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1
HUYNH, VIET. "L'osteopenie masculine." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31049.
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Touhami, Ahami 19 Ahmed Omar. "Les dysfonctions sexuelles masculines isolées ou associées à la stérilité secondaire : aspects cliniques et épidémiologiques." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO1H064.
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PAQUEREAU, FREDERIC. "La seduction masculine." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT074M.
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MATHIS, JOELLE. "La cosmetologie masculine." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15043.
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Elinati, Elias. "Génétique de l'infertilité masculine." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872193.
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Le génotypage d'une famille jordanienne consanguine constituée de 5 frères globozoospermiques et de 3 frères fertiles sur puce Affymetrix, a permis d'identifier un nouveau gène responsable de la globozoospermie situé dans un intervalle de 6.4Mb en 12q14.2. Au regard de son expression prédominante dans le testicule et l'implication de son orthologue, chez C. elegans, dans la polarisation cellulaire, le gène DPY19L2 est un gène candidat parfait. Le gène, codant pour une protéine transmembranaire, est flanqué par deux séquences répétées (LCRs) qui partagent 96,5% d'identité. Dans une première étude, une délétion de 200Kb englobant l'ensemble du gène a été mise en évidence chez les 4 frères infertiles de cette famille jordanienne ainsi que chez 3 autres patients non apparentés. Nous avons ensuite recruté une plus grande cohorte de 54 patients. Parmi ces patients, 20 sont homozygotes pour la délétion de DPY19L2 et 7 sont hétérozygotes composites associant la délétion hétérozygote et une mutation ponctuelle. En outre, nous avons identifié, 4 patients avec des mutations ponctuelles homozygotes. Par conséquent, la fréquence d'implication de DPY19L2 s'élève à 66.7%. En tout, 9 points de cassures, regroupés en deux hotspots au sein des LCRs, ont pu être mis en évidence. Ceci confirme que le mécanisme sous-jacent de la délétion est une recombinaison homologue non allélique (NAHR) entre les LCRs. En conclusion, nous confirmons que DPY19L2 est le principal gène de la globozoospermie et nous élargissons le spectre des mutations possible dans ce gène.
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Grandjean, Isabelle Marie-Françoise. "Oligoasthenospermie et resistance aux androgenes." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN11215.
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Williams, Craig Arthur. "Roman homosexuality : ideologies of masculinity in classical antiquity /." New York ; Oxford : Oxford university press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37557518c.
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Said, Lamia. "Aromatase, estrogènes et infertilité masculine." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2020.
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L’implication de l’aromatase dans la qualité du spermatozoïde a été appréhendée chez des patients tunisiens consultant pour infertilité et présentant des anomalies de la mobilité et de la forme des spermatozoïdes. Une diminution significative du transcrit aromatase a été notée chez les tératospermiques et les asthénotératospermiques. Les asthénospermiques se divisent en deux sous-groupes avec des taux d’ARNm de l’aromatase abaissés dans le premier et augmentés dans le second. Une corrélation significative entre les taux de transcrits de l’aromatase et le pourcentage de formes atypiques et/ou l’IAM a été enregistrée. Les taux des paramètres biochimiques du plasma séminal montrent une diminution du fructose chez les asthénozoospermiques en comparaison aux asthénotératozoospermiques. L’analyse de corrélation révèle que l’a-glucosidase neutre est corrélée avec le volume séminal et le pH; l’acide citrique avec le pH et le fructose avec le volume séminal, la numération des spermatozoïdes et la morphologie. Une implication des gènes de l’aromatase et des récepteurs aux estrogènes alpha dans la stérilité des hybrides chromosomiques issus de croisements entre souris domestiques Robertsoniennes (22Rb) 2n=22 et standard (40Std) 2n=40 a été vérifiée par l’analyse de l’expression des gènes de l’aromatase et du récepteur aux estrogènes alpha. Nos résultats n’ont pas montré de différence des taux d’ARNm de ces marqueurs dans les testicules entre les hybrides et les races parentales, mais chez les femelles une réduction du taux d’ARNm de l’aromatase a été observée dans les ovaires des hybrides du croisement (♀40Std×♂22Rb)<br>The involvement of aromatase in the quality of the spermatozoa was undertaken in Tunisian patients with abnormal mobility and morphology spermatozoa and undergoing infertility assessment. A significant decrease of aromatase transcript was noted in both teratozoospermia and asthenoteratozoospermia groups compared with normozoospermia. Asthenozoospermia group was divided into two sub-groups with aromatase mRNA rates lowered in the first and increased in the second. Moreover, a significant correlation between mRNA aromatase and the percentage of sperm morphology and/or MAI was recorded. The seminal plasma biochemical parameters in these patients revealed a significant reduction of fructose level in the asthenozoospermic in comparison with asthenoteratozoospermic patients. The correlation analysis reveals that neutral a- glucosidase is correlated with seminal volume and pH; citric acid with pH and fructose with seminal volume, sperm count and morphology. The implication of aromatase and estrogen receptor alpha gene in the sterility of chromosomal hybrid mice resulting from crosses between Robertsonian (22Rb) 2n = 22 and standard (40Std) 2n = 40 domestics mice was verified by the analysis of the expression of aromatase and estrogens receptor alpha genes. Our data showed no difference of mRNA rates of these two markers in the testes between hybrids and parental races but, in females a reduced level of aromatase ARNm was observed in the ovaries of hybrids resulting from the cross (♀40Std×♂22Rb)
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Lancaster, Sarah Helen, and Sarah Helen Lancaster. "Evil Matriarchs & Masculine Dramas." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625030.
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This thesis explores the characterization of evil matriarchs within quality television
dramas. Contemporary serial dramas are often masculinized, which complicates the
portrayals of female characters. The analysis focuses on motherhood, because mothers are
simultaneously uplifted and disregarded by the male characters within these shows more
so than other female characters. In contrast to the idealized depictions of motherhood
found throughout television, this thesis focuses on matriarchs that resort to villainy in
order to retain power for their families. The case studies examine Gemma Morrow from
Sons of Anarchy and Cersei Lannister from Game of Thrones, as these shows are strong
representations of contemporary masculine dramas. The research reveals that evil
matriarchs desire masculine freedom and the power attached to it; however, their maternal
love for their children prevents them from successfully dismantling gender hierarchies.
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FOURRIER, PASCALE. "Aspects actuels de l'hysterie masculine." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M196.
