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Bence, Stephen John. "Stellar jets and molecular outflows". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627089.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuzmán, Fernández Andrés Ernesto. "Ionized Jets and Molecular Outflows in High-Mass Young Stellar Objects". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102759.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavis, Christopher John. "The molecular structure of Herbig-Haro objects, outflows and jets from young stellar objects". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27879.
Pełny tekst źródłaNavea, Juan G. Manzanares Carlos E. "Studies on the application of laser photoionization in supersonic-jets for the generation of intense ionic clusters". Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4878.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeuran, Florin. "Croissance de films de cuprates supraconducteurs par épitaxie par jets moléculaires". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00644501.
Pełny tekst źródłaYung, Hong-kiu Bosco, i 容康喬. "VLBA observations and kinematic modelling of the high velocity molecular jets from the water fountain IRAS 18286-0959". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45847848.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Thuy Thanh Giang. "Croissance de nanofils III-V par épitaxie par jets moléculaires". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067836.
Pełny tekst źródłaFontaine, Christophe. "Hétéroépitaxie par jets moléculaires de semiconducteurs II-VI". Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10062.
Pełny tekst źródłaFontaine, Chantal. "Heteroepitaxie par jets moeculaires : systeme (ca,sr)f::(2) - gaas". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30135.
Pełny tekst źródłaDrabek-Maunder, Emily Rae. "A submillimetre study of nearby star formation using molecular line data". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14587.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelorme, Olivier. "Etude de l’incorporation de Bismuth lors de l’épitaxie par jets moléculaires de matériaux antimoniures". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS024/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBismuth, a group-V element, has long been neglected in the III-V semiconductor family. However, dilute bismides started to attract great attention since the early 2000s, due to the giant bandgap reduction and the strong increase of the spin-orbit splitting energy introduced by the incorporation of Bismuth. Among the III-V-Bi alloys, GaSbBi is particularly interesting but has only been sporadically studied, mainly due to the very challenging incorporation of Bismuth. Bismuth requires indeed very unusual growth conditions to be incorporated into III-V materials. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the molecular beam epitaxy and the properties of GaSbBi alloys and heterostructures.A careful study of the influence of the different growth parameters on the Bismuth incorporation was first carried out. These investigations lead to the fabrication of high quality GaSbBi layers and to the incorporation of 14% Bismuth, the highest content reached in GaSb so far. A bandgap reduction of 28 meV/%Bismuth was observed. GaSbBi/GaSb multi quantum-wells structures with various thicknesses and compositions were then fabricated and exhibited photoluminescence emission up to 3.5 µm at room-temperature. The first GaSbBi-based laser diode was also fabricated, demonstrating continuous wave operation at 80 K and a room-temperature emission close to 2.7 µm under pulsed excitation. Finally, the growth of another dilute bismide alloy, GaInSbBi, was investigated. The influence of the Indium atoms on the incorporation of Bismuth was particularly studied together with the properties of GaInSbBi/GaSb multi quantum-wells structures
Bassani, Franck. "Dopage indium d'hétérostructures CdTe/CdZnTe en épitaxie par jets moléculaires". Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10043.
Pełny tekst źródłaLouahadj, Lamis. "Développement de l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires pour la croissance d'oxydes fonctionnels sur semiconducteurs". Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of microelectronics industry has been, until recently, essentially based on the regular improvement of device performances thanks to the downscaling strategy as a continuity of Moore’s law. This evolution is now confronted to the intrinsic physical properties limitations of the material used in the silicon industry (Si and SiO2). Integrating different materials on silicon thus becomes a major challenge of industry development. In this context, functional oxides form a very interesting family of materials: their physical properties (ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, piezoelectricity, strong Pockels effect) and the possibility to combine them (heterostructures) by epitaxy opens a way for fabricating innovating and high-performance components for applications in micro and optoelectronic, spintronic, micro-waves and MEMs… These oxides and specifically those belonging to the perovskite family are classicaly grown by Laser Ablation (PLD), sputtering or by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on STO substrates. These substrates are inappropriate for industry applications due to their limited size (1cm²) and their relatively bad structural quality. On the other hand, defining a strategy for integrating these materials on silicon is essential for future applications. In this context, using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for the growth of oxides is particularly relevant since this technique allows fabricating monocristalline thin films of STO on Silicon and on GaAs, which open the way of integrating other functional oxides on this substrates via templates of STO. However, MBE is not a mature technique for functional oxides growth. The purpose of this PhD work, financed by a CIFRE contract with the RIBER Company, equipment manifacturer for molecular beam epitaxy, is to develop the growth of functional oxides by MBE. It enters into the framework of a joint laboratory signed between RIBER and INL In this work, we first present technical development performed on a prototype MBE reactor dedicated to oxide growth. We show by then how these technical developments allow a better understanding and control of the growth of STO on Si templates, in particular the crystallisation of initially amorphous STO on Silicon, which is catalysed by an excess of Sr at the first stage of the growth. We demonstrate how it is possible to control this Sr excess so that it does not affect the film quality. We propose a study of the effect of STO cationic stoechiometry on the structural properties. We also show how the use of a conveniently designed oxygen plasma source allows for obtaining good oxidation of the oxide thin films. Finally, we detail a few examples of integration of functional oxides (piezoelectric PZT, ferroelectric BTO) on templates STO/Si. We have also studied the growth of STO on GaAs substrates by MBE and we demonstrate the first integration of monocristalline ferroelectric PZT on GaAs
Astruc, Jean-Pierre. "Transfert d'électron entre atomes excités et molécules dans une expérience en jets croisés avec fluorescence résolue dans le temps". Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132020.
