Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Moral Reasoning

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Moral Reasoning”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 czerwca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Moral Reasoning"

Scheffler, Israel. "Moral education beyond moral reasoning." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 1990, no. 47 (1990): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219904713.

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Andre, Judith. "Beyond Moral Reasoning." Teaching Philosophy 14, no. 4 (1991): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil199114463.

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Li, Shangxi. "Gender Differences in Moral Development and Moral Reasoning." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4441.

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Based on Kohlberg's stage theory, this paper reviews the gender and age differences of individuals in moral choice and moral reasoning. Most experimental study did not show significant differences in moral choices at the Kohlberg stage. However, more women have a moral preference for care in moral reasoning. Moreover, women show different moral reasoning for different contexts and give more reactions, which is more flexible and complex. Moreover, older participants placed more emphasis on the morality of justice while younger participants placed more emphasis on the morality of care. Moral reasoning reasoning can become comprehensive and complex with grade level. This paper systematically sorts out the moral differences between men and women by reviewing and summarizing previous empirical research, in order to provide some references for subsequent research. However, previous empirical studies have mostly been based on middle-class samples, so hopefully there will be experiments on a wider sample in the future.

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Babaei, Atefeh, Maryam Bagheri, and Mohsen Shahriari. "Relationship between Moral Sensitivity and Moral Reasoning with Moral Courage in Nursing Students." Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 30, no. 2 (March 2025): 243–49. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_391_23.

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Abstract Background: Nursing students required to be prepared to face ethical problems in their future workplace. Solving moral dilemmas requires the implementation of moral decisions, which necessitates significant moral courage. Moral sensitivity and moral reasoning can play a key role in the emergence of morally courageous behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral sensitivity and moral reasoning with moral courage in nursing students. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The participants consisted of 296 nursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2021, which selected through the census method. Data were collected using the Persian versions of the Moral Sensitivity and Sekerka’s Moral Courage questionnaires and Nursing Dilemma Test. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (v. 25.0) using descriptive and analytical statistical methods (t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis). Results: A total of 296 nursing students participated in this study. The results showed no significant correlation between moral sensitivity and moral courage (r = 0.04, p = 0.41); however, a significant positive correlation was observed between moral reasoning and moral courage (r = 0.19, p < 0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that moral reasoning was the only predictor of moral courage in nursing students (p < 0.05). Conclusions: oral reasoning ability played a more significant role in developing moral courage than moral sensitivity. Tracking the sensitivity, reasoning, and moral courage status during education can reveal valuable information on the process of moral practice formation in nurses.

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Flanigan, Jessica. "Charisma and Moral Reasoning." Religions 4, no. 2 (April 17, 2013): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel4020216.

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Sastre Vilarrassa, Genoveva, Montserrat Moreno Marimón, and Mónica Timón Herrero. "Moral reasoning and education." Educar 22 (February 1, 1998): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/educar.353.

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Kim, Yeun Joon, and Chen-Bo Zhong. "Moral Reasoning and Creativity." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 14090. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.19.

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Mower, Deborah. "Teaching Sympathetic Moral Reasoning." Teaching Ethics 8, no. 2 (2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tej2008821.

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Mayton, Daniel M., Rhett Diessner, and Cheryl D. Granby. "Nonviolence and Moral Reasoning." Journal of Social Psychology 133, no. 5 (October 1993): 745–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9713932.

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Sudić, Mislav, Pavle Valerjev, and Josip Ćirić. "Deontic Moral Reasoning Task." Psihologijske teme 28, no. 3 (2019): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.28.3.2.

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Domain theory suggests that moral rules and conventions are perceived differently and elicit a different response. A special procedure was designed to test this hypothesis in a laboratory setting using a deontic reasoning task. The goal was to gain insight into the cognitive and metacognitive processes of deontic reasoning from simple deontic premises. In the 3x2x2 within-subjects design, we varied rule-content (moral, conventional, abstract), rule-type (obligation, permission) and the induced dilemma (punishment dilemma, reward dilemma). Participants (N = 78) were presented with 12 laws. After memorizing a law, eight cases were presented to participants so that they make a quick judgment. Participants were tasked with punishing rule-violators, ignoring rule-conformists, and rewarding rule-supererogation. Response times (RT) and accuracy were measured for each judgment, and final confidence was measured after a set of judgments. No differences were expected between rule-types, except for superior performance for moral content and punishment dilemmas. RT correlated negatively with confidence levels, while accuracy correlated positively. Moral reasoning was more accurate than conventional and abstract reasoning, and produced higher confidence levels. Better performance was found for punishment dilemmas than reward dilemmas, likely due to the presence of a cheater-detection module; but the differences were not found in moral reasoning. Moral reasoning was also independent of rule-type, while conventional and abstract reasoning produced superior performance in obligation-type than in permission-type rules. A large drop-off in accuracy was detected for rules that allowed undesirable behaviour, a phenomenon we termed the "deontic blind spot". However, this blind spot was not present in moral reasoning. Three lines of evidence indicate a qualitative difference between the moral and other deontic domains: (1) performance for moral content was independent of rule-type, (2) moral content produced an equal activation of violator- and altruist-detection modules, and (3) moral content produces higher levels of confidence.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Moral Reasoning"

