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Liu, Jingji, Boyang Zhang, Yajun Zhang, and Yiqiang Fan. "Fluid control with hydrophobic pillars in paper-based microfluidics." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 31, no. 12 (2021): 127002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac35c9.
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Abstract Paper-based microfluidics has been widely used in chemical and medical analysis applications. In the conventional paper-based microfluidic approach, fluid is propagating inside the porous structure, and the flow direction of the fluid propagation is usually controlled with the pre-defined hydrophobic barrier (e.g. wax). However, the fluid propagation velocity inside the paper-based microfluidic devices largely depends on the material properties of paper and fluid, the relative control method is rarely reported. In this study, a fluid propagation velocity control method is proposed for paper-based microfluidics: hydrophobic pillar arrays with different configurations were deposited in the microchannels in paper-based microfluidics for flow speed control, the result indicates the deposited hydrophobic pillar arrays can effectively slow down the fluid propagation at different levels and can be used to passively control the fluid propagation inside microchannels for paper-based microfluidics. For the demonstration of the proposed fluid control methods, a paper-based microfluidic device for nitrite test in water was also fabricated. The proposed fluid control method for paper-based microfluidics may have significant importance for applications that involve sequenced reactions and more actuate fluid manipulation.
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Kunjumon, Mekha, Libina Babu, and Aswathy Boss. "Microfluidics Relevant Approaches in Drug Delivery System Treatment of Cancer – A Review." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 09 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37596.
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Microfluidics technology is a promising method for creating advanced drug delivery systems, particularly in cancer detection and treatment. These systems provide accurate, efficient, and user-friendly methods for cancer detection and treatment by examining small samples. Microfluidic devices can produce nanoparticles for medication administration and identify cancer-diagnostic variables from biological fluids. Due to their high sensitivity, high throughput, and low cost, microfluidics may be useful in cancer study. While not currently used in clinical settings, microfluidic systems are expected to replace current technologies as the primary means of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms have shown potential in designing novel procedures for cancer detection, therapy, and disease follow-up, as well as developing new drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. They are also being considered a rising method in natural disease studies due to their small volume and ability to be used in clinical settings.[1,2.3] Keywords: Microfluidics, detection, treatment
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LI, CHIYU, WANG LI, CHUNYANG GENG, HAIJUN REN, XIAOHUI YU, and BO LIU. "MICROFLUIDIC CHIP FOR CANCER CELL DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, no. 01 (2018): 1830001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418300016.
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Since cancer becomes the most deadly disease to our health, research on early detection on cancer cells is necessary for clinical treatment. The combination of microfluidic device with cell biology has shown a unique method for cancer cell research. In the present review, recent development on microfluidic chip for cancer cell detection and diagnosis will be addressed. Some typical microfluidic chips focussed on cancer cells and their advantages for different kinds of cancer cell detection and diagnosis will be listed, and the cell capture methods within the microfluidics will be simultaneously mentioned. Then the potential direction of microfluidic chip on cancer cell detection and diagnosis in the future is also discussed.
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BAI, BOFENG, ZHENGYUAN LUO, TIANJIAN LU, and FENG XU. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CELL ADHESION AND DETACHMENT IN MICROFLUIDICS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 01 (2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413500024.
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Inspired by the complex biophysical processes of cell adhesion and detachment under blood flow in vivo, numerous novel microfluidic devices have been developed to manipulate, capture, and separate bio-particles for various applications, such as cell analysis and cell enumeration. However, the underlying physical mechanisms are yet unclear, which has limited the further development of microfluidic devices and point-of-care (POC) systems. Mathematical modeling is an enabling tool to study the physical mechanisms of biological processes for its relative simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. Recent development in computation technology for multiphase flow simulation enables the theoretical study of the complex flow processes of cell adhesion and detachment in microfluidics. Various mathematical methods (e.g., front tracking method, level set method, volume of fluid (VOF) method, fluid–solid interaction method, and particulate modeling method) have been developed to investigate the effects of cell properties (i.e., cell membrane, cytoplasma, and nucleus), flow conditions, and microchannel structures on cell adhesion and detachment in microfluidic channels. In this paper, with focus on our own simulation results, we review these methods and compare their advantages and disadvantages for cell adhesion/detachment modeling. The mathematical approaches discussed here would allow us to study microfluidics for cell capture and separation, and to develop more effective POC devices for disease diagnostics.
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Xi, Wang, Fang Kong, Joo Chuan Yeo, et al. "Soft tubular microfluidics for 2D and 3D applications." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 40 (2017): 10590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712195114.
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Microfluidics has been the key component for many applications, including biomedical devices, chemical processors, microactuators, and even wearable devices. This technology relies on soft lithography fabrication which requires cleanroom facilities. Although popular, this method is expensive and labor-intensive. Furthermore, current conventional microfluidic chips precludes reconfiguration, making reiterations in design very time-consuming and costly. To address these intrinsic drawbacks of microfabrication, we present an alternative solution for the rapid prototyping of microfluidic elements such as microtubes, valves, and pumps. In addition, we demonstrate how microtubes with channels of various lengths and cross-sections can be attached modularly into 2D and 3D microfluidic systems for functional applications. We introduce a facile method of fabricating elastomeric microtubes as the basic building blocks for microfluidic devices. These microtubes are transparent, biocompatible, highly deformable, and customizable to various sizes and cross-sectional geometries. By configuring the microtubes into deterministic geometry, we enable rapid, low-cost formation of microfluidic assemblies without compromising their precision and functionality. We demonstrate configurable 2D and 3D microfluidic systems for applications in different domains. These include microparticle sorting, microdroplet generation, biocatalytic micromotor, triboelectric sensor, and even wearable sensing. Our approach, termed soft tubular microfluidics, provides a simple, cheaper, and faster solution for users lacking proficiency and access to cleanroom facilities to design and rapidly construct microfluidic devices for their various applications and needs.
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Switalla, Ander, Lael Wentland, and Elain Fu. "3D printing-based microfluidic devices in fabric." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 33, no. 2 (2023): 027001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/acaff1.
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Abstract Fabric-based microfluidics is a growing sub-field of porous materials-based microfluidics. 3D printing has been demonstrated as a useful fabrication method for open channel microfluidic devices, and also in the context of porous substates such as cellulose. In the current report, we describe a straightforward method for 3D printing fabric-based microfluidic devices. We demonstrate the ability to create both full and partial barriers in fabric, characterizing minimum channel and barrier widths, as well as reproducibility of the method using the metric of flow time repeatability through the channels. We discuss considerations specific to 3D printing in fabric including fabric anisotropy, stretching, and nonuniformity. Further, we highlight our fabrication method via the implementation of a colorimetric urea assay.
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Prajitna, Stefanus H., Christian Harito, and Brian Yuliarto. "Cost-Effective Manufacturing of Microfluidics Through the Utilization of Direct Ink Writing." Emerging Science Journal 9, no. 1 (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2025-09-01-01.
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Microfluidics is essential for precise manipulation of fluids in small channels. However, conventional manufacturing processes for microfluidic devices are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized equipment in a clean room. While recent studies have improved the cost-effectiveness of this device, there is still a need for further advancement in cost efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a custom-built direct-ink writing (DIW) printer for manufacturing microfluidic devices that is more affordable. Custom-built DIW directly printed microfluidic channels onto microscope slide glass using RTV (Room Temperature Vulcanizing) silicone sealant. To finish the microfluidics manufacturing, the printed channel will be assembled by placing the same glass on top of the printed layer. This method eliminated the need for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds and casting processes that were still found in recent studies. This innovative $250 (USD) custom-built DIW method takes 15 seconds to print microfluidics channels and showed a significant cost reduction, with each microfluidics device costing only $0.071 (USD) compared to $0.90 (USD) in previous studies. This study makes microfluidics more affordable and accessible for biomedical use. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-01 Full Text: PDF
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Yip, Hon Ming, John C. S. Li, Kai Xie, et al. "Automated Long-Term Monitoring of Parallel Microfluidic Operations Applying a Machine Vision-Assisted Positioning Method." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/608184.
