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Dimova, Rumiana. "Propriétéshydrodynamiques de membranes modèle : étude à l'aide de particules manipulées optiquement". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10595.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarchal, Damien. "Développement d'un modèle biomimétique de membrane supportée : étude structurale et cinétique". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1176.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaye, Ibrahima. "Polymères en étoile de cyclodextrine amphiphiles et leurs interactions avec une membrane lipidique modèle". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work is the synthesis of amphiphilic star copolymers based on -cyclodextrin and their possible interactions with model lipid bilayers, such as artificial nanopores. In a first step, the synthesis of multifunctional initiator, per(2-O-methyl-3,6-di-O-hydroxypropyl)--CD, was performed and its characterization by 1H, 13C NMR and ESI-mass spectrometry confirms itsstructure. The polymerization of butylene oxide initiated by -CD derivative, in presence of phosphazene base, was then performed and allowed us to synthesize hydrophobic 14-arm star polymers, characterizedby NMR (1H, 13C, DOSY) and size exclusion chromatography. Hydrophilic macromolecular chains (polyethylene glycol, polyglycidol) are coupled to those latter hydrophobic polymers, using ‘grafting onto’ and ‘grafting from’ methods, and the characterization of the resulting copolymer architecture was performed (NMR, SEC). Finally, among the different potential applications, the ability of the star copolymers to form artificial nanoporeswas evaluated by patch-clamp technique
Perrot, Carine. "Mécanismes de dégradation des membranes polyaromatiques sulfonées en pile à combustible". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145619.
Pełny tekst źródłaCette étude porte sur la compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu lors du vieillissement de membranes alternatives, non fluorées, de type PEEKs et PIs, étape indispensable au développement de structures plus stables. Dans ce cas, le processus est avant tout chimique. Une démarche originale, qui consiste à étudier le mécanisme de dégradation sur des structures modèles, a été adoptée afin de contourner les difficultés analytiques propres aux polymères. Les vieillissements sont réalisés dans l'eau, éventuellement additionnée de H2O2 (identifié comme une des causes du vieillissement chimique des membranes en pile), à différentes températures. La démarche consiste à isoler par chromatographie les différents produits formés, à les identifier (RMN, IR, SM) et à les quantifier. Ceci nous a permis d'établir le mécanisme de vieillissement. Nous avons en particulier montré que le vieillissement d'une structure PEEKs résulte principalement d'une attaque par les bouts de chaîne qui se propage à l'ensemble. Ce mécanisme a été validé sur une membrane vieillie en ex-situ et testée en pile. Ces deux types de vieillissement conduisent à une diminution importante du degré de polymérisation (déterminé par CES) et à la formation des mêmes produits primaires de dégradation. En pile, une dégradation hétérogène est mise en évidence essentiellement côté cathode.
Les PIs sont connus pour leur forte sensibilité à l'hydrolyse. Toutefois, nous avons pu montrer que la dégradation est relativement limitée à 80°C en raison d'une recombinaison des espèces hydrolysées.
Freudenthal, Oona. "Étude de l’action de peptides antimicrobiens par méthodes spectroscopiques : de la membrane modèle au biofilm bactérien". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0197/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe emergence and multiplication of infections involving resistant and multi-resistant antibiotic-resistant bacteria is currently a major challenge in the field of health. Indeed, the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotic molecules has become an increasingly worrying phenomenon, particularly in hospitals, hence the need for new therapies and new antimicrobial agents that are more effective. Many conventional antibiotic agents have been developed in recent years, but many of them still present risks of more or less toxic side effects on eukaryotic cells, and despite their high effectiveness against multi-resistant microorganisms. Thus, antimicrobial peptides are considered good candidates in the fight against multi-resistant microorganisms, mainly because of their low toxicity to eukaryotic cells and their different modes of action compared to conventional antibiotics. Indeed, the latter are generally non-specific and are less likely to lead to the observed resistance phenomena for conventional antibiotics.The aim of the work carried out in this thesis was to study the modes of action of the two different antimicrobial agents; (I) colistin, a cyclic polypeptide already used to treat infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria; and (ii) bovine catestatin (CAT), a recently discovered linear peptide belonging to the Host Defense Peptides Ie produced by the endocrine and immune system of mammals. This study was carried out mainly using different physico-chemical characterization methods such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The activity of colistin on pure and mixed phospholipid membranes (based on DPPC, DOPC and DPPE) was monitored in real time and in situ by these two techniques. The changes in the biochemical fingerprint of the membranes, in particular in the Amide II band and in the Amide II / C = O integrated intensity ratio allowed us to reinforce the hypothesis that the activity of the peptide was more intense On mixed membranes than on pure membranes. Similar changes in the biochemical footprint of these membranes were observed when they were exposed to catestatin. In addition, infrared spectroscopy has also demonstrated conformational changes in the structure of catestatin, in particular by the passage from a so-called random coil structure to an alpha-helix structure, and only in contact with the structure membrane. Such conformational changes could be implicated in the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of this peptide. In addition, we have also been interested in the action of the two peptides on more complex phospholipid membranes since they consist mainly of natural extracts of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lipid A, LPS-s and LPS-re). Our results showed that the two antimicrobial agents were responsible for a reorganization of the structure of the membranes and in some cases the peptide was at the origin of the formation of the pores of different sizes. The influence of the elasticity of the membrane has also been studied using force spectroscopy (AFM). This study revealed a considerable impact of the peptides on the mechanical properties of the membranes and in particular on their elasticity. In order to approximate the actual conditions of antimicrobial treatment, we exhibited different bacterial E. coli biofilms from doses of two antimicrobial peptides. This latter study was carried out in real time and in situ using infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy allowed us to follow the modifications of the biochemical fingerprint of the biofilm on the course of the treatment. Also provided information on possible changes in bacterial metabolism. In parallel with these measurements, the AFM allowed us to observe the changes in the morphology and mechanical properties of the bacterial biofilm as a function of the antimicrobial treatment applied. [...]