Pełny tekst źródłaHarmand, Jean-Christophe. "Possibilites offertes par l'epitaxie par jets moleculaires dans la croissance d'heterostructures gaas/gaalas pour transistors bipolaires". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077072.
Pełny tekst źródłaNavarete, Felipe Donizeti Teston. "Procura de Estrelas de Alta Massa em Formação". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-10092014-144416/.
Pełny tekst źródłaVery few massive stars in early formation stages were clearly identified in our Galaxy. The formation process of these objects is still unclear and two theories predict the formation of massive stars: i) by merging of low mass stars or ii) by an accretion disk. There are no critical observational evidences to choose between them. The lack of observational evidences combined with the small number of known massive stars in formation in our Galaxy does not allow us to choose between these scenarios. We present a near-infrared survey of MYSOs candidates selected from the Red MSX Source survey. Such catalog is based on an accurate revision of distances and luminosities, overcoming the limitations and failures in previous searches of this kind. 376 targets were observed through the H2 narrow-band filter at 2.12 microns and in the continuum to identify collimated molecular jets. 296 targets were successfully processed using the THELI pipeline and are presented. Observations in the Northern Hemisphere were carried at the CFHT telescope (Hawaii) while the Southern targets were observed with the Soar Telescope (Chile). The results show that 150 of the 296 sources display extended H2 emission and 62 of them are polar. The analysis of the aspect ratio of the structures indicates that emissions associated with higher luminosity sources have low degree of collimation. This is in agreement with the scenario of the radiation pressure-driven outflows from the circunstellar discs. The low fraction of sources associated with polar jets (21%) indicates a short timescale of such structures. The observational evidences found on this work support the accretion scenario and show that coalescence of low-mass stars (which may require relatively dense environments and is not expected to produce jet-like structures) is not likely to explain most of the studied MYSOs candidates.
Arnoult, Alexandre. "Dopage par modulation d'hétérostructures de semiconducteurs II-VI semimagnétiques en épitaxie par jets moléculaires". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10237.
Pełny tekst źródłaDal'Bo, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie optique d'heterostructures a base de tellurure de cadmium epitaxiees par jets moleculaires". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10123.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuille, Claire. "Etude de la formation par epitaxie par jets moleculaires des interfaces entre inas et gaas". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066415.
Pełny tekst źródłaBodin-Deshayes, Claire. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires d'hétérostructures CdTe-CdMnTe : application aux structures laser et structures piézoélectriques". Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10139.
Pełny tekst źródłaStanke, Thomas. "An unbiased infrared H2 search for embedded flows from young stars in Orion A". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2000. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/20/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDas erste Ergebnis ist, dass Ausströmungen in Sternentstehungsgebieten tatsächlich sehr häufig sind: mehr als 70 Jet-Kandidaten werden identifiziert. Die meisten zeigen eine sehr irreguläre Morphologie anstelle regulärer oder symmetrischer Strukturen. Dies ist auf das turbulente, klumpige Medium zurückzuführen, in das sich die Jets hineinbewegen. Die Ausrichtung der Jets ist zufällig verteilt. Insbesondere gibt es keine bevorzugte Ausrichtung der Jets parallel zum grossräumigen Magnetfeld in der Wolke. Das legt nahe, dass die Rotations- und Symmetrieachse in einem protostellaren System durch zufällige, turbulente Bewegung in der Wolke bestimmt wird.
Mögliche Ausströmungsquellen werden für 49 Jets identifiziert; für diese wird der Entwicklungsstand und die bolometrische Leuchtkraft abgeschätzt. Die Jetlänge und die H2 Leuchtkraft entwickeln sich gemeinsam mit der Ausströmungsquelle. Von null startend, dehnen sich die Jets schnell bis auf eine Länge von einigen Parsec aus und werden dann langsam wieder kürzer. Sie sind zuerst sehr leuchtkräftig, die H2 Helligkeit nimmt aber im Lauf der protostellaren Entwicklung ab. Die Längen- und H2 Leuchtkraftentwicklung lässt sich im Wesentlichen durch eine zuerst sehr hohe, dann niedriger werdende Massenausflussrate erklären, die auf eine zuerst sehr hohe, dann niedriger werdende Gasakkretionsrate auf den Protostern schliessen lässt (Akkretion und Ejektion sind eng verknüpft!). Die Längenabnahme der Jets erfordert eine ständig wirkende Abbremsung der Jets. Ein einfaches Modell einer simultanen Entwicklung eines Protosterns, seiner zirkumstellaren Umgebung und seiner Ausströmung (Smith 2000) kann die gemessenen H2- und bolometrischen Leuchtkräfte der Jets und ihrer Quellen reproduzieren, unter der Annahme, dass die starke Akkretionsaktivität zu Beginn der protostellaren Entwicklung mit einer überproportional hohen Massenausflussrate verbunden ist.