Lusenga, Richard Mishack. "School leaders' moral understanding and moral reasoning." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25322.

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School leaders are faced with serious moral challenges on a daily basis at schools, which often result in them making poor moral choices. In a situation of moral decay in schools, reports in the news media create the impression that school leaders often fail to demonstrate the necessary values advocated by the Moral Regeneration Movement and the Manifesto of Values, Education and Democracy. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore school leaders’ understanding and reasoning regarding values and morality. For the purposes of the study a number of possible lenses, such as cultural relativism, religious beliefs, ethical subjectivism, classical utilitarian theory, Domain theory, and the ethic of justice, ethic of care, ethic of critique and the ethic of community, were identified and used in analysing the way school leaders reason about moral dilemmas. A design located within hermeneutic phenomenology was used in the study with the aim to understand school leaders’ understanding and reasoning regarding values and morality. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data gathering techniques was used in a concurrent mixed method design using a single questionnaire. The sample for the study consisted of educators enrolled for a formal management training programme. This group was largely homogenous in terms of religion, language, culture and was mainly from rural areas of Mpumalanga. Seventy-three participants took part in the study. It emerged from the data that the espoused theories used by school leaders could be related to the lenses identified in the literature. The school leaders’ espoused theories were mainly based on the ethic of justice and the ethic of care and were aligned to their preferred value orientations. At the espoused theory level, school leaders revealed a strong moral orientation. Further research is indicated to study school leaders’ theory in action. Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. Education Management and Policy Studies unrestricted

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Toole, Briana Marie. "Reasoning and moral judgments." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181927.

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Thesis (Honors paper)--Florida State University, 2010. Advisor: Dr. David McNaughton, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.

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Lariguet, Guillermo. "Intuitionism and Moral Reasoning." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115831.

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My goal for this paper can be presented as follows: I will attempt to show that objections to intuitionism, although they are serious, do not undermine entirely its fertility for knowledge and moral reasoning. This is probably the perception of contemporary philosophers like David Enoch, Robert Audi, Russ Shafer-Landau or John McDowell. In order to fulfill the objective mentioned above, I will do the following. First, I will outline broadly two of the paradigmatic features of moral intuitionism in order to identify it as a particular metaethics doctrine. Secondly, I will summarize some of the main objections that have been raised in order to discredit the value of moral intuitionism as a source both of moral knowledge and of valid support for moral reasoning. In third place, I will try, also briefly, to explain some of the possible (not all of course) answers to the objections previously mentioned in the paper. Fourth, I will recapitulate the more fruitful aspects of intuitionism, especially in regard to moral reasoning. Mi objetivo para este trabajo puede presentarse de la siguiente forma: se intentará mostrar que las objeciones al intuicionismo, si bien son serias, no minan en forma absoluta su fertilidad para el conocimiento y el razonamiento moral. Probablemente esta sea la percepción de filósofos contemporáneos como David Enoch, Robert Audi, Russ Shafer-Landau o John McDowell. Para poder cumplir con el antes dicho objetivo, en este trabajo haré lo siguiente. En primer lugar, esbozaré, a grandes rasgos, dos de las características paradigmáticas del intuicionismo moral a fin de que podamos identificarlo como una corriente metaética particular. En segundo lugar, sintetizaré algunas de las principales objeciones que, por diversos conductos, han buscado desacreditar el valor del intuicionismo moral como fuente de conocimiento moral y también de apoyo válido para el razonamiento moral.En tercer lugar, intentaré, también de manera sumaria, explicitar algunas de las posibles (no todas, desde luego) respuestas a las antes mencionadas objeciones. En cuarto lugar, recapitularé los aspectos rescatables del intuicionismo, especialmente en lo que atañe al razonamiento moral.

