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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Modulations épigénétiques"
Croteau, Félix R., Geneviève M. Rousseau i Sylvain Moineau. "Le système CRISPR-Cas". médecine/sciences 34, nr 10 (październik 2018): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2018215.
Pełny tekst źródłaTremolizzo, L. "Modèle épigénétique chez la souris de la modulation pharmacologique de la vulnérabilité à la schizophrénie". L'Encéphale 33, nr 5 (listopad 2007): 867–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7006(07)92911-5.
Pełny tekst źródłaMondoulet, L., V. Dioszeghy, C. Plaquet, F. Busato, V. Dhelft, K. Bethune, E. Puteaux, L. Leclere, C. Dupont i J. Tost. "L’immunothérapie épicutanée conduit à une modulation épigénétique unique dans un modèle de souris allergique à l’arachide : hyperméthylation de Gata-3 et déméthylation de Foxp3". Revue Française d'Allergologie 57, nr 3 (kwiecień 2017): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reval.2017.02.204.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Modulations épigénétiques"
Kerbaj, Coline. "Investigating the role of OGT and c-Myc in modulating EZH2 functions in hepatocellular carcinoma". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10358.
Pełny tekst źródłaHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer and leading cause of death, is a heterogeneous disease with no unique driver mutation. Up to 50% of HCCs harbor alterations in epigenetic machineries that represent promising therapeutic targets. During my PhD, I focused on the histone methyltransferase (HMT) EZH2 that is upregulated in HCC and related to therapy resistance. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex responsible for H3K27me3, a repressive epigenetic mark (canonical function). In cancer, EZH2/PRC2 represses the expression of tumor suppressor genes but EZH2 can also activate oncogenes and cell cycle genes in a mostly PRC2-independent manner (non-canonical function). EZH2 HMT inhibitors have demonstrated low efficacy in solid tumors suggesting that HMT independent functions of EZH2 are key in these cancers. EZH2 can be regulated by post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) whose expression is increased in HCC. Our data show that EZH2 and OGT are co-recruited to defined gene promoters in HCC and predominantly promote gene expression. To decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying EZH2/OGT-mediated gene activation in HCC, we assessed the roles of PRC2 and c-Myc that plays an important role in HCC and can be modulated by OGT. We showed that EZH2 and c-Myc are O-GlcNAcylated by OGT in human hepatoma cells and that EZH2 O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in EZH2 target promoter recruitment. Our data also indicate that c-Myc plays an important role in EZH2/OGT-mediated gene regulation. Interestingly, our results suggest that part of the non-canonical functions of EZH2 in human hepatoma cells may be PRC2 dependent. Collectively, our data uncover that OGT and c-Myc promote non-canonical functions of EZH2 in transformed liver cells and provide important insights for epigenetic strategies as potential future anti-HCC therapies. A better understanding of the regulatory networks controlling gene expression in HCC will open perspectives for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for HCC
Merlevede, Jane. "Altérations génétiques et épigénétiques dans la leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique - Modulation par les agents déméthylants". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaChronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a clonal disorder of the hematopoietic stem cell, affecting mainly the elderly. The only curative therapeutic is allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which is rarely feasible. When transplantation is not an option, patients with a severe disease can be treated with a demethylating agent. Thirty to 40% of these patients show hematological improvement, but it remains unknown if these drugs increase overall survival. Analysis of candidate genes by Sanger sequencing, then by New Generation Sequencing, identified about thirty genes that are frequently mutated. These genes encode epigenetic regulators, splicing factors, transcription factors and cell signalling regulators. However, this approach catched only part of the genetic events that characterize this disease.The first objective of this study was to determine the mutational landscape of CMML cells by analyzing the coding and non coding regions of leukemic cell genome.We first performed whole exome sequencing analysis of leukemic and control cells in 49 patients. These analyses showed that in average, a patient carries 14 somatic mutations in its coding regions. We confirmed that the most frequent mutations were in TET2, SRSF2 and ASXL1 genes. We identified also recurrent mutations in 8 new genes, these recurrent mutations occurring at a low frequency. In average, 3 out of the 14 mutations identified in each patient affected recurrently mutated genes.Secondly, we performed whole genome sequencing of leukemic and control cells in 17 patients. These analyses showed that in average, a patient carries 475 somatic mutations in the non repeated regions of the genome. In both the coding and non coding sequences, alterations were observed to be mainly transitions. As a signature of CMML, two mutational processes were identified in all 17 patients and are found in various other cancer