Im Durchmusterungsgebiet sind 125 dichte Molekülwolkenkerne bekannt (Tatematsu et al. 1993). Jets (bzw. Sterne) entstehen in ruhigen Wolkenkernen, d.h. solchen mit einem niedrigen Verhältnis von interner kinetischer Energie zu gravitativer potentieller Energie; dies sind die Wolkenkerne höherer Masse. Die Wolkenkerne mit Jets haben im Mittel grössere Linienbreiten als die ohne Jets. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass sie bevorzugt in den massereicheren Wolkenkernen zu finden sind, welche generell eine grössere Linienbreite haben. Es gibt keinen Hinweis auf stärkere interne Bewegungen in Wolkenkernen mit Jets, die durch eine Wechselwirkung der Jets mit den Wolkenkernen erzeugt sein könnte. Es gibt, wie von der Theorie vorausgesagt, eine Beziehung zwischen der Linienbreite der Wolkenkerne und der H2 Leuchtkraft der Jets, wenn Jets von Klasse 0 und Klasse I Protosternen separat betrachtet werden; dabei sind Klasse 0 Jets leuchtkräftiger als Klasse I Jets, was ebenfalls auf eine zeitabhängige Akkretionsrate mit einer frühzeitigen Spitze und einem darauffolgenden Abklingen hinweist.
Schliesslich wird die Rückwirkung der Jetpopulation auf eine Molekülwolke unter der Annahme strikter Vorwärtsimpulserhaltung betrachtet. Die Jets können auf der Skala einer ganzen Riesenmolekülwolke und auf den Skalen von Molekülwolkenkernen nicht genügend Impuls liefern, um die abklingende Turbulenz wieder anzuregen. Auf der mittleren Skala von molekularen Klumpen, mit einer Grösse von einigen parsec und Massen von einigen hundert Sonnenmassen liefern die Jets jedoch genügend Impuls in hinreichend kurzer Zeit, um die Turbulenz “am Leben zu erhalten” und können damit helfen, einen Klumpen gegen seinen Kollaps zu stabilisieren.
The presence of outflows, often in the form of well-collimated jets, is a phenomenon commonly associated with the birth of young stars. Emission from shock-excited molecular hydrogen at near-infrared wavelengths is one of the signposts of the presence of such an outflow, and generally can be observed even if the flow is obscured at optical wavelengths. In this thesis, I present the results of an unbiased, sensitive, wide-field search for flows from protostellar objects in the H2 v=1-0 S(1) line at a wavelength of 2.12 µm, covering a 1 square degree area of the Orion A giant molecular cloud. Further data covering a wide wavelength range are used to search for the driving sources of the flows. The aim of this work is to obtain a sample of outflows which is free from biases as far as possible, to derive the typical properties of the outflows, to search for evolutionary trends, and to examine the impact of outflows on the ambient cloud.
The first result from this survey is that outflows are indeed common in star forming regions: more than 70 candidate jets are identified. Most of them have a fairly ill-defined morphology rather than a regular or symmetric structure, which is interpreted to be due to the turbulent, clumpy ambient medium into which the jets are propagating. The jets are randomly oriented. In particular, no alignment of the jets with the large scale ambient magnetic field is found, suggesting that the spin and symmetry axis in a protostellar object is determined by random, turbulent motions in the cloud.
Candidate driving sources are identified for 49 jets, and their evolutionary stage and bolometric luminosity is estimated. The jet lengths and H2 luminosities evolve as a function of the age of the driving source: the jets grow quickly from zero length to a size of a few parsec and then slowly shorten again. The jets are very luminous early on and fade during the protostellar evolution. The evolution in length and H2 luminosity is attributed to an early phase of strong accretion, which subsequently decreases. The shortening of the jets with time requires the presence of a continuous deceleration of the jets. A simple model of the simultaneous evolution of a protostar, its circumstellar environment, and its outflow (Smith 2000) can reproduce the measured values of H2 luminosity and driving source luminosity under the assumption of a strong accretion plus high ejection efficiency phase early in the protostellar evolution.
Tatematsu et al. (1993) found 125 dense cloud cores in the survey area. The jet driving sources are found to have formed predominantly in quiet cores with a low ratio of internal kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy; these are the cores with higher masses. The cores which are associated with jets have on average larger linewidths than cores without jets. This is due to the preferred presence of jets in more massive cores, which generally have larger linewidths. There is no evidence for additional internal motions excited by the interaction of the jets with the cores. The jet H2 luminosity and the core linewidth (as predicted by theory) are related, if Class 0 and Class I jets are considered separately; the relation lies at higher values of the H2 luminosity for the Class 0 jets than for Class I jets. This also suggests a time evolution of the accretion rate, with a strong peak early on and a subsequent decay.