Lefebvre, Xavier. "Etude des modèles de transfert en nanofiltration : application du modèle hybride basé sur les équations de Nernst-Planck étendues par le développement du logiciel de simulation "nanoflux"". Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20082.
Pełny tekst źródłaAit, Ben Aoumar Abdellah. "Synthèse et caractérisation de membranes bio. Et hémocompatibles à base de polyhydroxybutyrate : essai d'application dans un modèle expérimental : le pancréas bio-artificiel". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20120.
Pełny tekst źródłaRubatat, Laurent. "Nouveau modèle structural des membranes Nafion ®, polymère de référence pour l'application pile à combustible basse température". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10142.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelrue, Florian. "Modélisation du procédé bioréacteur à membranes immergées : calage et validation du modèle ASM1 sur un site réel : étude des interactions boues activées, conditions opératoires et membrane". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13760/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMembrane bioreactors (MBRs) are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of municipal wastewater especially when land is limited or when the treatment requirements are high. Nevertheless, the operation of these plants and in particular the fouling of the membrane are still difficult to manage for the operators. Modelling is an efficient tool, which has already been successfully used on conventional activated sludge processes, for the operation and the understanding of the process using Activated Sludge Models (ASM). Biological treatment and membranes filtration capacity (fouling) are two aspects that can be modeled on MBRs. In this work, three full-scale plants were investigated and one of them was chosen for the ASM1 calibration. The usual methodology was adapted to the MBR specificities and to the modeled wastewater treatment plant in particular (wastewater fractionation, oxygen calibration) and a new set of ASM1 parameters was estimated. The influence of the sludge properties and the operating conditions on the membrane filtration capacity is still the subject of numerous studies, generally on pilot-scale MBRs, and modelling is in its early stages. The objective of this work regarding membrane filtration was to characterize the “membrane/sludge” system by studying the interactions between the sludge properties, the operating conditions and the filtration parameters (membrane permeability and fouling rate) and to compare them with the results from the literature. The two studied MBRs showed quite different behaviors and correlations between parameters, validating the statement that the interactions between membranes, sludge and operating conditions are very complex
Mion, Delphine. "Membranes remodeling by proteins in intracellular trafficking : a bottom up approach of the roles of golgins for Golgi structuration and of SNAREs for synaptic fusion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPSLE001.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiological membranes play a crucial role in cells. Over the past few decades, they have been recognized not only as barriers that define cellular compartments, but also as transducers, reactors, and sensors. These membranes are highly complex two-dimensional structures. Their composition, with lipids, proteins, and sugars, is variable and depends on their specific functions. They are also very dynamic, which is particularly evident during intracellular trafficking. This tightly regulated process ensures the transport of proteins, lipids, and other molecules between organelles, notably through membrane-enveloped cargos called vesicles. The formation and fusion of these sacs constantly cause deformation of organelles membrane, as well as import and export of membrane material. Surprisingly enough, the system remains globally stable despite these constant fluxes. Although many components of the molecular machineries involved in this lively yet stable ballet have been identified, precise operational molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Traditional approaches in cellulo to studying protein players in intracellular trafficking are limited by the interdependence of multiple pathways, making it hard to untangle complex interactions. A complementary approach, used in our lab, is bottom-up reconstruction. By using minimal and controlled systems, we aim ta model these phenomena from scratch and understand the contributions of individual molecular effectors. This thesis focuses on two distinct intracellular trafficking processes. First, we studied the organization of the Golgi apparatus, a key site for sorting and modifying proteins alter synthesis. The unique structure of the Golgi, resembling a stack of pancakes, is remarkably resilient. lt disassembles and reforms during cell division and remains stable during interphase, despite continuous material exchange. We hypothesized that certain proteins, such as GM130, actas scaffolds to maintain this structure. Using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a model, we studied GM130 and showed that its phase separation on membrane is driven by a 200-aminoacid segment near its N-terminus. This segment is predicted to form a coiled-coil structure. This is surprising because liquid-liquid phase separation generally involves intrinsically disordered domains. We also explored the mechanical properties that the presence of the protein could give to the membrane. Although experimental challenges limited our ability ta fully characterize these properties, we observed that protein crowding, for densities similar to what can be found on Golgi membranes and regardless of protein type, can lead ta membrane plasticity in our model system. The second process studied is synaptic fusion. SNARE proteins are the main drivers of vesicle fusion with target membranes. Using simplified models and rule-of-thumb calculations, we identified bottlenecks in SNARE-mediated fusion and highlighted the role of the additional protein effectors known to catalyze the process in vivo. Furthermore, we used a suspended membrane set up and a bulk assay to characterize mutant SNAREs. Our goal was to test a more complex theoretical model of fusion. We found that some results of the model needed to be revisited due to a misinterpretation of the experimental data it was based on. Hence the experiments were discontinued. However, this work provided valuable insights into the model, thereby highlighting the importance of close collaboration between theoretical and experimental approaches. Overall, this thesis deepens our understanding of Iwo proteins involved in different intracellular trafficking pathways. It also highlights the value of in vitro assays, which we improved during the course of this work, and paves the way for future research. On a personal note, it was also a humble harvest of a few epistemological take-aways
Loudet-Courrèges, Cécile. "Les bicelles biphényles : un nouveau modèle de biomenbrane pour l'étude de protéines membranaires par RMN des solides". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13306.
Pełny tekst źródłaChhiba, Mostafa. "Le champ de forces SPASIBA de phospholipides : sa paramétrisation et son application à des simulations de dynamique moléculaire d'un modèle de biomembrane". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10074.
Pełny tekst źródłaLavielle, Nicolas. "Fabrication de nanofibres et nanoparticules de biopolyesters pour la libération contrôlée d'un composé modèle". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063059.
Pełny tekst źródłaLabbez, Christophe. "Etude du transport et de la rétention de solutés neutres et ioniques par le modèle DSPM : membranes de nano- et d'ultra-filtration fine". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2044.
