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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Methane South Australia”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 29 stycznia 2023

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1

Loh, Z. M., R. M. Law, K. D. Haynes, P. B. Krummel, L. P. Steele, P. J. Fraser, S. Chambers, and A. Williams. "Simulations of atmospheric methane for Cape Grim, Tasmania, to constrain South East Australian methane emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 15 (August 19, 2014): 21189–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-21189-2014.

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Abstract. This study uses two climate models and six scenarios of prescribed methane emissions to compare modelled and observed atmospheric methane between 1994 and 2007, for Cape Grim, Australia (40.7° S, 144.7° E). The model simulations follow the TransCom-CH4 protocol and use the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) and the CSIRO Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM). Radon is also simulated and used to reduce the impact of transport differences between the models and observations. Comparisons are made for air samples that have traversed the Australian contine

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Boon, Paul I., Kerri L. Muller, and George G. Ganf. "Methane emissions from diverse wetlands in south-eastern Australia." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 3 (November 2000): 1382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11901462.

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Bai, M., S. Muir, D. Rowell, J. Hill, D. Chen, T. Naylor, F. Phillips, T. Denmead, D. Griffiths, and R. Edis. "Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from a beef feedlot system in south-east Australia during summer conditions." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028593.

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Feedlot management systems for beef cattle are becoming a more common practice in Australia reflecting opportunities to ensure quality of product whilst maintaining cost efficiencies within production. However, feedlot systems have been identified as point sources of greenhouse gases emissions (GGE: methane, nitrous oxide and the indirect greenhouse gas ammonia). It has been estimated that feedlot systems contribute 3.5% of total direct methane emissions (Alford et al. 2006), and 30% of total emissions from livestock wastes. Furthermore, approximately 1% of total N2O emissions from agriculture

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Dighton, P. F. "COAL SEAM METHANE—MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF BUYERS, FINANCIERS AND REGULATORS." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99053.

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Significant work is taking place in Queensland and New South Wales to make the recovery of natural gas from coal seams (Coal Seam Methane) a viable industry. At this stage there are still some daunting hurdles to overcome. Australian buyers and financiers remain sceptical on resource risk and continuity of supply issues. In the USA commercial production has been taking place for 20 years, but the industry was only able to achieve credibility and viability by relying on tax breaks. Unfortunately, the same type of government incentives are not present in Australia. Whether, in the absence of the

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Wakelin-King, Gordon. "Highlights and trends in exploration 2009." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09008.

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2009 saw an overall decrease from high activity from 2008, levelling off in the December quarter as the economy stabilised. Unsurprisingly, most activity was in offshore Western Australia and on coal seam methane (CSM) in Queensland. Highlights include: good results in the Carnarvon and Browse basins for Western Australian operators, interest in Karoon and Conoco-Phillips’ enigmatic Poseidon project, over 180 CSM exploration wells in Queenslandd, and a relatively busy year for Tasmania. Western Australian seismic acquisition approached 10,000 km of 2D and 25,000 km2 of 3D for 38* wells and suc

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Boon, P. I., and K. Lee. "Methane oxidation in sediments of a floodplain wetland in south‐eastern Australia." Letters in Applied Microbiology 25, no. 2 (August 1997): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.1997.00189.x.

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Muller, KL, GG Ganf, and PI Boon. "Methane flux from beds of Baumea arthrophylla (Nees) Boeckeler and Triglochin procerum R. Br. at Bool Lagoon, South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 8 (1994): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9941543.

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The flux of methane from freshwater wetlands is likely to be influenced by the presence of emergent macrophytes. The plants generate an organic loading, which should increase methanogenesis, yet they also aerate the sediment, creating oxic zones inimical to the obligately anaerobic methanogenic bacteria and promoting the oxidation of methane by methanotrophic bacteria. Moreover, emergent plants can act as a conduit for methane to be vented to the atmosphere. Depth profiles of oxygen in beds of B. arthrophylla and T. procerum at Bool Lagoon, South Australia, showed that water at the sediment su

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Ngo, Phuong Linh. "THE METHANE UPTAKE CAPACITY OF SOIL GARDEN." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 4C (March 24, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/4c/12140.