Finally, the impact of a protostellar jet population on a molecular cloud is considered. Under the conservative assumption of strict forward momentum conservation, the jets appear to fail to provide sufficient momentum to replenish decaying turbulence on the scales of a giant molecular cloud and on the scales of molecular cloud cores. At the intermediate scales of molecular clumps with sizes of a few parsec and masses of a few hundred solar masses, the jets provide enough momentum in a short enough time to potentially replenish turbulence and thus might help to stabilize the clump against further collapse.
Rossner, Ulrike. "Epitaxie des nitrures de gallium et d'aluminium sur silicium par jets moléculaires : caractérisation structurale et optique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10181.
Pełny tekst źródłaLépinau, Romaric de. "GaAs-on-Si solar cells based on nanowire arrays grown by molecular beam epitaxy". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS090.
Pełny tekst źródłaNanowires (NW) epitaxially grown on Si substrate are efficient light absorbers and allow to integrate high-quality III-V materials on Si by preventing defects induced by the lattice-mismatch between both materials. They provide a way to fabricate tandem III-V/Si solar cells above 30% efficiency. The goal of this thesis is to develop III-V NW solar cells grown on Si substrates. First, the control of the selective NW growth in ordered arrays on Si was addressed and vertical yields consistently above 90% and up to 100% were demonstrated. Using transmission electron microscope characterization, the growth conditions were optimized to improve the crystal quality by reducing the number of stacking faults, to investigate GaAsP NWs with the optimal bandgap for tandem, and to study core-shell heterostructures. Using cathodoluminescence to determine the carrier concentrations in NWs, it was shown that the core and the shell can be doped with Be up to p=8E18 cm⁻³, while Si is an amphoteric dopant, resulting in shell doping limited to n=5E17 cm⁻³. A solar cell fabrication process was developed to contact NW core-shell junctions. A first-generation GaAs homojunction device shows efficiencies up to 2.1%, limited by carrier collection issues, whereas the quasi-Fermi level splitting, estimated from PL measurements, reaches a promising value of 0.98 V at 82 sun, extrapolated to 0.86 V at 1 sun. A new core-shell p-i-GaAs/n-GaInP heterojunction exhibits efficiencies up to 3.7%, with a record Voc=0.65 V. These GaAs-based NW top-cells directly grown on Si pave the way toward high-efficiency tandem solar cells
Colin, Thierry. "Etude et réalisation d'hétérojonctions CdxHg(1-x)Te/CdyHg(1-y)Te en épitaxie par jets moléculaires". Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10120.
Pełny tekst źródłaHartmann, Jean-Michel. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires alternés d'hétérostructures CdTe/Mn(Mg)Te : application à la réalisation de super-réseaux verticaux". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10204.
Pełny tekst źródłaLabiad, Hamza. "Transfert d'énergie rotationnelle lors des collisions de CO-Ar et CO-H₂ à très basses températures pour des applications astrophysiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S147/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the quest to understand the universe, astrophysicists observe and make models for astrophysical objects in the sky. The interstellar medium, ISM, in particular is of central importance since it represents the matter that exists in the space between stars in a galaxy, and in which stars and planets form. Understanding it, its constituents and its evolution and characteristics requires the quantification of several chemical and physical processes, including collision processes. In this work, we used the CRESU technique to reproduce very cold environments of astrophysical media, in particular dense molecular clouds in the ISM. We studied experimentally rotational energy transfer, RET, resulting from inelastic collisions at very low temperatures using a pump-probe laser-based spectroscopic technique for the purpose of measuring constants quantifying collisions. Two types of constants were determined: the first are total removal constants of RET resulting from a specific rotational quantum state to all possible final rotational quantum states, and the second are more detailed information consisting in rate constants from a specific rotational quantum state to another specific rotational quantum state, so-called state-to-state rate constants. Two experiments have been performed involving Carbone monoxide molecule, CO, as a target molecule of collisions. The first involves argon, Ar, as a projectile atom, and the second molecular hydrogen, H2, as a projectile molecule. Both collisional systems play an important role in a wide range of areas including gas-phase phenomena and astrophysical applications. In the first experiment, we investigated collisions between CO and Ar, from 293 K down to 30 K. IR-VUV double resonance technique has been exploited to measure, directly for the first time, absolute values of total removal and state-to-state constants of collisions. The experimental results have been compared to theoretical predictions based on a diatom-atom model of collision, where very good agreement was observed. In the second experiment, we investigated collisions between CO and H2 (the most abundant molecules in the ISM) from 293 K down to 5.5 K focusing on the very low temperatures of dense molecular clouds in the ISM. For the first time, total removal and state-to-state constants have been measured and compared to theoretical predictions of a highly accurate diatom-diatom model of collisions, where excellent agreement was observed. The results obtained in this thesis served to validate theoretical models of molecular collisions, helping the continuous efforts for pushing the frontiers of theoretical models. In the astrophysical side, the obtained collisional constants will be taken into account in modeling of many astrophysical media
Turco, Françoise. "Applications de techniques d'analyse in situ à l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires du système (Al, Ga, In) As". Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaEllerweg, Dirk [Verfasser], Achim von [Gutachter] Keudell i Peter [Gutachter] Awakowicz. "Reaction chemistry in oxygen or hexamethyldisiloxane containing noble gas microplasma jets : a quantitative molecular beam mass spectrometry study / Dirk Ellerweg ; Gutachter: Achim von Keudell, Peter Awakowicz ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie". Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1209358409/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaShen, Jianyun. "Thermodynamique des systèmes III-V, As-Ga-In et Al-As et analyse de leur épitaxie par jets moléculaires". Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0087.