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As microfluidics has been applied extensively in many cell and biochemical applications, monitoring the related processes is an important requirement. In this work, we design and fabricate a high-throughput microfluidic device which contains 32 microchambers to perform automated parallel microfluidic operations and monitoring on an automated stage of a microscope. Images are captured at multiple spots on the device during the operations for monitoring samples in microchambers in parallel; yet the device positions may vary at different time points throughout operations as the device moves back and forth on a motorized microscopic stage. Here, we report an image-based positioning strategy to realign the chamber position before every recording of microscopic image. We fabricate alignment marks at defined locations next to the chambers in the microfluidic device as reference positions. We also develop image processing algorithms to recognize the chamber positions in real-time, followed by realigning the chambers to their preset positions in the captured images. We perform experiments to validate and characterize the device functionality and the automated realignment operation. Together, this microfluidic realignment strategy can be a platform technology to achieve precise positioning of multiple chambers for general microfluidic applications requiring long-term parallel monitoring of cell and biochemical activities.
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Soitu, Cristian, Alexander Feuerborn, Cyril Deroy, Alfonso A. Castrejón-Pita, Peter R. Cook, and Edmond J. Walsh. "Raising fluid walls around living cells." Science Advances 5, no. 6 (2019): eaav8002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav8002.
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An effective transformation of the cell culture dishes that biologists use every day into microfluidic devices would open many avenues for miniaturizing cell-based workflows. In this article, we report a simple method for creating microfluidic arrangements around cells already growing on the surface of standard petri dishes, using the interface between immiscible fluids as a “building material.” Conventional dishes are repurposed into sophisticated microfluidic devices by reshaping, on demand, the fluid structures around living cells. Moreover, these microfluidic arrangements can be further reconfigured during experiments, which is impossible with most existing microfluidic platforms. The method is demonstrated using workflows involving cell cloning, the selection of a particular clone from among others in a dish, drug treatments, and wound healing. The versatility of the approach and its biologically friendly aspects may hasten uptake by biologists of microfluidics, so the technology finally fulfills its potential.
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Hamad, Eyad M., Ahmed Albagdady, Samer Al-Gharabli, et al. "Optimizing Rapid Prototype Development Through Femtosecond Laser Ablation and Finite Element Method Simulation for Enhanced Separation in Microfluidics." Journal of Nanofluids 12, no. 7 (2023): 1868–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2023.2102.
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In recent years, microfluidic systems have emerged as promising tools for blood separation and analysis. However, conventional methods for prototyping microfluidic systems can be slow and expensive. In this study, we present a novel approach to rapid prototyping that combines femtosecond laser ablation and finite element method (FEM) simulation. The optimization of the prototyping process was achieved through systematic characterization of the laser ablation process and the application of FEM simulation to predict the flow behavior of the microfluidic devices. Using a dean-coupled inertial flow device (DCIFD) that comprises one channel bend and three outlets side-channels. DCIF is a phenomenon that occurs in curved microfluidic channels and is considered by the existence of inconsequential flow patterns perpendicular to the main flow direction. The DCIF can enhance the separation efficiency in microfluidic devices by inducing lateral migration of particles or cells towards specific locations along the channel. This lateral migration can be controlled by adjusting the curvature and dimensions of the channel, as well as the flow rate and properties of the fluid. Overall, DCIF can provide a valuable means of achieving efficient and high-throughput separation of particles or cells in microfluidic devices. Therefore, various microfluidics designs that contain different outlet channels were studied in this research to improve blood plasma separation efficiency. Results from imitated blood flow experiments showed positive results for fluid flow and particle separation. The study also found that incorporating three various channel widths is the key to achieving efficient plasma separation, indicating that this result could serve as a guideline for future microfluidics geometry specifications in the field of blood plasma separation. According to the FEM simulation, the highest separation percentage for both microparticle sizes was obtained by incorporating a variable outlet channel width into the same microfluidic device. The FEM simulation revealed that around 95% of the larger microparticles separated while 98% of the smaller microparticles separated. This is consistent with the imitated blood separation results, which showed that 91% of the larger microparticles separated and around 93% of the smaller microparticles were separated. Overall, our results demonstrate that the combination of femtosecond laser ablation and FEM simulation significantly improved the prototyping speed and efficiency while maintaining high blood separation performance.
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Acosta-Cuevas, José M., Mario A. García-Ramírez, Gabriela Hinojosa-Ventura, Álvaro J. Martínez-Gómez, Víctor H. Pérez-Luna, and Orfil González-Reynoso. "Surface Roughness Analysis of Microchannels Featuring Microfluidic Devices Fabricated by Three Different Materials and Methods." Coatings 13, no. 10 (2023): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101676.
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In recent years, the utilization of microfluidic devices for precise manipulation of small flows has significantly increased. The effective management of microfluidics is closely associated with microchannel fabrication. The fabrication method employed for microfluidic devices directly impacts the roughness of the microchannels, consequently influencing the flows within them. In this study, the surface roughness of microchannels was investigated through three different fabrication processes: PDMS lithography, PLA printing, and UV resin printing. This research compared and analyzed the surface roughness of the microchannels fabricated using these methods. Furthermore, supported by a dynamic fluid simulator, the impact of surface roughness on flow behavior was shown. Results reveal varying degrees of roughness prominence in curved regions. Comparing microfluidic device fabrication techniques is crucial to optimize the process, control roughness, analyze flow rates, and select a proper material to be used in the development of microfluidic devices.
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Bogseth, Amanda, Jian Zhou, and Ian Papautsky. "Evaluation of Performance and Tunability of a Co-Flow Inertial Microfluidic Device." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030287.
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Microfluidics has gained a lot of attention for biological sample separation and purification methods over recent years. From many active and passive microfluidic techniques, inertial microfluidics offers a simple and efficient method to demonstrate various biological applications. One prevalent limitation of this method is its lack of tunability for different applications once the microfluidic devices are fabricated. In this work, we develop and characterize a co-flow inertial microfluidic device that is tunable in multiple ways for adaptation to different application requirements. In particular, flow rate, flow rate ratio and output resistance ratio are systematically evaluated for flexibility of the cutoff size of the device and modification of the separation performance post-fabrication. Typically, a mixture of single size particles is used to determine cutoff sizes for the outlets, yet this fails to provide accurate prediction for efficiency and purity for a more complex biological sample. Thus, we use particles with continuous size distribution (2–32 μm) for separation demonstration under conditions of various flow rates, flow rate ratios and resistance ratios. We also use A549 cancer cell line with continuous size distribution (12–27 μm) as an added demonstration. Our results indicate inertial microfluidic devices possess the tunability that offers multiple ways to improve device performance for adaptation to different applications even after the devices are prototyped.
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Khodamoradi, Maedeh, Saeed Rafizadeh Tafti, Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh, Behrouz Aflatoonian, Mostafa Azimzadeh, and Patricia Khashayar. "Recent Microfluidic Innovations for Sperm Sorting." Chemosensors 9, no. 6 (2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060126.