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Ljungström, Andreas. "Moral Intuition Versus Moral Reasoning In the Brain." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9574.

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Humans express complex moral behaviour, from altruism to antisocial acts. The investigationof the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying our moral minds is of profoundimportance for understanding these behaviours. By reviewing recent findings in cognitive andmoral neuroscience, along with other relevant areas of research, the current study aims to: (1)Investigate the neural correlates of moral intuition and moral reasoning, and see how thesetwo systems relate to moral judgement and moral behaviour. (2) Examine how the moralintuitive system and the moral reasoning system relate to one another. Neuroscientificevidence suggests that these two systems are supported by different areas in the brain. Whiletheir relationship is argued to be both sequential, integrative and competitive, evidenceindicates that the moral reasoning system primarily functions as a post hoc rationalization ofour intuitive-driven judgements and behaviours. While our moral intuitive system motivateskin altruism, both moral intuition and moral reasoning serve to uphold reciprocal altruism.

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Haskuka, Mytaher. "War trauma and moral reasoning /." Prizren : [Selbstverl.], 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018934167&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Cross, Natalie. "Moral reasoning in Aspergers syndrome." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569903.

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Lee, Kwok-chuen, and 李國川. "Juveniles and their moral reasoning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979233.

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Lee, Kwok-chuen. "Juveniles and their moral reasoning." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424710.

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Lit, Keith. "Moral Reasoning and Moral Emotions Linking Hoarding and Scrupulosity." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/111.

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Hoarding and scrupulous OCD are part of the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, which are characterized by obsessional preoccupation and ritualistic behavior. Prior research has found a statistical relationship between hoarding and scrupulosity after controlling for these common factors, suggesting the existence of other features shared by these two disorders. Clinical accounts and empirical research of hoarding and scrupulosity suggest three such shared factors: a tendency to experience intense guilt and shame, rigid moralistic thinking, and general cognitive rigidity. However, results of the current study show that, although both hoarding and scrupulosity were related to cognitive rigidity and a tendency to experience guilt and shame, they are not associated with rigid moralistic thinking. Instead, beliefs about the importance of emotions as moral guides were related to both disorders. These results are interpreted in terms of dual-process theories of moral reasoning. Additionally, implications for the conceptualization and treatment of hoarding and scrupulosity are discussed.

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Tarry, Hammond. "Delinquency, moral reasoning and social control." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393994.

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Książki na temat "Moral Reasoning"

Hannaford, Robert V. Moral anatomy and moral reasoning. Lawrence, Kan: University Press of Kansas, 1993.

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Sykes, Karen, ed. Ethnographies of Moral Reasoning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230617957.

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Kvalnes, øyvind. Moral Reasoning at Work. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137532619.

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Kvalnes, Øyvind. Moral Reasoning at Work. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15191-1.

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M, Fulford K. W., Gillett Grant 1950-, and Soskice Janet Martin, eds. Medicine and moral reasoning. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Knowlton, Steven R. Moral reasoning for journalists. 2nd ed. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers, 2008.

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Yli-Luoma, Pertti V. J. Predictors of moral reasoning. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1990.

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M, Fulford K. W., Gillett Grant 1950-, and Soskice Janet Martin, eds. Medicine and moral reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Christians, Clifford G. Media ethics: Cases & moral reasoning. 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 1991.

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Christians, Clifford G. Media ethics: Cases & moral reasoning. 4th ed. New York: Longman, 1995.

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Części książek na temat "Moral Reasoning"

Sykes, Karen M. "Moral Reasoning." In A Companion to Moral Anthropology, 169–85. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118290620.ch10.

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Klebe Treviño, Linda. "Moral reasoning." In The Routledge International Handbook of the Psychology of Morality, 21–25. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003125969-6.

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Banja, John D. "Moral Reasoning." In The Routledge Handbook of Neuroethics, 287–303. New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. | Series: Routledge handbooks in applied ethics: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315708652-22.

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Seok, Bongrae. "Moral Reasoning." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 725–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_142.

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Velasquez, Manuel. "Moral Reasoning." In The Blackwell Guide to Business Ethics, 102–16. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405164771.ch5.

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Reynolds, Kae. "Moral Reasoning." In Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies, 1410–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48129-1_343.

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Palmer, Emma J. "Moral Reasoning Assessment." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1790–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_10.

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Senland, Amie. "Conventional Moral Reasoning." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 413–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_687.

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Senland, Amie. "Preconventional Moral Reasoning." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 1140–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2213.

