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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Medicinal plant produce"
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Iduh, Michael Unata, Umar Asiya Imam, Nura Bunza Muhammad, Seyi Samson Enitan, and Yusuf Hassan. "Mechanism of Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plants Extracts, From Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Insights." International Journal of Pathogen Research 13, no. 4 (2024): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2024/v13i4300.
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Background: Over the years, the medicinal properties of plants have been recognized as important sources of active ingredients in herbal medicine. In particular, plant-derived active ingredients have been used in microbial natural products long before the advent of modern medicine. Discussion: Since ancient times, the potency of medicinal plant products has been linked to the chemical, biochemical and synthetic activities of the plant product. Therefore, with the advancement of modern science in molecular and cellular biology, analytical chemistry and pharmaceuticals, the unique properties of these plant products are used to exploit the chemical and structural diversity and diversity. of the biology of this type of fruit in relation to their medicinal properties. Conclusion: New molecules are of interest to drug designers who are interested in modifying the chemical entities or structural parameters of natural products to produce new molecules that can be made into effective medicine.
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Lestari, Yulin, Budi Wirawan, Sri Budiarti, and Min Rahminiwati. "Lipase Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria from Medicinal Plants." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 25, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.25.1.1.
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Endophytic bacteria are known to reside within host plant tissue without giving a harmfull effect. The endophytes may play an important role, as they may produce similar bioactive compounds as produced by the host plant. Various medicinal plants have long been used to cure diseases. Traditionally, leaves extract of Guazuma ulmifolia, Psidium guajava, or the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza can be used to treat disease, e.g. hyperlipidemic. The mechanism can be through lipase activity, where the lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to fatty acids and acylglycerol. The objective of this research was to assess potency of endophytic bacteria as anti-hyperlipidemic compounds producer through their lipase activity. Sixty nine endophytic bacteria which comprised of 22, 27 and 20 isolates were isolated from the leaves of G. ulmifolia, P. guajava, and the rhizome of C. xanthorrhiza, respectively. Eight out of the 69 isolates showed lipase activity, and the two selected isolates, i.e. DPG 3(2) and AJB 4(4) were considered as good lipase producers. The highest specific lipase activity of DPG 3(2) isolate was observed for 0.874 units per mg at 38 h, whereas AJB 4(4) isolates had the specific lipase activity at 1.139 units per mg after 72 h observation. These data indicate that the two selected isolates have the potency as antihyperlipidemic compounds producer through their lipase activity.
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Gusain, M., Zafar Sultan, C. Singh, and N. Bisht. "Potential of marketing medicinal plants in Uttarakhand." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 16, no. 3 (2009): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2009-1jar9h.
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There is a large population all over the world who are dependent on medicinal plants for their primary healthcare needs. According to WHO, the international market of herbal products is estimated to be of the tune of US $62 billion which is poised to grow to US $5 trillion by the year 2050. The share of India is less than 1% in the world medicinal plant trade. Uttarakhand with its unique geographical location and rich heritage of traditional use of medicinal plants promises a good future, thus moving towards the ambitious goal of becoming a herbal state. There exists established markets in the state but is lacking in the field of marketing these produce. Steps like value addition, creating brand identity, product certification and a strong MIS (market information services) will help in effective marketing of state’s medicinal produce at national and global level.
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Merlee, Teresa M. V., and S. Avita. "Dormancy and germination behaviour of Polygala chinensis L., a medicinal plant." Feddes Repertorium 100, no. 7-8 (1989): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1522-239x.1989.tb00140.x.
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SummaryPolygala chinensis L. (Indian senega) is a medicinal plant which completes its life cycle within 4 to 5 months. Plants produce a large number of seeds. All seeds produced do not germinate. Many seeds do not get suitable conditions and many others are incapable of germination for some reasons or other. Such seeds are said to be dormant.
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Morris, J. B. "Characterization of medicinal Senna genetic resources." Plant Genetic Resources 7, no. 03 (2009): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262109344111.
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At 50% maturity, regeneratingSennaspecies were characterized for morphological traits, seed reproduction, and evaluated for regeneration. Quality plants regenerated from all accessions produced 1018 to more than 21,215 total seeds. Principal component analysis revealed which traits contributed the greatest to variability among coffee senna accessions.Sennaspecies have potential to produce pharmaceutical products and can be grown as medicinal plants. The flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol found inSennaspecies have been clinically shown to have anti-pancreatic cancer properties.
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Venieraki, A., M. Dimou, and P. Katinakis. "Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants have the ability to produce the same or similar pharmacologically active secondary metabolites as their hosts." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 10, no. 2 (2017): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2017-0006.
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SummaryMedicinal plants have been used for thousands of years in folk medicines and still are used for their health benefits. In our days medicinal plants are exploited for the isolation of plant-derived drugs as they are very effective and have relatively less or no side effects. However, the natural resources of medicinal plants are gradually exhausted and access to plant bioactive compounds is challenged by the low levels at which these products accumulate in native medicinal plants. For instance, to meet the market demands of 3 Kg per year of vinca alkaloids, powerful plant-derived anticancer drugs, 1.5×106Kg dry leaves are required. In this regard, this review aims to highlight the fact that endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants are capable to biosynthesize pharmacologically active secondary metabolites similar or identical to those produced by their host medicinal plant. Furthermore, the evolutionary origin of the genes involved in these metabolic pathways as well as the approaches designed to enhance the production of these metabolites by the isolated endophytic fungi are also discussed.
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Kishan, Kharol. "A Review of Endophytes\' Ability to Promote Plant Development on Medicinal Herbs." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 4335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44935.
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Abstract: Countless microbes live in the bodies of animals and plants. Plant growth is aided by the interaction between microbes and plants. They can be used as bio-fertilizers because of their nutrient intake and nitrogen-fixing capacity. These bacteria produce important metabolites and secondary metabolites that can be used to treat cancer and other chronic human diseases. They play a key role in the decomposition of heavy metals in the soil. In other words, they have a positive impact on agriculture, medicine, biotechnology, and food science. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used to improve the growth of a wide range of crops, such as seed germination, plant weight, and harvest yields. Plant development is triggered by PGPR colonization because bacteria produce plant hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, and gibberellins, as well as enhanced mineral and nitrogen availability in the soil. They are also known to defend their host plants from harmful bacteria in some cases. The role of PGPR in connection to medicinal plants and their impact on the development of botanicals is an area where there is still a lot of research to be done. This review highlights the potential PGPR–medicinal plant interactions that could boost the medicinal plant's effectiveness, particularly in farmed plants. The significance of medicinal plant endophytic microbes for bioactive potentials.
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Naithani, Harsh. "Quantitative survey of medicinal plants in six medicinal plant conservation areas of Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 29, no. 2 (2022): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2022-lc28a1.
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Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFPs) as medicinal and aromatic plants provide convenient and easy source of income for rural people. Due to human interference, over exploitation and indiscriminate harvest, IUCN, WWF and others have red listed them. FRLHT along with State Forest Department in India established in-situ conservation sites of medicinal plants known as Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCAs). Due to the richness of medicinal plants, the state of Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand) in 2003 was declared as ‘Herbal State’. Under UNDP-GEF-GOI funded project for long term conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants, seven MPCAs were selected in Uttarakhand. Out of seven, six MPCAs were sampled by the author using nested quadrates technique for sampling of medicinal plants.
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Adar Yazar, Elanur. "Organic Fertilizer in Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production: SWOT Analysis and Strategies." Cihannüma Teknoloji Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Akademi Dergisi 2, no. 1 (2024): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.55205/joctensa.21202377.
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Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used for centuries for food, medicine, cosmetics, and spices. Due to increasing human and environmental health problems, interest in organic products is increasing day by day. The use of organic fertilizers not only improves crop quality but also improves soil and utilizes waste. The aim of the study is to conduct a SWOT analysis of the use of organic fertilizers in medicinal and aromatic plant production and to identify strategies. The SWOT analysis showed that strengths and opportunities outnumbered weaknesses and threats. Strategies (SO, ST, SW, WO, WT, WT, OT) were identified. Weaknesses and threats can be reduced by government incentives and training. The most notable weakness is that the use of organic fertilizers leads to low yields. Someone who aims to produce not only yield-based but also quality-based products should use organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizer produces healthy, quality crops, improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and, if produced from organic waste, reduces environmental pollution and the amount of waste to be managed. The state should further promote the use of organic fertilizer to protect human and environmental health and to increase domestic/foreign markets. Producers should be trained in the effective production and use of organic fertilizer.
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Alami, Mohammad Murtaza, Zhen Ouyang, Yipeng Zhang, et al. "The Current Developments in Medicinal Plant Genomics Enabled the Diversification of Secondary Metabolites’ Biosynthesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (2022): 15932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415932.
