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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Naturally occurring radioactive materials":
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Vearrier, David, John A. Curtis i Michael I. Greenberg. "Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials". Clinical Toxicology 47, nr 5 (czerwiec 2009): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650902997849.
Desideri, D., L. Feduzi, M. A. Meli i C. Roselli. "Leachability of naturally occurring radioactive materials". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 267, nr 3 (marzec 2006): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0085-x.
Fawcett, H. H. "Naturally occurring radioactive materials—principles and practices". Journal of Hazardous Materials 53, nr 1-3 (maj 1997): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(96)01849-3.
Jeffries, C., R. Akber, A. Johnston i B. Cassels. "Regulation of naturally occurring radioactive materials in Australia". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 146, nr 1-3 (22.04.2011): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr141.
Chau, Nguyen Dinh, i Edward Chruściel. "Leaching of technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 65, nr 8 (sierpień 2007): 968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.03.009.
Campos, M. P., i B. R. S. Pecequilo. "Thoron exposure for workers with naturally occurring radioactive materials". International Journal of Low Radiation 4, nr 1 (2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlr.2007.014489.
Kouzes, R., J. Ely, J. Evans, W. Hensley, E. Lepel, J. McDonald, J. Schweppe, E. Siciliano, D. Strom i M. Woodring. "Naturally occurring radioactive materials in cargo at US borders". Packaging, Transport, Storage & Security of Radioactive Material 17, nr 1 (marzec 2006): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174651006x95556.
Burr, Tom, i Kary Myers. "Signatures for several types of naturally occurring radioactive materials". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 66, nr 9 (wrzesień 2008): 1250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.080.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Naturally occurring radioactive materials":
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Nelson, Andrew Wyatt. "Naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with unconventional drilling for natural gas". Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5579.
As unconventional drilling has emerged as a major industry in the US and around the world, many environmental health and pollution risks have surfaced. One emerging concern is the risk of environmental contamination arising from unconventional wastes that are enriched in naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM). Although NORM has been a well-documented contaminant of oil and gas wastes for decades, there are new challenges associated with unconventional drilling. This thesis discusses several of these challenges, focusing on NORM from black shale formations. Chapter 1 provides background information on environmental radioactivity and unconventional drilling. Chapter 2 describes the potential for NORM to migrate into groundwater around unconventional drilling operations. Chapters 3 and 4 describe radiochemical methods developed for the analysis of Marcellus Shale unconventional drilling wastes. Chapter 5 describes environmental partitioning of Marcellus Shale unconventional drilling wastes. Collectively, this thesis attempts to broaden the scientific understanding of NORM in unconventional drilling wastes so that potential environmental impacts may be mitigated.
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Alharbi, Sami Hamad. "Measurements and monitoring of naturally occurring radioactive materials for regulation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98122/1/Sami_Alharbi_Thesis.pdf.
This project investigated the measurement of naturally occurring radioactive material. Such measurements are usually conducted to demonstrate compliance with the national and international requirements for radiation protection. The thesis reviewed the current regulation of these radioactive materials and identified the key regulatory challenges that relevant authorities face when implementing or establishing a regime for NORM. Limitations on the measurement of the release of radon (a radioactive gas) from surfaces were determined. The parameters influencing radon and thoron levels in indoor environments were investigated. The potential use of a broad energy germanium detector for the application of NORM was examined.
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Larijani, C. "Production and evaluation of 236gNp and reference materials for naturally occurring radioactive materials". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/814166/.
This thesis is based on the development of a radiochemical separation scheme capable of separating both 236gNp and 236Pu from a uranium target of natural isotopic composition (~1 g uranium) and ~200 MBq of fission decay products. The isobaric distribution of fission residues produced following the bombardment of a natural uranium target with a beam of 25 MeV protons has been evaluated. Decay analysis of thirteen isobarically distinct fission residues were carried out using high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry at the UK National Physical Laboratory. Stoichiometric abundances were calculated via the determination of absolute activity concentrations associated with the longest-lived members of each isobaric chain. This technique was validated by computational modelling of likely sequential decay processes through an isobaric decay chain. The results were largely in agreement with previously published values for neutron bombardments on natural uranium at energies of 14 MeV. Higher relative yields of products with mass numbers A~110–130 were found, consistent with the increasing yield of these radionuclides as the bombarding energy is increased. Using literature values for the production cross-section for fusion of protons with uranium targets, it is estimated that an upper limit of approximately 250 Bq of activity from the 236Np ground state was produced in this experiment. Using a radiochemical separation scheme, Np and Pu fractions were separated from the produced fission decay products, with analyses of the target-based final reaction products made using Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-resolution α and γ-ray spectrometry. In a separate research theme, reliable measurement of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials is of significance in order to comply with environmental regulations and for radiological protection purposes. The thesis describes the standardisation of three reference materials, namely Sand, Tuff and TiO2 which can serve as quality control materials to achieve traceability, method validation and instrument calibration. The sample preparation, material characterization via γ, α and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the assignment of values for both the 4n Thorium and 4n + 2 Uranium decay series are presented.