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Palmer, Emma J. "Moral Reasoning Assessment." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2412–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Moral Reasoning"

López-Villafán, Ricardo, and Everardo Bárcenas. "A Reasoning System for Graded Modal Logic." In 2024 12th International Conference in Software Engineering Research and Innovation (CONISOFT), 228–36. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/conisoft63288.2024.00037.

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Holliday, Wesley H., Matthew Mandelkern, and Cedegao E. Zhang. "Conditional and Modal Reasoning in Large Language Models." In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 3800–3821. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.222.

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Cui, Wanqing, Keping Bi, Jiafeng Guo, and Xueqi Cheng. "MORE: Multi-mOdal REtrieval Augmented Generative Commonsense Reasoning." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024, 1178–92. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.69.

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Artale, Alessandro, Roman Kontchakov, Andrea Mazzullo, and Frank Wolter. "Non-Rigid Designators in Modal and Temporal Free Description Logics." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}, 82–93. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/8.

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Definite descriptions, such as ‘the General Chair of KR 2024’, are a semantically transparent device for object identification in knowledge representation. In first-order modal logic, definite descriptions have been widely investigated for their non-rigidity, which allows them to designate different objects (or none at all) at different states. We propose expressive modal description logics with non-rigid definite descriptions and names, and investigate decidability and complexity of the satisfiability problem. We first systematically link satisfiability for the one-variable fragment of first-order modal logic with counting to our modal description logics. Then, we prove a promising NEXPTIME-completeness result for concept satisfiability for the fundamental epistemic multi-agent logic S5n and its neighbours, and show that some expressive logics that are undecidable with constant domain become decidable (but Ackermann-hard) with expanding domains. Finally, we conduct a fine-grained analysis of decidability of temporal logics.

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Gómez Álvarez, Lucía, and Sebastian Rudolph. "Reasoning in SHIQ with Axiom- and Concept-Level Standpoint Modalities." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}, 383–93. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/36.

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Standpoint logic is a recently proposed modal logic framework that is well-suited for multiperspective reasoning and ontology integration. For this reason, combinations of standpoint logic with description logics (DLs) are of special interest. Prior work has shown that it is possible to add standpoints to numerous decidable fragments of first-order logics - including very expressive DLs up to SROIQbs - while preserving their reasoning complexity, so long as standpoint modalities are limited to the axiom level. A more expressive tighter modal integration, where standpoint modalities are also allowed to occur in concept expressions, has so far only been investigated for the much less expressive DL EL+. In this paper, we push this line of research showing that the DL SHIQ allows for a tight modal integration with standpoints without compromising its ExpTime reasoning complexity. The core insight toward this result is that any satisfiable knowledge base admits a model with only polynomially many worlds, an argument which requires a rather elaborate model-theoretic construction. This allows us to establish a polynomial equisatisfiable translation into plain SHIQ which, beyond showing the theoretical result, enables us to use highly optimised OWL reasoners to provide practical reasoning support for ontology languages extended by standpoint modelling. We complement our findings with the observation that our techniques would fail upon adding the modelling feature of nominals to the underlying DL.

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Wałęga, Przemysław Andrzej. "Expressive Power of Definite Descriptions in Modal Logics." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}, 687–96. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/65.

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Motivated by applications in knowledge representation and reasoning, modal and description logics have been recently extended with definite description operators. Such operators provide us with a tool for referring to a particular element of a model by stating a property satisfied only by this element. This mechanism resembles the way we refer to objects in natural language, which makes it an attractive component of ontology and query languages. In this paper, we aim to provide a tool for analysing the expressive power of logics with definite descriptions. In particular, we introduce an adequate bisimulation notion for the basic modal logic extended with definite descriptions. We exploit the introduced bisimulation to relate expressive power of definite descriptions to other operators and we develop an algorithm for computing the maximal bisimulation between a pair of models. Furthermore, we consider a simplified setting, where expressions used in definite descriptions do not mention modal operators. We show how this restriction impacts our results.

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Zheng, Qi. "Cross-Modal Contrastive Learning for Robust Reasoning in VQA." In 2024 7th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (PRAI), 905–13. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/prai62207.2024.10826861.

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Tulbure, Andrei A., Dermina P. Danciu, Eva H. Dulf, and Adrian A. Tulbure. "A study on multi-modal LLM reasoning for defect detection." In 2024 IEEE 30th International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME), 153–57. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/siitme63973.2024.10814831.