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Medicinal plants produce important substrates for their adaptation and defenses against environmental factors and, at the same time, are used for traditional medicine and industrial additives. Plants have relatively little in the way of secondary metabolites via biosynthesis. Recently, the whole-genome sequencing of medicinal plants and the identification of secondary metabolite production were revolutionized by the rapid development and cheap cost of sequencing technology. Advances in functional genomics, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, pave the way for discoveries in secondary metabolites and related key genes. The multi-omics approaches can offer tremendous insight into the variety, distribution, and development of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Although many reviews have reported on the plant and medicinal plant genome, chemistry, and pharmacology, there is no review giving a comprehensive report about the medicinal plant genome and multi-omics approaches to study the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites. Here, we introduce the medicinal plant genome and the application of multi-omics tools for identifying genes related to the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites. Moreover, we explore comparative genomics and polyploidy for gene family analysis in medicinal plants. This study promotes medicinal plant genomics, which contributes to the biosynthesis and screening of plant substrates and plant-based drugs and prompts the research efficiency of traditional medicine.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Medicinal plant produce"
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Mbandezelo, Mongikazi. "Bioactive compounds in a Manayi traditional medicinal product from East London." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2450.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>In Africa, herbal medicines are often used as primary treatments for a variety of ailments and diseases including HIV/AIDS and for HIV-related problems. In general, traditional medicines are not well researched scientifically in controlled studies, and are poorly regulated. Since the pharmacological effectiveness of natural products is affected by several native and foreign factors, studies on the variations of chemical composition and biological activity of these medicines are necessary.
The processes of investigating plants to identify chemical substances are of great interest to natural product researchers because there is a need to discover new drugs for treating old and new diseases. These facts underscore an urgent need to develop new anti HIV and AIDS drugs with fewer or no side effects. Research into drug discovery and development using natural products is increasingly becoming better established. Marine organisms as a source of natural products delivered numerous novel compounds with multiple pharmacological properties. Natural products give endless opportunities for discovering novel compounds that can be used as drugs or backbones of drug leads. Manayi is a natural product that has been used to treat and manage people with HIV, but no scientific studies have been done to prove its efficacy on the HIV under controlled conditions. For the purposes of this study, cooked and uncooked Manayi product was evaluated for its efficacy on HIV in vitro. Manayi samples were collected in East London, Eastern Cape and sequentially extracted with hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, butanol, methanol, and water as a series of increasingly polar solvents for its bioactive chemical constituents.
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MELO, Joabe Gomes de. "Controle de qualidade e prioridades de conservação de plantas medicinais comercializadas no Brasi." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4834.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-14<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>Almost all the world’s populations use medicinal plants, or their derivates, for the treatment of illnesses. In Brazil, these plants have been compounds of industrialized products that are commercialized in drugstores, natural product stores and supermarkets, under the designation of phytotherapic or vegetal drug. Considering that good quality is a requirement to ensure product’s efficacy and security, and that most of native medicinal plants commercialized in Brazil are acquired from wild populations, the present study aimed, in the first article, to evaluate the quality of medicinal plant-based products, and in the second article, to settle priorities for conservation to native medicinal plants with commercial value. It was made a survey of the medicinal plant-based products, coming from industries all over the country, commercialized in 54 commercial establishments from Recife-PE. In each establishment it was applied a standardized sheet with information about the product’s commercial name, plant composition, pharmaceutical form, therapeutic indications and the laboratory. The evaluation of 10 samples of horsechestnut, 11 of lemongrass and six of gotu kola was preceded based on the criteria established by Farmacopéia Brasileira and specific legislation; the priority for conservation, of the native medicinal plants, was given according to Importance Value Index (IVI), which is based on the Relative Importance (RI) and on the Sensitivity Index (SI). In the first work it was verified the absence of obligatory data in 92.59% of the samples, and a high impurity content in 59.26% of the analyzed products. In spite of this, all samples were considered authentic based on phytochemical and pharmacobotanical tests. It was verified that, besides the commercialized products lack adequate data andquality, there’s an urgent need of an effective supervision from the component organs. In the second work, it was registered 74 native species that are used in more than 300 types of products. Twelve species presented high versatility, of which 58.33% were trees. There is predominance of destructive collection (58.11%) and of taxa collected only from nature (86.49%). Intensive use of uniquely wild species and the destructive form collection are serious problems that threat and compromise this resource’s availability.<br>Praticamente todos os povos do mundo fazem uso de plantas medicinais, ou seus derivados, para o tratamento de doenças. No Brasil, essas plantas têm sido componentes de produtos industrializados que são comercializados em farmácias,casas de produtos naturais e supermercados, sob a designação de fitoterápico ou droga vegetal. Tendo em vista que a boa qualidade é um requisito para assegurar a eficácia e a segurança dos produtos, e que a maioria das plantas medicinais nativas comercializadas no Brasil são obtida de populações silvestres, o presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar a qualidade de produtos a base de espécies vegetais medicinais e estabelecer prioridades de conservação para as plantas medicinais nativas de valor comercial. Realizou-se um levantamento dos produtos à base de plantas medicinais, provenientes de indústrias de várias partes do país, comercializados em 54 estabelecimentos comerciais da cidade do Recife-PE. Em cada estabelecimento foi aplicada uma ficha padronizada com informações sobre o nome comercial do produto, a composição vegetal, a forma farmacêutica, as indicações terapêuticas e o laboratório. A avaliação de 10 amostras de castanha-daíndia, 11 de capim-santo e seis de centela foi realizada com base nos critérios estabelecidos pela Farmacopéia Brasileira e legislação específica; a prioridade para a conservação das plantas medicinais nativas foi dada de acordo com o Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI), que é baseado na Importância Relativa (IR) e no Índice de Sensibilidade (IS). No primeiro trabalho constatou-se a ausência das informações obrigatórias em 92,59% das amostras e um elevado teor de impurezas, em 59,26% dos produtos analisados. Apesar disso, todas as amostras foram consideradas autênticas com base nos testes fitoquímicos e farmacobotânicos. Constata-se que, além dos produtos comercializados carecerem de informações e qualidade adequadas, há necessidade urgente de uma fiscalização efetiva por parte dos órgãos competentes. No segundo trabalho, foi registrado um total de 74 espécies nativas usadas em mais de 300 tipos de produtos. Doze espécies apresentaram grande versatilidade, das quais 58,33% foram árvores. Há o predomínio da coleta destrutiva (58,11%) e de táxons coletados exclusivamente da natureza (86,49%). O uso intensivo de espécies unicamente silvestres e a coleta de forma destrutiva são problemas sérios que ameaçam e comprometem a disponibilidade desses recursos.
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Chau, Yasmin-Pei(Yasmin-Pei Kamal). "Biosynthesis and medicinal chemistry of therapeutically promising plant natural products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122839.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2019<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Modern molecular biology, biochemical, and chemical techniques have made it possible to identify individual natural products that possess pharmacological activity from medicinal plants. While approximately 50% of all new FDA-approved small molecule therapeutics in the past 40 years were natural products or natural product analogs, challenges including limited natural resources and the difficulty of solving the total synthesis or semi-synthesis of natural products has limited our ability to harness the full diversity of chemical structures provided by nature to treat human diseases. One solution to these challenges is the elucidation of plant specialized metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Identifying and characterizing the enzymes involved in specialized metabolite biosynthesis will provide insight into the evolution of enzymes performing interesting chemistries and provide new tools for the enzymatic production of therapeutically promising natural products. The goal of this dissertation is to explore the aspects of both medicinal chemistry and the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways that can contribute to the development of novel therapeutics. First, we analyzed the structure-activity relationship of analogs of the the flavonoid icariin and identified analogs with improved potency in inhibiting human phosphodiesterase-5. We subsequently identified and characterized a novel flavonoid prenyltransferase and O-methyltransferase from the medicinal herb Epimedium sagittatum that is known to produce many bioactive prenylated and methylated flavonoids.<br>by Yasmin-Pei Chau.<br>Ph. D.<br>Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
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Wangchuk, Phurpa. "Bioactive alkaloids from medicinal plants of Bhutan." Thesis, Department of Chemistry - Faculty of Science, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/315/.
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Natural products had been indispensably used by many cultures and traditions in folklore medicines for thousands of years. These traditional medicines cater to about 85% of the world population for their primary health care needs. Natural products have been intensively explored also for their bioactive pharmacophores by modern pharmaceutical companies. In fact they are the skeletal framework of about 60% of the modern drugs that are available today. Of these, about 80% of antibacterial drugs and 90% of antimalarial drugs are natural derivatives. One of the interesting secondary metabolite groups which provides these potent drug leads are the alkaloids. Owing to their broad range of bioactivities, bioprospecting for these natural products are undertaken in many countries. In this study, on the molecular basis of traditional medicine of Bhutan, particularly those with potential antimicrobial components, four alkaloid positive medicinal plants, i.e. Aconitum orochryseum Stapf, Corydalis gerdae Fedde, Rununculus brotherusi Freyn and an Australian naturalized plant Tribulus terrestris Linn, but also used in Bhutan, were selected for phytochemical analysis.
Bhutanese traditional medicines use Aconitum orochryseum (whole parts) for the treatment of bilious fever or high fever related to bile disorders including cold and flu, fever of bile (liver), fever caused by malaria, snake bites and for treating blood infections. Corydalis gerdae (whole parts) is used for the treatment of malaria and infections. Ranunculus brotherusi (aerial parts) is used for treating wounds, pus, infections and as antipyretics. Tribulus terrestris (fruit) is used for the treatment of arthritis, kidney diseases and as a diuretic. Though Tribulus terrestris and Ranunculus brotherusi failed to give any alkaloids, a number of new as well as known alkaloids were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum and Corydalis gerdae.