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Souza, Ezequiel de. "Do genérico ao gênero: as experiências masculinas como ponto de partida para o fazer teológico." Faculdades EST, 2009. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=178.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>A presente dissertação apresenta as transformações que proporcionaram a
emergência do campo de estudos das masculinidades, resultado das
transformações ocorridas na sociedade e na academia a partir do movimento
feminista. Com o acesso das mulheres às diferentes esferas da sociedade, a
superioridade masculina foi abalada, gerando a crise do modelo de masculinidade
tradicional. As fissuras na masculinidade tradicional evidenciaram a existência de
masculinidades alternativas. Olhares sobre as masculinidades desde uma
perspectiva interdisciplinar permitem identificar três modelos de interpretação das
masculinidades. São modelos construídos a partir da perspectiva da análise e não
do conteúdo específico das pesquisas. Identificamos também três dimensões
recorrentes nas leituras. Embora sejam complementares, foram separadas a fim de
proporcionar uma visão mais detalhada sobre cada dimensão. Os estudos sobre as
masculinidades centram sua atenção nos signos sexuais da identidade masculina,
relacionando as outras dimensões ao falocentrismo e à libido dominandi. Por fim,
sistematiza o modo como a teologia tem trabalhado com as masculinidades, fim de
identificar qual o papel que a experiência ocupa no fazer teológico.<br>This dissertation presents the transformations which provided the rise of the study
field of manliness, result of transformations which happened in society and academy
and were started by the feminist movement. With the access of women to different
spheres of society, the masculine superiority was affected, generating the crisis of
model of traditional manliness. The fissures in traditional manliness had evidenced
the existence of alternative manliness. Glances on manliness since an
interdisciplinary perspective allow us to identify three models of interpretation of
manliness. They are models built since the analysis perspective and not since the
specific content of researches. We also identified three appealing dimensions in the
readings. Although they are complementally, they were separated in order to provide
a more detailed vision on each dimension. The studies about manliness center its
attention in sexual signs of masculine identity, relating the other dimensions to the
phallus centrism and the libido dominandi. Finally, it systematizes the way as
theology has been working with manliness, in order to identify which is the role that
the experience occupies in theological studies.
12
Marrega, Maria Fernanda. "Ser homem de 45 a 55 anos na relação heterossexual: da ruptura do silêncio a reflexões de paradigmas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-10102006-095421/.
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MARREGA, M. F Ser homem de 45 a 55 anos na relação heterossexual: da ruptura do silêncio a reflexões de paradigmas. 2005. 319 p. Dissertação. FFCLRP- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2005. Resumo A heterossexualidade se apresenta como padrão de sexualidade instituído como norma sexual adequada, portanto pouco investigado. A definição de homem como chefe do lar, forte, inatingível emocionalmente, consiste na oposição da idéia do conceito do que é ser mulher, considerada sensível, frágil e passiva. Esse conceito patriarcal possui como paradigma uma definição clara de papéis de gênero, sendo legitimado pela divisão social de trabalho, na qual os homens situam-se na esfera pública da sociedade, provendo materialmente a família, enquanto as mulheres são aptas à esfera privada, zelando pelo lar e pelos filhos. Entretanto, as conquistas sexuais das mulheres e sua inserção no mercado de trabalho, ocasionaram mudanças nesse cenário. Isso juntamente com as conquistas dos homossexuais e transexuais desencadeou mudanças significativas nos papéis de gênero e na estrutura familiar. Assim, essa pesquisa visa compreender como homens de meia-idade que se autodenominam heterossexuais vivenciam e significam suas experiências afetivas e sexuais, no decorrer de suas histórias. Centramos nossa atenção ao fenômeno: O que é a heterossexualidade? Entrevistamos 6 homens entre 45 e 55 anos, utilizamos a técnica de entrevista compreensiva gravada, norteada pela questão: Na sua história de vida, da infância até os dias atuais, como você foi se percebendo heterossexual e como isso tem sido?. A metodologia fenomenológica foi utilizada para a obtenção dos relatos dos colaboradores, por meio da entrevista fenomenológica compreensiva. Os depoimentos foram analisados pela perspectiva psicanalítica e pela análise histórico sociológica. A heterossexualidade é descrita pela maioria dos colaboradores como sendo algo que brota do íntimo de forma natural e que se confirma por meio da intensa atividade sexual com as mulheres, assim como define-se também por oposição à identificação com o feminino e à possível inclinação homossexual. Esse modelo patriarcal do homem de verdade, gera fortes características narcísicas na estrutura da identidade masculina, que se expressam intensamente na adolescência, dificultando a relação de troca afetiva na vida adulta. Sexo e afetividade são vividos de modo cindido, visto que o primeiro é vivido com mulheres com quem não se deve viver envolvimento e compromisso. O compromisso amoroso deve ser assumido com mulheres de família. As relações adultas são marcadas, assim, pelos esteriótipos dos papéis de gênero. Esse formato de relacionamento amoroso é questionado e refletido por alguns dos colaboradores na meia-idade, visto que dificulta a satisfação e a sensação de autenticidade na relação amorosa. Os padrões onipotentes e viris da ideologia patriarcal heterossexual são questionados pela maioria dos colaboradores, uma vez que não satisfazem mais a necessidade afetiva e sexual desses homens na meia-idade. Alguns colaboradores, entretanto realizam uma adaptação desses valores em um novo formato para se adequar às mudanças que o tempo impôs em seus relacionamentos. A busca por uma maior autenticidade na relação amorosa ocasionou na história de alguns colaboradores o abandono dos esteriótipos ligados aos papéis de gênero, assim como em relação ao formato burguês da família moderna, constituindo relacionamentos e grupos familiares diferentes do padrão da sociedade Moderna. Outros colaboradores permaneceram inseridos nesse padrão tradicional. Essa heterogeneidade, caracterizada pela mescla entre a pluralidade de modelos e o tradicional nos relacionamentos, configura o contexto da hipermodernidade, no qual essas vivências estão inseridas. Palavras Chave: heterossexualidade, masculino, Fenomenologia, Psicanálise<br>MARREGA, M. F To be a 45- to 55-year-old man in a heterosexual relationship: From rupture of the silence to reflections on paradigms. 2005. 319 p. Dissertação Mestrado - FFCLRP- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2005. Abstract Heterosexuality is presented as a pattern of sexuality established as the sexual norm however, it has been studied little. The definition of the man as the head of the household, strong, emotionally unaffected, consists of the opposing concept of being a woman, considered sensitive, fragile and passive. This patriarchal concept has as a paradigm a clear definition of the roles of gender, which has been legitimized by the social division of work, in which men place themselves in the public sphere of society, materially providing for the family, whilst the women are apt for the private sphere, taking care of the home and the children. However, the sexual achievements of women and their inclusion in the labor market, has caused changes in this scenario. This, together with the conquests of homosexuals and transsexuals triggered significant changes in the roles of gender and the familial structure. Thus, this research aims at understanding how middle-aged men who consider themselves heterosexual, experienced and denoted their affective and sexual experiences over their lives. We focused our attention on the phenomenon: What is heterosexuality? Six men between the ages of 45 and 55 were interviewed utilizing the technique of recorded comprehensive interviews directed by the question: In your life story, from childhood to nowadays, how did you perceive you were heterosexual and how has this been? The phenomenologic methodology was utilized to