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Alonzo, Anne. "La guerre est déclarée ! : La mobilisation industrielle à Toulouse pendant la Première Guerre mondiale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL062.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween 1914 and 1918, the implementation of industrial mobilization decreed by the Union sacrée's government profoundly transformed Toulouse. While the city remained less economically modernized in the 19th century, significant public investments devoted to the production of military equipment accelerated the development of its industry. Population faced difficulties, however, due to labor requisitions, shortages and rising prices. Unlike Germany, social movements which resulted from the deterioration in the standard of living in 1917 did not, however, call into question the consensus around the war effort, neither in Toulouse nor in France. The thesis studies the reasons for the success of setting up industrial mobilization as well as its execution. It shows that France had an institutional advantage and that it was able to rely on its democratic civic capital to preserve the political pact of his patriotic union. The negative growth rate of economic activity in Toulouse between 1914 and 1918 reflects the fact that the war effort was largely supported by businesses and workers. The State capacity and his action were reinforced by the adhesion of the populations to the program of the Union sacrée
Vacheron, Simon. "Mobiliser l’industrie textile (laine et coton). L’État, les entrepreneurs et les ouvriers dans l’effort de guerre, 1914-1920". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040139.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the World War I, the industries of the wool and the cotton find themselves pulled(entailed) in the industrial mobilization. The intervention of the State in these branches shows itself essential, and a new relation becomes established between the public authorities and the companies. The modification of the colour of the uniform, its wide distribution about eight million conscripts over four years and the loss of the industrial areas of the North and east lead to the putting under control of the State of almost all the wool trade, whereas the cotton industry remains independent until 1917. This relation extends to the imports of raw materials, with a progressive centralization which excludes any private business(trade), but associates traders and industrialists. Besides, the management of the workforce constitutes a daily challenge for companies. The need in workforce remains important, and the difficulties bound in working conditions and to the increased cost living trigger social tensions, in spite of the “Union sacrée” respected by labor unions. At the same time, the loss of the main industrial territories represents a chance of a lifetime for the other regions, among which those whose textile industry is on the decline before the war. The high demands of the army and the high prices of private trade yeld important profits, and lead the State to adopt a war tax system and to repress the abuses. The return of the stricken industries at the end the conflict, the question of war damage and reinstatement of Alsace-Lorraine put the textile industries in the face of radical changes
Trémoureux, Carl. "La Première Guerre mondiale, l'artillerie et l'industrialisation de la guerre". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL059.
Pełny tekst źródłaBefore the outbreak of the militarily clash, the Artillery was equipped in accordance with a doctrine ill-suited to recent conflicts and technical possibilities. When the imagined short war turns into a long war offering the possibility of adapting armaments and requiring massive consumption of projectiles, the governance of the production function enters into crisis. A change in mental patterns is needed. The establishment of an Under-Secretary of State for Artillery and Ammunition is a first step in this transformation. Albert Thomas adapts the governance of the production function of artillery equipment by setting up a program of needs, manufacturing and production factors, an industrial policy, as well as steering and control instruments. This new governance constitutes the heart of the governmental activity of steering the war economy, but the latter is not limited to this: it also includes the administration of all the nation's resources, whether labour, raw materials, energy, transportation or innovation capabilities. In the context of wartime parliamentarianism, it can be said that the realization of the idea of an industrial war gradually leads the country to establish a new political and economic regime. In parallel with this evolution, companies are adapting their operating methods to produce in large series; Armies are industrializing their destruction, protection, logistics and force restoration functions
Vacheron, Simon. "Mobiliser l’industrie textile (laine et coton). L’État, les entrepreneurs et les ouvriers dans l’effort de guerre, 1914-1920". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040139.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the World War I, the industries of the wool and the cotton find themselves pulled(entailed) in the industrial mobilization. The intervention of the State in these branches shows itself essential, and a new relation becomes established between the public authorities and the companies. The modification of the colour of the uniform, its wide distribution about eight million conscripts over four years and the loss of the industrial areas of the North and east lead to the putting under control of the State of almost all the wool trade, whereas the cotton industry remains independent until 1917. This relation extends to the imports of raw materials, with a progressive centralization which excludes any private business(trade), but associates traders and industrialists. Besides, the management of the workforce constitutes a daily challenge for companies. The need in workforce remains important, and the difficulties bound in working conditions and to the increased cost living trigger social tensions, in spite of the “Union sacrée” respected by labor unions. At the same time, the loss of the main industrial territories represents a chance of a lifetime for the other regions, among which those whose textile industry is on the decline before the war. The high demands of the army and the high prices of private trade yeld important profits, and lead the State to adopt a war tax system and to repress the abuses. The return of the stricken industries at the end the conflict, the question of war damage and reinstatement of Alsace-Lorraine put the textile industries in the face of radical changes
Fette, Julie. "La mobilisation xénophobe des professions médicales et juridiques dans la France de l'entre-deux-guerres". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0105.