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Sperm selection is a clinical need for guided fertilization in men with low-quality semen. In this regard, microfluidics can provide an enabling platform for the precise manipulation and separation of high-quality sperm cells through applying various stimuli, including chemical agents, mechanical forces, and thermal gradients. In addition, microfluidic platforms can help to guide sperms and oocytes for controlled in vitro fertilization or sperm sorting using both passive and active methods. Herein, we present a detailed review of the use of various microfluidic methods for sorting and categorizing sperms for different applications. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are further discussed and future perspectives in the field are given.
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Zeng, Jin, Hang Xu, Ze-Rui Song, et al. "High Frequency and Addressable Impedance Measurement System for On-Site Droplet Analysis in Digital Microfluidics." Electronics 13, no. 14 (2024): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142810.
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Digital microfluidics is a novel technique for manipulating discrete droplets with the advantages of programmability, small device size, low cost, and easy integration. The development of droplet sensing methods advances the automation control of digital microfluidics. Impedance measurement emerges as a promising technique for droplet localization and characterization due to its non-invasive nature, high sensitivity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. However, traditional impedance measurement approaches in digital microfluidics based on the high-voltage actuating signal are limited in sensing accuracy in practical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel droplet impedance sensing system for digital microfluidics by introducing a low-voltage and addressable measurement circuit, which enables impedance measurement over a wide frequency range. The proposed measurement system has also been used for detecting the droplet composition, size, and position in a digital microfluidic chip. The improved impedance sensing method can also promote the applications of the digital microfluidic, which requires high accuracy, real-time, and contactless sensing with automatic sample pretreatment.
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You, Jae Bem, Byungjin Lee, Yunho Choi, et al. "Nanoadhesive layer to prevent protein absorption in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device." BioTechniques 69, no. 1 (2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2020-0025.
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Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used as a microfluidics platform material; however, it absorbs various molecules, perturbing specific chemical concentrations in microfluidic channels. We present a simple solution to prevent adsorption into a PDMS microfluidic device. We used a vapor-phase-deposited nanoadhesive layer to seal PDMS microfluidic channels. Absorption of fluorescent molecules into PDMS was efficiently prevented in the nanolayer-treated PDMS device. Importantly, when cultured in a nanolayer-treated PDMS device, yeast cells exhibited the expected concentration-dependent response to a mating pheromone, including mating-specific morphological and gene expression changes, while yeast cultured in an untreated PDMS device did not properly respond to the pheromone. Our method greatly expands microfluidic applications that require precise control of molecule concentrations.
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Obaid, Rusl Mahdi, and Khdeeja Jabbar Ali. "New Spectrophotometric Reduction–Oxidation System for Methyldopa Determination in Different Pharmaceutical Models." Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis 19, no. 1 (2024): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/moca.2024.45-53.
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Two spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of methyldopa in the pure form and pharmaceutical formulations, both two methods based on the oxidation of the drug with an excess of N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) and then reduction with 3,3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), Absorbance of the resulting Magenta colored product is measured at 513 nm, the linearity ranged between (0.5 to 10) mg L−1 for the first spectroscopy method, and (0.5 to 15) mg L−1 for the second microfluid method. The detection limits (LOD) are 0.171, and 0.180 μg mL-1 for methyldopa in two methods spectroscopies, and microfluidic respectively. The limits of quantities (LOQ) are 0.571, and 0.600 μg mL-1 for methyldopa in two methods spectroscopies, and microfluidic respectively. The molar absorptivity (Ɛ) 2.58 ×104, 2.112×103 L mol-1 cm-1 for methyldopa in two methods spectroscopies, and microfluidic respectively. No interference was observed from common excipients in formulations. The results show a simple, accurate, fast, and readily applied method to the determination of methyldopa in pharmaceutical products. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of the drug in their pharmaceutical formulations.
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Arebalo, Raymond J., Augustin J. Sanchez, and Nathan Tompkins. "Same Day Microfluidics: From Design to Device in Under Three Hours." Nanomanufacturing 5, no. 3 (2025): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing5030009.
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Microfluidic devices are used in numerous scientific fields and research areas, but device fabrication is still a time- and resource-intensive process largely confined to the cleanroom or a similarly well-equipped laboratory. This paper presents a method to create microfluidic devices in under three hours using the silicone polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a laser cut positive master using PDMS double casting without a cleanroom or other large capital equipment. This method can be utilized by an undergraduate student with minimal training in a laboratory with a modest budget. This paper presents “Same Day Microfluidics” as a fabrication method accessible to research groups not currently fabricating their own microfluidic devices and as an option for established research groups to more quickly create prototype devices. The method is described in detail with timing, materials, and technical considerations for each step and demonstrated in the context of a Y-channel coflow device.
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Yuan, Rodger, Jaemyon Lee, Hao-Wei Su, et al. "Microfluidics in structured multimaterial fibers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 46 (2018): E10830—E10838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809459115.
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Traditional fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices utilize a planar chip format that possesses limited control over the geometry of and materials placement around microchannel cross-sections. This imposes restrictions on the design of flow fields and external forces (electric, magnetic, piezoelectric, etc.) that can be imposed onto fluids and particles. Here we report a method of fabricating microfluidic channels with complex cross-sections. A scaled-up version of a microchannel is dimensionally reduced through a thermal drawing process, enabling the fabrication of meters-long microfluidic fibers with nonrectangular cross-sectional shapes, such as crosses, five-pointed stars, and crescents. In addition, by codrawing compatible materials, conductive domains can be integrated at arbitrary locations along channel walls. We validate this technology by studying unexplored regimes in hydrodynamic flow and by designing a high-throughput cell separation device. By enabling these degrees of freedom in microfluidic device design, fiber microfluidics provides a method to create microchannel designs that are inaccessible using planar techniques.
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Cai, Jianchen, Jiaxi Jiang, Jinyun Jiang, et al. "Fabrication of Transparent and Flexible Digital Microfluidics Devices." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (2022): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040498.
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This study proposed a fabrication method for thin, film-based, transparent, and flexible digital microfluidic devices. A series of characterizations were also conducted with the fabricated digital microfluidic devices. For the device fabrication, the electrodes were patterned by laser ablation of 220 nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layer on a 175 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The electrodes were insulated with a layer of 12 μm-thick polyethylene (PE) film as the dielectric layer, and finally, a surface treatment was conducted on PE film in order to enhance the hydrophobicity. The whole digital microfluidic device has a total thickness of less than 200 μm and is nearly transparent in the visible range. The droplet manipulation with the proposed digital microfluidic device was also achieved. In addition, a series of characterization studies were conducted as follows: the contact angles under different driving voltages, the leakage current density across the patterned electrodes, and the minimum driving voltage with different control algorithms and droplet volume were measured and discussed. The UV–VIS spectrum of the proposed digital microfluidic devices was also provided in order to verify the transparency of the fabricated device. Compared with conventional methods for the fabrication of digital microfluidic devices, which usually have opaque metal/carbon electrodes, the proposed transparent and flexible digital microfluidics could have significant advantages for the observation of the droplets on the digital microfluidic device, especially for colorimetric analysis using the digital microfluidic approach.
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Gao, Feng, Haoyu Sun, Xiang Li, and Pingnian He. "Leveraging avidin-biotin interaction to quantify permeability property of microvessels-on-a-chip networks." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 322, no. 1 (2022): H71—H86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00478.2021.
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Our study developed a novel method that allows permeability coefficient to be measured in microvessels developed in nonpermeable microfluidic platforms using avidin-biotin technology. It overcomes the major limitation of nonpermeable microfluidic system and provides a simply designed easily executed and highly reproducible in vitro microvessel model with permeability accessibility. This model with in vivo-like endothelial junctions, glycocalyx, and permeability properties advances microfluidics in microvascular research, suitable for a wide range of biomedical and clinical applications.