obtain the reports of the collaborators, by comprehensive phenomenologic interviews. The interviews were analyzed from the psychoanalytical point of view and by analyzing the sociological history. Heterosexuality is described by most of the collaborators as being something that naturally emerges from the within and which is confirmed by intense sexual activity with women, thus it is also defined as opposed to the identification with femininity and the possible homosexual inclination. This patriarchal model of a true man creates strong narcissist characteristics in the structure of the masculine identity, which are intensely expressed in the adolescence, making the relationship of affective exchange difficult in the adulthood. Sex and affectivity are lived independently, as the first is lived with women with whom you should not become involved and compromised. Loving involvement should be adopted by women of families. Adult relationships are thus, marked by stereotypes of roles of gender. This format of loving relationships is questioned and reflected upon by some of the middle-aged collaborators, as it makes satisfaction and the sensation of authenticity in the loving relationship difficult. The omnipotent and viripotent patterns of the heterosexual patriarchal ideology are questioned by the majority of the collaborators, as they do not satisfy the affective and sexual necessities of these middle-aged men anymore. Some collaborators however, manage to transform these values into another format to adapt to the changes that time has imposed on their relationships. The pursuit of a greater authenticity in the loving relationship caused some collaborators to abandon the stereotypes linked to the roles of gender, as well as the bourgeois format of the modern family, constituting relationships and family groups different to the norms of the modern society. Other collaborators remain part of this traditional pattern. This heterogeneity, characterized by a plurality of models including the traditional in relationships, configures the context of hypermodernity in which these existences are inserted. Key words: heterosexuality, masculine, phenomenology, psychoanalysis
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Dupont, Charlotte. "Impact de la corpulence masculine et de la nutrition maternelle sur les fonctions de reproduction masculine." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132048.
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Le surpoids et l’obésité, dont la prévalence augmente régulièrement depuis quelques décennies, ont un impact négatif sur les fonctions de reproduction masculine. De plus, le concept de DOHAD suggère que l’environnement très précoce pourrait programmer à long terme la fertilité d’un individu. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer, d’une part, la relation entre l’obésité et les paramètres spermatiques, d’autre part, l’influence de l’environnement maternel et du développement néonatal sur les fonctions de reproduction masculine. Dans une étude incluant 300 hommes infertiles, nous avons observé un impact négatif de l’obésité sur l’intégrité de l’ADN spermatique. L’obésité abdominale, évaluée par impédancemétrie et mesure du tour de taille, semble également impacter sur la qualité spermatique. Nous n’avons cependant pas observé d’influence du surpoids ou de l’obésité sur la capacité des spermatozoïdes à se fixer à la zone pellucide. Nous rapportons aussi l’histoire de 6 patients infertiles présentant une obésité abdominale et une augmentation de la fragmentation de l’ADN spermatique. Après quelques mois de prise en charge hygiéno-diététique, une diminution ciblée de l’obésité abdominale et une amélioration de l’intégrité de l’ADN spermatique et du bilan hormonal ont été observées. Les 6 couples ont par la suite obtenu une grossesse et la naissance d’un enfant en bonne santé. Concernant l’impact de la croissance in utero sur les paramètres spermatiques masculins, nous avons observé une corrélation négative entre le poids de naissance et le nombre total de spermatozoïdes, ainsi qu’une corrélation positive entre le poids de naissance et la fragmentation de l’ADN spermatique. Une étude chez le lapin nous a permis d’observer un impact négatif de l’hyperlipidémiehypercholestérolémie maternelle sur le poids des testicules et des épididymes des lapins adultes et sur les concentrations en testostérone, montrant ainsi l’importance de l’alimentation maternelle dans le développement des fonctions de reproduction masculine. Ces résultats confirment l’importance de la corpulence des hommes dans la prise en charge de l’infertilité. Les effets néfastes de l’obésité, simplement définie par l’IMC, ou de l’obésité abdominale, définie par une augmentation du tour de taille, pourraient être réversibles avec une prise en charge adaptée. L’alimentation de la mère pendant la grossesse semble également être un facteur important pour la programmation de la fertilité à long terme. Ce travail s’inclut dans un large projet, qui prend en compte l’origine multifactorielle de l’infertilité et nécessite une prise en charge multidisciplinaire très précoce du couple.
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Brugnon, Florence. "Apoptose du spermatozoïde et fertilité masculine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726203.
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Pour mieux comprendre la signification des marqueurs d'apoptose dans les spermatozoïdes éjaculés humains, l'objectif de notre étude était de mesurer ces marqueurs dans les spermatozoïdes prélevés à différents niveaux du tractus génital masculin dans différentes situations physiopathologiques. Pour évaluer la qualité fonctionnelle de ces spermatozoïdes, des relations ont été recherchées entre l'expression de ces marqueurs et les résultats obtenus en assistance médicale à la procréation. Les marqueurs analysés sont des facteurs mis en jeu dans l'initiation et l'activation de l'apoptose (poly-caspases, caspase-3, -8 ou -9 activée(s)), et des signes précoces (externalisation de la phosphatidylsérine, PS) ou tardifs (fragmentation de l'ADN) de l'apoptose. Pour certains échantillons, une analyse ultrastructurale des spermatozoïdes a aussi été réalisée. la mesure de l'expression des caspases activées a fait l'objet d'une mise au point compte-tenu de l'hétérogénéité des populations spermatiques et de la faible quantité de spermatozoïdes disponibles. Finalement, nous avons retenu une mesure par double marquage associant un inhibiteur fluorescent vert des caspases activées et un colorant fluorescent rouge (Propidium Iodide) avec une détection soit en cytométrie en flux soit en microscopie à fluorescence selon la nature des spermatozoïdes analysés. Chez des patients présentant une agénésie bilatérale des canaux déférents, la proportion de spermatozoïdes vivants ou morts exprimant des caspases activées est plus élevée dans les spermatozoïdes testiculaires que dans les spermatozoïdes épididymaires suggérant une initiation du processus apoptique dans les testicules et une incapacité des spermatozoïdes épididymaires à initier l'apoptose. Dans ces conditions, en ICSI, le risque d'injecter un spermatozoïde apoptique dans un ovocyte est plus élevé avec les spermatozoïdes testiculaires et pourrait expliquer pour une part, les résultats de moins bonne qualité avec ces spermatozoïdes testiculaires qu'avec les spermatozoïdes épididymaires. Chez des patients infertiles, porteurs d'une translocation chromosomique réciproque ou Robertsonienne autosomique, il existe une expression plus importante des modifications ultrastructurales et des marqueurs biochimiques d'apoptose (caspases activées, fragmentation de l'ADN, externalisation de la PS) associée à des signes d'immaturité ultrastructurale, comparé aux spermatozoïdes d'hommes fertiles. Ces résultats pourraient expliquer que dans l'éjaculat de ces patients, il existe une prédominance de gamètes équilibrés sur le plan chromosomique. En effet, les gamètes présentant un déséquilibre auraient été éliminées préférentiellement par apoptose. En conclusion, les marqueurs d'apoptose exprimés par les spermatozoïdes éjaculés seraient le reflet d'une altération de la spermatogenèse avec une apoptose initiée et avortée dans le testicule associée à des anomalies de maturation et différentiation. La mesure des marqueurs d'apoptose dans les spermatozoïdes apporterait une aide dans la compréhension et la prise en charge de l'infertilité masculine, en particulier en assistance médicale à la procréation.