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Aerobic CH4 oxidation through methanotrophic bacteria is the only terrestrial sink and the only sink that can be altered directly or indirectly by human so far. However, the capacity of this sink is highly variable in different ecosystems depending on four key factors which are soil diffusivity, soil temperature, soil nitrogen status and soil moisture. While many studies in Australia experience the significant inverse correlation between soil moisture and CH4 flux magnitude in temperate forests in Victoria and New South Wales, there is a lack of research about the methane uptake capacity of ga

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9

Akumu, Clement E., Sumith Pathirana, Serwan Baban, and Daniel Bucher. "Modeling Methane Emission from Wetlands in North-Eastern New South Wales, Australia Using Landsat ETM+." Remote Sensing 2, no. 5 (May 17, 2010): 1378–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2051378.

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Kondo, Yutaka, Nobuyuki Takegawa, Yuzo Miyazaki, Malcolm Ko, Makoto Koike, Kazuyuki Kita, Shuji Kawakami, et al. "Effects of biomass burning and lightning on atmospheric chemistry over Australia and South-east Asia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 12, no. 4 (2003): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf03014.

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In situ aircraft measurements of trace gases and aerosols were made in the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) over Indonesia and Australia during the Biomass Burning and Lightning Experiment (BIBLE)-A and B conducted in August–October 1998 and 1999.Concentrations of ozone (O3) and its precursors [CO, reactive nitrogen (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs)] were measured in these campaigns to identify the sources of NOx and to estimate the effects of biomass burning and lightning on photochemical production of O3. Over Indonesia, in-situ production of NOx by lightning was found to

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Sturm, K., Z. Yuan, B. Gibbes, U. Werner, and A. Grinham. "Methane and nitrous oxide sources and emissions in a subtropical freshwater reservoir, South East Queensland, Australia." Biogeosciences 11, no. 18 (September 30, 2014): 5245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5245-2014.

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Abstract. Reservoirs have been identified as an important source of non-carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases with wide ranging fluxes for reported methane (CH4); however, fluxes for nitrous oxide (N2O) are rarely quantified. This study investigates CH4 and N2O sources and emissions in a subtropical freshwater Gold Creek Reservoir, Australia, using a combination of water–air and sediment–water flux measurements and water column and pore water analyses. The reservoir was clearly a source of these gases as surface waters were supersaturated with CH4 and N2O. Atmospheric CH4 fluxes were dominated

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Sturm, K., Z. Yuan, B. Gibbes, and A. Grinham. "Methane and nitrous oxide sources and emissions in a subtropical freshwater reservoir, south east Queensland, Australia." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2013): 19485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-19485-2013.

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Abstract. Reservoirs have been identified as an important source of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, especially methane (CH4). This study investigates CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) sources and emissions in a subtropical freshwater reservoir Gold Creek Dam, Australia using a combination of water–atmosphere and sediment–water flux measurements, water column sampling and pore water analysis. The reservoir was clearly a net source as surface waters were supersaturated with CH4 and N2O. CH4 flux rates were one to two orders of magnitude higher than N2O rates when expressed as CO2 equivalents. Atmospheric CH

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13

Bai, Mei, Jianlei Sun, Kithsiri B. Dassanayake, Marcelo A. Benvenutti, Julian Hill, Owen T. Denmead, Thomas Flesch, and Deli Chen. "Non-interference measurement of CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions from cattle." Animal Production Science 56, no. 9 (2016): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14992.

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A technique combining open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with an inverse-dispersion model was used to quantify methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from an isolated cattle pen in south-eastern Australia. Twenty-eight Angus steers (1-year old, initial average liveweight 404 kg) were fed a 60% grain diet and kept in a pen (20 × 20 m) for 41 days. Gas concentrations were measured downwind of the pen using an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with a path length of 100 m, having a detection sensitivity of 2, 0.3 and 0.4 ppb for CH4, N2O and N

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14

Salmachi, Alireza, Mojtaba Rajabi, Carmine Wainman, Steven Mackie, Peter McCabe, Bronwyn Camac, and Christopher Clarkson. "History, Geology, In Situ Stress Pattern, Gas Content and Permeability of Coal Seam Gas Basins in Australia: A Review." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092651.

