Gotowa bibliografia na temat „METAMATERIA”

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Facing the growing challenges of energy, environment, security and disease treatment, the demand for novel materials are growing. While the material centric approach have resulted in development of new materials for advanced applications, we introduce a geometric approach as a complementary point of view for further innovation in this ever expanding and growing field. Inspired by the ubiquitous fractals-like geometry of in natures, the scale transformation (i.e. dilation or contraction) is included in the framework since fractal geometries shows structures at all scales (usually discrete and finite in physical world). We developed our framework using metamaterials since it enable us to design "atoms" or "molecules" and their relative arrangement with greater freedom (i.e. not limited by the chemical bond or ionic bond in classical materials system). We studied metamaterials using prefractals from both exact-self similar fractal and random fractal samples. For exact-self similar fractals, we choose H tree based prefractals and Hilbert Curve prefractals bounded system given their unique geometric properties and wide applications. Guided by the framework, we investigated several key parameters (e.g. level of iteration, geometric anisotropy, impedance contrast, arrangement of subunit, resolution) that would dictate the dispersion behavior of the system. It was found that for exact-self similar prefractals, multiple spectrum bandgaps (i.e. broadband response) can be achieved with increased level of iterations where translation symmetry is imposed through boundary condition. Furthermore, the transition from scale dependence and independent described by the general framework has been observed for all the samples we studied. Furthermore, for single prefractal resonator, subwavelength (~1/75[lambda]) behavior has been observed and explained using a simple analytical model. For metamaterials based on fractional Brownian motion, the Hurst constant is found to be a good indicator of phononic behavior of the system, besides other parameters studied. Our findings does not only expand the repertoire for novel materials by introducing the ubiquitous yet unconventional geometry to metamaterials; but also have interdisciplinary applications in biology, seismology, arts, hence shine lights on our understanding of nature.<br>by Sisi (Sophie) Ni.<br>Ph. D.

Este trabalho apresenta um novo formalismo bi-dimensional em diferenças finitas no domínio do tempo (2D-FDTD) para a simulação de estruturas baseadas em metamateriais. A natureza dispersiva destes meios é levada em consideração de forma precisa pela inclusão dos modelos materiais de Drude para os tensores permissividade elétrica e permeabilidade magnética. Todos os elementos dos tensores são considerados neste formalismo, o que o torna muito atraente para a modelagem de uma classe geral de estruturas eletromagnéticas. Dois efeitos de enorme impacto são analisados em detalhes, sendo eles a cobertura de invisibilidade e o rotacionamento de campo. Ambos os efeitos requerem a utilização de técnicas de transformação de coordenadas a qual deve ser aplicada apenas na região onde os campos eletromagnéticos precisam ser manipulados, tirando vantagem da invariância das equações de Maxwell quanto a estas operações. Esta técnica redefine localmente os parâmetros de permissividade e permeabilidade do meio transformado. O formalismo implementado apresentou grande estabilidade e precisão, uma conseqüência direta da natureza dispersiva dos modelos materiais de Drude, o que o caracteriza como uma boa contribuição para uma completa compreensão da fenomenologia por trás destes efeitos fascinantes. Os resultados numéricos apresentaram boa concordância com os disponíveis na literatura. Foi também observado que ambas estruturas são muito sensíveis a variações de freqüência do campo de excitação.<br>This work introduces an extended two-dimensional finite difference time domain method (2D-FDTD) for the simulation of metamaterial based structures. The dispersive nature of these media is accurately taken into account through the inclusion of the Drude material models for the permittivity and permeability tensors. All tensor elements are properly accounted for, making the formalism quite attractive for the modeling of a general class of electromagnetic structures. Two striking effects are investigated with the proposed model, namely, the invisibility cloaking and the field rotation effects. Both effects require the utilization of a coordinate transformation technique which must be applied only in the region where the electromagnetic field needs to be manipulated, taking advantage of the invariance of Maxwell\'s equations with respect to these operations. This technique locally redefines the permittivity and permeability parameters of the transformed media. The implemented formalism has proved to be quite stable and accurate, a direct consequence of the dispersive nature of the Drude material model, which characterizes it as a good contribution to fully understand the phenomenology behind these fascinating effects. The numerical results are in good agreement with those available in the literature. It was also verified that both structures are very sensitive to frequency variations of the excitation field.

This thesis deals with microstrip antennas covered by the metamaterials. First, are described planar antennas, their problems and the emergence of surface waves. Surface waves can cause unwanted coupling among particular parts of the structure and can degrade its parameters. The problem can be solved using an electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG). These periodic structures are able to suppress surface waves in different frequency bands. It is shown how the EBG structure in the function superstate improve directivity and antenna gain. Radiation conventional microstrip antenna with metallo-dielectric EBG superstrate and with the purely dielectric double-layer superstrate is described. The both structures are designed and simulated in CST Microwave Studio program. Further is described the antenna radiation with so-called mushroom structure and metallo-dielectric EBG superstate. The structure is again designed and simulated in CST MWS program. Finally, there are two structures with metallo-dielectric superstate implemented and measured.