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Zhao, Xihong, Mei Li, and Yao Liu. "Microfluidic-Based Approaches for Foodborne Pathogen Detection." Microorganisms 7, no. 10 (2019): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100381.
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Food safety is of obvious importance, but there are frequent problems caused by foodborne pathogens that threaten the safety and health of human beings worldwide. Although the most classic method for detecting bacteria is the plate counting method, it takes almost three to seven days to get the bacterial results for the detection. Additionally, there are many existing technologies for accurate determination of pathogens, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), but they are not suitable for timely and rapid on-site detection due to time-consuming pretreatment, complex operations and false positive results. Therefore, an urgent goal remains to determine how to quickly and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of foodborne diseases that are harmful to humans. As an alternative, microfluidic devices with miniaturization, portability and low cost have been introduced for pathogen detection. In particular, the use of microfluidic technologies is a promising direction of research for this purpose. Herein, this article systematically reviews the use of microfluidic technology for the rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens. First, microfluidic technology is introduced, including the basic concepts, background, and the pros and cons of different starting materials for specific applications. Next, the applications and problems of microfluidics for the detection of pathogens are discussed. The current status and different applications of microfluidic-based technologies to distinguish and identify foodborne pathogens are described in detail. Finally, future trends of microfluidics in food safety are discussed to provide the necessary foundation for future research efforts.
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Tanjaya, Hengky, and Christian Harito. "Integrating Microfluidic and Biosensors: A Mini Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2705, no. 1 (2024): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2705/1/012018.
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Abstract In recent years, the field of analytical research has witnessed a significant transformation driven by the emergence of integrated microfluidic sensors. This ground-breaking technology has been extensively studied, resulting in the resolution of diverse challenges and a revolutionary impact on experiments, particularly in the biomedical domain. By combining the biosensors with microfluidics, there is a tremendous potential to enhance measurement accuracy and expand the capacity of specimens utilized in biomedical applications and experiments. The integration of biosensors with microfluidics enables effective sample separation, precise control over chemical reactions, and the measurement of various critical parameters. Furthermore, the primary objective of this research is to identify gaps in the existing literature concerning integrated microfluidic sensors. This pursuit involves employing comprehensive bibliometric analysis and conducting a systematic literature review of Scopus-indexed publications that are relevant to the field of integrated microfluidic sensors. PRISMA method was being used to filter the documents that are gathered from Scopus database. The outcomes of this study underscore the pressing need for further research in leveraging electrochemical sensors for specimen analysis by integrating them with the advanced technique of microfluidics. The paper emphasizes the significance of continuous research and development efforts in the realm of integrated microfluidic sensors to fully exploit the potential of electrochemical sensors and enhance the overall research process.
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Ahmed, Isteaque, Katherine Sullivan, and Aashish Priye. "Multi-Resin Masked Stereolithography (MSLA) 3D Printing for Rapid and Inexpensive Prototyping of Microfluidic Chips with Integrated Functional Components." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (2022): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080652.
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Stereolithography based 3D printing of microfluidics for prototyping has gained a lot of attention due to several advantages such as fast production, cost-effectiveness, and versatility over traditional photolithography-based microfabrication techniques. However, existing consumer focused SLA 3D printers struggle to fabricate functional microfluidic devices due to several challenges associated with micron-scale 3D printing. Here, we explore the origins and mechanism of the associated failure modes followed by presenting guidelines to overcome these challenges. The prescribed method works completely with existing consumer class inexpensive SLA printers without any modifications to reliably print PDMS cast microfluidic channels with channel sizes as low as ~75 μm and embedded channels with channel sizes as low ~200 μm. We developed a custom multi-resin formulation by incorporating Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and Ethylene glycol polyether acrylate (EGPEA) as the monomer units to achieve micron sized printed features with tunable mechanical and optical properties. By incorporating multiple resins with different mechanical properties, we were able to achieve spatial control over the stiffness of the cured resin enabling us to incorporate both flexible and rigid components within a single 3D printed microfluidic chip. We demonstrate the utility of this technique by 3D printing an integrated pressure-actuated pneumatic valve (with flexible cured resin) in an otherwise rigid and clear microfluidic device that can be fabricated in a one-step process from a single CAD file. We also demonstrate the utility of this technique by integrating a fully functional finger-actuated microfluidic pump. The versatility and accessibility of the demonstrated fabrication method have the potential to reduce our reliance on expensive and time-consuming photolithographic techniques for microfluidic chip fabrication and thus drastically lowering our barrier to entry in microfluidics research.
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James, Matthew, Richard A. Revia, Zachary Stephen, and Miqin Zhang. "Microfluidic Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (2020): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112113.
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Research efforts into the production and application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in recent decades have shown IONPs to be promising for a range of biomedical applications. Many synthesis techniques have been developed to produce high-quality IONPs that are safe for in vivo environments while also being able to perform useful biological functions. Among them, coprecipitation is the most commonly used method but has several limitations such as polydisperse IONPs, long synthesis times, and batch-to-batch variations. Recent efforts at addressing these limitations have led to the development of microfluidic devices that can make IONPs of much-improved quality. Here, we review recent advances in the development of microfluidic devices for the synthesis of IONPs by coprecipitation. We discuss the main architectures used in microfluidic device design and highlight the most prominent manufacturing methods and materials used to construct these microfluidic devices. Finally, we discuss the benefits that microfluidics can offer to the coprecipitation synthesis process including the ability to better control various synthesis parameters and produce IONPs with high production rates.
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Adamopoulos, Christos, Asmaysinh Gharia, Ali Niknejad, Vladimir Stojanović, and Mekhail Anwar. "Microfluidic Packaging Integration with Electronic-Photonic Biosensors Using 3D Printed Transfer Molding." Biosensors 10, no. 11 (2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10110177.
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Multiplexed sensing in integrated silicon electronic-photonic platforms requires microfluidics with both high density micro-scale channels and meso-scale features to accommodate for optical, electrical, and fluidic coupling in small, millimeter-scale areas. Three-dimensional (3D) printed transfer molding offers a facile and rapid method to create both micro and meso-scale features in complex multilayer microfluidics in order to integrate with monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chips with multiplexed rows of 5 μm radius micro-ring resonators (MRRs), allowing for simultaneous optical, electrical, and microfluidic coupling on chip. Here, we demonstrate this microfluidic packaging strategy on an integrated silicon photonic biosensor, setting the basis for highly multiplexed molecular sensing on-chip.
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Yang, Ning, Pan Wang, Chen Pan, Chang-Hua Xiang, Liang-Liang Xie, and Han-Ping Mao. "Compensation method of error caused from maladjustment of optical path based on microfluidic chip." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 34n36 (2018): 1840081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491840081x.
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Photometric detection plays a significant role in microfluidics technology. However, the mismatch between the solution concentration and the optical path length will increase detection error. In this study, we proposed a round microfluidic chip for concentration detection to obtain the continuous gradient distribution of concentration. The optimum absorbance can be found by dynamic accurately searching. The solution concentration will be accurately calculated finally according to the relationship between arc length and solution concentration. The overall detection process runs automatically. Under the optimization of injection velocity and concentration, the experimental result shows that the compensation ratio increases as the solution concentration increases. The compensation ratio in the detection of pesticide residue has already reached 14.22% and the reproducibility is acceptable. Therefore, this novel method lays the theoretical foundation for the research of high precision microfluidic photometric detection equipment.
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Abrishamkar, Afshin, Azadeh Nilghaz, Maryam Saadatmand, Mohammadreza Naeimirad, and Andrew J. deMello. "Microfluidic-assisted fiber production: Potentials, limitations, and prospects." Biomicrofluidics 16, no. 6 (2022): 061504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0129108.
