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Mellenthin, Jesper. "Modélisation de la solidification de matériaux polycristallins par la méthode du champ de phase". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0036.
Pełny tekst źródłaMellenthin, Jesper. "Modélisation de la croissance de matériaux polycristallins par la méthode du champ de phase". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003136.
Pełny tekst źródłaBayle, Raphaël. "Simulation des mécanismes de changement de phase dans des mémoires PCM avec la méthode multi-champ de phase". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX035.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhase change memories (PCM) exploit the variation of resistance of a small volume of phase change material: the binary information is coded through the amorphous or crystalline phase of the material. The phase change is induced by an electrical current, which heats the material by the Joule effect. Because of its fast and congruent crystallization, theGe2Sb2Te5 alloy is widely used for PCM. Nevertheless, to get a better reliability at high temperatures, which is required e.g. for automotive applications, STMicroelectronics uses a Ge-rich GeSbTe alloy. In this alloy, chemical segregation and appearance of a new crystalline phase occur during crystallization. The distribution of phases and alloy components are critical for the proper functioning of the memory cell; thus, predictive simulations would be extremely useful. Phase field models are used for tracking interfaces between areas occupied by different phases. In this work, a multi-phase field model allowing simulating the distribution of phases and species in Ge-rich GeSbTe has been developed. The parameters of the model have been determined using available data on this alloy. Two types of simulations have been carried out, firstly to describe crystallization during annealing of initially amorphous deposited thin layer; secondly to follow the evolution of phase distribution during memory operation using temperature fields that are typical for those operations. Comparisons between simulations and experiments show that they both exhibit the same features
Lebbad, Hocine. "Modélisation de la croissance des structures de Widmanstätten par la méthode des champs de phase". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS573.
Pełny tekst źródłaHe complex rearrangement of the phase domains in a metallic alloy, called microstructure, strongly impacts its mechanical properties. To optimize them, it is therefore important to understand the formation and evolution of the microstructures. The present work is devoted to a specific type of microstructures, called Widmanstätten. These acicular structures are observed in many metallic alloys (FeC, CuZn ...). Their growth, driven by the diffusion of alloying elements, occurs at constant velocity, in isothermal conditions. Yet, several aspects of this growth remain poorly understood, which justifies this study. Using phase-field models, we first show that the anisotropy of the elastic energy plays a key role on the growth, in both 2D and 3D. We observe that the tip radius of curvature does not depend on a dynamical process but relies on the competition between interfacial and elastic energy. Then, we illustrate the ability of our model to correctly describe the size of the tip. We have then developed two models to take into account two different mechanisms of relaxation by plastic deformation: misfit dislocations and plastic activity in the matrix. We have observed that plasticity does not change the singular growth at constant velocity but yet modifies the value of the growth velocity and the tip radius of curvature. Finally, we have developed a formalism at a thinner scale which is able to describe step nucleation and growth, which are often observed in Widmanstätten structures. Preliminary results, for a non-conserved field, are presented here
Huang, Xiaoqian. "Purification de l’eau usée par congélation sur paroi : modélisation par la méthode du champ de phase". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10205.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work focuses on studying a wastewater purification process by freezing on a cold wall. Several studies show that the growth of the ice layer depends on the characteristics of the liquid phase (solute concentration, liquid temperature, etc.) and the experimental conditions (cooling rate, seeding, supercooling, and liquid phase circulation, etc.). However, the solute distribution in the solid phase, a crucial factor for improving the process performance, has been the focus of few studies. Therefore, precise and rigorous control of the process is necessary to achieve well-controlled ice purity. To achieve this goal, this thesis includes an experimental part and a modeling part. In the experimental part, the H2O-NaCl mixture was chosen as the model solution. An experimental setup for crystallization on a cold wall was specifically designed for this work. The setup is equipped with temperature and thermal conductivity sensors, and a camera is used to monitor the in-situ growth of ice during the manipulations. After a bibliographical study on the principle of crystallization and the implementation of the process, a series of manipulations for a parametric study was carried out. Dendritic growth was observed with a high growth rate. This phenomenon depends on the effect of convection, supercooling, the temperature gradient in the liquid phase, and the initial concentration of the solution to be purified. For the modeling part, the phase-field method was chosen. This method allows simulating the morphology and growth kinetics of the solid, the inclusion of liquid (pockets and interstices) in the solid, as well as the liquid phase. The simulations help better understand the phenomena occurring during crystallization, such as the incorporation of impurities into the ice. This method, rarely used in chemical engineering, was first applied to the freezing of a pure substance (water/ice) to understand the equations and study the model's parameters. This model was then extended to the freezing of a binary mixture (H2O-NaCl), corresponding to the product chosen for the experiment. To asses the thermodynamic consistency of this method, the Pitzer model was chosen to predict equilibrium and thermodynamic properties. Based on this thermodynamic data, the mass balance, thermal balance, and phase-field equations are solved. The effects of supercooling, concentration, and anisotropy on the dendritic growth of crystals are compared and discussed. This innovative work has demonstrated the relevance of the phase-field method, which has been little developed in chemical engineering until now. This method allows describing the phenomena occurring at the liquid/solid interface, predicting the behavior of the solid phase to limit the incorporation of solute into the ice, and more generally, understanding the phenomena involved during the crystallization step
Ghmadh, Jihène. "Etude par la méthode du champ de phase à trois dimensions de la solidification dirigée dans des lames minces". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4368/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe report on a numerical study of directional solidification in thin samples of succinonitrile-based dilute alloy. This thesis is based on 3D phase-field simulations. Numerical results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observations. The comparison gives a good confirmation of the experimental laws, while providing new information on the dynamics of microstructures. Growth direction of the microstructure is constrained by two axes : the main crystal axis and the direction of the thermal gradient. Simulations allow us to test the variations of the growth direction and the microstructure stability at various misorientation angles. Our results are directly compared with the experimental law that gives the microstructure orientation response in a large domain of Péclet numbers. We obtain a good agreement, both on qualitative and quantitative grounds, between experiments and 3D simulations.In the second part of this manuscript, an oscillatory instability (2λ − O mode) is numerically studied. This mode involves oscillations of both cell width and cell tip position. This instability is reproduced in numerical simulations with the aim of allowing a fine and relevant comparison with experiments of the domain of existence and the periods of oscillation. In particular, the forced oscillation regime is explored to obtain information on the frequency response of the system
Robin, Éric. "Développement d'une méthode de démodulation de phase à partir d'une seule image de franges : applications des méthodes optiques de champ à la mesure en dynamique". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2321.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe recent progresses of the digital high speed cameras allows us to analyze very fast phenomena, such as cracks propagations, vibrations or impacts loading. These cameras give us a single frame of each time of experimental process. Optical methods in mechanics are widely used by researchers and engineers. The values of the quantities we are looking for are contained in the demodulated phase of the fringe pattern. Usually, in static, the phase extraction is performed by a phase shifting technique using several fringe patterns. But, this approach is unavailable for studies in dynamics. In this case, we have access to only one image for a given mechanical state. So we must extract the information from a single fringes pattern. We present two techniques of phase demodulation from a single real fringe pattern using the correlation technique. The behavior and the performances of both algorithms are presented with the help of examples
Hansen, Hubert. "Méthodes non-perturbatives en théorie quantique des champs : au-delà du champ moyen, l'approximation de la phase aléatoire". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003814.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn se plaçant au-delà du champ moyen où seules sont prises en compte les corrélations entre une particule et un potentiel "moyen" à un corps, la RPA va permettre de rajouter dans le calcul de l'état fondamental des corrélations entre particules.