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Coal seam gas (CSG), also known as coalbed methane (CBM), is an important source of gas supply to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporting facilities in eastern Australia and to the Australian domestic market. In late 2018, Australia became the largest exporter of LNG in the world. 29% of the country’s LNG nameplate capacity is in three east coast facilities that are supplied primarily by coal seam gas. Six geological basins including Bowen, Sydney, Gunnedah, Surat, Cooper and Gloucester host the majority of CSG resources in Australia. The Bowen and Surat basins contain an estimated 40Tcf of

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15

Laing, S., C. N. Dee, and P. W. Best. "THE OTWAY BASIN." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88034.

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The Otway Basin covers an area of some 150 000 km2 both onshore and offshore southwestern Victoria and southeastern South Australia. Exploration within the basin is at a moderately mature stage by Australian standards (though immature by world standards), with a well density of one per 1500 km2, including offshore areas.Formation of the Otway Basin commenced in the late Jurassic with the initiation of rifting between Australia and Antarctica. As rifting continued, a number of depositional cycles occurred. Initial deposition comprised fluvio- lacustrine sediments, followed by marine transgressi

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Nara, Hideki, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yukihiro Nojiri, Hitoshi Mukai, Jiye Zeng, Yasunori Tohjima, and Toshinobu Machida. "CO emissions from biomass burning in South-east Asia in the 2006 El Niño year: shipboard and AIRS satellite observations." Environmental Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2011): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10113.

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Environmental contextAtmospheric carbon monoxide greatly affects the abundance of environmentally important gases, including methane, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and tropospheric ozone. We present evidence for episodes of CO pollution over the tropical Pacific Ocean resulting from intensive biomass burning in South-east Asia and Northern Australia during the 2006 El Niño year. We discuss the locations of the CO emissions and their long-range transport. AbstractBiomass burning is often associated with climate oscillations. For example, biomass burning in South-east Asia is strongly linked to El Ni

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Sturm, Katrin, Alistair Grinham, Ursula Werner, and Zhiguo Yuan. "Sources and sinks of methane and nitrous oxide in the subtropical Brisbane River estuary, South East Queensland, Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 168 (January 2016): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.11.002.

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Sebire, Tamara. "PESA 2010 production and development review." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10011.

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2010 was another busy year for Australian hydrocarbon production and development. Natural gas production was the standout performer with both domestic gas and LNG production increasing by about 5% compared to 2009. Domestic gas output was strong with significant growth in production from the Gippsland Basin, coal seam methane in the Surat-Bowen Basin, and the start-up of the Blacktip gas project in WA. Domestic gas output is set to reach record levels again next year and has strong growth prospects in the future with final investment decisions being taken on coal seam gas projects in Queenslan

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Zindler, C., A. Bracher, C. A. Marandino, B. Taylor, E. Torrecilla, A. Kock, and H. W. Bange. "Sulphur compounds, methane, and phytoplankton: interactions along a north-south transit in the western Pacific Ocean." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 10 (October 29, 2012): 15011–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-15011-2012.

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Abstract. Here we present results of the first comprehensive study of sulphur compounds and methane in the oligotrophic tropical West Pacific Ocean. The concentrations of dimethylsuphide (DMS), dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), and methane (CH4), as well as various phytoplankton marker pigments in the surface ocean were measured along a north-south transit from Japan to Australia in October 2009. DMS (0.9 nmol l−1), dissolved DMSP (DMSPd, 1.6 nmol l−1) and particulate DMSP (DMSPp, 2 nmol l−1) concentrations were generally low, while dissolved DMSO (DMSOd, 4.4 nmol

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Cronshaw, Ian, and R. Quentin Grafton. "A tale of two states: Development and regulation of coal bed methane extraction in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia." Resources Policy 50 (December 2016): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.10.007.

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Zindler, C., A. Bracher, C. A. Marandino, B. Taylor, E. Torrecilla, A. Kock, and H. W. Bange. "Sulphur compounds, methane, and phytoplankton: interactions along a north–south transit in the western Pacific Ocean." Biogeosciences 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2013): 3297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3297-2013.

