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Książki na temat „National attribution”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Mita, Marra, and Schwartz Robert, eds. Evaluating the complex: Attribution, contribution, and beyond. Transaction Publishers, 2011.

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Doetsch, Ingeborg E. Höre nicht auf dein Bild zu meisseln!: Zu einem bisher nicht erkannten denkbaren Selbstbildnis des jungen Sandro Botticelli. Shaker Verlag, 2015.

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Brown, David Alan. Berenson and the connoisseurship of Italian painting. Ursus Press, 1995.

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Jens, Möller. Attributionen in Massenmedien: Zum Einfluss nationaler Gruppenzugehörigkeit, Gruppengrösse und Geschlecht auf spontane Ursachenzuschreibungen. Holos, 1993.

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Hacke, Bent. The identification, conservation and restoration of the Black Cross by K.S. Malevich: With an appendix on two attributions. Aarhus University Press, 2016.

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Bibliothèque nationale (France). Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques. Vrai ou faux?: Copier, imiter, falsifier [Exposition Cabinet des Médailles et Antiques, 6 mai-29 octobre 1988]. Bibliothèque nationale, 1988.

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Bibliothèque nationale (France). Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques., ed. Vrai ou faux?: Copier, imiter, falsifier. 2nd ed. Bibliothèque nationale, 1991.

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Guitton, Clement. Modelling Attribution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699994.003.0002.

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How and why does the attribution of an incident become the responsibility of the executive rather than the judiciary? How do the processes of attributing a criminal incident and attributing a national security incident differ? This chapter offers a two-pronged model for attribution, based on the nature of the process either as criminal or as a threat to national security. Criminal cases rarely rise to the level of "national threat," and are mostly dealt with by law enforcement agencies and subsequently by judiciary organizations. Several cases, based on certain criteria, fall within the remit
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Dever, John, and James Dever. Cyberwarfare: Attribution, Preemption, and National Self Defense. Lulu Press, Inc., 2014.

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Evaluating the Complex: Attribution, Contribution and Beyond. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Evaluating the Complex: Attribution, Contribution and Beyond. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Guitton, Clement. Time. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699994.003.0006.

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How important is the time constraint for attribution? How has the time constraint evolved? And what constitutes an appropriate time for attributing cyber attacks? Timing plays a significant role in attribution. The common assumption is that attribution is time-consuming, and warrants efforts to try to reduce the time it takes to identify instigators of cyber attacks. In the context of a national security incident, the rationale continues, this is problematic because fast reaction times are needed to ensure that any response will still be consistent with the fast-changing geopolitical context.
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Guisinger, Alexandra. Could Positive Information Shift National-Level Beliefs? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190651824.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 asks whether changing the types of information provided to voters would sufficiently move public opinion to make such a strategy viable for political actors. Three original survey experiments explore the role of positive factual information, partisan factual information, and simple altruistic framing in shaping opinions. In the first case, a randomly selected half of respondents watched a trade supportive political campaign ad narrated by John McCain. In the second case, respondents received positive messages from experts about the benefits for the United States of the World Trade Or
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Guitton, Clement. Inside the Enemy's Computer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699994.001.0001.

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Attribution — tracing those responsible for a cyber attack — is of primary importance when classifying it as a criminal act, an act of war, or an act of terrorism. Three assumptions dominate current thinking: attribution is a technical problem; it is unsolvable; and it is unique. Approaching attribution as a problem forces us to consider it either as solved or unsolved. Yet attribution is far more nuanced, and is best approached as a process in constant flux, driven by judicial and political pressures. In the criminal context, courts must assess the guilt of criminals, mainly based on technica
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Guitton, Clement. Reliance on Judgement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699994.003.0003.

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What constitutes an authoritative judgment for attribution? Is that the same thing as a sound and universally true judgment? Furthermore, what are the political implications of acknowledging that attribution relies on judgment? Taking account of political judgment brings an important contribution to the debate on attribution by displacing the usual focus on technical constraints to a focus on political ones. It transpires that political judgment for attribution is neither good nor bad; it is fallible but inescapable. Attribution is a process that constantly evolves and is never perfect, due to
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Department of Defense. Cyber Attacks, Attribution, and Deterrence: Case Studies - Stuxnet Attack on Iran, LulzSec, and Estonian Attacks, Protection of Cyberspace and Digital Infrastructure As Vital to National Security. Independently Published, 2017.

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Brown, David Alan. Berenson and the Connoisseurship of Italian Painting. Ursus Press, 1998.