Pełny tekst źródłaModeling of the matter transport through a charged microporous medium is a necessary step to understand and control the selectivity of a nanofiltration membrane. In this work, a model based on the application of the extended Nernst-Planck equation and the assumption of a modified Donnan equilibrium at both membrane/solution interfaces is developed. Besides the analysis of transport mechanisms, the model allows to relate a membrane's microscopic structural and charge properties to the solute retentions. The effective pore radius (rp) and effective volume charge (X) of nanofiltration membranes could be then determined by fitting the experimental retention of neutral and charged solutes. The comparison of the predicted values of the membrane X and rp with those determined from independent measurements does not allow to conclude definitively on the validity of the model. Results show that a charge regulation phenomenon occurs inside the membrane pores
Vauthrin, Sébastien. "L'interaction tabac / Phytophthora : dissection d'un modèle complexe". Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS035.
Pełny tekst źródłaRejraji, Hanae. "La Glutathion Peroxydase 5 murine : modèle d'étude de l'activité sécrétoire de l'épididyme et des mécanismes de transport et d'association protéiques au spermatozöide". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21438.
Pełny tekst źródłaVigier, Maxime. "Influence des lipides membranaires sur les interactions protéiques liées aux anomalies endolysosomales dans un modèle neuronal de la maladie d'Alzheimer". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0331.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial pathology for which there is no current treatment. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the onset and progression of this disease, including the amyloid cascade, which predominates the field of research for the past 30 years. The amyloidogenic pathway requires the endocytosis of the APP protein in early endosomes where it undergoes two proteolytic cleavages, first by β-secretase to produce the C99 fragment, and then by γ-secretase to produce the Aβ peptide. One of the current hypotheses is that abnormalities of endocytosis and dysfunction of the endolysosomal system in neurons would constitute one of the early neuropathological mechanisms of AD, well before the neurotoxic cascade generated by Aβ and amyloid deposits. We advocate the hypothesis that changes in membrane organization, particularly during aging or due to lipid imbalances, may exacerbate or promote these dysfunctions. For this study, we used a human neuroblastoma model overexpressing the mutant protein APPswe. We first verified the presence of typical AD endolysosomal abnormalities (enlarged endosomes, blocked vesicular trafficking), to which we also associated low exosome production, chronic stress conditions that we correlated with neuronal death. Initially incriminating continuously produced Aβ in these cells, we sought to reduce its impact by inhibiting γ-secretase activity. This did not ameliorate the stress, but instead aggravated it, leading us to consider that it is the C99 fragment of APP, i.e. the substrate of Aβ production, that is the central amyloid product in the neurotoxic cascade seen in APP-overexpressing cells. The deleterious effects of C99 must occur before those of Aβ, explaining the known precocity of endolysosomal alterations. Accumulating as a result of γ-secretase inhibition, the C99 fragment interacts further with the early endosome-specific Rab5 protein. Maturation of the latter is thus prevented, blocking vesicular trafficking of the endolysosomal system. As the interactions between C99 and Rab5 occur at the membrane level of endosomes, we have modified the lipid composition of the bilayer and explored the consequences on these interactions. For this purpose, we treated SH-SY5Y-APPswe cells with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in neuronal membranes and known for its neuroprotective properties against Aβ toxicity and AD. The expected beneficial effect on neuronal survival was indeed observed, in parallel with the unblocking of endolysosomal trafficking and exosomal production. All these changes were correlated with a dispersion between C99 and Rab5 in the membrane, suggesting that DHA treatment may initiate membrane remodeling. This remodeling may lead to protein relocalization, whereby endosomes may exchange Rab5 for Rab7 to evolve into late endosomes, thereby overcoming the initial blockage. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that DHA can correct a phenotype directly related to AD, but its ability to remodel the neuronal membrane was previously demonstrated by our team to preserve the neurotrophic CNTF signaling in the brain of aged mice. We do not know what mechanistic principles might govern these beneficial effects, which are certainly non-specific, but we assume that by preserving the organization of the membranes of aged or chronically stressed neurons, they may prevent or restore some of the damage suffered, increase the chances of neuronal survival and thus slow AD development
Daghildjian, Katia. "Etude des mécanismes d’interaction entre des porphyrines dendrimériques et des membranes de cellules tumorales : validation d’un modèle artificiel par une approche cellulaire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114842/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhoto Dynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment against solid tumors reachable to light with less side-effects than classical chemotherapies. Its efficacy mainly relies on the physicochemical properties of a photosensitizer (PS), and its penetration into tumour cells. PDT is particularly interisting for the treatment of retinoblastoma, a malignant intraocular tumor affecting young children. Consequently, new photosensitizers need to be created. Since PS uptake may be ease by the over-expression of a mannose receptor at the surface of retinoblastoma cells, amphiphilic dendrimeric porphyrins grafted with mannose groups have been synthetised. Model membranes allow the identification of structural parameters controlling the passive penetration of porphyrins into cells. Specific interactions have been previously shown between these porphyrins and a model membrane grafted with a lectin (Concanavalin A) mimicking the mannose receptor on the retinoblastoma cell membrane. In this work we aimed at i) assessing the relevance of the membrane model with biological studies (cell culture and flow cytometry) and ii) improve the model with a lipidomic analysis of retinoblastoma cells and xenografts. Cell culture revealed to be unsuitable for our studies. To overcome this, we used an innovative approach in which retinoblastoma cells were immobilized onto the sensor of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D). We fully confirmed the results achieved with the artificial membrane model. Since the composition of a membrane plays a crucial role, a lipidomic analysis of Y79 cell and xenografts membranes has been performed. Phospholipids and cholesterol have been identified and quantified with LC-DEDL and GC-MS. The feedback from these experiments not only provided useful information about the differences in lipidic composition of these membranes, but also allowed us to refine the lipidic composition of our models
Buchoux, Sébastien. "Vers un nouveau modèle de déstabilisation des membranes biologiques par les lipopeptides : apport de la RMN à travers l'exemple de la surfactine". Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13565.