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Macqueen, Ruth. "Masculine identity after traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/60949/.
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Background: Men are twice as likely to experience a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) as women suggesting that aspects of masculine identity play an important role in how people acquire their brain injury. Research also suggests that masculine identity influences how people manage their health experiences. Masculine identity may therefore be an important consideration for neuropsychological therapy and rehabilitation more generally particularly because part of the process of rehabilitation concerns helping individuals with their sense of self. This research aimed to explore men’s experiences of masculine identity following TBI. Method: Individual interviews were conducted with 10 men age 21-67 who had experienced a TBI who were living in the community. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to consider lived experiences and to explore the meaning of the TBI experience in relation to masculine identity. Results: Three superordinate themes emerged from the analysis: Doing life and relationships differently: Participants identified changes in aspects of their role as a man within relationships, family, occupation and social groups. Self-perceptions and the perceived view of others: Self-perceptions and others perceptions of the ability to perform roles as a man resulted in experiences of shame and loss of self-confidence. The invisibility of the injury appeared to both accentuate and protect from the experience of shame. Managing the impact: Participants identified ways in which they thought about their lives and reformulated their behaviour in order to protect their identity as a man. Conclusions: The findings suggest that men experience changes in masculine identity following TBI, particularly when ideals about independence and roles were challenged. The findings highlight how masculine identity may be a valuable aspect of self in considering threats to and reconstruction of self-identity after TBI. Aspects of gender identity should be considered in order to promote engagement, support adjustment and achieve meaningful outcomes in rehabilitation.
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Baume, Brugnon Florence. "Apoptose du spermatozoïde et fertilité masculine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://theses.clermont-universite.fr/nondiff/2009CLF1MM01.pdf.
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Pour mieux comprendre la signification des marqueurs d'apoptose dans les spermatozoïdes éjaculés humains, l'objectif de notre étude était de mesurer ces marqueurs dans les spermatozoïdes prélevés à différents niveaux du tractus génital masculin dans différentes situations physiopathologiques. Pour évaluer la qualité fonctionnelle de ces spermatozoïdes, des relations ont été recherchées entre l'expression de ces marqueurs et les résultats obtenus en assistance médicale à la procréation. Les marqueurs analysés sont des facteurs mis en jeu dans l'initiation et l'activation de l'apoptose (poly-caspases, caspase-3, -8 ou -9 activée(s)), et des signes précoces (externalisation de la phosphatidylsérine, PS) ou tardifs (fragmentation de l'ADN) de l'apoptose. Pour certains échantillons, une analyse ultrastructurale des spermatozoïdes a aussi été réalisée. La mesure de l'expression des caspases activées a fait l'objet d'une mise au point compte-tenu de l'hétérogénéité des populations spermatiques et de la faible quantité de spermatozoïdes disponibles. Finalement, nous avons retenu une mesure par double marquage associant un inhibiteur fluorescent vert des caspases activées et un colorant fluorescent rouge (Propidium Iodide) avec une détection soit en cytométrie en flux soit en microscopie à fluorescence selon la nature des spermatozoïdes analysés. Chez des patients présentant une agénésie bilatérale des canaux déférents, la proportion de spermatozoïdes vivants ou morts exprimant des caspases activées est plus élevée dans les spermatozoïdes testiculaires que dans les spermatozoïdes épididymaires suggérant une initiation du processus apoptique dans les testicules et une incapacité des spermatozoïdes épididymaires à initier l'apoptose. Dans ces conditions, en ICSI, le risque d'injecter un spermatozoïde apoptique dans un ovocyte est plus élevé avec les spermatozoïdes testiculaires et pourrait expliquer pour une part, les résultats de moins bonne qualité avec ces spermatozoïdes testiculaires qu'avec les spermatozoïdes épididymaires. Chez des patients infertiles, porteurs d'une translocation chromosomique réciproque ou Robertsonienne autosomique, il existe une expression plus importante des modifications ultrastructurales et des marqueurs biochimiques d'apoptose (caspases activées, fragmentation de l'ADN, externalisation de la PS) associée à des signes d'immaturité ultrastructurale, comparé aux spermatozoïdes d'hommes fertiles. Ces résultats pourraient expliquer que dans l'éjaculat de ces patients, il existe une prédominance de gamètes équilibrés sur le plan chromosomique. En effet, les gamètes présentant un déséquilibre auraient été éliminées préférentiellement par apoptose. En conclusion, les marqueurs d'apoptose exprimés par les spermatozoïdes éjaculés seraient le reflet d'une altération de la spermatogenèse avec une apoptose initiée et avortée dans le testicule associée à des anomalies de maturation et différentiation. La mesure des marqueurs d'apoptose dans les spermatozoïdes apporterait une aide dans la compréhension et la prise en charge de l'infertilité masculine, en particulier en assistance médicale à la procréation<br>In order to have a better insight into the implications of apoptosis markers in human ejaculated spermatozoa, the aim of our study was to measure these markers in the spermatozoa collected at different levels in the male genital tract in various physiopathological situations. To analyse the functional quality of these spermatozoa, the analysis of relationships between the expression of these markers and the results obtained after assisted reproductive technology was assessed. The markers analysed are factors that are involved in the initiation and activation of apoptosis (activated poly-caspases, caspases-3, -8, -9) and early (externalisation of phosphatidylsérine, PS), or late (DNA fragmentation) signs of apoptosis. Ultrastuctural analysis of the spermatozoa was also carried out for some samples. Measurement of the expression of activated caspases was subject of adjustment given the heterogeneity of the sperm samples and the low quantity of spermatozoa available. Finally, we decided on measurement using a double staining associating a green fluorescent inhibitor for the activated caspases and a red fluorescen vital staining (Propidium Iodide), with detection either by flow cytometry or by fluorescent microscopy depending on the type of spermatozoa to be analysed. In patients presenting congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, the proportion of living or dead spermatozoa expressing activated caspases was higher in the testicular spermatozoa than in the epididymal spermatozoa suggesting that the apoptotic process started in the testicles and that epididymal spermatozoa were incapable of initiating apoptosis. Under these conditions, in case of ICSI, the risk of injecting an apoptotic spermatozoa into an ovocyte is higher with the testicular spermatozoa and could explain, in part, the different and inferior results obtained with these testicular spermatozoa, compared with epididymal spermatozoa. In the ejaculated spermatozoa of infertile reciprocal or Robertsonian autosomal translocation carriers, the expression of ultrastructural modifications and biochemical markers of apoptosis (activated caspases, DNA fragmentation, PS externalisation) associated with signs of ultrastructural immaturity was higher than in spermatozoa of fertile men. These results could explain that in the ejaculate of these patients, there is a predominance of chromosomal balanced spermatozoa. The gametes presenting an imbalance would have been preferentially eliminated by apoptosis. In conclusion, the apoptosis markers expressed by ejaculated spermatozoa would reflect the impairment of spermatogenesis with apoptosis initiated and aborted in the testicle associated with maturation and differentiation abnormalities. So measurement of apoptosis markers in spermatozoa could be helpful for the understanding of male infertility, particularly to predict the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies
17
Baume, Brugnon Florence Grizard Geneviève. "Apoptose du spermatozoïde et fertilité masculine." Clermont-Ferrand : Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand 1, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_105.