Pełny tekst źródłaDas, Aparna. "Boîtes quantiques de semi-conducteurs nitrures pour des applications aux capteurs opto-chimiques". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870365.
Pełny tekst źródłaWidmann, Frédéric. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires de GaN, AlN, InN et leurs alliages : physique de la croissance et réalisation de nanostructures". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10234.
Pełny tekst źródłaPorret, Clément. "Effet du manganèse sur l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires de nanofils de silicium et de germanium et fonctionnalisation de nanofils de germanium en vue d'applications en spintronique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638725.
Pełny tekst źródłaThomas, Candice. "Strained HgTe/CdTe topological insulators, toward spintronic applications". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY090/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith graphene-like transport properties governed by massless Dirac fermions and a topological protection preventing from backscattering phenomena, topological insulators, characterized by an insulating bulk and conducting surfaces, are of main interest to build low power consumption electronic building-blocks of primary importance for future electronics.Indeed, the absence of disorder, the generation of dissipation-less spin-polarized current or even the possibility to generate pure spin current without magnetic materials are some of the promises of these new materials.The objective of this PhD thesis has been to experimentally demonstrate the eligibility of HgTe three dimensional topological insulator system for applications and especially for spintronics.To do so, strong efforts have been dedicated to the improvement of the growth process by molecular beam epitaxy.Chemical composition, strain, defect density and sharpness of the HgTe interfaces have been identified as the major parameters of study and improvement to ensure HgTe inverted band structure, bulk gap opening and to emphasize the resulting topological surface state electronic properties. Verification of the topological nature of this system has then been performed using low temperature magneto-transport measurements of Hall bars designed with various HgTe thicknesses. It is worth noting that the high desorption rate of Hg has made the nanofabrication process more complex and required the development of a low temperature process adapted to this constraint. While the thicker samples have evidenced very complex transport signatures that need to be further investigated and understood, the thickness reduction has led to the suppression of any additional contributions, such as bulk or even side surfaces, and the demonstration of quantum Hall effect with vanishing resistance. Consequently, we have managed to demonstrate direct evidences of Dirac fermions by temperature dependent analysis of the quantum Hall effect. The next step has been to use the topological properties and especially the locking predicted between momentum and spin to test the HgTe potential for spintronics. Spin pumping experiments have demonstrated the power of these topological structures for spin injection and detection. Moreover, the implementation of HgTe into simple p-n junction has also been investigated to realize a first spin-based logic element
Hestroffer, Karine. "Croissance et caractérisation de nanofils de GaN et d'hétérostructures filaires de GaN/AIN". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863433.
Pełny tekst źródłaBelahsene, Sofiane. "Lasers moyen infrarouge innovants pour analyse des hydrocarbures". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20166/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis, conducted as part of the European contract Senshy, was the realization of laser diodes emitting in the mid-infrared range (from 3.0 to 3.4 µm). These devices are to be integrated into detectors and gas analysis systems based on the principle of absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). for the detection of alkanes (methane, ethane, propane) and of alkenes (acetylene). The quantum well type-I structures were made by molecular epitaxy on GaSb. Despite having excellent performance in the 2 to 3 µm range, GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well lasers rapidly show their limits when crossing the 3 µm barrier (the highest wavelength reached with such a device was 3.04 µm under cw operation at 20°C). This situation was all the more regrettable because several gases have their strongest absorption lines in the 3 to 4 µm range: methane, for example, has a peak of absorption at 3.26 µm overhanging a weaker peak at 2.31 µm by a factor 40. By replacing the quaternary AlGaAsSb by the quinary AlGaInAsSb, we have shown that the internal efficiency could be improved and we have obtained threshold current densities at 2.6 , 3.0 and 3,3 µm that could be favourably compared to the previous records at these wavelengths (respectively, 142 A/cm², 255 A/cm² and 827 A/cm²).DFB laser diodes made from the epitaxial structures were operated at room temperature in the continuous wave regime at 3.06 µm with a single-frequency emission (SMSR greater than 30dB) and a threshold current of 54 mA. At 3.3 µm, DFB devices were operated in cw up to 18 ° C with a SMSR > 30 dB and a current threshold of 140 mA. Eventually, these devices were integrated into a gas analysis system and allowed to reach a concentration limit of 100 ppbv of methane, i.e. 17 times less than the concentration of methane in the air
Pelloquin, Sylvain. "LaAlO3 amorphe déposé par épitaxie par jets moléculaires sur silicium comme alternative pour la grille high-κ des transistors CMOS". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694351.