Afin de mettre en place le formalisme, on applique la RPA, sons différentes formes (standard, renormalisée, en termes de fonctions de Green), à l'une des plus simples théories des champs en interaction, la théorie scalaire lambda x phi^4. On montre qu'il se produit une transition de phase due à une brisure dynamique de symétrie dont le paramètre critique se rapproche des résultats obtenus sur réseaux et par la technique des "clusters". Les résultats sont aussi présentés à température finie pour le champ moyen.
On étudie également un modèle effectif réaliste de la transition de phase chirale, le modèle sigma-linéaire et on montre que le théorème de Goldstone est restauré, contrairement à l'approximation gaussienne.
Enfin pour éclaircir quelques points de la RPA et, aller au-delà des corrélations obtenues dans la forme renormalisée, on considère l'oscillateur anharmonique en mécanique quantique, en introduisant les corrélations minimales au-delà du champ moyen et on montre que les corrélations RPA améliorent grandement le résultat obtenu en champ moyen.
Yu, Zhan. "Modélisation de l'endommagement et de la fissuration des roches argileuses sous sollicitations thermo-hydromécaniques avec la méthode de champ de phase". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I108.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the general framework of research projects related to geological disposal of radioactive waste, shale gas production and acid gas sequestration, it is necessary to investigate damage and cracking in clayey rocks under coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical loads (THM).In the first part of the thesis, a new phase-field method is developed for rock-like materials. Two crack fields are introduced in order to describe both tensile and shear cracks. A proper thermodynamics framework is proposed to describe the evolution of two crack fields. The plastic deformation of rocks is also taken into account. An efficient numerical algorithm is adopted for the coupling between the crack fields and displacement field. This algorithm is then set up in the framework of the finite element method. The efficiency of the new phase-field method is illustrated through examples showing tensile and shear cracks.In the second part, the phase-field method is extended to problems with thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling. To this end, a specific procedure is developed for the coupling between the crack fields, mechanical field and hydraulic and thermal fields. The effects of THM coupling on cracking mechanisms are investigated.The last part is devoted to two representative examples of application. The first one is relevant to the study of excavation induced damage and cracking around an underground gallery. The second one is related to the thermally induced cracking. Both examples are based on in situ experiments performed in the underground research laboratory of Andra
Ducousso, Tristan. "Etude de la solidification dirigée par la méthode du champ de phase : comparaison théorie - expérience pour un alliage binaire dilué". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30043.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe growth direction of dendritic structures during directional solidification is bounded by crystal and imposed temperature gradient axes. An empirical scaling law has recently been proposed to describe the selected growth direction. These observations are compared to results obtained from a "one-sided" phase-field model including a phenomenological antitrapping current. We found a significant discrepancy between numerical and experimental results. One possible explanation may be found in the current form. First, a generalized expression for the antitrapping current is obtained in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. Then, we present an analysis of the sharp-interface limit of our phase-field model with an arbitrary diffusion coefficient in the solid phase. We show that the current depends on a parameter X which cannot be determined directly with a diffuse-interface model. Finally, a level-set method based on sharp-interface model is developed to quantify this parameter. The level-set method indicates that X seems to be a very small parameter in free dendritic growth. However, the gradient temperature could increase this parameter in directional solidification, and so reduce the accuracy of the phase-field model. Numerical simulations remain to be done in order to test this point
Simonin, Jean-Pierre. "Influence d'un champ sur la diffusion en milieu liquide : étude de quelques aspects stochastiques et expérimentaux". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066611.
Pełny tekst źródłaSarkis, Carole. "Modélisation de la solidification dendritique d’un alliage Al-4.5%pdsCu atomisé avec une méthode de champs de phase anisotrope adaptative". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDendritic growth is computed using a phase-field model with automatic adaptation of an anisotropic and unstructured finite element mesh. Unknowns are the phase-field function, a dimensionless temperature and a dimensionless composition, as proposed by [KAR1998] and [RAM2004]. Linear finite element interpolation is used for all variables, after discretization stabilization techniques that ensure convergence towards a correct non-oscillating solution. In order to perform quantitative computations of dendritic growth on a large domain, two additional numerical ingredients are necessary: automatic anisotropic unstructured adaptive meshing [COU2011], [COU2014] and parallel implementations [DIG2001], both made available with the numerical platform used (CimLib) based on C++ developments. Mesh adaptation is found to greatly reduce the number of degrees of freedom. Results of phase-field simulations for dendritic solidification of a pure material and a binary alloy in two and three dimensions are shown and compared with reference work. Discussion on algorithm details and the CPU time are outlined and a comparison with a macroscopic model are made
Gu, Hanfeng. "Multigrid methods for 3D composite material simulation and crack propagation modelling based on a phase field method". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI090/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the development of imaging techniques like X-Ray tomography in recent years, it is now possible to take into account the microscopic details in composite material simulations. However, the composites' complex nature such as inclined and broken fibers, voids, requires rich data to describe these details and thus brings challenging problems in terms of computational time and memory when using traditional simulation methods like the Finite Element Method. These problems become even more severe in simulating failure processes like crack propagation. Hence, it is necessary to investigate more efficient numerical methods for this kind of large scale problems. The MultiGrid (MG) method is such an efficient method, as its computational cost is proportional to the number of unknowns. In this thesis, an efficient MG solver is developed for these problems. The MG method is applied to solve the static elasticity problem based on the Lame's equation and the crack propagation problem based on a phase field method. The accuracy of the MG solutions is validated with Eshelby's classic analytic solution. Then the MG solver is developed to investigate the composite homogenization process and its solutions are compared with existing solutions in the literature. After that, the MG solver is applied to simulate the free-edge effect in laminated composites. A real laminated structure using X-Ray tomography is first simulated. At last, the MG solver is further developed, combined with a phase field method, to simulate the brittle crack propagation. The MG method demonstrates its efficiency both in time and memory dimensions for solving the above problems
Boussinot, Guillaume. "Etude du vieillissement des superalliages à base nickel par la méthode de champs de phase". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066575.