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Besides the conventional fiber production methods, microfluidics has emerged as a promising approach for the engineered spinning of fibrous materials and offers excellent potential for fiber manufacturing in a controlled and straightforward manner. This method facilitates low-speed prototype synthesis of fibers for diverse applications while providing superior control over reaction conditions, efficient use of precursor solutions, reagent mixing, and process parameters. This article reviews recent advances in microfluidic technology for the fabrication of fibrous materials with different morphologies and a variety of properties aimed at various applications. First, the basic principles, as well as the latest developments and achievements of microfluidic-based techniques for fiber production, are introduced. Specifically, microfluidic platforms made of glass, polymers, and/or metals, including but not limited to microfluidic chips, capillary-based devices, and three-dimensional printed devices are summarized. Then, fiber production from various materials, such as alginate, gelatin, silk, collagen, and chitosan, using different microfluidic platforms with a broad range of cross-linking agents and mechanisms is described. Therefore, microfluidic spun fibers with diverse diameters ranging from submicrometer scales to hundreds of micrometers and structures, such as cylindrical, hollow, grooved, flat, core–shell, heterogeneous, helical, and peapod-like morphologies, with tunable sizes and mechanical properties are discussed in detail. Subsequently, the practical applications of microfluidic spun fibers are highlighted in sensors for biomedical or optical purposes, scaffolds for culture or encapsulation of cells in tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Finally, different limitations and challenges of the current microfluidic technologies, as well as the future perspectives and concluding remarks, are presented.
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MORDUS, O. N., A. V. MARDAS, and I. M. KARPEYCHICK. "MICROFLUIDICS AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF SPERM PROCESSING TO IMPROVE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ART) OUTCOMES." MODERN PERINATAL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY, no. 17 (December 2024): 151–57. https://doi.org/10.63030/2307-4795/2024.17.a.22.
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An important stage in the development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is the introduction of new methods for both fertilization and sperm selection into clinical practice. This article presents a comparative analysis of IVF/ICSI protocols using different sperm selection technologies. The clinical outcomes of cycles employing gradient centrifugation method (GCM), vertical microfluidics method (MVM) using the microfluidic chip Fertile Plus, and horizontal microfluidics method (MHM) were evaluated based on fertilization rates, quality, and quantity of embryos by the fifth day of cultivation. Additionally, data on implantation rates and pregnancy rates were utilized. This research is being conducted for the first time in the Republic of Belarus.
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Wang, Ji-Xiang, Wei Yu, Zhe Wu, Xiangdong Liu, and Yongping Chen. "Physics-based statistical learning perspectives on droplet formation characteristics in microfluidic cross-junctions." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 20 (2022): 204101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086933.
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Size-controllable micro-droplets obtained in microfluidic cross-junctions are significant in microfluidics. Modeling and predictions in microfluidic-based droplet formation characteristics to date using various traditional theoretical or empirical correlations are far from satisfactory. Driven by unprecedented data volumes from microfluidic experiments and simulations, statistical learning can offer a powerful technique to extract data that can be interpreted into underlying fluid physics and modeling. This Letter historically combines the current experimental data and experimental/numerical data from previous publications as a microfluidics-based droplet formation characteristics database. Two supervised statistical learning algorithms, deep neural network and factorization-machine-based neural network (Deep-FM), were established to model and predict the formed droplet size in microfluidic cross-junctions. As a newly developed statistical learning code in 2017, the Deep-FM manifests a better prediction performance, where the average relative error was only 4.09% and nearly 98% of the data points had individual relative errors of 10% or less. Such high accuracy can be attributed to the outstanding interactions between high-order and low-order features of the Deep-FM framework. Another innovation in this Letter lies in the training dataset shrinkage and optimization without sacrificing the prediction accuracy. Such a method pioneers statistical learning algorithms in small-sample modeling problems, which is different from big data modeling and analyses. The improved statistical learning proposed in this Letter provides universal high-accuracy modeling for microfluidic-based droplet characteristics prediction, which can be an influential data-processing framework that can boost and probably transform current lines of microfluidic physics research and industrial applications.
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Nguyen, Duong Thanh, Van Thi Thanh Tran, Huy Trung Nguyen, Hong Thi Cao, Thai Quoc Vu, and Dung Quang Trinh. "Preparation of microfluidics device from PMMA for liposome synthesis." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (2023): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16577.
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Microfluidics has emerged in recent years as a technology that has advantages and is well suited for studying chemistry, biology, and physics at the microscale. A common material which has been widely use to fabricate the microfluidic system is thermoplastic materials. The method of fabricating microfluidic devices has been growing because of advantages such as high-quality feature replication, inexpensiveness, and ease of use. However, the major barrier to the utilization of thermoplastics is the lack of bonding methods for different plastic layers to close the microchannels. Therefore, this study focused on fabricating a microfluidic device on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plates by laser engraving. The bonding technique for plastic layers has relied on the application of small amounts of ethanol with conditions of low temperatures (100 ⁰C), and relatively low pressures (5 tons) for 2 minutes. With this technique, the microfluidic device is created to operate stably, without leakage or cracking even under high pressure. The microfluidic device was applied to synthesize liposomes with a 5:1 ratio of syringe pump velocity between water and lipid solution. The size of liposomes after synthesis is 109.64 ± 4.62 nm (mean ± sd) and the PDI is in accordance with standard conditions (PDI < 0.200).
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Tian, Yishen, Rong Hu, Guangshi Du, and Na Xu. "Microfluidic Chips: Emerging Technologies for Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (2023): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040877.
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Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a personalized therapy that has shown great success in treating hematologic malignancies in clinic, and has also demonstrated potential applications for solid tumors. The process of ACT involves multiple steps, including the separation of desired cells from patient tissues, cell engineering by virus vector systems, and infusion back into patients after strict tests to guarantee the quality and safety of the products. ACT is an innovative medicine in development; however, the multi-step method is time-consuming and costly, and the preparation of the targeted adoptive cells remains a challenge. Microfluidic chips are a novel platform with the advantages of manipulating fluid in micro/nano scales, and have been developed for various biological research applications as well as ACT. The use of microfluidics to isolate, screen, and incubate cells in vitro has the advantages of high throughput, low cell damage, and fast amplification rates, which can greatly simplify ACT preparation steps and reduce costs. Moreover, the customizable microfluidic chips fit the personalized demands of ACT. In this mini-review, we describe the advantages and applications of microfluidic chips for cell sorting, cell screening, and cell culture in ACT compared to other existing methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential outcomes of future microfluidics-related work in ACT.
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Peñaherrera-Pazmiño, Ana Belén, Gustavo Rosero, Dario Ruarte, et al. "Activation and Expansion of Human T-Cells Using Microfluidic Devices." Biosensors 15, no. 5 (2025): 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050270.
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Treatment of cancer patients with autologous T-cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is one of the most promising therapeutic modalities for hematological malignancy treatment. For this treatment, primary T-cell expansion is needed. Microfluidic technologies can be used to better understand T-cell activation and proliferation. Microfluidics have had a meaningful impact in the way experimental biology and biomedical research are approached in general. Furthermore, microfluidic technology allows the generation of large amounts of data and enables the use of image processing for analysis. However, one of the major technical hurdles involved in growing suspension cells under microfluidic conditions is their immobilization, to avoid washing them out of the microfluidic chip during medium renewal. In this work, we use a multilevel microfluidic chip to successfully capture and immobilize suspension cells. Jurkat cells and T-cells are isolated through traps to microscopically track their development and proliferation after activation over a period of 8 days. The T-cell area of four independent microchannels was compared and there is no statistically significant difference between them (ANOVA p-value = 0.976). These multilevel microfluidic chips provide a new method of studying T-cell activation.