Pełny tekst źródłaPajoum, Shariati Farshid. "Etude de la viabilité et de la réactivité d'une biomasse épurative de Bioréacteur à membranes". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20265.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this study a novel method was developed to assess the viability of activated sludge present in a biological treatment process and signify its complementarity from respirometric activity. This method allows the distinction between viable vs. dead and inactive vs. active microbial cells in biomass population and can be used for a better and more efficient control of the biological activity especially in MBR systems.For this purposed two airlift oxidation ditch membrane bioreactors (AOXMBR), were designed and constructed. They were equipped with flat sheet, membranes directly immersed in the airlift section where the air injection induced sludge aeration, water circulation and continuous membrane cleaning.To evaluate the relevance of the batch, fed-batch and AOXMBR) were carried out in order to obtain a better understanding of biomass characteristic for MBR performance.Firstly, for determining the treatment capacity of the proposed AOXMBR is important to understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the system. And impact of design parameter on hydrodynamic characterization of the system was investigated. The results showed the gas holdup and liquid velocity increased with increase in superficial gas velocity and decrease in distance from aeration zone. Furthermore, gas holdup and liquid velocity in downcomer section did not show any significant variations with change in the top to bottom clearance ratio. The riser gas holdup data was related to the superficial gas velocity and the top to bottom clearance ratio data. Also, the downcomer gas holdup was related to superficial gas velocity and distance from airlift section.Secondly, viability and respirometric activity of activated sludge under different activated sludge conditions (batch, fed-batch) at high cell density as the model of membrane bioreactors were investigated. The results showed the same downward trend for both these parameters (viability and respirometric activity) which was due to quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbial culture in the activated sludge. Based on different fed of substrate for each experimental run (batch, fed-batch), operational variables showed significant influence in viability and activity of activated sludge. Also, the effect of changing physicochemical condition.on viability and respirometric activity was investigated. The results showed that respirometric activity was affected more strongly by temperature than viability.Thirdly, biological performance of AOXMBR was carried out.Finally, base on data obtained in the last experiment, in this part the capacitance sensor used as the on-line monitoring of viability of activated sludge in AOXMBR. Results showed that viability and activity were increased with organic loading rate (OLR) increasing until 5 kg COD m-3 d-1. This variation was in accordance with increasing of MLSS, MLVSS and OUR. The results also showed that the viability of biomass decreased when reducing the organic loading rate from 5 to 4 kg COD m-3 d-1. Also, protein concentration in system changed inversely with activated sludge viability.The possible reasons are discussed for future improvements online instrument for measuring viability and activity of activated sludge in biological wastewater. Summary of the principal results and novelty of this thesis obtained in this study: The porposed system would reward improved efficiency across the oxidation ditch, airlift and membrane bioreactor. The AXOMBR is a suitable system for operating at high organic laoding rate. However, the suddenly reduction of OLR affects on viability of activated sludge. The specific characterization of the system is capable of working at three different zone: aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic zone. Also, the time of operating at each zone can be changed with superficial gas velocity top to bottom clearance
Fliniaux, Ophélie. "Développement d'un modèle membranaire biomimétique supporté pour l'approche des mécanismes mitochondriaux impliqués dans le stress oxydant". Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1475.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur aim is to study oxidative stress via the functional mitochondrial electron transfer chain that is incorporated into a membrane mode!. Proteoliposomes were obtained from lipid enriched native inner mitochondrial membrane. An original support bas been developed to reconstitute the artificial membrane: an aluminium oxide microporous electrode in which the pores were big enough to allow the accumulation of vesicles inside the electrode. We have used the proteoliposomes to reconstitute the membrane by triggered fusion. The functionalization of the support had to be optimized to allow the membrane tethering and to avoid the non-specifie binding phenomena due to protuberant membrane proteins. We also had to investigate the supported membrane formation with various lipid/protein ratios for proteoliposomes as weIl as evaluate the triggered fusion efficiency of different treatments. Preliminary enzymatic electrocatalysis experiments have been performed to study proteins functionality
Essaid, Donia. "Photosensibilisateurs pour la thérapie photodynamique (PDT) des cancers : impact des modifications structurales sur leur interaction avec des membranes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS042/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is atreatment modality in which a photosensitizer(PSr) is injected to a patient. Then the tumor isilluminated with a laser. The excited PSrinduces the production of cytoxic singletoxygen. Our collaborators at the Institut Curiehave synthesized glycoconjugated tetraphenylporphyrins(TPP) for the treatment ofretinoblastoma by PDT. These compoundswere characterized in vitro and studies showedthat the most promising porphyrin crossed thecell membrane by passive transport. It is in thiscontext that this research was developed: theobjective was to study the interaction of aseries of porphyrins with membrane lipids.Firstly, porphyrin interaction with lipids wasstudied by a chromatographic approach onC18/C8, PolarTec, HILIC and IAM columns.Results showed a variation in the interactionaccording to porphyrin structures.Then, we demonstrated the effect of two TPPson phospholipid bilayers organization by DSC,and determined the localization of thisinteraction (polar heads or lipid aliphaticchains) by FTIR-ATR. The effect of TPPs onlipids and proteins was studied at the cellularlevel by IR microspectroscopy coupled withsynchrotron radiation. A discrimination ofporphyrins could be made by chemometrictools for Y79 cells but not for WERI-Rb1 norARPE-19 ones. In order to develop an artificialmembrane model, we performed lipidomicanalysis by mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) ofplasma and mitochondrial lipid membranes ofY79 and ARPE-19 cells. We determined theviscoelastic properties of lipid extracts andproposed an artificial lipid model partiallymimicking these viscoelastic properties. Thismodel could allow TPP screening in vitro
Barron, Olivia. "Catalyst Coated Membranes (CCMs) for polymerelectrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4757_1307336145.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this work it to produce membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) that have improved performance over MEAs produced by the conventional manner, by producing highly efficient, electroactive, uniform catalyst layers with lower quantities of platinum electrocatalyst. The catalyst coated membrane (CCM) method was used to prepare the MEAs for the PEM fuel cell as it has been reported that this method of MEA fabrication can improve the performance of PEM fuel cells. The MEAs performances were evaluated using polarisation studies on a single cell. A comparison of polarisation curves between CCM MEAs and MEAs produced in the conventional manner illustrated that CCM MEAs have improved performance at high current densities (>
800 mA/cm2).
