data used are primary and secondary data Data Management Techniques and Data Analysis By calculating the entire cost of production raw materials by including factory overhead costs, labor costs, raw material costs, calculation of cost of goods produced and calculation o

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Fika Febina Yusnita and Taufik Rahman. "ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE FULL COSTING UNTUK MENETAPKAN HARGA JUAL PADA PRODUK ES KRISTAL (Studi Pada UMKM Es Kristal Imam Desa Mabuun Kecamatan Murung Pudak Kabupaten Tabalong)." JAPB 7, no. 2 (2024): 1910–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35722/japb.v7i2.1128.

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Di era sekarang yang sudah maju ini, masih ditemukan beberapa UMKM yang masih belum memahami cara menentukan harga pokok produksi barang yang meraka produksi dan tidak menerapkan kaidah-kaidah akuntansi dalam melakukan usahanya. Perhitungan harga pokok produksi baik pada perusahaan maupun UMKM penting dilakukan, agar besarnya biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan saat akan memproduksi barang atau jasa dapat diketahui dengan jelas. Jika biaya produksi dihitung secara akurat akan sangat membantu dalam memilih harga jual yang optimal untuk mengoptimalkan keuntungan yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian in

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Smith, Douglas A. "Collective Bargaining Results." Relations industrielles 25, no. 1 (2005): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028099ar.

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The author of the following article discusses the relation-ship between inflation and collective bargaining. Collective bargaining cannot in a vacuum create inflationary wage increases. Rather, it is the interaction of mark-up or target-return pricing and profit-based wage demands that sets off the spiral of discretionary increases in wages and prices. In the author's opinion, it would be necessary to strive for intelligent methods of reducing the conflict between good industrial relations and a stable price level or face the consequences of the actions of those who seek to impose un-workable

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JABłECKI, JULIUSZ. "RISE AND FALL OF SYNTHETIC CDO MARKET: LESSONS LEARNED." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 20, no. 08 (2017): 1750052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024917500522.

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This paper uses a unique data set of more than 1000 synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) deals to describe typical structures, their pricing and performance with the aim of identifying the factors behind the spectacular collapse of this important segment of structured credit market in late 2008. The data suggests that mark-to-market losses on many synthetic CDO tranches were much more significant than in case of simpler, lower-rated products despite the former experiencing little or no impairment of the notional. The losses were driven instead by the concentration of relatively lim

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Olu Ajakaiye, D., and Ode Ojowu. "Relative price effects of exchange rate depreciation in Nigeria under fixed and fixed/flexible mark-up pricing regimes." World Development 22, no. 8 (1994): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(94)90084-1.

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T., Umamaheswari, Jayaraman R., and Felix N. "Application of Costing Techniques in Ornamental Fish Culture." Journal of Scientific Research & Reports 14, no. 6 (2017): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2017/33739.

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Indian fisheries resources need to be properly utilized for more foreign exchange earnings and for upgrading livelihood of ornamental fish farmers and entrepreneurs. Madurai district was purposively chosen as it is marked as an ornamental hub in South Tamil Nadu and offers a huge market for many goods and services including aquarium fishes. The primary data was collected from a random sample of 22 ornamental fish farmers using a pre-tested survey schedule during the year 2002-2003 with an objective of estimating the economics of ornamental fish culture by cost-plus method in Madurai district.

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Ніженковська, І. В., М. М. Бабенко, Л. О. Гала, Н. В. Шолойко, and Н. О. Дацюк. "Analysis of access to medicines for the population by the state budget in Ukraine." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 5 (October 27, 2023): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5.23.01.

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The price of medicines is an important factor in ensuring accessibility for the population in the healthcare. Ukraine actively implements pricing policies in the healthcare in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO recommendations aim to achieve two important objectives. First, they seek to ensure the availability of effective medicines for the population so that every patient has the opportunity to receive necessary treatment. Second, it is to create conditions for pharmaceutical companies to have incentives to continue their innovative activities in t

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Fesenko, Valeriia, Nataliia Svichkar, and Iryna Tiutchenko. "Accounting and Financial Models of Strategic Decision-Making in the Pricing Sphere." Oblik i finansi, no. 3(101) (2023): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2023-3(101)-45-52.