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Kotz, Frederik, Markus Mader, Nils Dellen, et al. "Fused Deposition Modeling of Microfluidic Chips in Polymethylmethacrylate." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090873.
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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most important thermoplastic materials and is a widely used material in microfluidics. However, PMMA is usually structured using industrial scale replication processes, such as hot embossing or injection molding, not compatible with rapid prototyping. In this work, we demonstrate that microfluidic chips made from PMMA can be 3D printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM). We demonstrate that using FDM microfluidic chips with a minimum channel cross-section of ~300 µm can be printed and a variety of different channel geometries and mixer structures are shown. The optical transparency of the chips is shown to be significantly enhanced by printing onto commercial PMMA substrates. The use of such commercial PMMA substrates also enables the integration of PMMA microstructures into the printed chips, by first generating a microstructure on the PMMA substrates, and subsequently printing the PMMA chip around the microstructure. We further demonstrate that protein patterns can be generated within previously printed microfluidic chips by employing a method of photobleaching. The FDM printing of microfluidic chips in PMMA allows the use of one of microfluidics’ most used industrial materials on the laboratory scale and thus significantly simplifies the transfer from results gained in the lab to an industrial product.
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Kaal, Joris, Nicolas Feltin, Marc Lelong, et al. "Comparison of Measurement Protocols for Internal Channels of Transparent Microfluidic Devices." Metrology 5, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology5010004.
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The microfluidic industry faces a significant challenge due to the lack of sensitive and standardized methods. One critical need is the measurement of internal channel dimensions in fully assembled chips. This study presents and compares several protocols for measuring these dimensions, including optical profilometry, optical microscopy, and tiled digital imagery. Standardized chips made from two materials commonly used in microfluidics (borosilicate glass and Cyclic Olefin Copolymer) were evaluated using each protocol. A consistency analysis using normalized error statistics identified optical profilometry as the most reliable method, offering the lowest uncertainty and the highest consistency with nominal geometry values. However, all protocols encountered difficulties with vertical depth measurements of internal structures. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations, including investigating the influence of multiple refractive surfaces on optical profilometry and exploring confocal microscopy. In conclusion, this work provides a comprehensive comparison of measurement protocols for internal microfluidic structures and offers a practical solution for applications in the microfluidic industry, while also identifying important directions for future research.
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Liu, Xiao Wei, Xiao Wei Han, He Zhang, Xi Yun Jiang, and Lin Zhao. "A Microfluidic Chip Microwave Bonding Method Based on the PMMA." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.561.
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A new bonding technique mainly for PMMA microfluidic chips is presented in this paper. In this technique, polymer microfluidic microchannels were bonded by microwave radiation. Its strength and time can be controlled accurately in watt and second level. There are so many techniques for mass-production of polymer microfluidic chip, such as heat bonding, ultrasonic bonding. However, we may find different kinds of shortages when we use these techniques. In this paper, the experiment result shows that microwave radiation’s strength and time have effects on microfluidic chip`s bonding strength. The microwave absorbing coating can also have a certain degree influence on microfluidic chip`s bonding strength.
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Hu, Zengliang, Minghai Li, and Xiaohui Jia. "Process Study on 3D Printing of Polymethyl Methacrylate Microfluidic Chips for Chemical Engineering." Micromachines 16, no. 4 (2025): 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16040385.
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Microfluidic technology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that uses micropipes to handle or manipulate tiny fluids in chemistry, fluid physics, and biomedical engineering. As one of the rapid prototyping methods, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique, which is rapid and cost-effective and has integrated molding characteristics, has become an important manufacturing technology for microfluidic chips. Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), as an exceptional thermoplastic material, has found widespread application in the field of microfluidics. This paper presents a comprehensive process study on the fabrication of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printed PMMA microfluidic chips (chips), encompassing finite element numerical analysis studies, orthogonal process parameter optimization experiments, and the application of 3D-printed integrated microfluidic reactors in the reaction between copper ions and ammonium hydroxide. In this work, a thermal stress finite element model shows that the printing platform temperature was a significant printing parameter to prevent warping and delamination in the 3D printing process. A single printing molding technique is employed to fabricate microfluidic chips with square cross-sectional dimensions reduced to 200 μm, and the microchannels exhibited no clogging or leakage. The orthogonal experimental method of 3D-printed PMMA microchannels was carried out, and the optimized printing parameter resulted in a reduction in the microchannel profile to Ra 1.077 μm. Finally, a set of chemical reaction experiments of copper ions and ammonium hydroxide are performed in a 3D-printed microreactor. Furthermore, a color data graph of copper hydroxide is obtained. This study provides a cheap and high-quality research method for future research in water quality detection and chemical engineering.
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Katherine, S. Elvira, and Fabrice Gielen. "Materials and methods for droplet microfluidic device fabrication." Lab on a Chip, no. 22 (October 2, 2024): 859. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1lc00836f.
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Since the first reports two decades ago, droplet-based systems have emerged as a compelling tool for microbiological and (bio)chemical science, with droplet flow providing multiple advantages over standard single-phase microfluidics such as removal of Taylor dispersion, enhanced mixing, isolation of droplet contents from surfaces, and the ability to contain and address individual cells or biomolecules. Typically, a droplet microfluidic device is designed to produce droplets with well-defined sizes and compositions that flow through the device without interacting with channel walls. Successful droplet flow is fundamentally dependent on the microfluidic device – not only its geometry but moreover how the channel surfaces interact with the fluids. Here we summarise the materials and fabrication techniques required to make microfluidic devices that deliver controlled uniform droplet flow, looking not just at physical fabrication methods, but moreover how to select and modify surfaces to yield the required surface/fluid interactions. We describe the various materials, surface modification techniques, and channel geometry approaches that can be used, and give examples of the decision process when determining which material or method to use by describing the design process for five different devices with applications ranging from field- deployable chemical analysers to water-in-water droplet creation. Finally we consider how droplet microfluidic device fabrication is changing and will change in the future, and what challenges remain to be addressed in the field.
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Md Sahin Ali. "Machine Learning-Based Computational Framework for Microfluidic Device Design and Simulation." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 28s (2025): 100–116. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i28s.4296.
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To overcome the limits of traditional microfluidic design, this study provides a unique framework that combines machine learning with CFD simulations to expedite development and increase performance. By utilizing Random Forest algorithms, we developed a predictive model that analyzes a vast dataset derived from CFD simulations, capturing the complex fluid behavior within microfluidic systems. The integration of machine learning enables the prediction of key performance metrics, significantly reducing the time and computational resources traditionally required for design optimization. This method not only enhances the accuracy of device performance predictions but also offers a scalable framework for testing various design parameters efficiently. The results highlight the potential of machine learning to improve the precision and speed of microfluidic device development, making it a valuable tool for industries like biotechnology, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. By addressing the challenges in simulating and optimizing microfluidic flow, this study provides a foundation for future innovations in lab-on-a-chip technologies, paving the way for more cost-effective and customizable devices. The proposed method offers a promising solution to accelerate research and development in microfluidics, with wide-reaching applications in diverse scientific and industrial fields.
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Mudrik, Jared M., Michael D. M. Dryden, Nelson M. Lafrenière, and Aaron R. Wheeler. "Strong and small: strong cation-exchange solid-phase extractions using porous polymer monoliths on a digital microfluidic platform." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 3 (2014): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0506.