Blanpain-Avet, Pascal. "Étude des paramètres gouvernant l’effet du backpulse et de la superposition de pulsations de débit et de pression lors de la microfiltration du jus de pomme sur membranes minérales". Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD360.
Pełny tekst źródłaAyoub, Pierre. "Molecular dynamics study of pyrene excimer formation and oxidation in lipid bilayer models". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe propose a novel approach to extract the lateral diffusion coefficient in lipid bilayers using excimer formation. In contrast to previous statistical models that modeled the system as points undergoing jumps from site to site on a lattice, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics to study lipid bilayers simulated using the Martini force field. We derive time dependent reaction rates from survival probabilities obtained a posteriori from numerically generated trajectories of symmetric DOPC (1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) bilayers at 283K and 293K respectively. Collision dynamics are determined by virtually relabeling the simulated molecules. The fluorescent probes are assumed to behave like ordinary membrane lipids and therefore the dynamics remain unaffected. We derive a generalized expression for the survival probability combining independent pairs and size scaling assumptions, but no assumption is made regarding the kinetic rate of the excimer formation process. By fitting the numerically determined normalized fluorescence emission intensities to experimental titration curves, we obtain two sets of results for the lateral diffusion coefficients depending whether interleaflet excimer association is allowed or not. We use a capture radius of 0.5 nm, the distance at which the probes react to form excimers. By relating Martini dynamics to real fluorescence experiments, we estimate the numerical Martini acceleration factor. We also study mixtures of oxidized-non oxidized DOPC and POPC bilayers using a hydroperoxidized model of these lipids for different concentrations of the oxidized component (3.1%, 25% and 50%). Using pair correlation functions, we extract structural information on the systems and determine whether the two components are prone to mixing or not. Finally, we calculate the thermodynamic mixing parameters within the framework of the virial expansion
Rebaud, Samuel. "Étude de l'interaction d'une famille de protéines myristoylées, les Visinin-Like Proteins, avec des membranes biomimétiques et développement d'un nouveau modèle membranaire dédié à l'étude de l'interaction protéine / lipide". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10035.
Pełny tekst źródłaTwo members of the Visinin-Like Proteins (VILIPs) family, VILIP-1 and VILIP-3, have been studied using two biomimetic membrane models, the Langmuir monolayers coupled to the Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and the supported lipid bilayers (SLB) visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using these two models, we have shown that VILIPs, N-myristoylated proteins with four EF-hands, have a membrane interaction kinetic that increases in the presence of calcium, probably due to the presence of a "calcium-myristoyl switch" mechanism. Tn contrast, the use of unmyristoylated proteins revealed that the presence of the myristoyl group is not the only factor necessary for the interaction of these proteins with the membrane. The presence of a N- terminal lysine-rich region allows this family of proteins to interact through electrostatic interactions with membranes containing anionic lipids and particularly the phosphatidylionisitol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). The presence of a small percent of phosphoinositide in the membrane is responsible for the acceleration of the binding rate of VILIPs, which is consistent with their subcellular location in cellulo. Finally, a new membrane model of peptide tethered lipid bilayers (pep-tBLM) grafted onto a gold surface was developed. The method described in this manuscript allows the formation of tBLM, containing the desired lipid composition, by using a home-designed peptide as tether. The formation is followed in real time by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and has been characterized by AFM and fluorescence microscopy
Schab, Frédéric. "Étude comparative des procédés d'électrodialyse et d'électrodéionisation : application à la fabrication d'acide lactique". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL035N/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the comparative study of electrodialysis and electrodeionization. The possibilities to integrate the electro-membrane processes in the lactic acid fermentive production lines are investigated. Two main research ways are chosen : the first one lies in the continuous extraction of natrium lactate out of the fermentation middle. For this, an electrodialysis stack of only anionic membranes is coupled with the fermenter : approximately 95 % of lactate are removed during the operation. By comparison with a standard fermentation in batch mode, no inhibition is observed, and the productivity is increased by 13. The second way is to convert the natrium lactate in lactic acid : a high purity rate is seeked. A continuous electrodeioniation process including bipolar membranes, leading to 99,9% conversion rate, is elaborated for the treatment of diluted solutions. Finally is presented the mathematic calculation of an electrodeionization compartment : experimental points and calculated values are very similar
Wolff, Jean. "Un modèle théorique des mélanges ternaires de lipides et de cholestérol". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068363.
Pełny tekst źródłaJudé, Sebastien. "Etude des effets des acides gras poly-insaturés n-3 sur les membranes des cellules cardiaques et mise au point d'un modèle d'arythmies spontanées chroniques induites par multiples embolisations des coronaires chez le chien". Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3310.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this thesis work was to understand the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA. Our study showed that: i) the peroxidation products of DHA, rather than DHA itself, were responsible for the acute effects observed on potassium channels in rat isolated ventricular cardiac cells. Ii) a diet enriched with fish oil induced a modification of the fatty acid composition of cardiac membrane phospholipids in dog. Such changes in the fatty acids composition, especially in the PI fraction, could lead to a differential activation of PKC isoforms. Iii) reproducible spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias were not obtained in the experimental model of arrhythmias induced by multiple by multiple coronary embolisations in dog. Consequently, the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA could not be tested on this experimental model
Schram, Vincent. "Approche par la diffusion translationnelle de la structuration latérale de milieux modèles membranaires". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30186.