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Abstract. Here we present results of the first comprehensive study of sulphur compounds and methane in the oligotrophic tropical western Pacific Ocean. The concentrations of dimethylsuphide (DMS), dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), and methane (CH4), as well as various phytoplankton marker pigments in the surface ocean were measured along a north–south transit from Japan to Australia in October 2009. DMS (0.9 nmol L−1), dissolved DMSP (DMSPd, 1.6 nmol L−1) and particulate DMSP (DMSPp, 2 nmol L−1) concentrations were generally low, while dissolved DMSO (DMSOd, 4.4 nm

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Fry, M. M., M. D. Schwarzkopf, Z. Adelman, and J. J. West. "Air quality and radiative forcing impacts of anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions from ten world regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 8 (August 13, 2013): 21125–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-21125-2013.

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Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) influence air quality and global climate change through their effects on secondary air pollutants and climate forcers. Here we simulate the air quality and radiative forcing (RF) impacts of changes in ozone, methane, and sulfate from halving anthropogenic NMVOC emissions globally and from 10 regions individually, using a global chemical transport model and a standalone radiative transfer model. Halving global NMVOC emissions decreases global annual average tropospheric methane and ozone by 36.6 ppbv and 3.3 Tg, respectively, and surface

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Paton-Walsh, Clare, Élise-Andrée Guérette, Dagmar Kubistin, Ruhi Humphries, Stephen R. Wilson, Doreena Dominick, Ian Galbally, et al. "The MUMBA campaign: measurements of urban, marine and biogenic air." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-349-2017.

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Abstract. The Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign took place in Wollongong, New South Wales (a small coastal city approximately 80 km south of Sydney, Australia) from 21 December 2012 to 15 February 2013. Like many Australian cities, Wollongong is surrounded by dense eucalyptus forest, so the urban airshed is heavily influenced by biogenic emissions. Instruments were deployed during MUMBA to measure the gaseous and aerosol composition of the atmosphere with the aim of providing a detailed characterisation of the complex environment of the ocean–forest–urban interfac

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Fry, M. M., M. D. Schwarzkopf, Z. Adelman, and J. J. West. "Air quality and radiative forcing impacts of anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions from ten world regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 2 (January 16, 2014): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-523-2014.

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Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) influence air quality and global climate change through their effects on secondary air pollutants and climate forcers. Here we simulate the air quality and radiative forcing (RF) impacts of changes in ozone, methane, and sulfate from halving anthropogenic NMVOC emissions globally and from 10 regions individually, using a global chemical transport model and a standalone radiative transfer model. Halving global NMVOC emissions decreases global annual average tropospheric methane and ozone by 36.6 ppbv and 3.3 Tg, respectively, and surface

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Blevin, J. E. "EXPLORATION HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2006." APPEA Journal 47, no. 2 (2007): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06056.

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Key business indicators show an upward trend in exploration activity in Australia during 2006. The year was marked by fluctuating high oil prices, a strong uptake of acreage in most basins, and increased levels of drilling activity and seismic acquisition. Market demand for product, production infrastructure and the fruition of several development projects have pushed the level of exploration activity in both offshore and onshore basins. Despite this trend and the spread of tenements, almost all petroleum discoveries made during 2006 were located within 15 km of existing (but often undeveloped

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McGahan, E. J., F. A. Phillips, S. G. Wiedemann, T. A. Naylor, B. Warren, C. M. Murphy, D. W. T. Griffith, and M. Desservettaz. "Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from an Australian piggery with short and long hydraulic retention-time effluent storage." Animal Production Science 56, no. 9 (2016): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15649.

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In the Australian pork industry, manure is the main source of greenhouse gases (GHG). In conventional production systems, effluent from sheds is transferred into open anaerobic ponds where the effluent is typically stored for many months, with the potential of generating large quantities of GHG. The present study measured methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from a conventional anaerobic effluent pond (control), a short hydraulic retention-time tank (short HRT, mitigation) and from the animal housing for a flushing piggery in south-eastern Queensland, over two 30-day

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Zhao, Y., Y. Z. Wang, Z. H. Xu, and L. Fu. "Impacts of prescribed burning on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a suburban native forest of south-eastern Queensland, Australia." Biogeosciences 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2015): 6279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6279-2015.