Pełny tekst źródłaYounsi, Amina. "Simulations des effets des écoulements sur la croissance cristalline d'un mélange binaire. Approche par méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01221833/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNguyen, Khac Lan. "Modèles de champ de phase et modèles Lattice Boltzmann pour la segmentation 3D de tumeurs en imagerie ultrasons hautes fréquences". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS011.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we are interested in the problem of 3D segmentation of skin tumors in high frequency ultrasound images. We focus mainly on two questions: how best to estimate the volume of tumors (in accordance with references produced by dermatologists) and how to produce algorithms whose computation times are close to real time? First, we describe a new model, log-likelihood Cahn-Hilliard (LLCH), based on a variational formulation coupling a data attachment term computed from non-parametric estimates and a regularization term derived from a phase transition dynamic (Allen Cahn reaction diffusion equation). This model is tested with a first multigrid implementation using exact solutions calculated with a Lie splitting. Secondly, we are interested in the possibility of implementing the LLCH model using lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM). The underlying dynamic is not physical in nature, so this implementation is not direct and is subject to instability problems. We show that, due to the specificities of the data attachment term, the BGK schemes, with simple relaxation time, do not ensure sufficient stability. We then use MRT schemes, with multiple relaxation times, which allow us to gain stability by introducing additional parameters. The adjustment of the so-called quartic parameters makes it possible to obtain fourth-order exact schemes that are numerically stable. Tests performed on a clinical database with ground truth provided by dermatologists show that the results obtained with the two proposed implementations are much better than those obtained with level sets methods and that our model is a good alternative to overcome the problem of underestimation of tumor volume. The computation times, for 3D images of about 70 million voxels, are very short and well adapted for practical use in medical environments
Ammar, Kais. "Modélisation et simulation du couplage changement de phases-mécanique par la méthode des champs de phases". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508677.
Pełny tekst źródłaGmati, Hela. "Modélisation par champ de phase de la rupture des matériaux solides élastiques et élasto-viscoplastiques". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Phase-Field Method (PFM), which has been designed for interfacial problems, provides an attractive framework for the modelling of fracture. The present work aims at developing some constitutive models within the framework of the PFM to model fracture in homogeneous and polycrystalline materials. For this purpose, two different situations have been examined. For the first situation, which is typical of brittle fracture, the development of damage is driven by the accumulation of elastic strain energy. The second situation is the one where damage is controlled by the development of plastic strains, which is quite common for ductile or fatigue fracture.The phase-field model for brittle fracture uses a scalar damage variable to represent the progressive degradation of mechanical resistance. The spatial gradient of the damage variable, which is treated as an additional external state variable, serves regularization purposes and allows considering the surface energy associated with cracks. The deviatoric/spherical decomposition of elastic strain energy is used to consider closure effects. Some material parameters have been introduced to control the impact of deviatoric and spherical contributions on the development of damage. Also, the proposed strategy is adapted to any class of material symmetry. Numerical implementation is undertaken via the finite element method, where nodal degrees of freedom are the displacement and the damage variable. For illustration purpose, the numerical simulations are carried out under both static and dynamic loading conditions.An extension of the above model to plasticity-driven fracture in polycrystalline materials is also proposed. The framework of crystal plasticity has been used for the construction of constitutive relations. To consider the role of plastic strains on the development of damage, the proposed strategy uses the coupling between damage and hardening. The consequence is that the driving force for damage contains some contributions from isotropic and kinematic hardening variables. According to the numerical results, the important features of ductile and fatigue fracture are correctly reproduced
Laporte, Eric. "Application de la méthode d'analyse en boucle ouverte à la conception d'oscillateurs à résonateur diélectrique et contrôlé en tension en bande X, à très faible bruit de phase". Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbourou, Ella Appolinaire. "Étude des solutions stationnaires d'un modèle de champs de phase cristallin". Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2273/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the study of stationary solutions of a Phase Field Crystal model, in one spacedimension, introduced by Elder in 2002. Thus, we prove by the Lyapunov-Schmidt method of reductionand the multiparameter technique, the existence of the curves of bifurcating stationary solutions whenthe kernel of the linearized operator near to trivial solution is of two dimension. A parenthesis is open forcomparing the energies of the bifurcating solution and the trivial solution. Also, thanks to the principle ofreduced stability, we provide specific sets of parameter values for wich the obtained solutions are stable orunstable. These theoretical results are confirmed by several numerical tests.Moreover, in the classical case of a one dimensional kernel, we establish the phase diagrams allowing tounderstand the different orientations of non-trivial solutions curves near to of each bifurcation point
Louchez, Marc-Antoine. "Modélisation par champ de phase et atomique des interfaces hétérophases : application aux hydrures de zirconium". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10059/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe goal of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underpinning the formation and evolution of hydrides in α zirconium and its alloys. In this context, multi-scale approaches combining atomic and phase-field simulations were employed to address the structural and energetic properties of heterophase α|hydrides interfaces. A peculiar attention was focused on the γ-ZrH hydride due to its controversed stability and to its supposed role one many sequences of precipitation. In particular, the study was concentrated on the basal and prismatic interfaces complemented by a meticulous study of the habit planes. An original methodology, transferable to other systems and based on the microelasticity theory combined with ab initio calculations, was proposed to estimate the energies related to these interfaces. The results show a strong anisotropy hitherto neglected in the literature. Due to the semi-coherent nature of prismatic interfaces, a correct evaluation of its energy was proven to be difficult. Thus, an alternative approach, grounded in a phase-field formalism and able to describe the core structure of inherent dislocations in prismatic interfaces, has been suggested. This approach turned out useful to estimate the interfacial stability of various systems as well as to predict the coherency loss of a growing seed. It has been showed that the coherent ζ-Zr2H hydride could constitute a good precursor of γ-hydride. Finally, the application of the microelasticity theory to α|hydrides interfaces has clearly showed a preference for πI pyramidal habit planes where a significant effect of hydrogen content in the hydride has also been observed