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Aloysius P, Llamzon. Part III Towards a Jurisprudence Constante in Investment Arbitration Decision-Making on Corruption, 10 State Responsibility for Corruption: The Attribution Asymmetry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198714262.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the law on State responsibility for corruption. It argues that the application of the international law on responsibility to transnational corruption issues in investment arbitration should involve bringing States to account for the fulfilment of their national and international anti-corruption obligations, before the issue is allowed to be used for mostly exculpatory reasons. Transnational corruption cannot be combated effectively by focusing and punishing only the foreign investor, which is only one side of the equation. Corruption-plagued states are doomed to repeat th
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Burford, Mark. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634902.003.0001.

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The book opens by unpacking Mahalia Jackson’s January 20, 1952, appearance on the nationally televised CBS variety show Toast of the Town, hosted by Ed Sullivan. Jackson’s performance of the W. Herbert Brewster gospel song “These Are They” raises a host of issues that situates her and contemporary performers within the black gospel field. The Sullivan appearance carried considerable significance for African Americans, introducing both Jackson and black gospel singing to a national television audience. The latter half of the chapter assesses the attribution of exceptionalism to black vernacular
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Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC, Higgins, Webb Philippa, Akande Dapo, Sivakumaran Sandesh, and Sloan James. Part 2 The United Nations: What it is, 13 Responsibility of the United Nations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808312.003.0013.

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The question of the responsibility of international organizations has been considered in depth by international bodies, and has been the subject of Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (DARIO), finalized by the International Law Commission in 2011. However, there are aspects that remain uncertain due to the limited applicability of the principles of state responsibility to the UN, the status of DARIO as progressive development rather than codification of international law, the few express statements on responsibility in international instruments, and scant practi
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Elies, van Sliedregt. Part 2 Attributing Criminal Responsibility, 4 Perpetration and Participation. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560363.003.0004.

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National criminal law has been an important source for drafting provisions of individual criminal responsibility in international law. Notions that we know from national criminal law, such as aiding/abetting, conspiracy and instigation, are used to refer to modalities of criminal responsibility. To gain a better insight into the modalities of participating in international crime as codified in international statutes, they need to be analyzed in light of national criminal law. This chapter discusses five models of participation in crime and international models of participation.
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Elies, van Sliedregt. Part 2 Attributing Criminal Responsibility, 6 Forms of Criminal Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560363.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses forms of criminal responsibility from a comparative and international perspective. They include direct and indirect perpetration, co-perpetration, instigation — including ordering, soliciting, and inducing — planning, and aiding/abetting. These modalities can be referred to as ‘classic’ or ‘general’ in the sense that they feature in most international statutes and have equivalents in national criminal codes, often in the general part. The comparative perspective is important and has been added for two reasons. First of all, because the link with national criminal law is
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Elies, van Sliedregt. Part 2 Attributing Criminal Responsibility, 5 Principals and Accessories. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560363.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses principal and accessorial liability in international criminal law. It analyzes participation models in international criminal law through the lens of the approaches discerned in the previous chapter. When discussing the distinction between principals and accessories in international criminal law, it becomes clear that the normative approach to criminal participation has gained ground in recent years. For that reason, the chapter elaborates on the distinguishing criterion in a normative model of participation, which means answering the question who is ‘most responsible’.
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Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.001.0001.

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The cross-disciplinary Oxford Handbook on the Science of Science Communication contains 47 essays by 57 leading scholars organized into six sections: The first section establishes the need for a science of science communication, provides an overview of the area, examines sources of science knowledge and the ways in which changing media structures affect it, reveals what the public thinks about science, and situates current scientific controversies in their historical contexts. The book’s second part examines challenges to science including difficulties in peer review, rising numbers of retract
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Ige F, Dekker, and Wessel Ramses A. 3 Institutional Structure and the Position of Members, 3.2 Prosecutor v Duško Tadić , Decision on the defence motion for interlocutory appeal on jurisdiction, IT-94-1-AR72, Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, 2 October 1995. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0016.

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The principle of the attribution, or conferral, of powers is undisputed and lies at the heart of debates on the competences of international organizations. A more specific question concerns whether and to which extent organs of an international organization may establish other organs. The importance of the case analysed in the present Chapter, is that it reveals that the competence of an organ to decide on it own competence may be far-reaching. The question arose whether the United Nations Security Council had not exceeded its powers by establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for the
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Naylor, Larry. American Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400610530.