Pełny tekst źródłaJosyula, Ratnakar. "Structural studies of yeast mitochondrial peripheral membrane protein TIM44". Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/josyula.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMourgues, Codern Alejandro. "Développement de modèles méso- et macroscopiques pour la séparation gazeuse par membranes : Etude de trois cas". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20016.
Pełny tekst źródłaHarmouche, Nicole. "Les liposomes biphényles : un nouveau modèle de biomembrane magnétique fluorescent : caractérisation par RMN des solides, microscopies optiques et électroniques et SAXS". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959353.
Pełny tekst źródłaPazin, Wallance Moreira. "Anisotropia de fluorescência: aplicações em membranas modelo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-26062012-145823/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of amphiphilic aggregates is extremely important due to their cell membrane mimic, which are essential for the life of the cell. It is known that phospholipids do not have molecular structure well defined in membranes, but play an essential role in maintaining of their integrity. Zwitterionic phospholipids are one of the main components of cell membranes, and a simplified model for the membranes are the bilayers they can form in aqueous medium. The main characteristic of lipid bilayers is the self-organization of lipids, making it necessary to study natural and spontaneous process, as their structural and dynamical properties. The fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to study many processes and systems of biological interest, especially by measurement of fluorescence anisotropy, which gives information about the rotational dynamics of the fluorescent probe inserted in the systems of interest, reflecting the combined effects of flexibility, fluidity and static interactions with surrounding molecules. In this work we examined the structural and dynamic properties of phospholipid model membranes formed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline DPPC by techniques related to fluorescence spectroscopy, mainly by measurements of steady-state and time resolved anisotropy of the probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-yl (NBD) attached to different regions of phospholipid molecules and also the lipophilic probe 2-amino-N-hexadecyl-benzamide (Ahba). The measurements were perfomed above and below of the phase transition temperature of the phospholipid bilayers of DPPC, gel and liquid-crystalline phase, due to the difference in the lateral organization of hydrocarbon chains in these two phases. Measures of dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed to confirm the formation of the unilamellar vesicles by extrusion of lipid suspension containing multilamellar vesicles, and the technique of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to verify if the low concentration of fluorescent probes in lipid vesicles affect its packing. From the results, we found that the behavior of the three different fluorescent probes differ in both phases of phospholipid bilayers, revealing their structural and dynamic properties, mainly because to specific locations of the fluorophores. We verify that, due to the affinity for the hydrophobic region, the motion of the DPH is restricted to the \"wobbling\" motion, limited by hydrocarbon chains. For the NBD labeled in lipids, the motion of the fluorescent analogues as a whole depends on the location of the fluorophore and on the lipid conformation in both phases of lipid bilayers. Because of the location of the fluorescent group of the probe Ahba in the interface of lipid bilayers, we found that its rotational motion increases as the bilayers becomes more fluid, showing a dependency of the motion with the microviscosity of these bilayers.
Mendanha, Neto Sebastião Antônio. "Interações de terpenos com membranas de eritrócito, fibroblasto, estrato córneo e membrana modelo e interações de uma nanopartícula de ouro com membranas modelo". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3993.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The interactions of terpenes with membranes of erythrocyte, fibroblasts, stratum corneum and the model membranes of 1,2-dipalmitoylsn -glycero-3-phosphocholine were investigated by using the the electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopic of lipophilic probes. It has been shown that when added at high concentrations to systems having a high lipid/solvent ratio, terpenes such as 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, (+)-limonene and nerolidol are able to self-stabilize in molecular aggregates which can extract the bilayers lipids. Studies on the hemolytic and cytotoxic potential of various terpenes showed that cell damage caused by these molecules are concentration dependent and that among the studied terpenes, nerolidol and α-terpineol are the most hemolytic and cytotoxic, while (+)-limonene and 1,8-cineole are the least hemolytic and cytotoxic. However, the low correlation between these two tests indicates that the processes involved in each case are not completely dependent. It was also shown that once embedded in the membrane, terpenes increase the fluidity of lipid bilayers and decrease the temperature of the main phase transition. Differences between increased fluidity promoted by sesquiterpene nerolidol and all monoterpenes studied were observed. Meanwhile, in a comparison of the effect of the monoterpenes studied, no significant differences in their ability to increase membrane fluidity were detected. Furthermore, it was demonstrated by using confocal and atomic force microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy that the 1,2-distearoylsn -glycero-3-(Aurora nanoparticles) is better incorporated in lipid membranes under fluid phase and that the addition of 0.1% of these conjugated nanoparticles do not produces large variations in membrane fluidity and no causes substantial morphological changes of lipid bilayers.
As intera¸c˜oes de terpenos com membranas de eritr´ocito, fibroblastos, estrato c´orneo e membrana modelo composta de 1,2-dipalmitoil-sn -glicero-3-fosfocolina foram investigadas por meio das espectroscopias de ressonˆancia paramagn´etica eletrˆ onica e de fluorescˆencia por meio do uso de sondas lipof´ılicas. Foi poss´ıvel demonstrar que quando adicionados em altas concentra¸c˜oes `a sistemas que possuem uma alta rela¸c˜ao lip´ıdio/solvente, terpenos como o 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, (+)-limoneno e nerolidol s˜ao capazes de se estabilizar em agregados moleculares capazes de extrair os lip´ıdios das bicamadas. Estudos sobre o potencial hemol´ıtico e citot´oxico de v´arios terpenos demostraram que os danos celulares causados por estas mol´eculas s˜ao dependentes da concentra¸c˜ao e que dentre os terpenos estudados, nerolidol e terpineol s˜ao os mais hemol´ıticos e citot´oxicos enquanto limoneno e cineol s˜ao os menos hemol´ıticos e citot´oxicos. Entretanto, a baixa correla¸c˜ao entre estes dois testes indica que os processos envolvidos em cada caso n˜ao s˜ao totalmente dependentes. Ficou demonstrado ainda que uma vez incorporados nas membranas, os terpenos aumentam a fluidez das bicamadas lip´ıdicas e diminuem a temperatura de sua transi¸c˜ao de fase principal. Diferen¸cas entre o aumento de fluidez promovido pelo sesquiterpeno nerolidol e por todos os monoterpenos estudados foram verificadas. Contudo, uma compara¸c˜ao entre o efeito dos monoterpenos estudados, n˜ao aponta para diferen¸cas significativas entre suas capacidades de aumento de fluidez. Al´em disso, foi demostrado atrav´es das microscopias confocal e de for¸ca atˆomica e da espectroscopia de fluorescˆencia que a 1,2-distearoil-sn -glicero-3-(Nanopart´ıculas Aurora) ´e melhor incorporada em membranas lip´ıdicas em fase fluida e que a adi¸c˜ao de 0,1% destas nanopart´ıculas conjugadas n˜ao produz grandes varia¸c˜oes na fluidez e n˜ao provoca mudan¸cas morfol´ogicas substanciais das bicamadas lip´ıdicas.