Hamma, Juba. "Modélisation par la méthode des champs de phase du maclage mécanique dans des alliages de titane β-métastables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS381.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeta-metastable titanium alloys exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at room temperature, linked to the microstructure evolution under stress. A specific deformation mode plays an essential role: the {332}<11-3> twinning system. This thesis work thus concerns a modeling, by the phase field method, of {332} twin variants evolution under stress. The first part is devoted to an Allen-Cahn type phase field model with an elasticity taken into account in a geometrically linear formalism. This model is used with an isotropic or anisotropic interface energy in order to study the influence of the latter on the growth of twin variants. The role of an elasticity formulated in finite strain is then discussed and gives rise to the second part of this work. A mechanical equilibrium solver formulated in the geometrically non-linear formalism using a spectral method is then set up and validated. It is then used in the development of an Allen-Cahn type phase field model considering a geometrically non-linear elasticity. We then proceed to a fine comparative study of the microstructures obtained in linear and non-linear geometries. The results show a major difference between the microstructures obtained in the two elastic frameworks, concluding on the need for elasticity in finite strain formalism to reproduce the twin microstructures observed experimentally. Finally, we present a prospective study of a more general phase field formalism than the previous ones, based on a Lagrange reduction method, which would allow to fully take into account the reconstructive character of twinning and the hierarchical nature of the microstructures observed experimentally
Gong, Yang Hao. "Sur l'analyse multiéchelle du changement de morphologie du PET sous l'effet de la température ou des sollicitations mécaniques". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis work, we are interested in simulating the evolution of the microstructure of a polymer. In particular, we have studied in the morphology change of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) under different mechanisms. These simulations carried out by the phase field simulation. This method based on the Cahn-Hilliard equation or the Ginzburg-Landau equation. It uses an order parameter to describe the state of material, thermodynamic and kinetic variables. Thus we can describe the microstructure evolution without tracking the interface (which would require complex remeshing) and reproduce the evolution of the crystalline structure within the polymers, for example the growth of spherulites which appear during crystallization induced by temperature. Within the scope the morphology changing by the temperature, the evolution of phase field simulation is performed by the finite difference method and the finite element method. The kinetic coefficient is adjusted in order to fit the experiment data in of the literature. We introduce the multiphase field model (the MPF model) in order to simulate the evolution of several spherulites and to describe the junction of spherulites. The growth and junction of spherulites have been modeled by the finite element method and nicely reproduced in comparing the experimental evolution of isothermal crystallization of a polymer. Comparing these results with the Avrami macroscopic model, an evaluation of the Avrami constant, K (T), was discussed according to the fluctuations of the initial conditions (positions and size of the germs).In the following part, we study the crystallization induced by mechanical deformation. We are interested in the viscoelastic model to simulate the induced crystallization of PET in plane stress. The phase field model coupled to mechanics will be presented. Different viscoelastic behaviors have been considered for each phase. The influence on crystallization and orientation of the deformation, the stress velocity and the contrast between the phases are studied and compared qualitatively with the experimental observations. This is a preliminary study that will have to be continued in order to predict a more realistic morphology
Rouchette, Hadrien. "Sink efficiency calculation of dislocations in irradiated materials by phase-field modelling". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work is to develop a modelling technique for diffusion of crystallographic migrating defects in irradiated metals and absorption by sinks to better predict the microstructural evolution in those materials.The phase field technique is well suited for this problem, since it naturally takes into account the elastic effects of dislocations on point defect diffusion in the most complex cases. The phase field model presented in this work has been adapted to simulate the generation of defects by irradiation and their absorption by the dislocation cores by means of a new order parameter associated to the sink morphology. The method has first been validated in different reference cases by comparing the sink strengths obtained numerically with analytical solutions available in the literature. Then, the method has been applied to dislocations with different orientations in zirconium, taking into account the anisotropic properties of the crystal and point defects, obtained by state-of-the-art atomic calculations.The results show that the shape anisotropy of the point defects promotes the vacancy absorption by basal loops, which is consistent with the experimentally observed zirconium growth under irradiation. Finally, the rigorous investigation of the dislocation loop case proves that phase field simulations give more accurate results than analytical solutions in realistic loop density ranges
Noel, Matthieu. "Modélisation déterministe et probabiliste de la rupture par champ de phase et identification expérimentale pour la fissuration des structures en bois dans l’ameublement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2061.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the furniture industry, ensuring the safety of structures in accordance with European standards presents a significant challenge for furniture manufacturers. Before commercialization, furniture are subjected to standardized validation tests, which only allow for a retrospective understanding of its mechanical behavior. This thesis aims to develop modeling and numerical simulation tools to predict the cracking failure mechanism at the connections between furniture elements. To achieve this objective, the methodological approach combines modeling and numerical simulation with experimental testing. It employs the finite element method coupled with phase-field fracture/damage models to simulate cracking in linear elastic isotropic and anisotropic materials within a deterministic and probabilistic framework. An experimental testing campaign is conducted on perforated spruce wood samples subjected to uniaxial compression to reproduce the cracking mechanisms observed in real structures, particularly in the connections of high loft beds. An identification procedure is developed and implemented to characterize the elastic and damage properties of spruce wood, in particular by exploiting experimental displacement field measurements obtained through digital image correlation. A method for accelerating phase-field damage simulations is proposed to reduce their high computational cost. This approach allows for the prediction, independently of the type of connections, of the displacement or critical force preceding crack initiation. The numerical results indicate that, provided realistic boundary conditions are applied and the material properties are correctly identified, the crack initiation criterion is useful for predicting the location of potentially damaged/cracked areas and providing a consistent order of magnitude of the force or displacement required to initiate cracking. This criterion only requires a single linear elastic simulation, followed by a post-processing with a phase-field damage model, to facilitate its use in an industrial context, in particular the furniture sector. The numerical tools developed, available in open source, could help furniture manufacturers to predict brittle fracture in wood and optimize furniture design, while guaranteeing compliance with safety standards