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In an unstable external environment, an urgent task for enterprise managers is to determine a pricing strategy based on internal accounting and financial data to preserve the market position in the long term. The article aims to form a model for making strategic management decisions in the field of pricing at enterprises of the commercial sector of the economy based on accounting and analytical data on the costs of the enterprise. Analysis of accounting and financial models of strategic pricing at enterprises based on market, cost and mixed approaches was carried out. Accounting and financial

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Bortoluzzo, Adriana Bruscato, Maria Kelly Venezuela, Maurício Mesquita Bortoluzzo, and Wilson Toshiro Nakamura. "The influence of the 2008 financial crisis on the predictiveness of risky asset pricing models in Brazil." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 27, no. 72 (2016): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201603220.

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ABSTRACT This article examines three models for pricing risky assets, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) from Sharpe and Lintner, the three factor model from Fama and French, and the four factor model from Carhart, in the Brazilian mark et for the period from 2002 to 2013. The data is composed of shares traded on the São Paulo Stock, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) on a monthly basis, excluding financial sector shares, those with negative net equity, and those without consecutive monthly quotations. The proxy for market return is the Brazil Index (IBrX) and for riskless

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Adeboye, Inioluwa, Stephen Williams, and Aurore Fifi-Mah. "Compounding for Rheumatologists: A Glimpse Inside the Black Box of Pricing to Patients." Journal of Rheumatology 52, Suppl 2 (2025): 47.1–47. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2025-0314.10.

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ObjectivesDrug compounding is the combining, mixing, or alteration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) into doses or dosage forms for individual patients.[1] While often prescribed by rheumatologists, the methodology behind drug compound pricing by pharmacies remains unclear to most rheumatologists. In this study, we reviewed the approach to pricing 1 of the most prescribed compounds: 100 grams of diclofenac 10% in PLO.MethodsThe constituent costs of a drug compound were determined by interviewing members of the Alberta Pharmacist’s Association. API and excipient ingredient costs were d

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Dulesov, Aleksandr S., Natalja V. Dulesova, and Irina А. Gimanova. "Impact of disequilibrium price on sales volume in a logistics system." E3S Web of Conferences 471 (2024): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447106007.

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The question of the influence of the price set by the producer on the sales volumes in a logistics system with a linear structure is considered. The impact of price on sales volumes is considered from the perspective of removing the information uncertainty that occurs when analysing the balance between supply and demand of a probabilistic nature. The impact factor analysis is based on the total cost pricing method, which includes production costs and profits. The latter is determined on the basis of a markup factor calculation. Besides, the offered price, including the mark-up, is considered a

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Khanna, Aditi, Prerna Gautam, Ahmad Hasan, and Chandra Jaggi. "Inventory and pricing decisions for an imperfect production system with quality inspection, rework, and carbon-emissions." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 30, no. 3 (2020): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor190410012k.

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The present paper considers the effect of imperfect quality items on a production system which further undergoes inspection and rework. The demand of the product is price reliant. Two situations to handle the imperfect items are analyzed: selling them at a reduced price and reworking them. The demand is assumed to meet with perfect products in either case. Further, the study incorporates the carbon-emissions borne during production of goods and their holding in the inventory system. The model aims at maximizing the profit function by jointly optimizing mark-up price and production quantity. To

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Clements, Michael P., and Marianne Sensier. "Asymmetric output-gap effects in Phillips Curve and mark-up pricing models: Evidence for the US and the UK." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 50, no. 4 (2003): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9485.5004001.

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Salgado, L. H., Moisés D. Vassallo, and Alessandro V. M. Oliveira. "Regulação, políticas setoriais, competitividade e formação de preços: considerações sobre o transporte aéreo no Brasil." Journal of Transport Literature 4, no. 1 (2010): 7–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10675649.

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This paper aims at discussing the relevance of domestic air transportation of passengers to the Brazilian economy. Firstly, we present some of the sector’s most important characteristics along with a description of the evolution of its governmental policies for the last thirty years. This analysis has the purpose of clarifying the main topics for the set-up of a regulatory mark of air transportation within the country. And secondly, we develop an empirical model of price formation by making use of recent data available from the sector and an econometric model. The empirical model allows

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