Three new hetisane type diterpenoid alkaloids named orochrine, 2-O-acetylorochrine, and lingshinaline, together with two known alkaloids atisinium chloride and virescenine and six other unidentified alkaloids, were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated by ¹H-NMR, gCOSY, gNOESY, TOCSY, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, gHSQC and gHMBC spectral data analysis. Atisinium chloride, a major alkaloid of the plant, was identified by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
Four known protopine type and protoberberine type isoquinoline alkaloids (protopine, scoulerine, cheilanthifoline, and stylopine) along with one unidentified alkaloid were isolated from Corydalis gerdae. The protopine was the major alkaloid of this plant. The alkaloids were identified by MS and ¹H-NMR spectral data comparison.
The antibacterial testing of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids and the major alkaloids (atisinium chloride, orochrine and protopine) of these two plants were found inactive against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = >125 μg/ml) and Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (MIC = >125 μg/ml). But the in vitro antimalarial assay of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids, atisinium chloride, protopine, and cheilanthifoline gave very significant activity against Plasmodium falciparum, TM4 and K1 strains. Crude methanol extract (AO-ME) of Aconitum orochryseum was not that active (IC₅₀ of >10 μg/ml for both the strains). Increased activity was observed for its crude alkaloid (AOCEA) with IC₅₀ values of 20.40 μg/ml against TM4 and 19.20 μg/ml against K1 strains. The activity was further increased for atisinium chloride with IC₅₀ values of 4.02 μM against TM4/8.2 and 3.59 μM against K1CB1 strains.
The antimalarial activity was better for the extracts and alkaloids of Corydalis gerdae. Its crude methanol extract (CG-ME) had the IC₅₀ values of 1.00 μg/ml against TM4 strain and 2.56 μg/ml against K1 strain. The activity of crude alkaloid of this plant was far better with IC₅₀ values of 0.33 μg/ml against TM4 strain and 0.63 μg/ml against K1 strain. Protopine had IC₅₀ values of 4.25 μM against TM4/8.2 and 4.29 μM against K1CB1 strains. Cheilanthifoline had the IC₅₀ values of 3.76 μM against K1 and 2.78 μM against TM4 strains.
These alkaloids have the potential to become candidates for antimalarial leads. Similar activities may be expected from other alkaloids including new ones isolated from these two plants. Therefore, the combination of these two plant extracts would make the best antimalarial herbal mixture for Bhutanese traditional medicines. The results proved that ethno-directed biorational approach, combined with an alkaloid focus, is an efficient strategy for drug lead discovery. The results also proved for the first time at the molecular level that Bhutanese traditional medicines have clinical efficacy. The medicinal plants of Bhutan thus have potential to provide important new drug leads. Bioprospecting them would benefit local people, pharmaceutical industries and the patients at large.
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Wangchuk, Phurpa. "Bioactive alkaloids from medicinal plants of Bhutan." Department of Chemistry - Faculty of Science, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/315.
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Natural products had been indispensably used by many cultures and traditions in folklore medicines for thousands of years. These traditional medicines cater to about 85% of the world population for their primary health care needs. Natural products have been intensively explored also for their bioactive pharmacophores by modern pharmaceutical companies. In fact they are the skeletal framework of about 60% of the modern drugs that are available today. Of these, about 80% of antibacterial drugs and 90% of antimalarial drugs are natural derivatives. One of the interesting secondary metabolite groups which provides these potent drug leads are the alkaloids. Owing to their broad range of bioactivities, bioprospecting for these natural products are undertaken in many countries. In this study, on the molecular basis of traditional medicine of Bhutan, particularly those with potential antimicrobial components, four alkaloid positive medicinal plants, i.e. Aconitum orochryseum Stapf, Corydalis gerdae Fedde, Rununculus brotherusi Freyn and an Australian naturalized plant Tribulus terrestris Linn, but also used in Bhutan, were selected for phytochemical analysis. Bhutanese traditional medicines use Aconitum orochryseum (whole parts) for the treatment of bilious fever or high fever related to bile disorders including cold and flu, fever of bile (liver), fever caused by malaria, snake bites and for treating blood infections. Corydalis gerdae (whole parts) is used for the treatment of malaria and infections. Ranunculus brotherusi (aerial parts) is used for treating wounds, pus, infections and as antipyretics. Tribulus terrestris (fruit) is used for the treatment of arthritis, kidney diseases and as a diuretic. Though Tribulus terrestris and Ranunculus brotherusi failed to give any alkaloids, a number of new as well as known alkaloids were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum and Corydalis gerdae. Three new hetisane type diterpenoid alkaloids named orochrine, 2-O-acetylorochrine, and lingshinaline, together with two known alkaloids atisinium chloride and virescenine and six other unidentified alkaloids, were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated by (superscript 1)H-NMR, gCOSY, gNOESY, TOCSY, (superscript 13)C-NMR, DEPT, gHSQC and gHMBC spectral data analysis. Atisinium chloride, a major alkaloid of the plant, was identified by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Four known protopine type and protoberberine type isoquinoline alkaloids (protopine, scoulerine, cheilanthifoline, and stylopine) along with one unidentified alkaloid were isolated from Corydalis gerdae. The protopine was the major alkaloid of this plant. The alkaloids were identified by MS and (superscript 1)H-NMR spectral data comparison. The antibacterial testing of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids and the major alkaloids (atisinium chloride, orochrine and protopine) of these two plants were found inactive against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = greater than 125 ?g/ml) and Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (MIC = greater than 125 ?g/ml). But the in vitro antimalarial assay of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids, atisinium chloride, protopine, and cheilanthifoline gave very significant activity against Plasmodium falciparum, TM4 and K1 strains. Crude methanol extract (AO-ME) of Aconitum orochryseum was not that active (IC(subscript 50) of greater than10 ?g/ml for both the strains). Increased activity was observed for its crude alkaloid (AO-CEA) with IC(subscript 50) values of 20.40 ?g/ml against TM4 and 19.20 ?g/ml against K1 strains. The activity was further increased for atisinium chloride with IC(subscript 50) values of 4.02 ?M against TM4/8.2 and 3.59 ?M against K1CB1 strains. The antimalarial activity was better for the extracts and alkaloids of Corydalis gerdae. Its crude methanol extract (CG-ME) had the IC(subscript 50) values of 1.00 ?g/ml against TM4 strain and 2.56 ?g/ml against K1 strain. The activity of crude alkaloid of this plant was far better with IC(subscript 50) values of 0.33 ?g/ml against TM4 strain and 0.63 ?g/ml against K1 strain. Protopine had IC(subscript 50) values of 4.25 ?M against TM4/8.2 and 4.29 ?M against K1CB1 strains. Cheilanthifoline had the IC(subscript 50) values of 3.76 ?M against K1 and 2.78 ?M against TM4 strains. These alkaloids have the potential to become candidates for antimalarial leads. Similar activities may be expected from other alkaloids including new ones isolated from these two plants. Therefore, the combination of these two plant extracts would make the best antimalarial herbal mixture for Bhutanese traditional medicines. The results proved that ethno-directed biorational approach, combined with an alkaloid focus, is an efficient strategy for drug lead discovery. The results also proved for the first time at the molecular level that Bhutanese traditional medicines have clinical efficacy. The medicinal plants of Bhutan thus have potential to provide important new drug leads. Bioprospecting them would benefit local people, pharmaceutical industries and the patients at large. [Note: this abstract contained scientific formulae that would not come across on this form. Please see the 01Front files abstract for the full details.]
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Essack, Magbubah. "Screening extracts of indigenous South African plants for the presence of anti-cancer compounds." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8767_1210844967.
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<p>Early man dabbled with the use of plant extracts to cure ailments. This practice has been passed down from generation to generation and today more than 50% of the world'sdrugs are natural products or derivatives thereof. Scientists have thus established a branch of research called natural product research. This branch of research involves the identification and purification of secondary metabolites with a specific biological activity. The methodology involves the screening of plant products for a specific biological activity, purification of the biologically active natural product by separation technology and structure determination. The biologically active natural products is then further scrutinized to serve as a novel drug or lead compound for the development of a novel drug. This research exploited this research methodology.</p>
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COLLU, MARTA. "Endocannabinoid System Modulation By Natural Products From Ancient Medicinal Plants." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/260056.
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Herbal drugs have been important for the treatment of multiple pathological conditions since ancient times. A multitude of historical texts document the importance of plant-based therapies, but the therapeutic effectiveness of many described applications remains questionable. Concomitantly, the pharmacological properties and the associated chemistry of many herbal drugs described in ancient texts remain poorly studied. The development of modern pharmacology and analytical tools in the past century has led to the discovery of a plethora of novel plant-derived compounds and propelled advancements in medicine and pharmacology. The identification of (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as the active principle of Cannabis sativa L., triggered research activities conductive to the elucidation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS is a major modulatory system involved in a variety of physiological functions including the regulation of appetite, pain perception, memory, mood, and the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. A deregulation of the ECS is commonly associated with pathological conditions such as mood disorders, pain, inflammation, and neurodegenerative and immune diseases. Therefore, identifying target specific agonists, antagonists and inhibitors constitutes a promising strategy to tackle these conditions. The inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the major enzyme involved in the termination of endocannabinoid signalling via the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), represents a pharmacological strategy to treat conditions such as anxiety, depression or metabolic disorders. Besides the main cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors, activation of cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors represents as well an interesting pharmacological approach to treat diverse disorders such as diabetes, and neurodegenerative and immune diseases.