Michelet, Jordan. "Extraction du fouillis de mer dans des images radar marin cohérent : modèles de champ de phases, méthodes de Boltzmann sur réseau, apprentissage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS048.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe focus on the problem of sea clutter extraction in marine radar images. The aim is to develop image processing methods allowing us to avoid assumptions about the nature of the sea clutter and the signal of interest. On the one hand, we propose an original algorithm based on a variational approach : a multiphase model with diffuse interface. The results obtained show that the algorithm is efficient when the signal of interest has a sufficiently large signal-to-clutter ratio. On the other hand, we focus on the implementation of lattice Boltzmann schemes for convection-diffusion problems with non-constant advection velocity and non-zero source term. We describe the computation of the consistency obtained by asymptotic analysis at the acoustic scale and with a multiple relaxation time collision operator, and study the stability of these schemes in a particular case. The obtained results show that the proposed schemes allow removing the residual noise and to enhance the signal of interest on the image obtained with the first method. Finally, we propose a learning method allowing us to avoid assumptions on the nature of the signal of interest. Indeed, in addition to the variational approach, we propose an algorithm based on pulse-Doppler processing when the signal of interest is exo-clutter and has a low signal-to-clutter ratio. The results obtained from the proposed double auto-encoder, being comparable to the results provided by each of the two methods, allow validating this approach
El, kettani Perla. "Équations d'évolution stochastiques locales et non locales dans des problèmes de transition de phase". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS494/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to develop methods for proving the existence and uniqueness of solutionsof local and nonlocal stochastic evolution equations in phase transition problems. In chapter 1, we studyan initial value problem for a nonlocal stochastic reaction-diffusion equation with homogeneous Neumannboundary conditions in an open bounded set of ℝn, with a smooth boundary. We consider the case of ageneral nonlinear elliptic operator and we suppose that the noise is additive and induced by a Q-Wiener process.The deterministic problem with a linear diffusion term is used to model phase separation in a binarymixture. The proof of existence for the stochastic problem is based on a change of function which involvesthe solution of the stochastic heat equation with a nonlinear diffusion term. We obtain a problem withoutthe noise term. This simplifies the application of the monotonicity method, which we use to identify thelimit of the nonlinear terms. In chapter 2, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a phasefield problem with multiplicative noises induced by Q-Wiener processes. This problem models for instancethe process of melting and solidification. To that purpose we apply the Galerkin method and derive a prioriestimates for the approximate solutions. The last step is to identify the limit of the nonlinear terms whichwe do by the so-called stochastic monotonicity method. Finally, in chapter 3, we prove the existence anduniqueness of a pathwise solution in space dimension up to 6 for the stochastic nonlocal Allen-Cahn equationwith a multiplicative noise induced by a Q-Wiener process. The usual compactness method for deterministicproblems cannot be applied in a stochastic context because of the additional probability variable. Therefore,we apply the stochastic compactness method
Vaills, Yann. "Contribution à l'étude des transitions de phase structurales des pérovskites CsCaCl3 et CsPbCI3 par résonance paramagnétique électronique de l'ion Gd3+". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066149.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarion, Antoine. "Dynamiques moléculaires utilisant un champ de force quantique semiempirique : développement et applications à des systèmes d'intérêt biologique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0169/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work is devoted to the development of approximate quantum chemistry methods that are suitable to treat biological systems of large size. In particular, we run molecular dynamics under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, allowing a quantum mechanical description of the electronic Hamiltonian of the full system: SEBOMD (SemiEmpirical Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics). Our method is based on a semiempirical (SE) electronic Hamiltonian. One of the key issues arising in a condensed phase SEBOMD simulation is represented by the choice of the SE method. Since most of the currently available approaches fail in describing some relevant intermolecular interactions, we developed a new correction of SE Hamiltonians. This method, which we named PM3-PIF3, was applied to study the molecular dynamics of organic molecules in water. The results that we obtained showed that our technique is suitable to treat molecules having hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic groups in an aqueous medium. The analysis of the electronic and vibrational properties of these molecules in the presence of the solvent validates our results with respect to experimental and theoretical studies in the literature. Finally, we investigated the water self-Dissociation process in confined environments. After discussing the choice of the SE Hamiltonian to be used for this purpose, we characterized the proton transfer in a water cluster. We established a correlation between the free energy of the first step of this process and some collective physical properties
Tiwari, Vaishnvi. "A consistent approach for coupling lumped-parameter and phase-field models for in-vessel corium to thermodynamic databases". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX087.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis Ph.D. thesis is focused on ensuring a thermodynamically consistent representation of in-vessel corium (a high temperature mixture of molten reactor core and structural materials, described as a U-O-Zr-steel system) in the coupled thermohydraulic-thermochemical models that are used for performing Severe Accident (SA) analysis of nuclear Light Water Reactors (LWRs); in particular, the In-Vessel Melt Retention (IVMR) Strategy. In this context, the use of a thermodynamic database obtained by the CALPHAD method seems relevant by providing closures and inputs to the thermohydraulic and thermochemical models respectively. These databases consist of models for Gibbs energy functions of the possible phases for a system that can be used to obtain the equilibrium thermodynamic description for the system as well as material thermodynamic properties for out-of-equilibrium conditions.Through this work, a systematic approach for ensuring extensive utilization of CALPHAD data in the coupled models has been developed, and the associated questions have been answered for ‘mock-up’ macroscopic and mesoscopic models developed for describing some of the phenomena pertaining to in-vessel corium behaviour.As a first step, the feasibility of using CALPHAD based closures (in the form of enthalpy-temperature relations and local equilibrium conditions) has been tested on the macroscopic model developed using the lumped parameter approach. Considering the ternary U-O-Zr system, this model describes the plane front solidification process at the boundary of a molten corium pool. The second part of the work is focused on the development of a general formulation for diffuse interface models under the phase-field approach, which can be used to simulate the kinetics of various thermochemical processes under non-isothermal conditions such as solidification and phase segregation. The questions related to the thermodynamic consistency of the model as well as its parameterization (in particular with respect to the up-scaling of the interface thickness) have been addressed and the numerical results have been discussed for binary U-Zr and U-O systems under isothermal conditions