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We present the first method for digital microfluidics-based strong cation-exchange solid-phase extractions. Digital microfluidics is a microscale fluid handling technique in which liquid droplets are actuated over an array of electrodes by electrodynamic forces. Strong cation exchange has gained considerable importance in the field of proteomics as a separation mode for protein and peptide extractions. The marriage of these two techniques is achieved by incorporating sulphonate-functionalised porous polymer monolith discs onto digital microfluidic chips. By manipulating sample and solvent droplets onto and off of these porous polymer monoliths, proteins and peptides are extracted by controlling solution pH and ionic strength. This novel microscale extraction method has efficiency comparable to commercially available strong cation-exchange ZipTips and is highly effective for sample cleanup. We anticipate that this digital microfluidic strong cation-exchange extraction technique will prove useful for microscale proteomic analyses and other applications requiring separation of cationic compounds.
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Peng, Xing Yue (Larry), Pengxiang Su, Yaxin Guo, Jing Zhang, Linghan Peng, and Rongrong Zhang. "A Microfluidic Experimental Method for Studying Cell-to-Cell Exosome Delivery–Taking Stem Cell–Tumor Cell Interaction as a Case." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17 (2023): 13419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713419.
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Cell-to-cell communication must occur through molecular transport in the intercellular fluid space. Nanoparticles, such as exosomes, diffuse or move more slowly in fluids than small molecules. To find a microfluidic technology for real-time exosome experiments on intercellular communication between living cells, we use the microfluidic culture dish’s quaternary ultra-slow microcirculation flow field to accumulate nanoparticles in a specific area. Taking stem cell–tumor cell interaction as an example, the ultra-slow microcirculatory flow field controls stem cell exosomes to interfere with tumor cells remotely. Under static coculture conditions (without microfluidics), the tumor cells near stem cells (<200 µm) show quick breaking through from its Matrigel drop to meet stem cells, but this ‘breaking through’ quickly disappears with increasing distance. In programmed ultra-slow microcirculation, stem cells induce tumor cells 5000 μm far at the site of exosome deposition (according to nanoparticle simulations). After 14 days of programmed coculture, the glomeration and migration of tumor cells were observed in the exosome deposition area. This example shows that the ultra-slow microcirculation of the microfluidic culture dish has good prospects in quantitative experiments to study exosome communication between living cells and drug development of cancer metastasis.
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T. Heng, J., and Hayder A. Abdulbari. "Study on the Effect of Different Electrode on Capacitive Deionization Microfluidic Desalination." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (2019): 5100–5104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24809.
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Recent year, microfluidics desalination technology is on its immerging path which utilizes the domination of many apparent fluids physical properties (viscosity and surface tension) in the micro-flow systems. As compared to the traditional and commercially applied desalination methods, microfluidics overcomes most of the drawbacks such as high power consumption and low separation performance. It is believed that the flow of liquids in the micro-scaled designed structures will optimize the separation efficiency and will definitely lead to higher desalination performance. In the present work, a microfluidic desalination chip was introduced. The microfluidic desalination chip was fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft lithography method and two types of electrode were used which are titanium and aluminium. The desalination efficiency was being observed, analyzed and evaluated at the constant flow rate of 90 mL/h using capacitive deionization method. The desalination efficiency with titanium and aluminium electrode was achieved with 15% and 65%, respectively. The surface morphology of both used and unused electrodes was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings in this work show that the desalination efficiency was rely on the electrode surface properties. Â
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Sametov, S. P., E. S. Batyrshin, and I. V. Samsonov. "DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE PHASE PERMEABILITY IN TWO-PHASE FILTRATION USING MICROFLUIDICS." Petroleum Engineering 23, no. 2 (2025): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2025-2-27-37.
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Over the past decades, more and more problems of the oil and gas industry have been solved using microfluidics methods. Experimental microfluidics methods allow visualizing fluids behavior, their interaction with each other and with a solid surface in individual channels of a porous structure and also have a number of advantages over core studies during filtration experiments. The microfluidic approach is used to estimate the asphaltene content in oil, select hydraulic fracturing fluids, water control fluids, determine the paraffin formation temperature, inhibitors effectiveness, select agents for oil recovery enhancement methods and study of fluids physicochemical properties. The paper presents the results of experimental determination of relative phase permeability curves for the gas-liquid (air-water) system using microfluidic devices under atmosphericconditions. The pore space of microfluidic chips is a pore-network structure consisting of straight microchannels and round pores at the channels intersections. The chips are fabricated using photolithography from various materials with different wettability: hydrophilic glass and a polymer with neutral wettability. The optical transparency of the chips allows visualizing flows at the scale of individual pore channels. The experimental setup based on an optical microscope consists of a microfluidic flow controller, pressure and volumetric flow sensors and a high-resolution video recording system. The dye contrast method was used to accurately assess the saturation of the porous structure with fluids. The phase distribution was determined based on digital image processing. Relative phase permeability curves were obtained and the effect of wettability on their behavior was shown. The results are consistent with Craig's rules for determining the wettability type of rocks pore space based on the position of the intersection point of the relative phase permeability curves on water saturation axis. Theproposed experimental technique can be used for comparative testing of phase permeability modifier reagents used to influence the formation. The main advantage over core studies is that microfluidic tests require significantly less time and also allow visualization of two-phase flow characteristics.
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Soitu, Cristian, Alexander Feuerborn, Ann Na Tan, et al. "Microfluidic chambers using fluid walls for cell biology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (2018): E5926—E5933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805449115.
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Many proofs of concept have demonstrated the potential of microfluidics in cell biology. However, the technology remains inaccessible to many biologists, as it often requires complex manufacturing facilities (such as soft lithography) and uses materials foreign to cell biology (such as polydimethylsiloxane). Here, we present a method for creating microfluidic environments by simply reshaping fluids on a substrate. For applications in cell biology, we use cell media on a virgin Petri dish overlaid with an immiscible fluorocarbon. A hydrophobic/fluorophilic stylus then reshapes the media into any pattern by creating liquid walls of fluorocarbon. Microfluidic arrangements suitable for cell culture are made in minutes using materials familiar to biologists. The versatility of the method is demonstrated by creating analogs of a common platform in cell biology, the microtiter plate. Using this vehicle, we demonstrate many manipulations required for cell culture and downstream analysis, including feeding, replating, cloning, cryopreservation, lysis plus RT-PCR, transfection plus genome editing, and fixation plus immunolabeling (when fluid walls are reconfigured during use). We also show that mammalian cells grow and respond to stimuli normally, and worm eggs develop into adults. This simple approach provides biologists with an entrée into microfluidics.
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Smith, Savanah, Marzhan Sypabekova, and Seunghyun Kim. "Double-Sided Tape in Microfluidics: A Cost-Effective Method in Device Fabrication." Biosensors 14, no. 5 (2024): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14050249.
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The demand for easy-to-use, affordable, accessible, and reliable technology is increasing in biological, chemical, and medical research. Microfluidic devices have the potential to meet these standards by offering cost-effective, highly sensitive, and highly specific diagnostic tests with rapid performance and minimal sample volumes. Traditional microfluidic device fabrication methods, such as photolithography and soft lithography, are time-consuming and require specialized equipment and expertise, making them costly and less accessible to researchers and clinicians and limiting the applicability and potential of microfluidic devices. To address this, researchers have turned to using new low-cost materials, such as double-sided tape for microfluidic device fabrication, which offers simple and low-cost processes. The innovation of low-cost and easy-to-make microfluidic devices improves the potential for more devices to be transitioned from laboratories to commercialized products found in stores, offices, and homes. This review serves as a comprehensive summary of the growing interest in and use of double-sided tape-based microfluidic devices in the last 20 years. It discusses the advantages of using double-sided tape, the fabrication techniques used to create and bond microfluidic devices, and the limitations of this approach in certain applications.