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Lee, Gi-bbeum, Namwoo Kang, and Ji-Hyun Lee. "Human Driver’s Reasoning on Moral Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles: Values and Themes." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001053.

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The computing capacity of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has allowed the public to rediscover the classic trolley dilemma in a modern context. This paper aims to present an in-depth explanation of driver’s moral reasoning for AV moral dilemma situations. Moral dilemma vignettes for AVs were designed based on real crash data and in-depth interviews with drivers. With the vignettes, a thought experiment with 33 participants was conducted; think aloud method and open-ended interviews were used to examine participants’ reasoning processes. This paper qualitatively interpreted the data by thematic analysis. The results suggest that 1) human drivers’ moral reasoning relies on diverse moral values and 2) reasoning can be explained based on safety, justice, and crash context. The results can be used as an analysis and communication tool for AV engineers and machine ethicists to determine how well current AV algorithms convey actual human moral reasoning.

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Ferkova, Stefania, Jitka Derkova, and Martin Kuruc. "THE MORAL REASONING OF PUPILS IN MANAGING CONFLICTS." In 12th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2020.1826.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Moral Reasoning"

Bénabou, Roland, Armin Falk, and Jean Tirole. Narratives, Imperatives, and Moral Reasoning. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24798.

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Boghossian, Peter. Socratic pedagogy, critical thinking, moral reasoning and inmate education : an exploratory study. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5552.

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Lutz, Carsten, and Ulrike Sattler. The Complexity of Reasoning with Boolean Modal Logics (Extended Version). Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.105.

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Since Modal Logics are an extension of Propositional Logic, they provide Boolean operators for constructing complex formulae. However, most Modal Logics do not admit Boolean operators for constructing complex modal parameters to be used in the box and diamond operators. This asymmetry is not present in Boolean Modal Logics, in which box and diamond quantify over arbitrary Boolean combinations of atomic model parameters.

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Horrocks, Ian, and Stephan Tobies. Optimisation of Terminological Reasoning. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.99.

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An extended abstract of this report was submitted to the Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2000). When reasoning in description, modal or temporal logics it is often useful to consider axioms representing universal truths in the domain of discourse. Reasoning with respect to an arbitrary set of axioms is hard, even for relatively inexpressive logics, and it is essential to deal with such axioms in an efficient manner if implemented systems are to be effective in real applications. This is particularly relevant to Description Logics, where subsumption reasoning with respect to a terminology is a fundamental problem. Two optimisation techniques that have proved to be particularly effective in dealing with terminologies are lazy unfolding and absorption. In this paper we seek to improve our theoretical understanding of these important techniques. We define a formal framework that allows the techniques to be precisely described, establish conditions under which they can be safely applied, and prove that, provided these conditions are respected, subsumption testing algorithms will still function correctly. These results are used to show that the procedures used in the FaCT system are correct and, moreover, to show how effiency an be significantly improved, while still retaining the guarantee of correctness, by relaxing the safety conditions for absorption.

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Lutz, Carsten, and Frank Wolter. Modal Logics of Topological Relations. Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.142.

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The eight topological RCC8(or Egenhofer-Franzosa)- relations between spatial regions play a fundamental role in spatial reasoning, spatial and constraint databases, and geographical information systems. In analogy with Halpern and Shoham’s modal logic of time intervals based on the Allen relations, we introduce a family of modal logics equipped with eight modal operators that are interpreted by the RCC8-relations. The semantics is based on region spaces induced by standard topological spaces, in particular the real plane. We investigate the expressive power and computational complexity of the logics obtained in this way. It turns our that, similar to Halpern and Shoham’s logic, the expressive power is rather natural, but the computational behavior is problematic: topological modal logics are usually undecidable and often not even recursively enumerable. This even holds if we restrict ourselves to classes of finite region spaces or to substructures of region spaces induced by topological spaces. We also analyze modal logics based on the set of RCC5relations, with similar results.

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Lutz, Carsten, and Dirk Walther. PDL with Negation of Atomic Programs. Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.129.

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Propositional dynamic logic (PDL) is one of the most succesful variants of modal logic. To make it even more useful for applications, many extensions of PDL have been considered in the literature. A very natural and useful such extension is with negation of programs. Unfortunately, it is long-known that reasoning with the resulting logic is undecidable. In this paper, we consider the extension of PDL with negation of atomic programs, only. We argue that this logic is still useful, e.g. in the context of description logics, and prove that satisfiability is decidable and EXPTIME-complete using an approach based on Büchi tree automata.

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