Pełny tekst źródłaHimwas, Chalermchai. "Nanostructures à base de semi-conducteurs nitrures pour l'émission ultraviolette". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work reports on the design, epitaxial growth, and the structural, and optical characterization of two types of nanostructures, namely AlGaN/AlN Stranski-Krastanov quantum dots (SK-QD) and AlGaN/AlN nanodisks (NDs) on GaN nanowires (NWs). These nanostructures were grown using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) and were conceived to be the active media of electron-pumped ultraviolet (EPUV) emitters for water purification, operating in mid-ultraviolet range. The peak emission wavelength of three-dimensional SK-QD can be tuned in mid-ultraviolet range while keeping high internal quantum efficiency (IQE > 35%) by modifying the Al composition and the QD geometry. The efficient carrier confinement was confirmed by the stability of the photoluminescence intensity and decay time with temperature. The optimal deposited amount of AlGaN in AlGaN/AlN QDs which grants maximum luminescence at room temperature was determined by finding a compromise between the designs providing maximum IQE and maximum QD density. The effect of the variation of the QD height/base-diameter ratio on the interband and intraband optical properties was explored by fitting the experimental data with three-dimensional calculations of the band diagram and quantum levels. Regarding AlGaN/AlN NDs on GaN NWs, the Al-Ga intermixing at Al(Ga)N/GaN interfaces and the alloy inhomogeneity in AlGaN/AlN NDs are attributed to the strain relaxation process. This interpretation was proved by correlation of experimental data with three-dimensional strain distribution calculations performed on structures that imitate the real growth sequence. Despite the challenge of inhomogeneity, the emission wavelength of AlGaN/AlN NDs can be tuned in mid-ultraviolet range while preserving high IQE by adjusting the ND thickness and Al content. A prototype of EPUV emitter was fabricated using the AlGaN/AlN SK-QDs active region with proposed optimal design of active region thickness, AlN barrier thickness, and amount of AlGaN in each QD layer. For this first device, SiC was used as a substrate to prevent problems associated to charge or heat evacuation. A water purification test by such prototype EPUV emitter was carried out by irradiating E-coli bacteria, showing that all the specimens were successfully purified at the predicted ultraviolet dose
Loroño, G. Marcos Antonio. "High resolution infrared diode laser spectroscopy of jet-cooled polyatomic molecules and molecular clusters". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621626.
Pełny tekst źródłaRandeniya, Lakshman Kumar. "Low-energy collision phenomena in free jet expansions: Molecular relaxation theory and ion-molecule rate studies". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185207.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeggache, Amina. "Propriétés électroniques des alliages d'Heusler Co1.5Fe1.5Ge et Co2MnSi". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0229/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpin transfer is one way of switching the magnetization of a layer in a magnetic tunnel junction. The current needed at this task depends on the materials and in the current context, consume less became an important issue. Materials with a high spin polarization and a low magnetic damping are one solution of this problem. They are called half metal ferromagnets. Because of the existence of a pseudo-gap in the minority spin channel at the Fermi energy, these compounds show a 100% spin polarization and an extremely low magnetic damping. In theory, some Heusler, such as Co1.5Fe1.5Ge and Co2MnSi, possess theses properties if they crystallize in the good crystallographic phase. In practice, there is strong indication of this behavior by mean of indirect techniques. However, no direct evidence of this pseudo-gap has been observed. It is in this context that this thesis is. After having determined growth conditions of Co1.5Fe1.5Ge, by mean of several techniques and especially by anomalous diffraction, we determined the complete chemical order which is the one we were looking for. Magnetic properties measurements show results in agreement with the theory. But the use of this compound in magnetic tunnel junctions shows low tunnel magnetoresistance. Spin resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements explain very well these results. In the same spirit, we started to study Co2MnSi which seems more promising as this pseudo-gap and low magnetic damping have been observed
Benkouider, Abdelmalek. "Fabrication and characterization of sige-based core-shell nanostructures". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4345.
Pełny tekst źródłaSiGe/Si core/shell nanowires (NWs) and nanodots (NDs) are promising candidates for the future generation of optoelectronic devices. It was demonstrated that the SiGe/Si heterostructure composition, interface geometry, size and aspect ratios can be used to tune the electronic properties of the nanowires. Compared to pure Si or Ge nanowires, the core-shell structures and exhibit extended number of potential configurations to modulate the band gap by the intrinsic strain. Moreover, the epitaxial strain and the band-offsets produce a better conductance and higher mobility of charge carriers. Recent calculations reported that by varying the core-shell aspect ratio could induce an indirect to direct band gap transition. One of the best configurations giving direct allowed transitions consists of a thin Si core embedded within wide Ge shell. The Germanium condensation technique is able to provide high Ge content (> 50%) shell with Si core whom thickness of core and shell can be accurately tuned. The aim of this work is to develop two types of synthesis processes: the first "top-down" will be based on direct nanoetching by focused ion beam (FIB) of 2D SiGe layer. This process allows the control of the size of NWs, and their precise location. The NWs achieved by this technique are not very dense and have a large diameter. The second processes called "bottom-up"; are based on the VLS growth of NWs from metal catalysts (AuSi). Grown NWs have been studied locally in order to measure the mean size and the strain and their effects on the quantum confinement and band structure of NWs
Wolff, Jens-Christian [Verfasser]. "Molecular mediators of alveolarization / by Jens-Christian Wolff". Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008503819/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaSiladie, Alexandra-Madalina. "Nanofils AlxGa1-xN et AlN pour la réalisation de diodes émettant dans l'UV-C". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY059.