Orientador: Hugo E. Hernandez Figueroa<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T23:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sartori_EduardoJose_D.pdf: 11903812 bytes, checksum: 6e06f001155d33b841c61ae93464c897 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Metamateriais são estruturas ou arranjos geométricos feitos a partir de materiais comuns, dielétricos, condutores, magnéticos ou por combinação destes. Os metamateriais caracterizam-se principalmente por apresentarem propriedades especiais de permissividade ( e) e permeabilidade ( µ) não encontradas nos materiais em estado natural, cujo principal efeito é o índice negativo de refração (n < 0). Essas características permitem seu emprego em diversos tipos de aplicações em eletromagnetismo e óptica, tais como filtros passa-faixa e rejeita-faixa, espelhos dielétricos, super lentes etc. Normalmente, o equacionamento envolvido no cálculo de parâmetros dos metamateriais são complexos e, na maioria das vezes, necessitam de apoio computacional. Por este motivo, o presente trabalho traz um estudo experimental sobre dois tipos de comportamento metamaterial, o de permissividade quase-zero e negativa, analisando seu desempenho sob vários aspectos geométricos e de características dos materiais envolvidos, além de propor uma metodologia de desenvolvimento, a qual possibilita um rápido dimensionamento de diversos tipos de grades metamateriais, baseada em cálculos simples ou consulta direta a tabelas e curvas de projeto.<br>Abstract: Metamaterials are structures or geometric arrangements made from common materials, dielectrics, conductors, magnetic or a combination of these. Metamaterials are characterized mainly because of their special characteristics of permittivity ( e) and permeability ( µ), not found in the materials at natural state, whose main effect is the negative index of refraction (n <0). These characteristics allow its use in several types of applications in electromagnetism and optics, such as band-pass and band-stop filters, dielectric mirrors, super lenses etc.. Typically, the equations involved in the calculation of parameters of metamaterials are complex and, in most cases, require high capability computational methods. For this reason, this work presents an experimental study on two types of metamaterial behavior, near-zero and negative permittivity, examining its performance in several geometric aspects and characteristics of the materials involved, and propose a development methodology, which allows a fast scaling of various types of metamaterials grids, based on simple calculations or direct consultation tables and curves design.<br>Doutorado<br>Telecomunicações e Telemática<br>Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>In the past decade interest in metamaterials has risen dramatically. This is due, in large part, to metamaterials' ability to exhibit electromagnetic behavior not normally found in nature. This is because these artificial structures display a strong electromagnetic response as a result of their geometry, as opposed to their chemistry, and that response typically dominates that of the substrate they are placed on. As a result, metamaterials can couple free space radiation in previously unheard of ways, and in this thesis I examine several of these coupling mechanisms. After an appropriate discussion of theoretical and experimental tools required for metamaterial study, the thesis turns to the metamaterial substrate and explores the coupling effects of the metamaterial and the substrate itself. We discuss the theory and experimentally demonstrate that the metamaterial and substrate composite can couple free space radiation for use in enhanced dielectric sensing, perfect absorption, and even mechanical deflection for electromagnetic detection. In addition to coupling with dielectric materials, the near field response of a metamaterial can also couple with another metamaterial. Subsequently, this thesis investigates the coupling between a pair of identical split ring resonators, and develops a general framework for evaluating the mode hybridization that results from their near field interaction. In fact, we find that the near field coupling is extremely sensitive to the relative orientation of the two metamaterials, and results in mode splitting between the two resonators. By manipulating their lateral displacement, the coupling, and the mode splitting, can be altered. In this way, an unprecedented modulation of the metamaterial response is demonstrated. Finally, we turn our attention to the effects that metamaterial behavior has on the far field response. Specifically, we focus on the symmetry, or lack thereof, of the unit cell and show that it manifests itself as a birefringence in the far field. As a result, metamaterials can be used as wave retarders to couple between polarization states. Herein we analyze this behavior and experimentally demonstrate functioning metamaterial based terahertz waveplates that are highly efficient at a previously unachieved sub wavelength size.<br>2031-01-01

A model-supporting, simple, compact, robust and high efficiency two- element parasitic superdirective array comprising electrically small reso- nant metamaterial elements, namely singly split resonator rings (SSRRs), is predicted by an analytical model and is verified by CST simulation re- sults. The analytical model is built by combining a method of calculating a two-SSRR array's far fild radiated energy density and a well working equivalent circuit for a two-SSRR parasitic array. This model is capable of easily but accurately predicting the far field radiation behaviours of an electrically small parasitic array of two SSRRs (the two SSRRs are not necessarily standard and identical), based on certain information of the array, namely the SSRRs' dimensions, the SSRRs' electrical components (L, C and R), the SSRRs' rotating orientation angles (&alpha;₁ and &alpha;₂), the two SSRRs's separation (d) and the array's operation frequency. The impor- tance of this analytical model in designing parasitic superdirective arrays is discussed. Simulation results show that the model predicted two-SSRR parasitic superdirective structure (the `CC' structure) can achieve an end- fire directivity of 4.36, with an elements' separation d = 4mm working at 1:914GHz, and can maintain an efficiencyciency as high as 98:6%. After a short discussion of the design principle behind the `CC' structure, improved su- perdirective structures of are identified and studied based on simulation results. Among these structures, the 'CCLr' structure can achieve the largest directivity value of 5.06 (very close to 5.25, the theoretical limit value of a two-dipole array) with a moderate efficiency of 81:4%. A com- parison between these two-SSRR parasitic superdirective structures (the `CC' and its improved versions) and two commercial two-element Yagi an- tennas show that these two-SSRR structures achieve better directive per- formances than the commercial two-element Yagi antennas do. Through performing the study of near field energy ow for magnetic dipole based structures (analytical results) and SSRR based structures (simulation re- sults), with the help of the concept of causal surfaces, the physical reason behind the superdirectivity phenomenon is revealed.