Therefore, the main aim of this doctoral thesis was to identify and characterize plant-derived compounds able to target and modulate specific components of the ECS. As a starting point to address this objective, a plant extract library of drug samples mainly associated with the herbal drugs described in Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica (DMM; ex Matthioli, 1568) was built up. The extracts were tested for in vitro inhibition of FAAH and affinity towards CB2 receptors. In addition, as an indication of non-specific cytotoxicity, their antiproliferative activity was evaluated. For the screened extracts, the possible relationship between investigated bioactivity and plant phylogeny was first questioned. From the results of the FAAH inhibition screening, it emerged that extracts with significant FAAH inhibitory activity are phylogenetically clustered, as they are associated preponderantly with herbal drugs derived from the Fabaceae family. Isoflavonoids and prenylated derivatives, secondary metabolites commonly produced in Fabaceae, were proposed as potential FAAH inhibitors. Among the isoflavonoids tested, the prenylated luteone and neobavaisoflavone proved to be highly potent, selective, competitive and reversible FAAH inhibitors at the nanomolar range. In addition, preliminary results from the screening of the extract library towards CB2 receptors suggested the identification of sesquiterpene coumarins as a new class of CB2 receptor ligands at the low micromolar range.
In conclusion, in this thesis project we have identified two classes of natural products showing in vitro pharmacological interaction with the ECS. Moreover, the compounds may prove promising scaffolds for the development of new therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anxiolytic, anti-diabetic or immunomodulatory activities.
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Faraone, Immacolata. "Pharmacological potential and phytochemical profile of three unexplored medicinal plants." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2019. http://elea.unisa.it:8080/xmlui/handle/10556/4256.
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2017 - 2018<br>Nature is a wide source of biologically active compounds investigated with the
purpose to be used as drugs due to their biological activity and also useful in
pharmaceutical discovery and drug design. Nowadays, medicinal plants play a major role
in primary health care as therapeutic remedies in many developing countries.
The aim of my PhD project was the phytochemical and biological investigation of
three plant species, used in Bolivian traditional medicine, but few scientific studies were
reported, such as: Azorella glabra Wedd., Minthostachys diffusa Epl. and Senecio clivicolus
Wedd.
On the basis of ethnobotanical uses, the samples were firstly analysed for their
total content of polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenoids and for their in vitro antioxidant
activity using different complementary assays. In particular, radical scavenging activity
was tested against biological radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (SO)
together with neutral or cationic (DPPH and ABTS) radicals; ferric reducing power and
lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity (FRAP and Beta-Carotene Bleaching tests) were also
determined.
Oxidative stress is involved in different diseases, such as diabetes and
neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the inhibitory ability of samples was investigated
against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes involved in diabetes and against
acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes considered as strategy for the
treatment of Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases.
Moreover, cytotoxicity studies on cancer and non-cancer cell lines were carried
out.
The antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities and the
phytochemical profile were performed on aerial parts of A. glabra, M. diffusa and S.
clivicolus for the first time.
Among all samples, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. clivicolus showed the highest
antioxidant activity; instead, M. diffusa samples showed the highest antidiabetic potential
and anti-cholinesterase activities. To confirm the inhibitory cholinesterase effects of the
terpenes identified from M. diffusa, in silico docking analysis were also carried out.
Moreover, the A. glabra samples were tested for the first time on Multiple
Myeloma (MM) cell lines using several assays. The chloroform fraction of A. glabra
reduced the cell viability, and arrested the cell cycle on MM cells in G0/G1 phase,
characteristic feature of apoptosis.
Instead, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. clivicolus was tested on hepatocellular
carcinoma HepG2 cell line showed the ability to induct cell death via the mitochondrial
apoptotic pathway.
In conclusion, this first report on A. glabra, M. diffusa and S. clivicolus
phytochemical characterization and biological activity evaluation, demonstrates as these
Bolivian plant species could be considered a source of health promoting compounds.
Some of the results obtained during this study might partially explain their
ethnobotanical use, evidencing a potential economic added value for extract future use in
the field of biotechnology applied to environmental, agricultural, health, pharmaceutical
and cosmeceutical development. [edited by Author]<br>XXXI ciclo
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Harris, Taahir. "Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) from Mpumalanga province of South Africa: phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of seeds and product extracts." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2789.
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Thesis MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) an indigenous legume cultivated in Sub-Saharan Africa has been proclaimed to have medicinal properties from communities and in rural areas. However, there is not enough scientific information to validate these claims. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible medicinal properties of Bambara groundnut (BGN), by analysing the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of BGN seed and product extracts from Mpumalanga province within South Africa. The BGN extracts (70% methanol, 70% ethanol, milli-Q water) from seeds and products (milk and yoghurt) were screened for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, riboflavin and thiamine using analytical laboratory methods for basic screening, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for quantification. The antimicrobial activity involved direct bioautography and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606T, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 33591 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433. For the seed extracts, flavonoids and phenols were highly concentrated in the red and brown hulls of BGN compared to whole and dehulled BGN. Organic solvents in comparison to water yielded the highest concentration of flavonoids, whilst water yielded the highest concentration for phenols. Flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (24.458 ± 0.234 mg.g-1, brown hull extracted with 70% methanol), quercetin (0.070 ± 0.043 mg.g-1, red hull extracted with 70% methanol), kaempferol (0.391 ± 0.161 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with 70% ethanol) and myricetin (1.800 ± 0.771 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with 70% methanol). For phenol compounds, gallic acid (0.009 ± 0.004 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), catechin (0.026 ± 0.041 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), methyl gallate (0.008 ± 0.013 mg.g-1; brown whole extracted with milli-Q water), chlorogenic acid (0.115 ± 0.199 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water) and ellagic acid (0.105 ± 0.082 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with milli-Q water) were detected. Vitamins B1 and B2 (riboflavin and thiamine) were mostly present in milli-Q water extracts. Black-eye hull had the highest concentration of thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) consisting of 0.072 mg.g-1 (extracted with milli-Q water) and 0.002 mg.g-1 (extracted with 70% ethanol and 70% methanol). Red and brown hull extracts from organic solvents (70% ethanol and 70% methanol) showed the highest antimicrobial activity, whereas the whole, dehulled and hulls (black-eye and brown-eye) extracts had no antimicrobial activity. As for BGN products extracts, flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (5.694 mg.g-1, whole BGN milk, milli-Q water), quercetin (0.703 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, milli-Q water) and myricetin (0.987 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, 70% ethanol).
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Sibandze, G. F. "Antimicrobial and efflux inhibiting activity of natural products from Swazi medicinal plants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041384/.
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Plant-derived medicines have played a major role in the history of man, especially as anti-infective agents. In the wake of the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial infections, natural products are still a potential source of drug leads since they contain a wide array of structurally diverse compounds. Alongside the classical approach of finding anti-infective agents, this study also sought to investigate the potential of Swazi medicinal plants as efflux inhibitors in bacterial cell systems. This is because bacteria utilise the efflux system to avert the inhibitory action of antibiotics which may lead to multidrug resistance. The development of efflux inhibitors is one of the methods being employed to counter multidrug resistance in bacteria. Seven plant species used as traditional medicines in Swaziland for the treatment of infections were identified and collected with the assistance of traditional healers or local people who had knowledge of medicinal plants. The plants were Breonadia salicina, Ozoroa sphaerocarpa, Dioscorea sylvatica, Dioscorea cotinifolia, Syzygium cordatum, Ehretia rigida and Helichrysum acutatum. After preliminary screening of the plant extracts for antimicrobial activity using various Staphylococcus aureus strains and Escherichia coli; as well as for antibiotic potentiating activity using S. aureus strains over-expressing MDR efflux proteins (SA-1199B (NorA) and XU212 (TetK) pump), a diverse range of phytochemicals were isolated and characterised from the plants using chromatographic and spectroscopic (IR, UV, MS, NMR) techniques. Some cardanols and anacardic acids from Ozoroa sphaerocarpa exhibited antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms (MIC 8 – 512 μg/mL) whilst dioscin, from Dioscorea sylvatica, displayed anti-Candida activity (MIC 1 μg/mL). None of the plant extracts, nor the isolated compounds, had antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. aurum. At a sub-inhibitory concentration, (Z)-3-(heptadec-8-en-1-yl)phenol, from O. sphaerocarpa and ursolic acid, from B. salicina, potentiated the activity of tetracycline and norfloxacin against the S. aureus XU212 and SA-1199B strains, respectively. Their activity resulted in a 512-fold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both antibiotics on the S. aureus strains. Some cinnamic acid derivatives isolated from D. sylvatica and D. cotinifolia also potentiated the activity of tetracycline and norfloxacin. The efflux pump inhibitory activity of the compounds was investigated using the ethidium bromide accumulation assay and a bibenzyl, from D. sylvatica and some diaryl nonadiones and a ω-hydroxy acid ester from D. cotinifolia, resulted in an increase in intracellular ethidium bromide accumulation in the SA-1199B strain, suggesting NorA pump inhibition. Ethidium bromide was not found to be a strong substrate for the TetK pump in the XU212 strain. Apart from moronic acid, isolated from O. sphaerocarpa, which showed some comparable efflux pump inhibition to reserpine, all the compounds which exhibited tetracycline-potentiating activity did not show a corresponding TetK pump inhibition activity. This suggested that some other mechanism of antibiotic potentiation activity was a possibility. Of the isolated compounds, dioscin was the most selective towards fungal cells compared to the human dermal cells; whilst ursolic acid was the least selective, showing toxicity to the human dermal cells at its active concentration. The anacardic acids and moronic acid also showed some degree of selectivity. In conclusion, the results of the study showed the potential of Swazi medicinal plants as a source of antimicrobial drug leads; as well as their potential use in combination therapy for the management of bacterial resistance.