Zhao, Zhao. "Identification d'une nouvelle phase d'hydrure de zirconium et modélisation à l'échelle mésoscopique de sa précipitation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10166/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLn pile, zirconium alloys in contact with the primary medium are submitted to hydrogen absorption that has significant consequences on their thermodynamic, mechanical and corrosion behaviors. Therefore, hydrogen in solid solution or hydrides precipitation can affect Zirconium alloys behaviors during service but also in long term storage and in accidental conditions. For both fundamentals aspects and safety reasons it is important te understand the precipitation process and to predict the influence various parameters like temperature, stresses, cooling rates and microstructure may have. Numerical modeling at the mesoscopic scale is an appealing approach to describe the precipitation and the "phase field" method appears to be particularly weil suited. The achievement of a realistic mesoscopic modeling should take into account an accurate kinetic, thermodynamic and structural data base in order to properly describe hydride nucleation, growth and coalescence as weil as hydride interaction with externat stresses. Such a data base relies on experimental data that are not always available; this is the reason why an accu rate structural characterization was performed. Therefore transmission electron microscopy observations were carried out on Zircaloy 4 specimens with various H contents. From this study, a new hydride phase called <, coherent with the matrix, was identified
Chafia, Zakaria. "Numerical multiscale strategies and High Performance Computing for predicting the fracture behaviour of heterogeneous materials". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2069.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to develop numerical methods for simulating fracture in quasi-brittle heterogeneous structures. The use of composite materials in these structures makes their damage behavior highly dependent on the microstructure, potentially inducing anisotropy at the macroscopic scale. To accurately capture scale effects influencing the damage behavior of heterogeneous structures, simulations must include a fine and detailed description of the microstructure. Initially, an in-house parallel implementation of the phase field method is proposed. This implementation enables direct numerical simulations of structures, using very fine numerical models, carried out on supercomputers employing the finite element method. It is based on a collaborative approach using data partitioning. The domain is decomposed into several subdomains, each core performs computations on a specific subdomain ensuring communication and data sharing with adjacent cores. Then, a Data-Driven multiscale method is proposed to model anisotropic damage in quasi-brittle structures. This approach uses damage calculations results on representative volume elements (RVEs) as data to build a surrogate model describing the behavior law and the evolution of macroscopic internal variables. A harmonic analysis of the elastic tensor evolution during crack propagation in the RVE combined with numerical homogenization is used to define the anisotropic damage model and the macroscopic internal variables. Multivariate interpolation techniques are applied to evaluate the evolution laws of these internal variables. A regularization technique is used at the macroscopic scale to avoid mesh-dependency. Finally, to reduce the computational time associated with the phase field method within the context of the finite element method, an approach bridging overlapping coarse and fine meshes within the same simulation is developed. The fine mesh is used in the vicinity of localized defects to accurately capture crack initiation, while the coarse mesh is used away from these defects to reduce computational time, while ensuring an adequate description of crack propagation. The coupling between the two overlapping meshes is achieved using a variational formulation in which the energies of the models associated with the fine and coarse meshes are weighted in the superposition zone
Hüe, Florian. "Mesures de déformations dans des dispositifs de la microélectronique par microscopie électronique en transmission en haute résolution et holographie en champ sombre". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/325/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStrained silicon is now an integral feature of microelectronic devices due to the associated enhancement in carrier mobility. The general aim of this thesis is to explore how transmission electron microscopy can be used to measure strain in such systems. We show in particular how Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) of High Resolution Electron Microscopy images (HREM) can be used to study thin layers of strained silicon grown upon virtual substrates of Si1-xGex. By studying different virtual substrate compositions and different layer thicknesses we have optimized the technique and evaluated its accuracy and reliability. Accuracy in strain measurement can reach 0. 2% for fields of view of 200 nm x 200 nm. The detailed comparison of experimental measurements and finite element simulations allows the quantification of thin foil relaxation for TEM lamellas. We show, for the first time, that strain can be mapped in two dimensions in an actual device, a p-MOSFET, with a spatial resolution of 2 nm. The second part concerns a new method developed in the CEMES-CNRS laboratory: dark-field holography. With the aid of a field emission gun and a biprism, interferometric fringes are created between a diffracted wave coming from a perfect crystal and a diffracted wave coming from a distorted area. Analysis of the hologram allows us to determine strain. Very large field of view (500 nm by 2 µm) can be obtained with an even better precision than HREM: 0. 02%. Finally, the complementarity of the two techniques is demonstrated through the study of various systems such as multichannel, uniaxial compressed p-MOSFETs (SiGe) with different channel lengths or uniaxial tensile strained n-MOSFETs (Si:C)
Levine, Benjamin Isaiah. "Etudes des interférences au voisinage d'une surface". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30125.
Pełny tekst źródłaPaez, Espejo Miguel angel. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement spatiotemporel des transitions de phase dans les monocristaux moléculaires à transition de spin". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is devoted to the multiscale modeling of the spin transition phenomena in Fe(II) spin crossover compounds. The development of a macroscopic reaction-diffusion-like model for the phase transition from the Ising-like Hamiltonian allowed the theoretical study of the spatio-temporal behavior of the high-spin fraction accompanying the first-order phase transition in switchable spin crossover single crystals. The comparison to experiments led to an excellent agreement for the dynamics of the high-spin/low-spin interface which improved the understanding of the optical microscopy measurements. Next, this work was extended to the study of photothermic effects due to the crystal heating by the light of the microscope leading to a coupled system of differential equations accounting for the thermal coupling with the bath temperature. These equations predict nonlinear behaviors for crystals in the bistable region, such as the autocatalytic effects, for which we established the conditions of their emergence. The last part of this thesis is devoted to an extension of the electro-elastic model. Here we prove that the elastic frustration is at the origin of the existence of two-step and of incomplete spin crossover transitions. Furthermore, this model allowed us to predict structures of complex patterns in high-spin fractions for intermediate phases. Several types of self-organisation were revealed such as the spatially-modulated structures of the high-spin fractions. Some of these behaviors have been experimentally observed, very recently, in spin crossover compounds
Malveau, Cédric. "Microscopie RMN en phases liquide et solide par gradients de champ radiofréquenceApplication au PolyEthylène haute densité : structure du matériau et diffusion de solvant". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10062.