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Banic, Predrag. "La pathologie urologique dans l'infertilité masculine /." [S.l : s.n.], 1985. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Lash, Steven Joseph. "Cardiovascular reactivity to stress in men: effects of masculine gender role stress appraisal and masculine performance challenge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43901.
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<p>Previous research has shown that excessive
cardiovascular reactivity may be important in the
development of coronary heart disease. The present study
examines the role of masculine cognitive appraisal of stress
as a mediator of cardiovascular reactivity in men. The
reactivity of men who differed on a measure of cognitive
appraisal of masculine gender role stress (MGRS) was
compared using the cold-pressor test under conditions of
high and low masculine performance challenge. Under
conditions of minimal challenge, it was predicted that high
and low MGRS men would not differ on reactivity. Under high
challenge, high MGRS men were expected to show greater
reactivity than low MGRS men. Since coping responses are
related to appraisal of stressful situations and impact on
cardiovascular reactivity,
subjects' coping responses were
also assessed. Analysis of results for systolic blood
pressure confirmed the major predictions. High MGRS men
showed greater systolic blood pressure reactivity than low
MGRS men under high challenge and equal or less reactivity
under low masculine performance challenge. In general, the
high and low MGRS groups did not differ in their use of
coping strategies as a function of the high and low
challenge condition. The implications of MGRS appraisal for
men's health are discussed.</p><br>Master of Science
20
Barthes, Julien. "Approche évolutionniste de la préférence homosexuelle masculine." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20125/document.
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La préférence homosexuelle masculine (PHM) est considérée comme un paradoxe darwinien car c'est un trait partiellement héritable, induisant une baisse de succès reproducteur, ayant une fréquence (en Occident) entre 2 et 6 % et qui semble propre à l'espèce humaine (en excluant les espèces domestiquées). La sélection de parentèle, ou bien un facteur pléiotrope antagoniste sont classiquement proposés, bien que l'essentiel des données proviennent de sociétés occidentales. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle hypothèse, basée sur la stratification sociale et permettant d'expliquer la spécificité humaine, dans laquelle la migration sexe-dépendante de type hypergyne amplifie la sélection d'un gène antagoniste. La plausibilité de cette hypothèse est confirmée par des modèles théoriques d'ESS et des modélisations individu-centrés. De plus, une analyse comparative basée sur données anthropologiques a permis de montrer un lien entre le niveau de stratification d'une société et la probabilité que la PHM soit connue dans cette société. La sélection de parentèle, mesurée dans une société non-occidentale (Indonésie), semble participer à la compensation du coût reproductif de la PHM, mais insuffisamment pour en expliquer le maintien. Les principales caractéristiques familiales associées à la PHM, l'excès de grands frères, et la fécondité accrue dans certaines classe d'apparentés, se retrouvent également en Indonésie. Toutefois, en Indonésie, les classes d'apparentés concernées différent en partie des résultats obtenus en occident et ne correspondent pas aux attendues de l'hypothèse de sélection sexuellement antagoniste portée par le chromosome X. La prise en compte de l'interaction entre facteurs sociaux et biologiques ainsi que l'acquisition de données hors des sociétés occidentales ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de compréhension de ce paradoxe darwinien<br>Male homosexual preference (MHP) is considered as a Darwinian paradox, as it is partially heritable, induces a reproductive cost, has a prevalence estimated (in western countries) between 2 and 6%, and seems to be specific to humans (excluding domesticated species). Kin selection or sexually antagonistic factors have been proposed as possible explanations, although most data come from western countries. Here, we proposed a new hypothesis, based on social stratification, able to explain the specificity of human MHP, in which hypergyny (up-migration of the women) enhances the selection of a sexually antagonistic gene. This hypothesis is supported by theoretical models (ESS) and individual-based modelling. Furthermore, a comparative analysis based on anthropological data showed that the level of social stratification predicts the probability for MHP to be known in a society. Kin selection was tested in a non-western society (Indonesia), and seems to contribute to the compensation of the reproductive costs associated with MHP, although this effect alone was insufficient to explain the maintenance of MHP. The main biodemographic features associated with MHP, an excess of older brother and an increased fecundity of some classes of relatives, were also found in Indonesia. However, the classes of relatives affected by this increased fecundity differ from the classes affected in western populations, and differ from the predictions of the sexually antagonistic genetic factor hypothesis displayed on an X chromosome. Taking into account the interaction between social and biological factors, together with the acquisition of new data in non-western populations, open new perspectives in our understanding of this Darwinian paradox
21
McLeod, Shaun, and shaun mcleod@deakin edu au. "Chamber: Dance improvisation, masculine embodiment and subjectivity." Deakin University. School of Communication and Creative Arts, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.114658.
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POULY, ELISABETH. "Hypofertilite masculine : comparaison entre fivete et gift." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13045.
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HEYRAUD, DOMINIQUE. "Evolution de l'oligo-asthenospermie dans l'infertilite masculine." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31704.
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Lahoda, Oksana, and Yanwen Lin. "Men's costume and "masculine shaping" in design." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17899.