Pełny tekst źródłaBecause of their band gap value extending from 0.68 eV (for InN) up to 3.5 eV (GaN) and 6.2 eV (AlN), nitride family is potentially well adapted to the realization of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or detectors in a wavelength range spanning from infrared to ultraviolet. In particular, the possibility to realize devices emitting in the UV C range (200-280 nm) is a current subject of interest, in relation with numerous applications such as air and water sanitization, counterfeiting detection, sensors etc… Contrary to the visible LEDs which exhibit an excellent efficiency (at least for blue emission, which, coupled to a yellow phosphor is at the base of standard white LEDs currently available on the market), UV LEDs efficiency is currently limited to a few percent, as a consequence of the lack of suitable substrates, which results in defective material, and of doping difficulties, which limit current injection. One innovative solution to overcome these difficulties consists of using nanowires (NWs): the remarkable geometry (small diameter) and aspect ratio (height/diameter) of these objects make them favorable to the realization of heterostructures free of extended defects, therefore limiting carrier non radiative recombination. Furthermore, as a major advantage, electrical doping of NWs (type n with Si, type p with Mg) is considerably eased in NWs, as a result of an improved elastic strain relaxation, which significantly pushes away the dopant incorporation limit to values higher than in 2D layers used for conventional UV LEDs to date. The combination of these advantages make UV emitting NWs a subject of intense interest, with the prospect of realizing a breakthrough in efficiency. We are partially funded by an ANR project to explore this road. In this context, the proposed PhD project will consist of growing and fully characterizing the structural and optical properties of AlxGa1-xN/ AlyGa1-yN / AlxGa1-xN NW heterostructures (cathodo- and photo-luminescence, high resolution electron microscopy, atom probe and Kelvin probe measurement, etc…) with the prospect of realizing innovative, highly efficient UV LEDs in the range 240-270 nm. The process of the final structures and their electrical characterization will be performed by CNRS-Néel, after deposition of a doped-diamond upper contact. The work will be mostly performed in the Nanophysics and semiconductor CNRS/CEA group in CEA-INAC, which has an internationally recognized expertise in the academic studies on nitride materials, in close collaboration with several academic groups in France and abroad (CNRS-Néel, CNRS-LPS, University of Valencia….)
Gruart, Marion. "Elaboration et propriétés de nanofils à base d'InGaN pour la réalisation de micro et nanoLEDs". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY031.
Pełny tekst źródłaIII-N semi-conductors, including GaN, AlN, InN and their alloys, are now firmly established as a current solution for solid state lighting and related applications due to their direct band gaps ranging from deep UV to IR (6,14 eV to 0,64 eV). Since the realization of InGaN/GaN quantum wells based blue LEDs, rewarded by the 2014 Nobel Prize in physics, InGaN based visible LEDs have emerged as a prime candidate for lighting applications. However, one of the main challenges for the fabrication of III-N based devices is the large lattice mismatch between the III-N epilayers and the available substrates. Consequently, a high density of extended defects is induced by plastic relaxation, drastically decreasing the LEDs’ efficiency.Semiconductor nanowires are intensely studied for the realization of high efficacity axial heterostructures, due to the greatly eased elastic strain relaxation resulting from their large aspect ratio. With the aim of realizing red emitting InGaN based LEDs and overcome the green gap issue, this PhD work is mainly focused on the growth of InGaN/GaN nanowires and micro-columns with high In content (approximately 35%In). The growth is achieved by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) on [0001]-oriented GaN wires templates, ranging in diameter from nanowires to micro-columns to provide a better understanding of these key parameters.Optimization of such devices requires an extensive understanding of GaN and InGaN growth on top of GaN wires. Firstly, GaN nanowires elongation mechanism was shown to be governed by peripheral nucleation. Depending on GaN growth conditions, the top crystallographic planes are tuned from semi-polar planes to c-planes, making possible a surface preparation for the growth of InGaN active region of LED devices. As a new approach, we propose in this work to perform the InGaN growth on a Ga-polar [0001] GaN top surface, in contrast to the InGaN grown on semi-polar facets reported in literature. Taking into account the In incorporation efficacity with respect to the growth orientation, the InGaN epitaxy on a [0001] top facet guarantees a unique InGaN composition on each wire for the realization of monochromatic LEDs. Moreover, the enlargement of GaN wires toward the top was shown to eliminate a parasitic short-circuit and reduce the wire diameters variability. The replacement of the InGaN section by a pyramidal InGaN/GaN superlattice was observed to reduce non-radiative recombinations and increase the InGaN luminescence intensity. Additionally, these structures increase the surface of current injection in the active region of the LEDs, improving their efficiency. Finally, electroluminescence from LEDs realized during this PhD is covering a large range of visible spectrum from 450 nm to 610 nm