types, most likely resulting from the cytosine methylation observed with ageing. A third process, never seen before and without known significance, was also detected in two patients.We collected several samples from 17 patients on a more than two year period: 6 of these patients remained untreated whereas 11 were treated with demethylating agent, among which 6 showed a stable disease and 5 fulfilled criteria of hematological improvement. These sequential analyses showed that 1) the occurence of new mutations is a relatively rare event ; 2) the genetic heterogeneity of the malignant clone is limited ; 3) the mutation allele burden remains unchanged under treatment, whatever the response ; 4) new mutations can appear, even in responding patients.We selected 9 patients, 3 untreated, 3 stable on therapy and 3 responders. We collected monocytes before treatment and a few months later and we analyzed gene expression and DNA methylation in sorted monocytes at these two time points. We did not detect any significant change in gene expression and DNA methylation pattern in untreated patients. In those who responded to treatment, we noticed significant changes in both gene expression, with about 500 deregulated genes, and the DNA methylation pattern, with about 35,000 demethylated regions. In stable patients, the treatment had a limited effect with changes in the expression of about 60 genes, and in the DNA methylation pattern of about 100 regions. These results show that demethylating agents affect gene expression and DNA methylation of responding patients only, suggesting they have mostly an epigenetic effect rather than a cytotoxic one
Renaude, Elodie. "Stratégies de modulation épigénétique des lymphocytes T CD4 afin de potentialiser l’efficacité des immunothérapies anticancers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/cf4a5ba6-33d1-4c40-ae32-3c46985a1213.
Pełny tekst źródłaCD4 T-cells are necessary for the establishment of an efficient anti-cancer response by providing help for the priming and persistence of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, the prognosis of patients can be differently affected, depending on CD4 T-cell subtypes infiltrating the tumor (TIL). Epigenetics take an important part in : i) the regulation of CD4 T-cells polarization, ii) plasticity towards other subsets and iii) maturation. It has been shown before that epigenetic modulators could regulate CD4 T-cells differentiation. Thus, the treatment of CD4 T-cells by epigenetic therapies can be used as a strategy to improve immunotherapy. Our results confirmed the presence of Th17-cells in expanded T-cells issued from liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Moreover, the number of expanded Th17-cells among total TIL was inversely correlated with patients' survival. We then attempt to evaluate the effect of epigenetic regulators on both CD4 T-cells differentiation and function. A screening of a bank of epidrugs allowed us to identify a Sirtuin 1 activator, Agrimol B, that might downregulate proliferation, cytokine secretion and CCR6 expression on CD4 T-cells. Our results thus indicated that Agrimol B might regulate the migration and the functionality of Th17-cells from healthy donors. Mechanistically, the inhibition of caspases by our molecule could prevent the cleavage of Sirtuin 1 and thus maintain its activity compared to control conditions. Together, this work aims to uncover the role of epigenetics in the regulation of CD4 T-cell subsets in order to potentiate the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy
Carouge, Delphine. "Modulation de facteurs épigénétiques par la cocaïne : caractérisation d'un nouveau gène-cible de MeCP2, le gène CDKL5". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6117.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrule, Baptiste. "Caractérisation et modulation non pharmacologique des dérégulations épigénétiques associées à la maladie de Huntington : vers l’identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ015.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disorders caused by primary damage to the striatum. The pathogenic mechanism is complex and involve epigenetic and transcriptional dysregulations leading to a loss of neuronal identity and cell function. This thesis aimed to characterize the striatal epigenetic signature in mouse models with a celltype-specific resolution at different stages of HD. We observed that striatal neurons expressing the HD mutation undergo epigenetic erosion, reflecting accelerated aging in HD, induced by alterations in polycomb complexes. As epigenetic regulations are sensitive to the environment, we characterized the behavioral phenotype and molecular alterations of HD mouse model after housing in an enriched environment (EE) to decipher the epigenetic and transcriptomic effects induced by EE. Our findings thus provide a better understanding of early pathogenic mechanisms in HD, opening new therapeutic perspectives
Robert, Sophie. "Rôle de l'ornithine décarboxylase dans le processus de cancérogénèse épigénétique : induction et modulation de son activité au cours de la transformation cellulaire". Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Robert.Sophie.SMZ913.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaOttaviani, Alexandre. "Modulation of the functional and perinuclear organization of the facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) locus by the D4Z4 macrosatellite element". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0492.