Książki na temat "Medicinal plant produce"
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Hostettmann, K. Handbook of chemical and biological plant analytical methods. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2014.
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1954-, Gupta Anil Kumar, and Indian Council of Medical Research., eds. Quality standards of Indian medicinal plants. Indian Council of Medical Research, 2003.
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1953-, Liberti Lawrence E., ed. Natural product medicine: A scientific guide to foods, drugs, cosmetics. G.F. Stickley, 1988.
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Céspedes, Carlos L. Natural antioxidants and biocides from wild medicinal plants. CAB International, 2013.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2002 world forecasts of plants, seeds, and fruit used in perfumes and pharmaceuticals export supplies. Icon Group, 2002.
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World, Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (3rd 2003 Chiang Mai Thailand). A proceedings of WOCMAP III: The IIIrd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. International Society for Horticultural Science, 2005.
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World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare (3rd 2003 Chiang Mai, Thailand). A proceedings of WOCMAP III: The IIIrd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Edited by Başer K. H. C, International Council for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants., and International Society for Horticultural Science. International Society for Horticultural Science, 2005.
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Yves, Dacosta, Association pour la promotion industrie-agriculture., Centre de prospective et d'évaluation (France), and France. Ministère de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur., eds. Potentialités d'emploi de matières végétales métropolitaines par la phytothérapie, la cosmétologie et l'industrie des additifs: Conférences du colloque placé sous le patronage du Ministère de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur, 6-7 mai 1986, Paris. Edition APRIA, 1986.
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World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare (1st 1992 Maastricht, Netherlands). First World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare: WOCMAP : raw material production, product introduction : Maastricht, Netherlands, July 19-25, 1992. Edited by Palevitch D, Simon James E, Máthé Á, and International Society for Horticultural Science. ISHS, International Society for Horticultural Science, 1993.
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Thadani, M. B. Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of natural products. 2nd ed. Cantext Publications, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Medicinal plant produce"
1
Iqbal, Nadia, Sidra Nisar Ahmed, Urooj Subhan, Nageen Arif, Humaira Saleem, and Farah Deeba. "Application of Biotechnology to Produce Plant-Derived Biologically Important Compounds." In Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28780-0_43.
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Cankar, Katarina, Katrijn Van Laere, and Dirk Bosch. "Genome Editing for Reduction of Bitterness and for Production of Medicinal Terpenes in Cichorium Species." In A Roadmap for Plant Genome Editing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46150-7_21.
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AbstractCichorium varieties are cultivated both as leafy vegetables as well as industrial root crop for extraction of the food fibre inulin. Cichorium is a typical European crop and grown on a relatively small scale. However, due to its distinctive taste and health benefits and its capacity to produce multiple bioactive compounds, Cichorium has great potential if varieties could be optimised for these properties by breeding. In recent years it has been demonstrated in several laboratories that chicory is very amenable to genome editing. Different protocols were developed and implemented to adapt bitterness as well as to accumulate medicinal terpenes, generating potential socio-economic benefits over the entire value chain from farmers to consumers, as well as for the environment. In addition, scientific knowledge on chicory biology, particularly on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was significantly increased. This demonstrates how genome editing can contribute to breeding of niche crops such as Cichorium, which have relatively little investment leverage for extensive breeding programs.
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Osawaru, Moses Edwin, and Matthew Chidozie Ogwu. "Plants and Plant Products in Local Markets Within Benin City and Environs." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_159.
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AbstractThe vulnerability of agriculture systems in Africa to climate change is directly and indirectly affecting the availability and diversity of plants and plant products available in local markets. In this chapter, markets in Benin City and environs were assessed to document the availability of plants and plant products. Markets were grouped into urban, suburban, and rural with each group having four markets. Majority of the plant and plant product vendors were women and 88 plant species belonging to 42 families were found. Their scientific and common names were documented as well as the parts of the plant and associated products available in the markets. Most of the plant and plant products found in local markets belong to major plant families. Urban markets had the highest diversity of plants and plant products. Three categories of plants and plant products were documented. Around 67% of the plants and plant products were categorized as whole plant/plant parts, 28% as processed plant parts, while 5% as reprocessed plant/plant parts. It was revealed that 86% of these plants are used as foods, 11% are for medicinal purposes, while 3% is used for other purposes. About 35% of plants and plant products across the markets were fruits, which is an indication that city and environs are a rich source of fruits. The local knowledge and practices associated with the plants and plant products can contribute towards formulating a strategic response for climate change impacts on agriculture, gender, poverty, food security, and plant diversity.
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Zorngo, David. "Plant Medicine and Infectious Disease." In Medicinal Plants. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103701.
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Our planet since development has experienced a greater perspective of growth. Constituting millions of species exhibiting different kinds of relationships producing both correlational and mutual growth, sums up to the widespread evolutional changes we see today. Mankind as a separate entity within the avalanche of species plays a greater share of the role and thus contributes greatly to the growth and existence of this planet. After having to battle with intraspecies ‘fight and survive’ relation within his colony conditioning him into psychological, social, and emotional, problems; he unquestionably relates with other species in an interspecies relationship. Though this interspecies relationship does not produce only negative outcomes and raises positive outcomes as well, a great deal of it is a threat to mankind’s survival and growth. One interspecies relationship that mankind experiences mutual benefits is that with plants and with species such as those of some virus, bacterial, protozoans, etc., he experiences a parasitic relationship with a lot of negative outcomes. The chapter “Plant and Infectious Diseases,” explore the relationship between man and plants that heals him and his relationship with other kinds of species that renders him into illness. It talks about how plants can help us remedy infectious diseases.
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Ibrahim, Majid. "Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Hormones in Bioactive Compounds Production in Medicinal Plants Via In Vitro Culture Technique." In Plant Hormones - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102814.
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The natural compounds produced in plants are classified into two major groups (Primary and secondary metabolic compounds). These compounds are the precursor materials for thecompounds of the second group, which are represented by secondary metabolites, most of which produce from three main compounds: shikimic acid, acetate, and fatty acids. Primary metabolites are the basic units in the metabolism of secondary compounds. Tissue cultures of plants are used to produce large quantities of secondary metabolic products, although cultures of callus and cell suspensions often do not produce higher levels of the whole plant. Therefore, some technologies were used to increase the production of secondary metabolites by plant tissue culture techniques through the selection of high-production cells. The growth of plant cells in tissue cultures occurs when the requirements for division and growth are available for them from nutrients, growth regulators, and any other additives that all affect the metabolic activities within the cells. To achieve optimal productivity of secondary metabolites, it is preferable to produce cells in a medium that is optimal for increasing biomass. Plant growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins affect cell division, various metabolic processes, and plant growth in tissue cultures.
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Nandini, Boregowda, Kiran S. Mawale, and Parvatam Giridhar. "The Contemporary Facts Towards In Vitro Production of the Plant-derived Medicinal Metabolites." In In Vitro Propagation and Secondary Metabolite Production from Medicinal Plants: Current Trends (Part 1). BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165227124010014.
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Plants are active biochemical factories of a vast group of secondary metabolites (SMs) and these SMs are indeed a basic source of various commercial pharmaceutical drugs. From the prehistoric time, plants have been used for therapeutic resolutions. Medicinal and aromatic plants are the biogenic pond of diverse forms of SMs, which results in their overexploitation. There is an increasing need for the natural phytochemicals from plants for sustainable and economical value forces their mass production through in vitro plant tissue culture (PTC) methods. A vast quantity of medicinal plants and their metabolites have been developed by in vitro culture techniques in a small time period related to conventional methods. In vitro plant cell cultures assist in a potential role in the commercial production of SMs. The novel prime practices of in vitro techniques facilitate transgenic cultures and enlighten the understanding lane of regulation and expression of biosynthetic pathways. SMs have composite chemical alignment and are created in response to different forms of stress to accomplish various physiological tasks in the plant host system. They are immensely utilized in pharmaceutical industries, dietary supplements, cosmetics, fragrances, dyes, flavors, etc. SMs are also termed specialised metabolites, secondary products, toxins or natural products; these are basically organic compounds produced by plants and are not directly involved in the growth and development of the plant. Instead, they usually intervene with ecological interactions and conceivably produce selective support for the plant host by increasing its survivability or productivity. Few SMs are specific for a narrow set of plant species within a phylogenetic group. SMs habitually play a vital role in the defense systems of plants against herbivory and other interspecies defences. Human beings uses SMs mainly for medicines, pigments, flavourings and recreational drugs. Prolonged use of these SMs in several industrial areas still needs to be focused to enhance the fabrication by using in vitro PTC practices and optimizing their largescale fabrication using bioreactors. The present book chapter intends to highlight the rationale of the in vitro production of SMs from medicinal plants and their progress in the modern epoch for the mass production facts toward the step of commercial and economical forte.
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Jamal, Sharib. "Pharmaceutical Mfg Plant." In A Text Book of Pharmaceutics for I Year Diploma in Pharmacy. THINKPLUS PHARMA PUBLICATIONS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69613/4qt8e703.