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Abstract. Prescribed burning is a forest management practice that is widely used in Australia to reduce the risk of damaging wildfires. Prescribed burning can affect both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in the forest and thereby influence the soil-atmosphere exchange of major greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). To quantify the impact of a prescribed burning (conducted on 27 May 2014) on greenhouse gas exchange and the potential controlling mechanisms, we carried out a series of field measurements before (August 2013) and after (August 2014 an

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Zhao, Y., Y. Z. Wang, Z. H. Xu, and L. Fu. "Impacts of prescribed burning on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a suburban native forest of south-eastern Queensland, Australia." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 13 (July 9, 2015): 10679–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-10679-2015.

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Abstract. Prescribed burning is a forest management practice that is widely used in Australia to reduce the risk of damaging wildfires. It can affect both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in the forest and thereby influence the soil–atmosphere exchange of major greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). To quantify the impact of a prescribed burning (conducted on 27 May 2014) on greenhouse gas exchange and the potential controlling mechanisms, we carried out a series of field measurements before (August 2013) and after (August 2014 and November 2014)

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Russo, V. M., J. L. Jacobs, M. C. Hannah, P. J. Moate, F. R. Dunshea, and B. J. Leury. "In vitro evaluation of the methane mitigation potential of a range of grape marc products." Animal Production Science 57, no. 7 (2017): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16495.

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Grape marc consists of the skins, seeds and stems remaining after grapes have been pressed to make wine. Interest in grape marc for use as a dietary feed additive for ruminants has grown after recent research showed that inclusion of grape marc in the diet of dairy cows reduced their enteric methane (CH4) emissions. In the present research, in vitro fermentations were conducted on 20 diverse grape marcs to evaluate their potential as ruminant feed supplements and, in particular, mitigants of enteric CH4 emissions. The grape marcs, which were sourced from vineyards in south-eastern Australia, c

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Dunlop, Mark, Zoran D. Ristovski, Erin Gallagher, Gavin Parcsi, Robin L. Modini, Victoria Agranovski, and Richard M. Stuetz. "Odour, dust and non-methane volatile organic-compound emissions from tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds: a case study of two farms." Animal Production Science 53, no. 12 (2013): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12343.

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An observational study was undertaken to measure odour and dust (PM10 and PM2.5) emission rates and identify non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and odorants in the exhaust air from two tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds that were configured with multi-tiered cages and manure belts. The study sites were located in south-eastern Queensland and the West Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Samples were collected in summer and winter on sequential days across the manure-belt cleaning cycle. Odour emissions ranged from 58 to 512 ou/s per 1000 birds (0.03–0.27 ou/s.kg) and dust e

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Gonzalez, Dennis, Sreekanth Janardhanan, Daniel E. Pagendam, and Daniel W. Gladish. "Probabilistic Groundwater Flow, Particle Tracking and Uncertainty Analysis for Environmental Receptor Vulnerability Assessment of a Coal Seam Gas Project." Water 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113177.

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The production of coalbed methane, or coal seam gas (CSG) in Australia increased 250-fold since the 1990s to around 1502 petajoules in 2019 and continues to expand. Groundwater flow in the aquifers intersected by gas wells could potentially facilitate a transport pathway for migration of contaminants or poorer quality water from deeper formations. While regulatory and mitigation mechanisms are put in place to minimize the risks, quantitative environmental impact assessments are also undertaken. When many gas wells are drilled in a wide area where many potential receptors are also spatially dis

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Henry, Beverley K., D. Butler, and S. G. Wiedemann. "A life cycle assessment approach to quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change for beef production in eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 3 (2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14112.

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In life cycle assessment studies, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from direct land-use change have been estimated to make a significant contribution to the global warming potential of agricultural products. However, these estimates have a high uncertainty due to the complexity of data requirements and difficulty in attribution of land-use change. This paper presents estimates of GHG emissions from direct land-use change from native woodland to grazing land for two beef production regions in eastern Australia, which were the subject of a multi-impact life cycle assessment study for premium beef

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Fest, Benedikt J., Nina Hinko-Najera, Tim Wardlaw, David W. T. Griffith, Stephen J. Livesley, and Stefan K. Arndt. "Soil methane oxidation in both dry and wet temperate eucalypt forests shows a near-identical relationship with soil air-filled porosity." Biogeosciences 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2017): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-467-2017.