Pełny tekst źródłaFacio-Scapulo-Humeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is linked to the reduction in the number of repetitions of a 3. 3 kb sequence named D4Z4 in the 4q35 subtelomeric region. Healthy individuals carry 11 to more than 100 D4Z4 repeats whereas patients have less than 11 repeats on one allele. In this memoir, chromatin and transcriptional three-dimensional organizations in the nucleus are first reviewed, in particular under the influence of the nuclear envelope, and then linked to the current knowledge on FSHD aetiology. In this work, in order to test the hypothesis of a modulation by D4Z4 of a position effect, cellular models have been generated where a reporteur gene is coupled with variable numbers of D4Z4 and integrated in the genome randomly or at telomeres. Here we reveal and isolate insulator properties contained in the motif. Furthermore, D4Z4 alters the subnuclear localization of a telomere, positioning it more at the nuclear periphery, similarly to the 4q35 locus. However, these properties are impaired by the increase in the number of D4Z4 repeats integrated. In addition, we show that CTCF and A-type lamins are associated to D4Z4 and required for its functions. Thus, CTCF binding drops as the number of repeats is increased which is consistent with our observations on the effects of D4Z4 multimerization on the localization of the reporter gene. Consequently, we propose a new model linking D4Z4 number reduction to the subnuclear organization of the 4q35 locus and to the physiopathology of FSHD
Lafragette, Audrey. "Recherche des mécanismes impliqués dans la modulation de la vulnérabilité à la cocaïne par les conditions environnementales". Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2291/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaInfluences of life conditions on the phenomenon of addiction has been observed in Human and modeled in animals. Indeed, in rodents, exposure to enriched environment (EE) reduces the risk of addiction, whereas stress increases it. The mechanisms responsible for these environmental influences on addiction have been the object of my thesis. On one hand, we have shown that chronic injections of cocaine increase the expression of the transcription factor ΔFosB in striatal cells expressing the dopaminergic receptor D1 (D1R(+) cells) whereas EE by itself increases it specifically in D1R(-) cells. Interestingly, these effects were abolished when cocaine is administrated to mice exposed to EE. These results suggest that the prevention of the behavioral sensitization induced by EE correlates with a modified accumulation of ΔFosB. On the other hand, our laboratory has shown that switching mice from EE to a standard environment increases the vulnerability to cocaine. In order to uncover the mechanisms underlying this potentiation, we studied the endocannabinoid system, involved in stress regulation and in epigenetic processes. We have observed that the environmental switch modulates the expression of different actors of the endocannabinoid system, especially the CB1 receptor in the amygdala, and of MeCP2 (Methyl CpG-binding-Protein-2), a protein involved in the control of transcription in the nucleus accumbens. Altogether, this work allowed us to highlight molecular mechanisms that are regulated by environmental manipulations and that could participate to the individual vulnerability to drugs of abuse
Gaudeau, Albane. "Conversion du cancer du sein triple-négatif par la modulation épigénétique Cell-Based siRNA Screens Highlight Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Epigenetic Vulnerability True Value of RNAi Screens Beyond On-Target Effects Du criblage à haut contenu à la déconvolution de cibles : nouvelle donne pour les approches phénotypiques". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL048.
Pełny tekst źródłaResearch presented in this thesis manuscript is the result of a fruitful collaboration between my host company, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, my host laboratory, BioPhenics Laboratory at Institut Curie, and I, preparing my PhD at the doctoral school CBMS at Université Paris-Saclay. International partnerships also led to the generation of numerous data towards the same purpose: identifying novel therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. TNBC is a breast cancer subtype characterized by its ER(Estrogen receptor)-, PR(Progesterone receptor)- and HER2(Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-negative phenotype, affecting almost 20% of breast cancer diagnosed women. In the absence of these receptors, patients cannot respond neither to hormone therapy nor anti-HER2 targeted therapies. While TNBC is enriched in cancer-stem cells (CSC) and epigenetic deregulations were identified in TNBC CSC signaling pathways, we supposed that epigenetic mechanisms could be modulated to result in two phenotypes : an impact on TNBC cell viability, and an impact on HER2 expression in order to sensitize cells to existing anti-HER2 therapies. To investigate these hypotheses, we performed siRNA functional genomics screening targeting 863 epigenetic modulators through high-throughput and high-content approaches. Although using siRNA represents a powerful approach, the risk of off-target effects is important. In order to reinforce on-target hits discovery and to prevent the identification of non-specific hits, various strategies were used for the two studies. While the identification of genes involved in HER2 expression is currently in progress, we identified 3 key genes for TNBC cell viability, including CHAF1A for which the role in TNBC cell viability was never revealed. Also, following bioinformatic analyses performed from viability data, off-target effects were considered as sources of potential hits, highlighting the potential of a new functional genomics screening approach