Pełny tekst źródłaDe, Rancourt Victor. "Modélisation de l’oxydation des aciers inoxydables polycristallins par une approche en champs de phases couplée avec la mécanique". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAustenitic stainless steels and nickel based alloys are widely used for their mechanical properties at high temperatures.Their durability can be increased by the addition of chromium resulting in the formation of a protective oxide layer such as chromia (Cr2O3).Nevertheless, it is established from vacuum mechanical tests that oxidation significantly decreases their fatigue life.In fact, oxide growth can be followed with the injection of defects such as vacancies, deleterious chemical elements and residual stresses, etc., into the metal.The resulting cracking micromechanisms are therefore governed by complex interactions between the environment and the metal surface, implying the chemical composition and the microstructure of the metal.To date, materials life prediction is a necessity for the nuclear industry due to safety and economic issues.The enhancement of the model dimensionality allow to explicitly account for multi-physics interactions between oxide and metallic phases under mechanical loads.The thesis is in line with it and relies on the development of a phase field model coupled with mechanics that heavily relies on the principles of continuum thermodynamics.The effective behaviour of the interface is obtained by homogenisation methods allowing the mixture of separate behaviours, as it is the case on a ductile metallic substrate and its fragile oxide.Oxide growth residual stresses and mechanical load induced stresses can be relaxed by viscoplasticity, which is isotropic and anisotropic respectively for the oxide and the substrate.Full field finite element simulations are performed to study both generalised and intergranular oxidation under mechanical loads.The simulations highlight the possibility of triggering breakaway oxidation by the generation of tensile stresses in the fragile oxide, which can be localised along oxide intrusions at grain boundaries
Li, Tianyi. "Gradient-damage modeling of dynamic brittle fracture : variational principles and numerical simulations". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX042/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn civil engineering, mechanical integrity of the reinforced concrete structures under severe transient dynamic loading conditions is of paramount importance for safety and calls for an accurate assessment of structural behaviors in presence of dynamic crack propagation. In this work, we focus on the constitutive modeling of concrete regarded as an elastic-damage brittle material. The strain localization evolution is governed by a gradient-damage approach where a scalar field achieves a smeared description of dynamic fracture phenomena. The contribution of the present work is both theoretical and numerical. We propose a variationally consistent formulation of dynamic gradient damage models. A formal definition of several energy release rate concepts in the gradient damage model is given and we show that the dynamic crack tip equation of motion is governed by a generalized Griffith criterion. We then give an efficient numerical implementation of the model based on a standard finite-element spatial discretization and the Newmark time-stepping methods in a parallel computing framework. Simulation results of several problems are discussed both from a computational and physical point of view. Different damage constitutive laws and tension-compression asymmetry formulations are compared with respect to their aptitude to approximate brittle fracture. Specific properties of the dynamic gradient damage model are investigated for different phases of the crack evolution: nucleation, initiation, propagation, arrest, kinking and branching. Comparisons with experimental results are also performed in order to validate the model and indicate its further improvement
Baudrillard, Vincent. "Etude structurale par résonance magnétique nucléaire mono- et bidimensionnelle haut-champ de carbanions vinyliques à fonction carbonyle masquée". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES024.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaymond, Nicolas. "Méthodes spectrales et théorie des cristaux liquides". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424859.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe premier et principal aspect de ce travail concerne l'analyse semi-classique de la plus petite valeur propre $\la_1(B,\A)$ de la réalisation de Neumann de l'opérateur de Schrödinger magnétique $(i\nabla+B\A)^2$ dans le cas où le champ magnétique $\bbeta=\nabla\times\A$ n'est pas uniforme. Plus précisément, en dimension 2, nous établissons un développement asymptotique à deux termes de $\la_1(B,\A)$ lorsque $B$ tend vers l'infini et démontrons simultanément des résultats de localisation pour les premières fonctions propres correspondantes ; pour ce qui est du problème en dimension 3, nous étudions d'une part des estimations uniformes pour une famille de champs magnétiques d'intensité constante (en vue de l'application à une famille spéciale apparaissant à l'occasion de la théorie des cristaux liquides) et d'autre part nous nous plaçons dans des hypothèses génériques sur le champ magnétique et prouvons une majoration qui laisse conjecturer l'expression des deuxième et troisième termes du développement asymptotique.
Le deuxième aspect de cette thèse est l'étude de la transition de phase en théorie des cristaux liquides. Nous mettons en évidence une température critique pour la fonctionnelle de Landau-de Gennes qui permet de déterminer, lorsque certains coefficients de la fonctionnelle appelés constantes d'élasticité explosent, la phase dans laquelle se trouve le cristal liquide (nématique ou smectique). Par ailleurs, nous sommes amenés à introduire une nouvelle fonctionnelle (en imposant une condition de Dirichlet non homogène) en vue d'obtenir des informations plus quantitatives.
Wu, Yi. "Topology optimization in structural dynamics : vibrations, fracture resistance and uncertainties". Thesis, Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC2007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to develop density based-topology optimization methods for several challenging dynamic structural problems. First, we propose a normalization strategy for elastodynamics to obtain optimized material distributions of the structures that reduces frequency response and improves the numerical stabilities of the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO). Then, to take into account uncertainties in practical engineering problems, a hybrid interval uncertainty model is employed to efficiently model uncertainties in dynamic structural optimization. A perturbation method is developed to implement an uncertainty-insensitive robust dynamic topology optimization in a form that greatly reduces the computational costs. In addition, we introduce a model of interval field uncertainty into dynamic topology optimization. The approach is applied to single material, composites and multi-scale structures topology optimization. Finally, we develop a topology optimization for dynamic brittle fracture structural resistance, by combining topology optimization with dynamic phase field fracture simulations. This framework is extended to design impact-resistant structures. In contrast to stress-based approaches, the whole crack propagation is taken into account into the optimization process
Zhang, Qi. "Théorie et simulation de la conjugaison de phase magnéto-acoustique". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343775.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa base de la théorie développée dans cette thèse est une analyse directe par une méthode multi-échelle. Les résultats sont obtenues sous une formes simple à utiliser : le seuil du mode supercritique, les taux de croissance et sa relation avec les répartitions spatiales de contrainte dans le conjugateur sont donnés sous forme analytique.
Une approche du problème de focalisation est présentée par transposition des résultats 1D à la symétrie sphérique. Toutes les solutions analytiques sont comparées avec des résultats numériques. Enfin le problème de la conjugaison de phase en 2D est initié numériquement.
Kneur, Jean-Loic. "Calculs perturbatifs variationnellement améliorés en théorie des champs; calcul du spectre et contraintes sur le modèle supersymétrique standard". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265720.
Pełny tekst źródłaZaim, Mohammed. "Modélisation numérique de la localisation de l'écoulement et des déformations dans les milieux poreux partiellement saturés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0024.