Ruffiot, Pauline. "Développement de systèmes membranaires modèles pour la vacuole parasitophore de Toxoplasma gondii : intéractions des protéines de granules denses (protéines GRA) avec des vésicules unilamellaires". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10104.
Pełny tekst źródłaGRA proteins are secreted by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii into the parasitophorous vacuole, where most of them interact with two systems of tubular membranes: the Host Organelle Sequestering Tubules (HaSTs) and the Membrane Nanotubules Network (RNM). Although most of the GRA proteins contain potential transmembrane domains, they are secreted as soluble forms and become membrane-associated only when they reach their target membranes. This unusual property led to consider them as attractive models of protein-membrane interactions. 1 developed two experimental approaches to study the interactions of GRA proteins, extracted trom the parasite or trom the vacuole, with model membranes. Firstly, biochemical approaches using Small Unilamellar Vesic1es (SUVs) led to characterize the solubilisation forms of GRA proteins and their association with SUVs membranes. Secondly, 1 developed a Giant Unilamellar Vesic1es (GUVs) model to study the interactions of GRA proteins with membranes by fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The results provide elements 1) which help to decipher the traffic of GRA proteins within the parasite and the PV, and 2) which open the way to set up an in vitro minimal system to study the building up of the parasitophorous vacuole and of its associated tubular membranes
Weber, Georges. "Modifications photo-induites de membranes modèles". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753869.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrélot, Aurélie. "Influence du matériau membranaire et de la configuration du module sur la maîtrise du colmatage en bioréacteur à membranes immergées". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20026.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo treat wastewater, membrane bioreactors guarantee an advanced effluent quality which can be reused. However, control of membrane fouling, which requires relative high energetic costs, remains a limiting phenomenon to generalise the use of these systems. The scientific issue resides in the identification of the processes inducing a decrease of the membrane permeability in order to optimise the filtration step. This study, performed within the framework of the European project AMEDEUS, deals with this set of problems. It points out the interactions of the membrane material with the mixed liquor and performs an analyse of the control of the biomass accumulation into the filtration module. Three different membrane technologies were successively tested on a lab and pilot scale: the A3 flat sheet membrane, the Polymem hollow fibres and the Inge Fibre Sheet membrane. Fouling and cleaning tests were developed on a lab-scale to study the impact of membrane material on irreversible fouling (not removable by physical ways). In parallel, pilot tests were performed to improve reversible fouling control. A characterisation and analysis of the membranes tested on a pilot-scale were finally carried out to identify the soluble compounds accumulated on the membrane surface. The results show: - Different type of irreversible fouling according to the membrane materials; - The importance of the filtration system design to guarantee a good control of reversible fouling; - A possible optimisation of the hydraulic parameters to guarantee a reliable operation while reducing the membrane aeration rate; - An important impact of the mixed liquor characteristics (foam, soluble fractions and concentration) on fouling behaviour
Lales, Charles. "Modélisation gros grains et simulation multi-agents - Application à la membrane interne mitochondriale". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452853.