Pełny tekst źródłaKeren, Célia. "L’évacuation et l’accueil des enfants espagnols en France : cartographie d’une mobilisation transnationale (1936-1940)". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0108.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation recounts the birth, the brief success and the disappearance of a humanitarian and anti-fascist cause of the end of the 1930s: the evacuation of Spanish children from wartime Republican Spain and their reception and care in France between 1936 and 1939. This evacuation programme resulted in 10,000 Spanish boys and girls fostered in French families or housed in children's colonies, often at the request of their parents. This study identifies the groups which carried out this project, the reasons for their commitment, the means they used and, finally, their achievements and failures. Through a transnational analysis of the French heir, committees and the Spanish State institutions involved, of their collaboration and dissensions, this research successively delves into different political universes: French left-wing parties and trade unions of the Popular Front alliance, French Catholics and the Vatican hierarchy, as well as the Spanish and Basque states. The contributions of this thesis are threefold. First, the cause of the Spanish evacuated children mobilized a wide array of groups who were able to place themselves under very different banners (antifascism, humanism or Christian charity): it thus gives rise to a new and more complex account of French reactions to the Spanish civil war. Secondly, the commitments and conflicts around the evacuated children allow us to observe the subtle ideological and strategic evolutions of all of these political players, in the critical years leading up to the Second World War. Finally, by uncovering a long-lived tradition of children's displacement and fostering in trade union practices, this study calls for a widening of theperimeter of the history of humanitarian aid
Moutet, Aimée. "La rationalisation industrielle dans l'économie française au XXeme siècle : étude sur les rapports entre changements d'organisation technique et problèmes sociaux 1900-1939". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100114.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoavi, Joseph. "De la crise de stabilisation à la crise des années 1930 : la conjoncture économique en France de 1926 à 1931". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010565.
Pełny tekst źródłaDosso, Diane. "Louis Rapkine (1904-1948) et la mobilisation scientifique de la France libre". Lille : A.N.R.T, Université de Lille III, 1998. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31120.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarkou, Efstathia-Efi. "La décentralisation industrielle en France dans le premier XXe siècle : du mot d’ordre réformateur à l’aménagement du territoire". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0023.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis analyses the stakes, logic and modalities of the construction of industrial decentralization as an object of reform and public action. The period of study extends from the renewal of debates at the dawn of the 20th century to the institutionalization of this action at the turn of the 1950s, involving several archival and printed sources. To follow the reconfigurations of "industrial decentralization" over the course of half a century, this research takes into account all the discourses postulating the displacement of industry (decentralization, transfer, dispersion...), issued by actors belonging to different professional fields (senior officials, politicians, urban planners, engineers, military, geographers, economists...). At the turn of the 20th century, industrial decentralization was conceived in terms of the opposition between cities (particularly Paris) and the countryside, in order to promote the return to the land, and to respond both to the abandonment of rural areas and to the urban question. These old concerns were being reformulated at the margins of the reform field, benefiting from the opening of a new repertoire of action, urban reform, and the professional practice that took shape as a result, urban planning. The belief in a possible reversal of the centripetal industrial movement was revived by advances in transport and electrical energy. The proposals were organized around three paradigms: the rural paradigm located industry in the countryside, reducing the size of settlements and aspiring to revitalize small workshops; the regional paradigm aimed at industrialization either of particular geographical areas, such as valleys, or of larger areas, dependent on large cities; and finally, the planning paradigm gave priority not to the deindustrialization of large cities but to the development of industrial areas in their suburbs. In the 1920s, the threat of aerial bombardments on strategic industries for the French army and on cities made national defence a new challenge for decentralization. It triggered the first policy, applied in the early 1930s to the aeronautical industries and then to other war industries, which were called upon to move away from the north-eastern part of France and from the Paris region in particular. Military considerations took over previous debates on decentralization, while adding to the major economic issues of their time, such as the modernization of production or unemployment, and confronting the practical aspects of operations, such as the availability or the housing of the labour force.The reformism and dirigisme of the Vichy government gave a new impetus to industrial decentralization, driven by the regime's modernist currents. Its planning administration undertook, by means of an extensive study, continued after the Liberation, to establish the principles of public action in this field which, while mitigating the effects of centralisation, would encourage further industrialisation. However, at the same time as these attempts were hampered by the conditions for carrying out reconstruction and economic planning, industrial decentralization lost its autonomy to become the main tool for country planning (aménagement du territoire), promoted in the late 1940s by the Ministry of Reconstruction and Town Planning. This thesis shows the historical dynamics of the continuous re-appropriation and re-semanticization by groups of actors grappling with social, economic or urban issues. It thus contributes to the sociology of the relationship between public action, the scholarly field and professional practices, but also to the history of the genesis of country planning