Pełny tekst źródłaFingering flow is a hydraulicinstability that occurs in partially saturatedporous media due to the displacement of thefluid in place in the pores by another fluidcharacterized by a different density andviscosity. When this instability is triggered, theinterface separating the two fluids becomesunstable, forming fingers. Traditional modelsdescribing flow in partially saturated porousmedia are unable to model this phenomenon, asthey are based on a constitutive law given bythe retention curve, which directly relatescapillary pressure to the degree of saturation. Inorder to account for fingering, a gradient modelbased on a phase field approach for deformablepartially saturated porous media is adopted inthis work.The numerical implementation of this newporomechanical model, using the finiteelement method, allows characterizing on theone hand the occurrence of fingering hydraulicinstabilities and on the other one to capturetheir effects on the irreversible, and possibleunstable, deformation of the solid skeleton. Theenvisaged application concerns the behavior offine-grained soils whose dilatant/contractantbehavior is more and more attracting theinterest of the scientific community both in thefields of experimental research and numericalmodeling
Al, Alam Adel F. "Modélisation au sein de la DFT des propriétés des structures électronique et magnétique et de liaison chimique des Hydrures d'Intermétalliques". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403205.
Pełny tekst źródłaBronchart, Quentin. "Développement de méthodes de champs de phase quantitatives et applications à la précipitation homogène dans les alliages binaires". Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/06CERG0302.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this study, quantitative phase field modelings are developped. The quantitative aspect concerns the time and space scales. The aim is to predict at the mesoscale the microstructural evolutions of a homogeneous precipitation in a weakly supersaturated binary alloy. In a first part, the statistical basements of the phenomenological approaches are presented. In this phenomonological framework, we analyse two different cases. First, we calibrate the stochastic equation of evolution of the Allen-Cahn type on a Monte Carlo kinetic. Second, we calibrate the stochastic equation of evolution of the Cahn-Hilliard type on some experimental data that characterize the considered alloy. Finally, the purely phenomenological approach is abandoned and we present a coarse-graining procedure which allows to obtain, starting from a kinetic model defined at the atomic scale, a new formulation for the phase field modeling and its ingredients: density of free energy, mobilities, stochastic terms
Balboa, lópez Hector. "Simulation of thermomechanical properties of U-PuO2 nuclear fuel under irradiation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX108/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this doctoral research is to use a numerical approach to study the impact of irradiation damage on the microstructure of the mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel (MOX). This numerical approach comprises mainly the use of Molecular Dynamics (MD) using empirical potential. Several empirical potentials for $(U,Pu)O_2$ can be found in the literature. The results of these potentials can exhibit significant differences. For this reason an extensive assessment of the main empirical potential found in the literature had to be performed.Five empirical interatomic potentials were assessed in the approximation of rigid ions and pair interactions for the $(U_{1-y},Pu_y)O_2$ solid solution. Simulations were carried out on the structural, thermodynamics and mechanical properties over the full range of plutonium composition, meaning from pure $UO_2$ to pure $PuO_2$ and for temperatures ranging from 300 K up to the melting point. The best results are obtained by potentials referred as Cooper and Potashnikov. The first one reproduces more accurately recommendations for the thermodynamics and mechanical properties exhibiting ductile-like behaviour during crack propagation, whereas the second one gives brittle behaviour at low temperature.From our results from the empirical potentials assessment, we can move to the radiation damage using only two potentials (Cooper and Potashnikov). In order to know the main source of defect during irradiation, MD displacement cascades were simulated. This revealed the damage created due to varying projectile energies. In addition, the Frenkel pair accumulation method was chosen to investigate the dose effect. This method circumvents the highly computing time demanding accumulation of displacement cascade by directly creating their final states, i.e. mainly point defects. Overall, results obtained with both potentials show the same trend. However, kinetics of point defect recombination are significantly slower with Cooper potential implying creation of small disordered region with high energy displacement cascades. The evolution of the primary damage with increasing dose follows the same steps as those found previously in pure $UO_2$. First, point defects are created. Subsequently, they cluster and form small Frank loops, which in turn transform and grow into unfaulted loops. We demonstrate also that increasing temperatures accelerate the production of dislocations shifting their creation to lower doses. The effect of the plutonium content is also evidenced, especially with Cooper potential. It shows that the dislocation density decreases when the plutonium content increases.Although, MD has been described as a molecular microscope due to its ability to discribe accuratily systems of atoms, it has a large drawback that is the short time steps of the order of femto-seconds needed to resolve the atomic vibrations. This limits the time typically few microsecond. In order to invetigate processess, such as, cation diffusion and rare-event annihilation of defects after cascaces, another computational tool is required. Atomistic or object kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) techniques can run for longer timescales than MD. However, for KMC to work accurately, all of the possible inter-state transition mechanisms and their associated rates need to be known a priori. For this reason, the adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) is chosen to overcome these limitations. This method determines the available transition states during simulation. In this way, it takes the system into unforeseen states via complex mechanisms. The power and range of this tool proved to be efficient to discover cation Frenkel pair recombination over a longer periods of time than MD
Walter, Jean-Charles. "Etude numérique des corrections d'échelle au comportement dominant à l'équilibre et hors de l'équilibre". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440099.
Pełny tekst źródłaRasheed, Amer. "Solidification Dendritique de Mélanges Binaires de Métaux sous l'Action de Champs Magnétique: Modélisation, Analyse Mathématique et Numérique". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565743.
Pełny tekst źródłaVernyhora, Iryna. "Modélisation à l'échelle atomique de l'évolution microstructurale dans les alliages Ni-Fe : corrélation entre les propriétés magnétiques et structurales". Phd thesis, Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES022.
Pełny tekst źródłaFe-Ni alloys are widely used due to their interesting fundamental properties which arise from the coexistence of the chemical and magnetic order. The aim of this work was to understand the mutual influence of these two types of ordering on the thermodynamic and kinetic processes in Permalloys (Ni3Fe). From Monte Carlo and Mean Field simulations the effect of the magnetic interactions on the order/disorder transition temperature has been observed, and reciprocally the influence of the chemical interactions on the Curie temperature. The kinetics of the precipitation has been studied by means of the Onsager microdiffusion equation using parameters extracted from ab-initio calculations. These simulations have evidenced the influence of the magnetic interactions on the formation of the stable L12 particles. Both thermodynamic and kinetic investigations have confirmed the importance of taking into account simultaneously both magnetic and chemical interactions. The obtained results agree well with the available experimental data