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Costantini, Francesca, Erica Cesari, Nicola Lovecchio, et al. "Microfluidic Array Enables Rapid Testing of Natural Compounds Against Xylella fastidiosa." Plants 14, no. 6 (2025): 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060872.
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The bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), which causes several plant diseases with significant economic impacts on agriculture and the environment, remains a challenge to manage due to its wide host range. This study investigated the in vitro antibacterial effects of natural compounds, including Trametes versicolor extract, clove essential oil, and the resistance inducer FossilⓇ, against X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa using an antibacterial susceptibility testing (AST) method based on microfluidic channels. This novel method was compared with the traditional broth macrodilution method to assess its reliability and the potential advantages microfluidics offers. For each substance and test, both the ability to limit planktonic growth (reported as the minimum inhibitory concentration) and the ability to inhibit biofilm formation were evaluated. The results suggest that compared to the macrodilution method, microfluidic channels allow for a more rapid AST execution, use less material, and allow for real-time observation of bacterial behavior under a continuous flow of nutrients and antibacterial substances. All tested products demonstrated high antibacterial efficacy against Xf with the macrodilution method, yielding comparable results with microfluidic AST. These findings highlight the antimicrobial properties of the tested substances and establish the groundwork for applying this new technique to select promising eco-friendly products for potential future field applications in controlling Xf.
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Qiu, Jingjiang, Junfu Li, Zhongwei Guo, et al. "3D Printing of Individualized Microfluidic Chips with DLP-Based Printer." Materials 16, no. 21 (2023): 6984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16216984.
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Microfluidic chips have shown their potential for applications in fields such as chemistry and biology, and 3D printing is increasingly utilized as the fabrication method for microfluidic chips. To address key issues such as the long printing time for conventional 3D printing of a single chip and the demand for rapid response in individualized microfluidic chip customization, we have optimized the use of DLP (digital light processing) technology, which offers faster printing speeds due to its surface exposure method. In this study, we specifically focused on developing a fast-manufacturing process for directly printing microfluidic chips, addressing the high cost of traditional microfabrication processes and the lengthy production times associated with other 3D printing methods for microfluidic chips. Based on the designed three-dimensional chip model, we utilized a DLP-based printer to directly print two-dimensional and three-dimensional microfluidic chips with photosensitive resin. To overcome the challenge of clogging in printing microchannels, we proposed a printing method that combined an open-channel design with transparent adhesive tape sealing. This method enables the rapid printing of microfluidic chips with complex and intricate microstructures. This research provides a crucial foundation for the development of microfluidic chips in biomedical research.
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Russom, Aman, Palaniappan Sethu, Daniel Irimia, et al. "Microfluidic Leukocyte Isolation for Gene Expression Analysis in Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 5 (2008): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.099150.
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Abstract Background: Microarray technology is becoming a powerful tool for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic applications. There is at present no consensus regarding the optimal technique to isolate nucleic acids from blood leukocyte populations for subsequent expression analyses. Current collection and processing techniques pose significant challenges in the clinical setting. Here, we report the clinical validation of a novel microfluidic leukocyte nucleic acid isolation technique for gene expression analysis from critically ill, hospitalized patients that can be readily used on small volumes of blood. Methods: We processed whole blood from hospitalized patients after burn injury and severe blunt trauma according to the microfluidic and standard macroscale leukocyte isolation protocol. Side-by-side comparison of RNA quantity, quality, and genome-wide expression patterns was used to clinically validate the microfluidic technique. Results: When the microfluidic protocol was used for processing, sufficient amounts of total RNA were obtained for genome-wide expression analysis from 0.5 mL whole blood. We found that the leukocyte expression patterns from samples processed using the 2 protocols were concordant, and there was less variability introduced as a result of harvesting method than there existed between individuals. Conclusions: The novel microfluidic approach achieves leukocyte isolation in &lt;25 min, and the quality of nucleic acids and genome expression analysis is equivalent to or surpasses that obtained from macroscale approaches. Microfluidics can significantly improve the isolation of blood leukocytes for genomic analyses in the clinical setting.
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Yin, Zhifu, and Helin Zou. "A fast and simple bonding method for low cost microfluidic chip fabrication." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 1 (2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2018-0010.
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Abstract With the development of the microstructure fabrication technique, microfluidic chips are widely used in biological and medical researchers. Future advances in their commercial applications depend on the mass bonding of microfluidic chip. In this study we are presenting a simple, low cost and fast way of bonding microfluidic chips at room temperature. The influence of the bonding pressure on the deformation of the microchannel and adhesive tape was analyzed by numerical simulation. By this method, the microfluidic chip can be fully sealed at low temperature and pressure without using any equipment. The dye water and gas leakage test indicated that the microfluidic chip can be bonded without leakage or block and its bonding strength can up to 0.84 MPa.
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Vilimi, Zsófia, Zsófia Edit Pápay, Bálint Basa, Xeniya Orekhova, Nikolett Kállai-Szabó, and István Antal. "Microfluidic Rheology: An Innovative Method for Viscosity Measurement of Gels and Various Pharmaceuticals." Gels 10, no. 7 (2024): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10070464.
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Measuring the viscosity of pharmaceutical dosage forms is a crucial process. Viscosity provides information about the stability of the composition, the release rate of the drug, bioavailability, and, in the case of injectable drug formulations, even the force required for injection. However, measuring viscosity is a complex task with numerous challenges, especially for non-Newtonian materials, which include most pharmaceutical formulations, such as gels. Selecting the appropriate shear rate is critical. Since viscosity in many systems is highly temperature-dependent, stable temperature control is necessary during the measurement. Using microfluidics technology, it is now possible to perform rheological characterization and conduct fast and accurate measurements. Small sample volumes (even below 500 µL) are required, and viscosity determination can be carried out over a wide range of shear rates. Nevertheless, the pharmaceutical application of viscometers operating on the principle of microfluidics is not yet widespread. In our work, we compare the results of measurements taken with a microfluidic chip-based viscometer on different pharmaceutical forms (gels, solution) with those obtained using a traditional rotational viscometer, evaluating the relative advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. The microfluidics-based method enables time- and sample-efficient viscosity analysis of the examined pharmaceutical forms.
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Zhao, Pei, Jianchun Wang, Yan Li, Xueying Wang, Chengmin Chen, and Guangxia Liu. "Microfluidic Technology for the Production of Well-Ordered Porous Polymer Scaffolds." Polymers 12, no. 9 (2020): 1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091863.
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Advances in tissue engineering (TE) have revealed that porosity architectures, such as pore shape, pore size and pore interconnectivity are the key morphological properties of scaffolds. Well-ordered porous polymer scaffolds, which have uniform pore size, regular geometric shape, high porosity and good pore interconnectivity, facilitate the loading and distribution of active biomolecules, as well as cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. However, these are difficult to prepare by traditional methods and the existing well-ordered porous scaffold preparation methods require expensive experimental equipment or cumbersome preparation steps. Generally, droplet-based microfluidics, which generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible multiphase flows inside microchannels, has emerged as a versatile tool for generation of well-ordered porous materials. This short review details this novel method and the latest developments in well-ordered porous scaffold preparation via microfluidic technology. The pore structure and properties of microfluidic scaffolds are discussed in depth, laying the foundation for further research and application in TE. Furthermore, we outline the bottlenecks and future developments in this particular field, and a brief outlook on the future development of microfluidic technique for scaffold fabrication is presented.