Developments in nanotechnology and material science have produced optical materials with astonishing properties. Theory and experimentation have demonstrated that, among other properties, the law of refraction is reversed at an interface between a naturally occurring material and these so-called metamaterials. As the technology advances metamaterials have the potential to vastly impact the field of optical science.In this study we provide a foundation for future work in the area of geometric optics and lens design with metamaterials. The concept of negative refraction is extended to derive a comprehensive set of first-order imaging principles as well as an exhaustive aberration theory to 4th order. Results demonstrate congruence with the classical theory; however, negative refraction introduces a host of novel properties. In terms of aberration theory, metamaterials present the lens designer with increased flexibility. A singlet can be bent to produce either positive or negative spherical aberration (regardless of its focal length), its contribution to coma can become independent of its conjugate factor, and its field curvature takes on the opposite sign of its focal power. This is shown to be advantageous in some designs such as a finite conjugate relay lens; however, in a wider field of view landscape lens we demonstrate a metamaterial's aberration properties may be detrimental.This study presents the first comprehensive investigation of metamaterial lenses using industry standard lens design software. A formal design study evaluates the performance of doublet and triplet lenses operating at F/5 with a 100 mm focal length, a 20° half field of view, and specific geometric constraints. Computer aided optimization and performance evaluation provide experimental controls to remove designer-induced bias from the results. Positive-index lenses provide benchmarks for comparison to metamaterial systems subjected to identical design constraints. We find that idiosyncrasies in a metamaterial lens' aberration content can be exploited to produce imaging systems that are superior to their conventional counterparts. However, in some circumstances the reduced low-order aberration content in a metamaterial lens reduces the effectiveness of aberration balancing and stop shifting. Through a series of design experiments the relative advantages and challenges of using metamaterials in lens design are revealed.

This dissertation is focused on the design, fabrication, and characterization of novel metamaterials in microwave and terahertz regions with the following outcomes: A planar &micro<br>-negative metamaterial structure, called double-sided SRR (DSRR), is proposed in the first part of this study. DSRR combines the features of a conventional split ring resonator (SRR) and a broadside-coupled SRR (BC-SRR) to obtain much better miniaturization at microwave frequencies for a given physical cell size. In addition to DSRR, double-sided multiple SRR (DMSRR), double-sided spiral resonator (DSR), and double-sided U-spiral resonator (DUSR) have been shown to provide smaller electrical sizes than their single-sided versions under magnetic excitation. In the second part of this dissertation, a novel multi-band tunable metamaterial topology, called micro-split SRR (MSSRR), is proposed. In addition to that, a novel magnetic resonator structure named single loop resonator (SLR) is suggested to provide two separate magnetic resonance frequencies in addition to an electric resonance in microwave region. In the third part, two different frequency tunable metamaterial topologies called BC-SRR and gap-to-gap SRR are designed, fabricated and characterized at terahertz frequencies with electrical excitation for the first time. In those designs, frequency tuning based on variations in near field coupling is obtained by in-plane horizontal or vertical displacements of the two SRR layers. The values of frequency shifts obtained for these tunable metamaterial structures are reported to be the highest values obtained in literature so far. Finally, in the last part of this dissertation, novel double-sided metamaterial based sensor topologies are suggested and their feasibility studies are presented.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The objective of this thesis is to investigate a new design of periodic metamaterial (MTM) structure for radar cross-section (RCS) reduction application on aircraft and ships. MTMs are man-made materials, not found in nature, that exhibit unusual properties in the radio-, electromagnetic-, and optical-wave bands. The cells of these periodic MTM structures must be much smaller than the wavelength of the frequency of interest. In a MTM, the structure and dimensions of the design at the frequency of interest can produce negative values of permeability and/or permittivity, which define the electrical properties of the MTM. This study looks at various designs of absorbing layers presented in technical papers and verifies the results in simulations. Modifications are done to the existing designs to achieve good absorption level at the radar-frequency band of interest. Modeling and simulation are done in Microwave Studio by Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The S-parameters S11 (reflection coefficient) and S12 (transmission coefficient) are used to investigate the performance of the MTM as a radar-frequency absorber.