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Pharmaceutical manufacturing plants are complex facilities designed to produce high-quality medicinal products in compliance with regulatory standards. This section provides an overview of the key components and considerations in designing and operating a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant. The layout and design principles of manufacturing facilities, including material and personnel flow, are discussed with emphasis on contamination control and operational efficiency. Various production areas, such as dispensing, granulation, compression, and packaging, are explored along with their specific equipment requirements. The concept of current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and its implementation in facility design and operation is examined. Utility systems critical to pharmaceutical manufacturing, including HVAC, water purification, and compressed air systems, are addressed. Quality assurance and quality control functions within the manufacturing plant, including in-process controls and finished product testing, are detailed. Environmental monitoring programs and their role in maintaining product quality are discussed. The importance of documentation systems, including batch records and standard operating procedures, is highlighted. Facility validation processes, including equipment qualification and process validation, are explored
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M. Hassanein, Ahmed. "Application of Tissue Culture Techniques to Improve the Productivity of Medicinal Secondary Products from Medicinal Plants." In Plant Breeding - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105193.
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The plant kingdom is considered the most important source of medicinal chemicals. In vitro culture techniques are being considered a promising alternative to traditional agricultural processes to improve medicinal plants multiplication and their production of pharmaceutical compounds. In this chapter, several in vitro culture strategies are discussed to improve secondary metabolites production, including (1) plant kingdom as a source of medicinal chemicals, (2) in vitro culture of medicinal plants, (3) culture media optimization, (4) application of suspension cell culture for production of secondary metabolites, (5) elicitation to enhance the productivity of the culture, (6) precursor intermediates feeding, (7) selection of high-yielding cell lines, (8) overexpression of genes that control the production of bioactive compounds, and (9) scale-up production. Also, challenges that hinder the in vitro culture of medicinal plants using different techniques and the use of those techniques to produce pharmaceutical compounds are discussed in this chapter, including (a) secondary metabolites toxicity, (b) low growth rate, (c) culture browning, (d) limitation in the application of transformation, (e) somaclonal variation, and (f) vitrification. Therefore, the principal objective of the current chapter was to shed light on the studies on some medicinal plants and the used protocols to overcome some difficulties in terms of in vitro propagation that maximize their economic values.
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Bozyel, Mustafa Eray, Elif Merdamert Bozyel, and Kerem Canli. "Ethnobotanical Uses of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Herniated Disc in Turkish Traditional Medicine." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1320-0.ch011.
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Humans have known the therapeutic properties and plant origin poisons of many plant species since ancient times. Ancient people who had no real and scientific knowledge on diseases and treatments tried to find solutions to these problems by the opportunities they had and the theories they could produce. Plants are the most important source of traditional folk medicine. People around the world have benefited from plants grown in their environment for this purpose. In these drugs, whole plant or various plant organs or secondary substances were used. Over the years, several therapies have emerged to treat herniated disc, ranging from conservative treatment to minimally invasive and percutaneous techniques to open surgical methods. This chapter examines the recent studies to form a compilation on ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants for the treatment of herniated disc and their local names, parts, and usage forms in Turkish traditional medicine.
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"Molecular Markers for the Evaluation of Clonal Fidelity in Medicinal Plants." In Protocols used in Molecular Biology, edited by Arpan Modi and Surapathrudu Kanakala. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789811439315120010018.
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Medicinal plants are major sources of secondary metabolites for which they have been paid more attention by pharmaceutical industries. In order to produce these secondary metabolites, medicinal plants are cultivated and for that plant tissue or organ, culture can be a suitable alternative. However, these plants are treated with plant hormones and elicitors to enhance the secondary metabolites and such elicitation may lead to genetic or epigenetic changes which are known as somaclonal variations. Thus, a stringent method of monitoring is required to observe the true-to-types of these medicinal plants when multiplied through tissue culture. Molecular markers like Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) are highly suitable markers to assess clonal fidelity in micropropagated medicinal plants. In the present chapter, the execution of such markers to check somaclonal variations in tissue culture raised medicinal plants is discussed in detail.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Medicinal plant produce"
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Taj, Shaheen, Aisha Siddekha, Sankara Papavinasam, and R. Winstone Revie. "Some Natural Products as Green Corrosion Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07630.
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Abstract Pipelines are the safest and most economical means of transporting oil and gas in offshore and onshore production facilities. Corrosion inhibitors continue to play a significant role in protecting the pipelines from internal corrosion. A number of corrosion inhibitors have been developed with low environmental impact without compromising on their inhibitor efficiency. Recently geographical location specific-regulations for several regions have been implemented. The most prominent of these are the environmental regulations for the North Sea (UK, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands), US Gulf Coast, Eastern Canada etc. This paper describes the investigations using aqueous extracts of leaves of medicinal plants A, B and C; and root of plant D as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in synthetic ocean water by weight loss method. These natural products were designed for application in Indian oil and gas industry and other environmentally sensitive platforms; exploiting their low toxicity-as medicinal plants and ease of biodegradation-as water soluble extracts. Aqueous extracts of plant materials A, B, C and D were investigated for Bioaccumulation. All the extracts exhibited low bioaccumulation and good corrosion protection. These preliminary investigations conducted to select green inhibitors revealed that aqueous extracts of C and D exhibited better corrosion performance than A and B. Weight loss studies results at 50ppm and 100ppm in the absence and presence of Hydrogen sulfide further support this fact. This paper also presents a brief overview of the principal criteria the inhibitor developers must follow to determine whether a given corrosion inhibitor is environmentally acceptable in a given region. It also presents the criteria for green corrosion inhibitors for Indian oil and gas industry pertinent to the characteristic marine biodiversity, local priority issues like major sources of pollution, demography, the nature of regional and international environmental agreements etc.
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Balmush, Zinaida, Maria Gonceariuc, Ludmila Cotelea, and Violeta Butnarash. "New achievements in aromatic and medicinal plant breeding." In Scientific International Symposium “Advanced Biotechnologies - Achievements and Prospects” (VIth Edition). Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/abap6.2022.86.
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Cultivation and processing of aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP), to be used for maintaining and improving health, are in continuous development in our country. Research on the species Salvia sclarea L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill, using modern methods, was initiated at the Research Station for Aromatic Plants and Essential Oils. Since 1996, research of major importance in the field of genetics and breeding of aromatic and medicinal plants, as well as the creation of promising genotypes has been conducted at IGPPP. The cultivation of these species is particularly advantageous due to the cultivars of aromatic and medicinal plants that in droughty years produce higher amounts of good quality essential oil than in the years with normal amount of atmospheric precipitation. Our research was aimed at determining the best uses of aromatic and medicinal plants, the creation and evaluation of new genotypes of aromatic and medicinal plants, the development of cultivars and hybrids adapted to the climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova, with superior characteristics not only from the point of view of productivity, but also of the quality of the raw material, of the essential oil, due to the high concentration of active principles; maintaining, reproducing and implementing new cultivars. Purpose. The importance of aromatic and medicinal plants is determined by the multiple uses of essential oils in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, food etc.; for this reason, research was focused on the diversification of the initial breeding material, the improvement of the assortment of hybrids and cultivars. Genetics and breeding, as well as creation of new cultivars and hybrids is a continuous process. Each newly approved, patented cultivar is more efficient than the previous ones.
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Stojković, Danijela, Verica Jevtić, Maja Đukić, Đorđe Petrović, Sandra Jovičić Milić, and Marijana Kasalović. "SADRŽAJ VITAMINA C U EKSTRAKTIMA ŠIPURKA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.541s.
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Rosehip is rich in vitamin C. It also contains provitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin K, as well as many minerals. Rosehip is most often used to produce jams and marmalades. It can also be used to produce drinks because its specific taste and aroma significantly contributes to the appearance and taste of juices. Tea is also the most famous way to use rosehips. Due to the high content of vitamin C and pectin, it can be used for canning food in cooking and for preparing winter food. Medicinal wine can also be made from rose hips. In this paper, extracts of the plant Rosehip obtained by different extraction methods, were examined. The content of extracted substances was determined, as well as the content of vitamin C in order to determine which method will give the best yields of extracts.
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Siriwardena, B. P., N. P. Vidanapathirana, K. G. Ketipearachchi, and L. R. W. D. M. Rajasekara. "Social and Economic Effects of the Cultivation of Solanum Virginianum; A Case Study in Anamaduwa DS Division, Sri Lanka." In SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/evom4419.
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Solanum virginianum is a plant which belongs to the Solanaceae family that is used for medicinal purposes. This plant is rather widespread in Sri Lanka and the advantages of farming these plants might either be for economic or for social purposes. In none of the research that has been undertaken so far has the significance of these socioeconomic outcomes been highlighted. Consequently, this study's objective is to investigate the economic and social implications of farmers' cultivation of Solanum virginianum. For the study, seventy (70) farmers who cultivate Solanum virginianum were selected from the Anamaduwa Divisional Secretariats Division in Sri Lanka's Northwestern Province. Using a stratified random sampling technique, all respondents in the sample were requested to complete a pretested, standardized questionnaire form. Qualitative data was gathered by using a a fivepoint Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Most farmers are male, between the ages of 41 and 50, and they possess a high school diploma. In addition, many of them are married. Farmers in the region rely not just on the production of Solanum virginianum, but also on a variety of other crops, and many farmers in the sample have extremely low incomes. The study determined that when economic and sociological elements were integrated, the dependent variables did not produce statistically significant outcomes. In addition, the between-subject effects of economic and social factors seen during Solanum virginianum production were not statistically significant. Therefore, the authorized individuals should be concerned with these effects to increase the cultivation of Solanum virginianum for the Sri Lankan medicinal industry. Keywords: Cultivation; Economical; Farmers; Social; Solanum virginianum
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Šarčević-Todosijević, Ljubica, Kristina Vojvodić, Marija Perić, Janko Pejović, Nikola Đorđević, and Andrijana Zuber. "ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY AND PROTECTION OF PLANT TAXONS." In 12. JEEP INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AGRIBUSINESS CONFERENCE, MAK 2025 – KOPAONIK. Association science and business center WORLD; Institute for plant protection and environment, Belgrade, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/mak2025.320st.