Rueda-Fonseca, Pamela. "Magnetic quantum dots in II-VI semiconductor nanowires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENY015/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this PhD work a novel type of magnetic semiconductor object has been developed: Cd(Mn)Te quantum dots embedded in ZnTe/ZnMgTe core-shell nanowires. The goal was to investigate the growth, by molecular beam epitaxy, and the fundamental properties of these complex heterostructures. For that purpose, two main issues were addressed: i) gaining control of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of these quantum objects by mastering their growth; and ii) obtaining quantitative local knowledge on the chemical composition of those non-homogeneous nanostructures. To tackle these topics, our research was divided into four stages. The first stage was devoted to perform a quantitative study of the formation process of the Au particles that catalyze the growth of nanowires. The second stage involved the analysis of the mechanisms and parameters governing the growth of ZnTe nanowires. In particular, two different types of nanowires were found: cone-shaped nanowires with the zinc-blende crystal structure and cylinder-shaped nanowires with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. A diffusion-driven growth model is employed to fit some of the quantitative results presented in this part. The third stage focused on the insertion of pure CdTe quantum dots containing Mn ions in the core-shell nanowires. An initial study of the relevant parameters influencing the magneto-optical properties of these objects, such as the quantum dot confinement, the Mn incorporation, and the strain anisotropy, was performed. The four and last stage of this work concerned the quantitative interpretation of Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements performed on single core-multishell nanowires. A geometrical model was proposed to retrieve the shape, the size and the local composition of the quantum dot insertions and of the multiple layers of the heterostructures. This study was coupled to other complementary characterization measurements on the same nanowire, such as cathodo-luminescence, micro-photo-luminescence and magneto-optical spectroscopy
Joslin, Evelyn. "Jet spectroscopy of aromatic molecules". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261303.
Pełny tekst źródłaFeng, Gang <1984>. "Studies of pure rotational spectra of isolated molecules and molecular adducts using pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave (PJ-FTM) spectroscopy". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5564/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAkra, Ahiram el. "Croissance de boîtes quantiques In(Ga)As sur substrats de silicium et de SOI pour la réalisation d'émetteurs de lumière". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952829.
Pełny tekst źródłaKennedy, Graham Robert Alexander. "Laser photochemistry of jet-cooled molecules". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/621.
Pełny tekst źródłaYin, Shi. "Integration of epitaxial piezoelectric thin films on silicon". Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecently, piezoelectric materials, like lead titanate zirconate Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT), zinc oxide ZnO, and the solid solution Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), increasingly receive intensive studies because of their innovative applications in the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In order to integrate them on silicon substrate, several preliminaries must be taken into considerations, e.g. buffer layer, bottom electrode. In this thesis, piezoelectric films (PZT and PMN-PT) have been successfully epitaxially grown on silicon and SOI (silicon-on-insulator) in the form of single crystal by sol-gel process. In fact, recent studies show that single crystalline films seem to possess the superior properties than that of polycrystalline films, leading to an increase of the performance of MEMS devices. The first objective of this thesis was to realize the epitaxial growth of single crystalline film of piezoelectric materials on silicon. The use of a buffer layer of gadolinium oxide(Gd2O3) or strontium titanate (SrTiO3 or STO) deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been studied in detail to integrate epitaxial PZT and PMN-PT films on silicon. For Gd2O3/Si(111) system, the study of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the growth of PZT film shows that the film is polycrystalline with coexistence of the nonferroelectric parasite phase, i.e. pyrochlore phase. On the other hand, the PZT film deposited on STO/Si(001) substrate is successfully epitaxially grown in the form of single crystalline film. In order to measure the electrical properties, a layer of strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3 or SRO) deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been employed for bottom electrode due to its excellent conductivity and perovskite crystalline structure similar to that of PZT. The electrical characterization on Ru/PZT/SRO capacitors demonstrates good ferroelectric properties with the presence of hysteresis loop. Besides, the relaxor ferroelectric PMN-PT has been also epitaxially grown on STO/Si and confirmed by XRD and transmission electrical microscopy (TEM). This single crystalline film has the perovskite phase without the appearance of pyrochlore. Moreover, the study of infrared transmission using synchrotron radiation has proven a diffused phase transition over a large range of temperature, indicating a typical relaxor ferroelectric material. The other interesting in the single crystalline PZT films deposited on silicon and SOI is to employ them in the application of MEMS devices, where the standard silicon techniques are used. The microfabrication process performed in the cleanroom has permitted to realize cantilevers and membranes in order to mechanically characterize the piezoelectric layers. Mechanical deflection under the application of an electric voltage could be detected by interferometry. Eventually, this characterization by interferometry has been studied using the modeling based on finite element method and analytic method. In the future, it will be necessary to optimize the microfabrication process of MEMS devices based on single crystalline piezoelectric films in order to ameliorate the electromechanical performance. Finally, the characterizations at MEMS device level must be developed for their utilization in the future applications