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The authors propose to consider the problem of gender identity, which in male fashion can be identified by means of "masculinity". The aim of the study is to determine the constants of a man's suit that are associated with exclusively masculine qualities in clothing and constitute the meaning of the category "masculinity", its gender subtext. It has been established that in its historical and socio-cultural development, the design of a man's suit and trends in men's fashion are closely related to socio-psychological types, their style of life, and the ideology of subcultures.
25
Kartje, Michael J. "PASSED DOWN: MASCULINE FAMILIAL RELATIONS IN FILM." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1491.
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My short narrative film Passed Down follows three generations of men in a family: a son, a father and a grandfather. Composed of four short scenes, the film focuses on the three characters as they work through issues of masculinity, passed down from one generation to the next. My film suggests that this cultural sharing is part of a much larger set of social boundaries that help define what it is to "be a man". These scenes reflect my own personal experience with this phenomenon, as a son and as a father myself.
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Heyraud, Dominique. "Evolution de l'oligo-asthénospermie dans l'infertilité masculine." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11083.
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Ponzio, Jean-Marc. "Troubles de la sexualité masculine d'origine médicamenteuse." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11282.
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Antunes, João David Soares. "O Homem feminino. O género feminino aplicado ao vestuário para homem." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3661.
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Tese de Mestrado em Design de Moda<br>Esta investigação incide sobre o género na moda, defendendo a
dissipação da fronteira entre roupa para homem e roupa para mulher, com o
objectivo de impulsionar a moda feminina para o homem através de uma
pequena colecção.
Averiguou-se a história do vestuário e da moda, cruzando estes
conhecimentos com factores psicológicos e sociológicos, e analisando as
posições de género estabelecidas ao longo do tempo, tal como as suas
consequências ao nível estético e da moda.
Chegou-se a uma pequena colecção de roupa feminina para homem,
desligando o sexo do género, e atingindo uma composição estética inovadora
mas complementar para o seu corpo, sendo esta inspirada nos arquétipos
femininos de Carl Jung e no deus grego Hermafrodito.
Teve-se em atenção o universo feminino contraposto ao masculino, no
qual vemos peças que se mantiveram inalteradas ao longo de décadas e que
mostram uma tradição masculina já pouco compatível com o desenvolvimento
que se tem vindo a notar ao nível do design de autor.
Chegámos a uma nova estética masculina, pretendendo deixar um
contributo para o conhecimento e desenvolvimento social, impulsionando a
moda para homem em novas direcções tal como incentivar novos tipos de
consumidores de moda e novos estilos; no fundo, uma expansão do universo
masculino.<br>ABSTRACT - This research focuses on genre in fashion, defending the dissipation of the boundry between clothes for men and clothes for women, intending to stimulate feminine fashion for men through a small collection.
The history of costume and fashion was studied and this knowlege was crossed
with psychologic and sociologic factors. Then the genre positions established through time, as well as their aesthetic and fashion consequences, were analyzed. A small collection of feminine clothes for men that unattatches sex from genre, and achieves an inovative aesthetic composition that is still complementary to the men’s body was created – inspired by Carl Jung’s feminine archetypes and the greek god Hermaphroditus. There was a focus in the feminine universe as oposed to the masculineuniverse, in which we observe garments that remained inaltered through decades and show a masculine tradition no longer compatible with the development seen in the last decades in author design. This resulted in a new masculine aesthetic, intending to leave a
contribute to knowledge and social development, boosting menswear in new
directions, as well as encourage new types of fashion consumers and new
styles; an expansion of the masculine universe.
29
Wigley, Kathryn Louisa. "Young men's help seeking for psychological distress : does conformity to masculine norms influence the response to masculine-focused promotional material?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599899.
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Lagerlöf, Nina. "A Study of the Terms Feminine and Masculine." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-344.
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Allen, Stephanie. "Male rape as a threat to masculine identity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365679.
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Watkins, Mary. "Grooming men : culture and constitution of masculine identities." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/grooming-men(a71b33ca-b6de-4f5b-a7ea-e2b54216de36).html.
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Consumer culture expanded considerably throughout the twentieth-century. Consumer commodities, goods and services became ever more significant in the everyday lives of those living in the Western world. Consumer and marketing industries have invested considerable resources into sites of information that have cultivated a relationship between consumer commodities and identity with consumer brands and products positioned as signifiers of owners’ identities, used to reflect individuals’ tastes, preferences, sexual orientation, class, income, ethnicity and gender. Drawing on Zygmunt Bauman’s extensive body of work as a framework for analysis this thesis examines how a shift from a production-led to a consumer-driven culture has impacted on the identity of modern men, an identity that was until the late twentieth-century more closely associated with employment and production than consumption. By focusing on men’s relationship with and involvement in consumer markets, particularly the male grooming product market, this thesis makes an empirical contribution to the men and masculinity academic field, examining new ways of understanding male identity, masculinity and the male gender role. This focus is achieved through a modified grounded-theory approach which draws data from document analysis, a focus group, an online questionnaire and an online discussion forum. The findings show an increasing fluidity in the ways in which male identity, masculinity and the male gender role are represented in media content. These representations have stimulated and reflected modern men’s greater identification with and embodiment of a growing number of liquid identities and a blurring of gender roles. I argue that whilst male identity is still shaped by men’s involvement in production consumer commodities are increasingly significant, with men’s interest and engagement in consumer markets, particularly the male grooming product market, facilitating the cultivation of short lived identities which constitute new ways of understanding and being a man in the twenty-first century.
33
Montjean, Debbie. "Anomalies génétiques et épigénétiques associées à l'infertilité masculine." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066724.
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Gomez, Lacayo Juan Pablo. "Masculine/National Authorities; catholic/military citizenshipsNicaragua 1930-1943." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417697124.
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Sabatie, Emmanuel. "Contribution sociologique à une recherche sur l'homosexualité Masculine." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30010.
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" Être gay " n'est pas nécessairement un signe de joie et encore moins la marque d'un espoir en un avenir qui serait aux couleurs de l'arc-en-ciel (symbole de Acte Up). Il peut être un monde noir, clos, renfermé sur lui-même et qui laisse peu de place au projet, à l'épanouissement individuel ou à la vieillesse et au corps malade. Les informations médiatisées, de natures journalistiques, politiques, militantes ou encore pseudo scientifiques, ont pour caractéristiques de cacher cette réalité que dévoile le terrain. La réalité n'est en effet jamais ce que le " on " en dit, car un savoir sérieux décrit la réalité comme une chose plus complexe qu'elle ne le paraît au niveau d'un savoir commun. Ce savoir doit évoluer et par cette évolution se distinguer de ce que pense le plus grand nombre<br>" To be gay " is not necessary a sign of joy and still less the print of hope by a future which would be in rainbow colors (symbol of Act Up). He may be a black and closed word, withdrawed into himself and which lets some place to the project, the individual blossoming or the old age and finaly the ill body. Informations mediatized with journalistics, politics, militants, or still pseudo scientifics types, have to caracteristics to hide its reality which reveals the field. Of course, the reality is never what the “ON” tells, because a serious knowledge describes the reality as a more difficult thing than it does not seem concerning a common knowledge. This knowledge must progress and by this evolution, to be different of what thinking of the biggest number
36
Duncan, Cole Ellington. "Affect Intensity, Masculine Gender Norm Conformity, & Suicide." Xavier University Psychology / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xupsy1630350767937869.