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America, like other modern nations, is characterized by its diversity and can be seen as a complex and fragmented nation-state. Yet an American culture defined by those beliefs, and behaviors that all Americans do share, irrespective of their other cultural affiliations, does exist. This book presents an innovative approach to the issues and aspects in the study of America's unique culture. The real diversity of America is lost in the practice of categorizing people into social (racial or ethnic) groups and then attributing culture to them. While not an exhaustive treatment of the culture, thi
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Santiago, Villalpando. 6 Responsibility, 6.6 Agim Behrami and Bekir Behrami v France , App. No. 71412/01 and Ruzhdi Saramati v France, Germany, and Norway , App. No. 78166/01, European Court of Human Rights, 2 May 2007. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0034.

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In 2007, the European Court of Human Rights issued a landmark decision on the admissibility of two applications (Behrami and Saramati) concerning events that had taken place in Kosovo subsequent to Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). This note examines the two main legal findings of this decision, namely (i) that the impugned actions and omissions were, in principle, attributable to the United Nations, and (ii) that this attribution implied that the respondent states could not be held accountable for such actions and omissions under the Convention. The note deconstructs the reasoning of t
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Otto, Spijkers. 6 Responsibility, 6.9 Nuhanović v Netherlands , Judgment, BZ9225, and Mustafić v Netherlands , Judgment, BZ9228, Supreme Court of The Netherlands, 6 September 2013. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0037.

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The Nuhanović and Mustafić cases deal with the legal responsibility of the Netherlands for acts committed by a battalion of Dutch soldiers, placed at the disposal of the United Nations (UN) to take part in a peacekeeping mission. In its judgment, the Dutch Supreme Court made extensive use of the Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARS), and the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (DARIO) of the International Law Commission (ILC). While the question of attribution is decided on the basis of international law, the wrongfulne
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Moore, William F., and Jane Ann Moore. Standing Together Nobly, 1856. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038464.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on Owen Lovejoy's election to the U.S. Congress in 1856, attributing his victory to various antislavery factors working together to prevent the expansion of slavery. In response to various accusations by the opposition press against the Republicans, including the charge that they were criminals who were breaking the Fugitive Slave Law, members of the Republican Party's Steering Committee developed a new strategy. Lovejoy dubbed this “our short bob sleds” strategy. This chapter first examines the Republicans' implementation of the twin bobsleds strategy before turning to th
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Islam, Md Nazmul. Power of Bonding and Non-Western Emerging Great Powers Engagement. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978723368.

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In international politics, states often strive to maintain their position through either cooperation or force. Soft power theory has emerged as a non-violent approach for states to achieve national interest by utilizing intangible resources. China and India have both successfully employed soft power strategies to expand their influence, , and Pakistan is a relevant case study for examining the soft power of China and India, as it neighbors of both countries. The withdrawal of the United States from Afghanistan has raised questions about how India and China will engage and cooperate in dealing
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Springer, Paul J. Cyber Warfare. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400636486.

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This timely handbook traces the development of cyber capabilities from their roots in information warfare and cryptology to their potential military application in combat. Cyber warfare is gaining prominence as a serious tactic in military conflicts throughout the world. And, as the most network-dependent nation on earth, the United States is the most vulnerable. Military expert and author Paul J. Springer examines the many facets of cyber combat—from the threats of information exposure that American civilians encounter on a daily basis, to the concern of keeping up with the capabilities of Ch
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Flinders, Matthew, Markus Hinterleitner, R. A. W. Rhodes, R. Kent Weaver, and Gergana Dimova, eds. The Politics and Governance of Blame. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198896388.001.0001.

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Abstract From coping with COVID-19 through to the politics of presidential elections, from the emergence of populist pressures through to the management of rising inequality, and from the repair of historical injustices through to the outbreak of new international conflicts—to mention just a few relevant topics—the analysis of modern politics and governance is increasingly framed through a focus on one simple question: ‘Who’s to blame?’ Answering this question is, however, rarely straightforward. Temporal dimensions, bureaucratic complexity, multi-levelled relationships, and the existence of o
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Lefroy, Ted, Allan Curtis, Anthony Jakeman, and James McKee, eds. Landscape Logic. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643103559.

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In 2005, researchers from four Australian universities and CSIRO joined forces with environmental managers from three state agencies and six regional catchment management authorities to answer the question: 'Can we detect the influence of public environmental programs on the condition of our natural resources?' This was prompted by a series of national audits of Australia's environmental programs that could find no evidence of public investment improving the condition of waterways, soils and native vegetation, despite major public programs investing more than $4.2 billion in environmental repa
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