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Abstract. Well-drained, aerated soils are important sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4) via the process of CH4 oxidation by methane-oxidising bacteria (MOB). This terrestrial CH4 sink may contribute towards climate change mitigation, but the impact of changing soil moisture and temperature regimes on CH4 uptake is not well understood in all ecosystems. Soils in temperate forest ecosystems are the greatest terrestrial CH4 sink globally. Under predicted climate change scenarios, temperate eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia are predicted to experience rapid and extreme changes in rainfal

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Caplehorn, John R. M., and Robert G. Batey. "Methadone Maintenance in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200314.

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The history of methadone treatment in Australia has been and continues to be marked by conflict between two competing aims: harm minimisation and abstinence. The two approaches tend to be associated with high dose-long term and low dose-short term treatment, respectively. Most programmes fail to provide adequate ancillary services, often to the detriment of patient outcome. Despite chronic under-funding, a relative lack of staff training and, in some states, the absence of a system of clinical accountability, Australian methadone services have grown significantly in the last decade. Factors in

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35

Hill, Michael, and Michael Armstrong. "COAL SEAM METHANE: THE FUTURE OF OPERATIONS IN NEW SOUTH WALES." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90029.

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The coal seams of the coal basins in New South Wales contain vast resources of methane. The gas has been of interest in the past, principally because the inflow of significant quantities into coal mine workings is a danger to mine safety and reduces production. Drainage techniques have been introduced into deeper collieries but they have not proved to be totally effective.Surface pre-drainage operations using hydraulic fracturing to stimulate gas production have been successful in the United States over recent years. The technique has yet to be successfully tested in New South Wales but if eff

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36

Yin, Y., F. Chevallier, P. Ciais, G. Broquet, A. Fortems-Cheiney, I. Pison, and M. Saunois. "Decadal trends in global CO emissions as seen by MOPITT." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 23 (December 7, 2015): 13433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13433-2015.

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Abstract. Negative trends of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations are observed in the recent decade by both surface measurements and satellite retrievals over many regions of the globe, but they are not well explained by current emission inventories. Here, we analyse the observed CO concentration decline with an atmospheric inversion that simultaneously optimizes the two main CO sources (surface emissions and atmospheric hydrocarbon oxidations) and the main CO sink (atmospheric hydroxyl radical OH oxidation). Satellite CO column retrievals from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPI

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37

Yin, Y., F. Chevallier, P. Ciais, G. Broquet, A. Fortems-Cheiney, I. Pison, and M. Saunois. "Decadal trends in global CO emissions as seen by MOPITT." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 10 (May 22, 2015): 14505–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-14505-2015.

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Abstract. Negative trends of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations are observed in the recent decade by both surface measurements and satellite retrievals over many regions, but they are not well explained by current emission inventories. Here, we attribute the observed CO concentration decline with an atmospheric inversion that simultaneously optimizes the two main CO sources (surface emissions and atmospheric hydrocarbon oxidations) and the main CO sink (atmospheric hydroxyl radical OH oxidation) by assimilating observations of CO and other chemically related tracers. Satellite CO column retri

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Gazali, Mohamad, Eri Safutra, and Zulfadhli Zulfadhli. "POTENSI MAKROALGA PADINA AUSTRALIS (HAUCK 1887) DI BARAT SELATAN ACEH SEBAGAI AGEN INHIBITOR TIROSINASE." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v5i1.1027.

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Seaweeds are marine macro algae that can be found attach to the bottom shallow coastal waters. There are three major groups of seaweeds namely brown algae (Phaeophyta), red (Rhodophyta) and green (Chlorophyta). Padina australis is one of brown algae which mostly found in the West-South of Aceh coastal Area. Seaweed contains bioactive compound which can serve as a defense from ultraviolet radiation that caused hyperpigmentation effect The purpose of this study is to analyse the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of P. australis extract from West-South Aceh. The results shown that the methanol extra

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39

Williamson, Paul A., Kevin J. Foreman, Jason M. White, and Geoff Anderson. "Methadone‐related overdose deaths in South Australia, 1984‐1994: How safe is methadone prescribing?" Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 6 (March 1997): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb122318.x.