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Charoy, Charlotte Lambert Sylvain. "L'anorexie mentale masculine une anorexie comme les autres? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=34586.
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Le, Lay Sylvie. "La cosmétologie masculine : un marché pour la pharmacie." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN1P013.
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Soulard, Raoulin D. "L'uréthrite masculine à haemophilus parainfluenzae existe-t-elle ?" Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M160.
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Garcelon, Sébastien-Pierre. "Quelques considérations actuelles sur les produits destinés à la gamme homme." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF1P016.
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GALIN, FABIENNE. "Osteoporose masculine : a propos de 32 cas dans un service de rhumatologie." Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1117.
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LUNDY, BRIGITTE. "La contraception masculine : methodes et perspectives ; le point en 1992." Reims, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REIMM044.
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Doucet, Jeffray Nathalie Le Mauff Pierre Senand Rémy. "Vécu et pratique de la sexualité chez les hommes enceints." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDdoucet-miton.pdf.
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Miton, Conrath Sophie Le Mauff Pierre Senand Rémy. "Vécu et pratique de la sexualité chez les hommes enceints." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDdoucet-miton.pdf.
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Marchetti, Carole. "L'apoptose dans le sperme éjaculé : une piste pour le développement de nouveaux marqueurs potentiels de l'infertilité masculine ?" Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S057.
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Récemment, il a été émis l'hypothèse que la mort cellulaire des spermatozoïdes par apoptose puisse représenter une cause d'infertilité masculine et par conséquent, que les événements apoptotiques présents dans les spermes éjaculés seraient potentiellement de nouveaux marqueurs diagnostiques de l'infertilité masculine utilisables pour orienter les choix des techniques d'assistance médicale à la procréation. L'objectif de ce travail a été de tester cette hypothèse sur des échantillons de spermes provenant de patients infertiles enrôlés dans des protocoles de fécondation in vitro (FIV). Pour se faire, dans un premier temps, l'analyse en cytométrie de flux des stigmates apoptotiques classiques de cellules somatiques (chute du potentiel de membrane mitochondriale (dpm), génération de substances réactives de l'oxygène, fragmentation de l'ADN et perte de viabilité) a été réalisée en parallèle de l'analyse conventionnelle du spermogramme. Nous avons ainsi observé que parmi ces marqueurs apoptotiques, la détermination du dpm représentait le test le plus sensible pour évaluer la qualité des spermes de patients infertiles puisque le pourcentage de spermatozoïdes à dpm élevé était fortement corrélé à la mobilité fléchante et aux taux de fécondation après FIV. Nous avons ensuite pu démontrer que la détection par cytométrie en flux des caspases actives -des enzymes impliquées dans l'apoptose des cellules somatiques- dans les spermes éjaculés est également le reflet de la qualité des spermatozoïdes. Pleinement convaincus de l'utilité de la détection des marqueurs apoptotiques dans les spermes de patients infertiles, notre attention s'est ensuite focalisée sur la mise en place de conditions optimales pour détecter de manière fiable les variations du dpm au laboratoire de biologie de la reproduction. Nos résultats indiquent que plusieurs fluorochromes sont utilisables de manière identique pour détecter avec précision les variations du dpm dans les spermatozoïdes en cytométrie de flux, leur choix dépendant de leurs caractéristiques spectrales afin de les utiliser pour des marquages multiparamétriques. Encouragés par ces résultats, nous avons souhaité caractériser les capacités fécondantes des spermatozoïdes en fonction de leur dpm. En utilisant le tri cellulaire par cytométrie, nous avons montré que les spermatozoïdes viables à dpm élevé représentaient une sous population de spermatozoïdes de haute qualité aux capacités élevées de fécondation, puisqu'ils avaient une morphologie normale, une mobilité importante et étaient capables de subir la réaction acrosomique induite par le calcium ionophore. Enfin, nous avons étudié l'influence du pourcentage de spermatozoïdes ayant des mitochondries fonctionnelles, sur le succès des FIV. Nous avons ainsi observé que lorsque l'éjaculat présente moins de 64 % des spermatozoïdes avec un dpm élevé, aucune grossesse n'est observée après FIV. En conclusion, notre travail démontre l'intérêt de développer l'évaluation des marqueurs apoptotiques au laboratoire de biologie de la reproduction et en particulier, la détermination du dpm dans les spermes éjaculés fournit une information précise capable d'identifier les patients à au risque d'échec de FIV.
46
Cruxên, Orlando. "Le processus de sublimation optimale dans l'homosexualité idéelle." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131029.
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Cette these recherche les affinites entre deux types d'homosexualite masculine avec deux processus de sublimation. Elle a comme point de depart une question sur les mathemes possibles de l'homosexualite et leur curabilite. La sublimation apparait dans ce contexte comme une issue, quoique paradoxale, dans le parcours du sujet vers la realisation de son desir. Ce travail a comme centre une relecture des concepts d'homosexualite masculine et de sublimation a partir de l'entrecroisement de textes de freud et de lacan. Il se reporte a deux etudes de cas : le << cas leonard >> et le << cas caravage >>, afin d'elucider le rapport problematique entre l'homosexualite masculine et la sublimation. Sa premiere partie travaille les concepts a la base du probleme de recherche : la chose, l'objet/abject, les mathemes de l'homosexualite masculine, etc. La deuxieme partie eclaire la problematique a partir de l'etude des cas sous une repere clinique. La troisieme partie confronte les aspects theoriques avec les donnees cliniques afin de rendre possible l'approche conclusive.
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Costa, Yasmin Serafim da. "Prenúncios de uma revolução: feminino, masculino e sociedade em O número dos vivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8150/tde-09062015-132219/.