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Photosynthesis is the most important life process of plants, which enables the existence of life on planet Earth. Photosynthesis, which represents the primary production of organic matter, produces food for all organisms connected by food chains in ecosystems. The secondary metabolites of plants have long been considered biologically unimportant, but interest in these natural products has also been fueled by their widespread use as dyes, polymers, perfumes, drugs, and biopesticides. The paper uses the method of data analysis, which was collected from certain scientific studies, including scientific studies conducted by the authors. The importance and protection of plant taxons are discussed, with special reference to their biochemical activity and possibilities of application as medicines and biopesticides. Based on the review of available literature data, it is concluded that plants are not only organisms that enable and support the existence of life on planet Earth, but are also used in industry, medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. Also, they neutralize the negative effect of climate change. Within the measures for the protection of the entire biodiversity, the protection of plant taxons is very important.
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Raischi, Viorica, Ecaterina Covaci, Lorena A. Filip, Simona Codruta Heghes, and Oara Neumann. "Enhancing polyphenol delivery systems for effective chronic kidney disease management." In "Fiziologia şi sănătatea", congresul fiziologilor. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Medical Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52692/cfzl2024.37.
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Nature provided the inspiration and the ingredients for therapeutic medicine. More than 50% of all current medicinal drugs are made from herbal plants, roots, and fruits. According to the World Health Organization, 75% of the world's population uses plant-based medicine. These products contain only purified ingredients that may reduce the final product's antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, we aim to develop a method of extraction that may stabilize the antioxidant properties of the product. Polyphenols are organic compounds found in fruits and vegetables such as onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus. Polyphenols exhibit significant antibacterial and antimicrobial activity, antihypertensive and vasodilator effects, and antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic activities. Conventional extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, or microwave-assisted extraction, use solvents with different polarities (ethanol, methanol, water, and chloroform) or elevated temperatures. Here, we developed a method of extraction and stabilization that involves an alcoholic solution and plant-based stabilizers.
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Popescu, Sofia Georgeta, Antoanela Cozma, Lia Sanda Rotariu, Ariana Bianca Velciov, and Florina Radu. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ROMANIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS BASED ON TOTAL POLYPHENOLS CONTENT." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.15.
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Herbal teas are a popular beverage, that can be prepared very easily (by pouring hot water on various dried herbs). It is very important to monitor and develop a screening methodology for detecting the metal content of both tea plants and herbal tea. A variety of bioactive phytochemicals in the human diet are from f plant-based foodstuffs. Due to their minor side effects, the medicinal plants are widely used to treat many human diseases. Polyphenols, the most abundant components in tea, determine the quality and health function of tea. There are a variety of methods for the analysis of total polyphenols content from tea and medicinal plants, which range from the traditional titration method, to the widely used spectrophotometry based on the color Folin� Ciocalteu reaction. Natural products from medicinal plants, from the old foundations of traditional medicine, play today a vital role in the discovery of new active therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to establish the total content of polyphenols of herbal of tea (medicinal plant) grown in different regions of Romania. In our work we collected herbal teas from county Gorj. These herbals are rosehip (Rose canina), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), peppermint (Mentha piperita), marigold (Calendula officinalis), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), and perforate St John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum). The content of total phenols from medicinal plants were estimated by the Folin Ciocalteu method, a spectrophotometric method. The content of phenols in medicinal herbs shows significant variations determined by the nature and type of herbal tea.
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Oliveira, Mirian Andrade de, Jaryelle Santos de Oliveira, Ana Luzia Ferreira Farias, Patrick de Castro Cantuária, and Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida. "Phytochemical prospection of the plant species Caladium bicolor (Ainton) vent: discovery of new secondary metabolites of the plant." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-099.
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Abstract Since its beginning, mankind has been using medicinal plants for therapeutic and nutritional purposes. Both plant and animal material were, and still are, used to make products as a mineral source for their survival (RATES, 2001). According to the World Health Organization the use of traditional natural medicine is handled preferentially by about 80% of the population. Its use is disposed to the primary care in health and the development of the same. Its use aims, in its majority, the handling of traditional therapies that involve the use of a plant material in natura or manufactured products based on their extracts, secondary metabolites or active ingredients (SOUSA; TESSER, 2017).
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CHITIALA, Roxana Delia, George-Alexandru MARIN, Ionut-Iulian LUNGU, Ana Flavia BURLEC, and Oana CIOANCA. "Lespedeza capitata: from legume to medicine." In "Instruire prin cercetare pentru o societate prosperă", conferinţă ştiinţifico-practică internaţională. Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46727/c.v1.16-17-05-2024.p175-180.
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Plant extracts have been pivotal in medicine and pharmacognosy for centuries, housing an array of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. This field, dedicated to exploring the medicinal properties of natural products, delves into the varied chemical compositions of these extracts. From ancient remedies to modern pharmaceuticals, they have been indispensable in healthcare. Numerous drugs, including aspirin and morphine, find their roots in plant sources. Today, extracts obtained from plants like ginseng, echinacea, and turmeric are esteemed for their immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties. Lespedeza capitata, a legume native to the Americas is the focus of this article thanks to its compounds which have shown promising results. Our results showed that this species contains various polyphenols with good antioxidant properties. Herbal remedies often capitalize on the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of plant extracts. Additionally, phytochemicals within these extracts offer promising avenues for treating diverse ailments, from diabetes to cancer. Standardized extraction processes guarantee the potency and uniformity of medicinal plant products, further bolstering their reliability in healthcare. Ongoing research into plant extracts continues to reveal their therapeutic potential, fostering novel drug discoveries and advancements in global healthcare.
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Varga, E., I. Fülöp, L. Farczádi, M. Fazakas, and MD Croitoru. "Polyphenolics from Romanian native medicinal plants and used in veterinary medicine." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399746.
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Muthike, Wairimu, Wanja Nyaga, and Wanjiku Kiarie. Decolonizing food systems: promoting traditional vegetables for sustainable nutrition in Kenya and India. Busara, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62372/dutw3025.
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In Migori County, Kenya, the revolution of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) from a weed to a staple food crop demonstrates the potential of indigenous vegetables to enhance food security and foster community resilience. For a long time, the plant occurred widely as a weed, most often referred to as ‘pigweed’, which meant that it could not be consumed as a food crop. The Amaranth, originally from South America, is a plant that produces edible leaves and grains upon maturity. The plant also boasts drought-resistance qualities and versatility. It has since found its place in local kitchens and commercial markets. Amaranth has various nutritional benefits including producing a high amount of fiber that aids with digestion and general gut health. Its leaves can be used as salad, its stem as livestock feed, and its grains can be ground into flour. Farmers in Migori, through training, have grown and utilized this superfood, resulting in a significant boost to their livelihoods and health. Amaranth’s journey from weeds to a valuable food source is one example of how traditional vegetables can empower local communities and create sustainable food systems when given the necessary attention and support. The African Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum), native to several African countries, and Gogu leaves (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) in the Asian continent, also hold similar potential to transform not only livelihoods but also nutrition and, ultimately, food security. Over the years, these traditional vegetables have adapted to local climates and acquired cultural significance among communities. For generations, amaranth has been used as both a food source and for medicinal purposes, demonstrating its resilience and versatility. In Kenya, we see Amaranth-based products like blended flour and popcorn.
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Takeda, Mamoru. Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying the Attenuation of Nociceptive and Pathological Pain by Phytochemicals: Clinical Application as Therapeutic Agents. Progress in Neurobiology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.60124/j.pneuro.2024.10.02.
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Although phytochemicals are plant-derived toxins that are primarily produced by plants as a form of defense against insects or microbes, several lines of studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals (e.g., polyphenols, carotenoids, and amino acids) have several beneficial biological actions for human health, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals can modulate neuronal excitability in the nervous system, including nociceptive sensory transmission, so it is possible that phytochemicals could be complementary alternative medicine candidates; specifically, therapeutic agents against pain. The focus of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the modulatory effects of phytochemicals on neuronal electrical signals, such as generator potentials, action potentials, and postsynaptic potentials, in the nociceptive pathway neurons resulting in potential local anesthetic effects, intravenous anesthesia and analgesic effects, and inflammatory pain relief effects. In addition, we discuss the contribution of phytochemicals to the relief of nociceptive and/or pathological pain and their potential clinical application on the basis of our recent studies in vivo.
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Ștefănescu, Ruxandra, Eszter Laczkó-Zöld, Bianca-Eugenia Ősz, and Camil-Eugen Vari. An updated systematic review of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves: phytochemistry and pharmacology. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0029.