Pełny tekst źródłaMokrani, Touhami. "The development of inorganic and organic/inorganic membranes for DMFC application". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerfilov, Viacheslav. "Modèles mathématiques des procédés de séparation membranaire". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG037/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work have been developed general predictive models for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) as well as a hydrodynamic model for anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) equipped with the induced membrane vibration (MMV) system. The DCMD and SGMD models allow simulating hollow fibre and flat sheet configurations under wide range of process conditions without empirical mass and heat transfer coefficients or laboratory experiments. The models have been validated with experimental and literature data. Indeed, the influence of operating conditions and membrane geometric characteristics on the process performance has been investigated. The model for AnMBRs with MMV studies the effect of the membrane vibration on the hydrodynamics of the AnMBR tank. The parametric study allows knowing, the effects of the vibration frequency and amplitude on the fluid velocity and volume fraction of solids. The conducted studies prove that all the proposed models would be potentially applied for the pre-experimental study, optimization of process conditions, design of membrane modules as well as for the further cost estimation of the processes
Louhaichi, Mohamed Radhouan. "Synthèse et caractérisation de membranes modèles en polyamide formées par polycondensation interfaciale : Etude du transfert de matières à travers la membrane". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13020.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeveral polyamide model membranes are synthesized by interfacial polycondensation in order to better understanding the formation mechanisms of the membrane. Four processes are developed in order to obtain several kinds of membranesThin films: the granular structure of these films is observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) in order to determinate the mechanism of polyamide precipitation Thick films: the study of these films has determinated the alveolar structure of these membranes. The permeability of these films is determinated in order to correlate their characteristics with their proprieties Millicapsules: these capsules are easier handling (diameter between 1 and 5 mm). They are synthesized with or without surfactant Complexing millicapsules: these capsules contain a polyacrylic acid gel as extractant agent were synthesized by combining two techniques of polymerization: The polycondensation interfacial to synthesis the membrane of millicapsules and the radical polymerization of the millicapsules core acrylic acid to obtain an encapsulated polyacrylic acid gel. These capsules are used a model for complexing microcapsules (diameter between 1 and 20 mm) serving for the extraction of various metal cations. In this study, we have determinated the influence of several parameters on the formation mechanism's of all these membranes, on their characteristics, on their microscopic and macroscopic structures and on their permeability, such as the surfactant's nature and concentration, the monomer's concentration, the percentage of crosslink, the acceptor acid's nature, the pH of the aqueous phase, the agitation's nature and rate, the temperature, etc
Gehan, Pauline. "Étude des mécanismes de translocation du peptide vecteur Pénétratine sur membranes modèles formées à l’interface de gouttes". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2021SORUS001.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCell-penetrating peptides can cross cell membranes and deliver biologically active molecules into cells with a limited cytotoxycity. They are internalized by endocytic pathways as well as by direct translocation. Although interaction partners of the plasma membrane have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of the direct translocation pathway remain hypothetical and the key structures of these mechanisms are not clearly identified. We studied the translocation of the cell-penetrating peptide Penetratin on membrane models formed at the droplets interface. Our experiments demonstrated a stochastic and cooperative character of the translocation process. The presence of anionic lipids is crucial for the recruitment of the peptide and its translocation. However, the nature of the anionic polar head group of lipids dictates the favourability of the bilayer crossing. Indeed, translocation was observed on POPG bilayers but not on POPS bilayers. Experiments on asymmetric bilayers showed that the composition of the distal leaflet is decisive for the translocation. Investigation on the membrane potential in the presence of Penetratin was studied in order to obtain insights into the bilayer destabilisation. Finally, a last approach consists in developing a microfluidic chip to obtain a high-performance platform for the study of cell-penetrating peptides
Létourneau, Danny. "Anesthésiques généraux et membranes biologiques : analyse de la distribution de l'halothane dans deux modèles : la membrane pourpre et les vésicules de phospholipides". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1197/1/030151381.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBalster, Jörg Henning. "Membrane module and process development for monopolar and bipolar membrane electrodialysis". Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57595.
Pełny tekst źródłaTahiri, Najim. "Simulation de Globules Rouges modèles, et analyse analytique de modèles de suspensions très concentrées". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023517.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeuvingh, Julien. "Hémifusion de vésicules géantes : caractérisation d'un état intermédiaire vers la fusion, en présence de forces spécifiques". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112191.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe studied the interaction between two giant vesicles to model membrane fusion, a biological process involved in viral infection and in intra- and extra-cellular communication. Fusion in the cell is induced by the action of fusogenic proteins which bring closer two opposing membranes to a short intermembrane distance. In our system, the bringing together of the membranes is induced by a specific attraction between functionalized lipids carrying adenine or thymine nucleotides on their head. We numerically estimated the equilibrium distance between two membranes, which decreases from 2. 6 nm without specific forces to 1. 4 nm when specific forces are present. Two vesicles are micromanipulated in order to place them into contact. A partial mixing of the lipids and an independence of the inner mediums are observed by fluorescence microscopy. The partial mixing of the lipids is quantified; it corresponds to a complete mixing of the external monolayers with an independence of the internal monolayers. These observations are characteristic of an intermediate state towards fusion: hemifusion. The kinetics of redistribution of the lipids between the two vesicles is measured; it is independent of the proportion of functionalized lipids, but agrees well in most cases with a model of diffusion on a "peanut". This agreement is consistent with the presence of at least a few stalks at the interface between the vesicles. Some full-fusion events are sometimes observed, which open up new prospects for obtaining reproducible full-fusion in our system
Meyer, Faiek. "Hydrogen selective properties of cesium-hydrogensulphate membranes". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5047_1233727545.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the past 40 years, research pertaining to membrane technology has lead to the development of a wide range of applications including beverage production, water purification and the separation of dairy products. For the separation of gases, membrane technology is not as widely applied since the production of suitable gas separation membranes is far more challenging than the production of membranes for eg. water purification. Hydrogen is currently produced by recovery technologies incorporated in various chemical processes. Hydrogen is mainly sourced from fossil fuels via steam reformation and coal gasification. Special attention will be given to Underground Coal Gasification since it may be of great importance for the future of South Africa. The main aim of this study was to develop low temperature CsHSO4/SiO2 composite membranes that show significant Idea selectivity towards H2:CO2 and H2:CH4.
Luo, Hongze. "Polymer/nano-organic composite proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cell application". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Pełny tekst źródłaEineljung, Lars. "Modell av det basilära membranet". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3370.
Pełny tekst źródłaSyftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det är möjligt att bygga en modell över innerörat med dess basilära membran. Om detta skulle visa sig vara möjligt, är nästa frågeställning hur en sådan modell skulle kunna fungera pedagogiskt och uppfattas av elever.
Modellen som arbetet lett fram till är konstruerad som en låda, gjord av plexiglas, vilken skall motsvara en utrullad hörselsnäcka. Som membran har en uppsättning gummiband använts. Vidare aktiveras modellen med hjälp av en högtalare som får motsvara örats trumhinna. Det har visat sig att modellens membran beter sig på ett sätt som liknar det basilära membranet i hörselsnäckan. De vibrationer som bildas på modellens membran förflyttar sig, beroende på inkommande frekvens. Detta förlopp sker även på det basilära membranet.
Modellen har testats på en niondeklass som har fått utföra laborationer med hjälp av modellen. Eleverna har observerats under arbetet och har efter laborationen fått skriva en utvärdering, i form av en laborationsrapport och en enkätundersökning. Observation och utvärdering visar att modellen har ett pedagogiskt värde, men att det krävs förkunskaper inom området för att laborationen med modellen skall bli ett givande medel för inlärning.