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O segundo livro publicado por Hélia Correia, O número dos vivos, em 1982, faz uma crítica aos modelos sociais da sociedade portuguesa da década de 40 do século XX. Essa crítica é alcançada no romance através do uso de estratégias narrativas como a ironia e a paródia, responsáveis por desencadear questionamentos no leitor. O romance tem como modelo a ser parodiado o cânone da literatura realista principalmente, Madame Bovary, de Gustave Flaubert, e O primo Basílio, de Eça de Queirós. Como resultado, há concomitantemente uma crítica aos ideais defendidos pelo realismo e à opressão sofrida pelas mulheres sob o sistema patriarcal português. A ironia, por sua vez, surge em conjunto com o modelo de masculinidade criado na segunda metade do século XIX e perpetuado até meados dos anos 50 do século seguinte. A análise das personagens masculinas parte da relação entre essa imagem do homem e as bases da sociedade portuguesa para criticar as instituições fundamentais para a manutenção da ditadura salazarista: Família, Igreja e Estado. Como forma de libertação dessa situação opressora, no romance, são encontrados prenúncios de uma transformação que estaria próxima e que traria uma nova configuração para a sociedade portuguesa, na qual seriam revistos os papéis das mulheres e dos homens na sociedade, além da redemocratização do país.<br>The second novel published by Hélia Correia, O número dos vivos, in 1982, critics the social standards in Portuguese society in the 40s of twentieth century. This critic is achieved in the novel through strategies as irony and parody. The novel has as the model for the parody the realist literature mainly, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and O primo Basílio by Eça de Queirós. As a result, there is at the same time a critic to the ideals endorsed by the Realism and to the oppression suffered by women under the patriarchy. Irony is studied in combination with the standard of masculinity created in the second half of 19th century and preserved until the 50s of the next century. The analysis of the masculine characters is based in this relation between the image of man and the foundations of Portuguese society in order to criticize the fundamental institutions of Salazars dictatorship: Family, Church and State. As a way to get rid of the oppression, in the novel, are found predictions of an imminent change that would bring a new configuration to the Portuguese society, where the roles of women and men would be revised, in addition to the return of the democracy.
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Green, Joshua Lumpkin. "Digital Blackface: The Repackaging of the Black Masculine Image." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1154371043.
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Magnus, Jennifer Victoria. "Female Police Officers| The Influence of a Masculine Culture." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10635186.
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<p> The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to identify and understand the strategies and experiences of female police officers working within the masculine culture of police organizations. Using Acker’s gendered institutions theory, the researcher explored the organizational culture and subculture of the police and how police culture potentially places limitations on the career success of female police officers. The data came from semistructured interviews with seven female police officers working for a municipal police agency within Alberta, Canada. The researcher also analyzed publicly available data which included a 2013 workplace review and audit of a police organization in Alberta, Canada as well as a 2017 workplace harassment review of Canada’s Federal police service. The researcher found the themes that aligned with Acker’s gendered institution theory included: (a) experience the need to prove self, (b) experience sexual and gender harassment, (c) positive experience from fellow officers, (d) negative experience from fellow officers, (e) experience of positive behavior from supervisors, (f) experience of negative behavior from supervisors, (g) experience related to work and family, (h) experience bullying and labelling, (i) experience psychological stress, and (j) experience masculine culture. The study findings assisted in providing valuable information concerning gender issues related to the recruitment, promotion, and retention of female police officers within a Canadian police organization. The research results suggested further examination of experiences of female police officers, as well as male police officers, is needed to fully understand the effect masculine culture has on police organizations.</p><p>
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Aerts, Gilles. "La condition masculine dans Le rouge et le noir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26762.
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In this day and age of women's liberation, we constantly
hear about the victimization of women and their efforts to free themselves from the domination of men. We all, men and women, seem to take for granted that man is by nature an aggressive individual, the oppressor, that violence is an inborn trait in him, an instinct, or a force released to ease frustrations. The Freudian theories have of course largely contributed to implant those ideas in our minds. Those theories however are now being challenged more and more by the social learning theorists and justly so, as it appears. Indeed, when we read Stendhal's Le Rouge et le Noir, we are struck at first by the pervasive violence. Violence is not only physical, it may take many forms and subtle guises - mental, psychological, verbal, etc. In fact, pressure, tension are ubiquitous in the novel. Our second realization is that not only women are being victimized: men are oppressed and perhaps more generally so. We then come to face the evidence that, because of its particular structure, society is the oppressor. The traditional society of Western civilization is a hierarchical one, based on inequality and power. In such a system, violence has a place and a function. It seems to us that such was the situation in Stendhal's society and in the portrait of it that he painted for us in Le Rouge et le Noir.
Our method of investigation has been as follows: our starting point in Chapter 1 is to explain why man in Le Rouge seems to be a victim, as well as a perpetrator, of violence. In the light of findings from modern research in psychology, as well as of socio-economical, historical and political studies, we first examine violence and how it affects the nature of man, "molds" him, so to speak. We look at its causes and implications, how it intensifies, and why men seem to be more violent than women in the novel. We then turn to the social context in which man is supposed to function and study the structure of power as Stendhal described it in Le Rouge et le Noir. We also look at the role of women in that male-dominated society and try to show how men and women reinforce each other in their traditional and stereotyped roles, increasing in the process the communication gap between the sexes. Having thus described the structure of power according to Stendhal, we study in our second chapter the status of man at each level of this hierarchy. This leads us to examine all the male characters in the novel through a systematic survey of the nobility, the clergy and finally the commoners. This detailed examination brings us to a conclusion that seems to be twofold. We discover that man, at whatever level in the hierarchy, is both important, indeed indispensable, as a member of a supporting group, while totally unimportant and even vulnerable, as an individual. In our third and final chapter, we discuss in detail three male characters who embody three different stages in the evolution of man in Stendhal's society: Valenod, M. de Renal, and of course Julien Sorel himself. In our conclusion, we ask ourselves the question: what kind of a message does Stendhal leave us at the close of his novel or, if there is no direct message to the readers, what kind of reaction does Le Rouge et le Noir bring forth in us? Stendhal, in our view, first seems to show us that in order to "succeed" in society, men (and women, for that matter), have to either be without, or abandon all moral principles because the acquisition and use of power must necessarily e at the expense of other people. On the other hand, with Julien Sorel, we see a man who first tries to achieve power without renouncing his own beliefs and must therefore wear a mask, conceal his true nature. The self-imposed necessity of playing a part which does not correspond to his real personality and profound aspirations almost destroys him.
At the last however, when about to lose his life, Julien is saved by Stendhal who makes him abandon his sex role. No longer conditioned by a society which rejected and condemned him, Julien becomes finally free to be himself and achieve a balance between the mind and the heart, intelligence and sensibility.
And so, since Stendhal did not apparently believe in another life after death, it seems to the reader that the author challenges all men of good will to tear off here and now their stereotyped masks of superiority which in fact enslave
them in order to find equality, freedom, love and happiness.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of<br>Graduate