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Review question / Objective: This review aims to present the latest knowledge on the phytochemical profile as well as the therapeutic effects of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves. Background: The leaves are used in traditional medicine of different countries for the management of diabetes. Until date there are no relevant information, only assumptions regarding the compounds that are responsible for this effect Bilberry leaves are used in many countries in traditional medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases. Well documented in the literature, the influence of pedo-climatic conditions is an important factor that is responsible for the noticeable differences among the chemical composition of herbal drugs, and also the accumulation of different metals, having significant effects on the quality of plant products.
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Avilez Bedoya, Yeimi Marcela, Francisco José Montealegre Torres, and Danilo Bonilla Trujillo. Desarrollo de un cultivo de cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) en un sistema aeropónico automatizado. Sello Editorial UNAD, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.7480.
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Contextualización: El Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) es una hierba anual, herbácea, de la familia de las Apiáceas o Umbelífera, tiene una raíz pivotante con raíces secundarias, sus tallos son rectos, presenta hojas compuestas, flores blancas y frutos aromáticos, tiene una altura promedio de 40 a 60 cm, Coriandrum sativum L es su nombre científico, donde la palabra Coriandrum “deriva de la palabra griega “Koris” que significa chinche (insecto), en referencia al olor que despide el fruto inmaduro de la planta joven” (García, 2002, p.20), y su nombre específico Sativum, quiere decir que es una planta cultivada, actualmente recibe otros nombres comunes como; Coriandro, Perejil chino, Perejil árabe y culantro, su origen es muy poco conocido pero se considera originario del sureste de Europa y del norte de África. Los principales países productores de Cilantro son India, Rusia, Marruecos, México, Rumania, Argentina, Irán y Pakistán. Los principales países importadores son; Alemania, Estados Unidos, Sri Lanka y Japón, de acuerdo con Reliance Spot Exchangue (2011) citado en Arizio et al. (2011) “India es el principal productor y consumidor mundial. La Aeroponía es una técnica de cultivo en la cual las plantas se desarrollan en el aire sin hacer uso del suelo, este método de agricultura presenta varias ventajas como, por ejemplo; el máximo aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico, menor tiempo en producción, manejo focalizado de plagas y enfermedades, lo que permite una disminución en el uso de agroquímicos entre otras, actualmente se implementó un prototipo automatizado bajo esta técnica como objeto de estudio, empleando el Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) como especie de gran importancia comercial, culinaria y medicinal. La palabra Aeroponía viene de los términos griegos “aero” y “ponos” que significa aire y trabajo, dicha técnica es una vertiente de la hidroponía, donde el proceso consiste en cultivar 46 plantas en un entorno aéreo, cerrado, sin hacer uso del suelo, mediante el suministro de soluciones nutritivas en las raíces por medio de un sistema de riego por nebulización o microaspersión. Según la International Society for Soil-less Culture la Aeroponía es un sistema donde las raíces están expuestas, de manera continua o discontinua, a un ambiente saturado de finas gotas de una solución nutritiva. (Arano C.R., 1990, citado por Dávila & santos 2014). La Aeroponía data de los años cuarenta y una de las primeras investigaciones en el tema corresponde al científico Walter Carter (1942) en su libro “A method of growing plants in water vapor to facilitate examination of roots” Un método para cultivar plantas en vapor de agua para facilitar el examen de las raíces, donde expone una teoría referente al crecimiento de plantas en entorno aéreo. El primer sistema aeropónico fue desarrollado por el Dr. Franco Massantini en la Universidad de Pia (Italia), lo que le permitió crear las denominadas "columnas de cultivo". Una columna de cultivo consiste en un cilindro de PVC, u otros materiales, colocado en posición 49 vertical, con perforaciones en las paredes laterales, por donde se introducen las plantas en el momento de realizar el trasplante. (Durán, Martínez, & Navas, 2000). Vacío del conocimiento: La agricultura se ha convertido en una labor fundamental no solo en nuestro país, sino en el mundo entero, ya que depende de la misma para asegurar el alimento futuro de la humanidad, por esta razón han existido alternativas las cuales se han enfocado en mejorar la producción agrícola promoviendo la conservación del suelo, las cuencas hidrográficas y sobre todo la preservación de la biodiversidad, por lo tanto, es necesario el desarrollo y la transformación eficiente del sector agrícola, mediante técnicas de siembra que permitan mejorar los indicadores de producción, mantener plantas saludables, minimizar el requerimiento hídrico, lo cual es una de las principales ventajas de la Aeroponía, ya que se designa un requerimiento menor de agua por cada metro cuadrado, además cuando son usados de manera comercial, solo utilizan una décima parte del agua necesaria con otros métodos de cultivo para hacer crecer la cosecha como se cita en (Hernández et al.,2013, p 20) por lo consiguiente y referente a lo anterior, no sucede lo mismo en los cultivos tradicionales, debido a que “el agua que no va directamente a las raíces de la planta, es absorbida por la tierra o simplemente luego evaporada” (Rocha et al.,2017 p 134). Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que a través de esta técnica innovadora se puede obtener un ahorro de agua por encima del 80% con respecto al total de agua que se usa en el tiempo de riego. Colombia es un país que en gran parte depende de la agricultura como parte del progreso económico del mismo, por lo tanto, implementar el sistema Aeropónico Automatizado permite obtener un modelo con las características deseadas del cultivo, en este caso de Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) el cual pretende demostrar un estilo de producción útil, segura, ecológica, sustentable y de calidad para enfrentar grandes rectos en cuestión económicos y sobre todo como recurso eficiente para la seguridad alimentaria y de esta manera tener más participación y competitividad frente a otros países del mundo. Por otro lado, el desarrollo de la agricultura a nivel mundial es constante, el crecimiento poblacional de las últimas décadas ha influenciado en el desarrollo de nuevas modalidades de producción más eficientes que permitan contribuir a la sostenibilidad alimentaria que genera la alta demanda de alimentos. La FAO estima (2017) que “para cubrir la demanda en 2050, la 27 agricultura tendrá que producir casi un 50% más de alimentos, forraje y biocombustible de los que producía en 2012” (p.21) Por lo tanto, se ha optado por realizar agricultura intensiva en grandes extensiones de tierra, agotando los suelos y enfrentado otros problemas como plagas y enfermedades que se generan y expanden de manera periódica y muy rápida, lo que conlleva a implementar el uso descontrolado de agroquímicos que no solo afectan el suelo, sino el medio ambiente y por ende la salud del ser humano. A medida que aumenta la presión sobre las tierras y los recursos hídricos ya escasos, el sector agroalimentario debe buscar la forma de reducir su huella ecológica, que abarca las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, la utilización de agua, el desperdicio de alimentos, y sus efectos sobre la salud del suelo, los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad. FAO (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, 2017, p.37) Dicho lo anterior y actualmente, la Aeroponía se ha convertido en una fuente de estudio e investigación por parte de universidades, empresas privadas y entidades públicas, que ha permitido mostrar sus avances por medio de artículos, informes, videos, acerca de este sistema de producción y de esta manera contrarrestar algunas problemáticas, mencionadas anteriormente, además Martínez, P. (2016) concluye en su artículo “Aeroponía como método de cultivo sostenible, rentable e incluyente en Bogotá D.C, Colombia”, que la Aeroponía según los resultados de las matrices realizadas y la relación costo-beneficio a nivel urbano frente al cultivo tradicional, presenta grandes ventajas a nivel sostenible aun por encima de la hidroponía ya que, los recursos naturales no se ven comprometidos e impactados por la práctica, ayudando a la preservación y conservación de los ecosistemas, además de ahorrar con su propio sistema mediante el reciclaje de nutrientes y el sistema temporizado de riego. Propósito: Detallar el desarrollo de un Cultivo de Cilantro (Coriandrum Sativum) en un Sistema Aeropónico Automatizado, de igual manera realizar una comparación entre este tipo de sistema y otro sistema tradicional, bajo condiciones agroecológicas locales y por consiguiente demostrar el funcionamiento de ambos métodos de producción. Metodología: La metodología del proyecto se basó en la observación y análisis de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, los cuales nos brindaran la información sobre el comportamiento que tuvieron las plantas en el sistema aeropónico y de igual manera del cultivo en suelo, de tal manera que podamos detallar características ejemplares durante todo el ciclo productivo de las mismas, por lo consiguiente se realizó un análisis comparativo del desarrollo y crecimiento de las plantas de Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) en los dos sistemas de producción agrícola. Resultados y conclusiones: Durante el desarrollo de las plantas de Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) en suelo, se obtuvo resultados como el periodo para la germinación, color antes, durante y después del proceso, altura final de las plantas para la cosecha, peso total de biomasa aérea y tiempo ciclo productivo y factores externos e internos que pudiesen afectar el desarrollo de las plantas. En el sistema aeropónico se obtuvieron resultados tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos, como, por ejemplo; la ganancia final de biomasa aérea, altura promedio final, tomando como referencia el metro cuadrado, el tiempo del ciclo productivo, el color de las plantas y factores externos que pueden interferir en el desarrollo de los especímenes. Para concluir, en el sistema aeropónico las plantas tuvieron un mejor rendimiento, mayor peso en follaje, ciclo productivo más corto, mayor altura a comparación de un sistema tradicional en suelo, por otro lado, en lo que corresponde a los demás factores como el tiempo, porcentaje y cantidad de semillas germinadas no hubo una diferencia mayor en ambos procedimientos.