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SUNJIC, SANDRA, and DEBORAH ZADOR. "Methadone syrup-related deaths in New South Wales, Australia, 1990-95." Drug and Alcohol Review 18, no. 4 (December 1999): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239996275.

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Zador, Deborah, and Sandra Sunjic. "Deaths in methadone maintenance treatment in New South Wales, Australia 1990-1995." Addiction 95, no. 1 (January 2000): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951778.x.

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Cockrum, PA, and JA Edgar. "Rapid estimation of corynetoxins in bacterial galls from annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) by high-performance liquid chromatography." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 1 (1985): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850035.

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A rapid and sensitive method is described for the extraction, detection and measurement of corynetoxins in ryegrass seed galls colonized by Corynebucterium rathayi. Excised galls are extracted with aqueous methanol and the extract analysed, without further purification, by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with detection by uItraviolet absorption. The method is applicable down to the level of a single gall or part of a gall with a minimum level of detection of about 0.25 �g using the equipment described. The corynetoxin content of the individual galls examined varied from b

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43

Gaughwin, Matt, Patty Solomon, and Robert Ali. "Correlates of retention on the South Australian Methadone Program 1981-91." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 22, no. 7 (December 1998): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1998.tb01491.x.

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Gaughwin, Matthew D., and Robert Ali. "HIV infection among injecting drug users in the South Australian methadone program." Medical Journal of Australia 162, no. 5 (March 1995): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139876.x.

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Caplehorn, John R. M. "Official and de facto admission criteria for methadone maintenance in New South Wales, Australia." Drug and Alcohol Review 17, no. 1 (March 1998): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239800187671.

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Le, Phuong-Phi, and Elizabeth D. Hotham. "South Australian rural community pharmacists and the provision of methadone, buprenorphine and injecting equipment." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, no. 3 (June 2008): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.16.3.0004.

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Loh, Zoë, Deli Chen, Mei Bai, Travis Naylor, David Griffith, Julian Hill, Tom Denmead, Sean McGinn, and Robert Edis. "Measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from Australian feedlot beef production using open-path spectroscopy and atmospheric dispersion modelling." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (2008): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07244.

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Feedlot production of beef cattle results in concentrated sources of gas emissions to the atmosphere. Reported here are the preliminary results of a micrometeorological study using open-path concentration measurements to determine whole-of-feedlot emissions of methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3). Tunable near-infrared diode lasers were used to measure line-averaged (150–400 m) open-path concentrations of CH4 and NH3. A backward Lagrangian stochastic model of atmospheric dispersion and the software package WindTrax were used to estimate greenhouse gas fluxes from the measured concentrations. We stu

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ZADOR, D., P. M. LYONS WALL, and I. WEBSTER. "High sugar intake in a group of women on methadone maintenance in South Western Sydney, Australia." Addiction 91, no. 7 (July 1996): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.917105311.x.

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ZADOR, D., P. M. LYONS WALL, and I. WEBSTER. "High sugar intake in a group of women on methadone maintenance in South Western Sydney, Australia." Addiction 91, no. 7 (July 1996): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1996.tb03601.x.

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McGee, P. A. "Reduced growth and deterrence from feeding of the insect pest Helicoverpa armigera associated with fungal endophytes from cotton." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 7 (2002): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01124.

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More than 13 morphospecies of fungal endophyte were isolated from leaves of cotton collected from eastern New South Wales, Australia. Of the fungi tested, methanol extracts of 4 morphospecies offered with a food source reduced the larval growth rate of the insect pest Helicoverpa armigera. Extracts of different isolates of 1�common morphospecies had varying effects on growth rates of H. armigera and H. punctigera. The impact of the endophytes after inoculation to leaves of cotton also differed. Five of 10 selected isolates were associated with reduced feeding from leaf discs in a feeding-choic

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