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Eitrheim, Eric Steven. "Characterization of wastes pertaining to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and the nuclear fuel cycle". Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5464.
Radioactive wastes from a range of sources are of great concern for their potential to negatively affect the environment and human health. There is a substantial need to develop new methods and techniques for management and disposal that are economically feasible and environmentally suitable. Such methods require better characterization and chemical understanding of these wastes, including advancements pertaining to the interaction between radioactive elements and non-radioactive constituents within the complex waste matrix. This thesis focuses on the fundamental chemistry of three types of waste forms: (1) solid drill cuttings from hydraulic fracturing activities; (2) Weapons grade plutonium; and (3) solid aluminum hydroxide phases associated with Hanford Tank wastes.
The first study characterizes naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in solid “drill cuttings” from hydraulic fracturing activities for natural gas extraction. NORM (uranium (U), thorium (Th), radium (Ra), lead (Pb), and polonium (Po) isotopes) associated with three samples from the Marcellus Shale formation were analyzed using radiometric techniques and found to have elevated radioactivity levels and isotopic disequilibria. NORM mobility within a landfill environment was also evaluated and these studies suggested some leaching of NORM from the solid waste form.
Nuclear weapons technologies have also produced significant amounts of wastes, including some forms can be processed into useable, mixed-oxide (MOX) nuclear fuels. MOX solids require a complete separation of the gallium (Ga) originally present in the original weapons materials from Pu and other actinides to ensure the conversion was effective. A radiochemical method for the separation of Ga, Pu, U, Th, and americium (Am) was developed using chromatographic resins and radiochemical tracers. The innovation within this study included the novel use of 68Ga, an isotope developed for nuclear medicine applications. This research can be translated to nuclear forensics applications because it provides isotope ratios that can be used to determine the method or location of production of the original nuclear weapons material.
The third research area focuses on the fundamental chemistry of the aluminum bearing wastes associated with the Hanford Site in Washington State. These mixed radioactive wastes have large quantities of aluminum (Al) that interferes with effective management and treatment strategies. There is a critical need to improve our fundamental understanding of Al chemistry in these systems to develop methods to improve our ability to work with the current waste streams. For example, Al is known to form oxyhydroxy polyaluminum species, or soluble molecular nanoclusters that exhibit different physical and chemical properties than isolated monomeric or dimeric forms of Al and contribute to much of the problematic chemistry in this system. There are significant challenges for the identification and characterization of these clusters in simple aqueous solutions and in more-complex solutions such as nuclear wastes. This body of work focuses on the isolation and identification of some of these clusters, including three Al30 clusters, and their interaction with other contaminants that are likely to be present in nuclear waste streams. Other clusters, including the elusive aluminum octamer, have also been synthesized and isolated, allowing for further characterization and understanding of these model clusters.
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Liberati, Blake P. "Removal of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material From Flowback/Produced Water From the Hydraulic Fracturing Process". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438968751.
Frignani, Ilaria. "Tecniche di riduzione della quantità di rifiuti prodotti dall’attività di estrazione petrolifera e contenenti NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials)". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
I rifiuti prodotti dall'estrazione petrolifera si presentano come incrostazioni o fanghi oleosi e viscosi, che si formano all'interno delle tubazioni e dei condotti nelle riserve petrolifere, soprattutto in prossimità di angoli e gomiti. Il loro contenuto radioattivo è di origine naturale ed è composto principalmente da Ra-226.
A causa dell'elevata quantità di materiale che supera i valori limite di 10 Bq/g, i NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) rappresentano un notevole problema di rifiuto per l'industria petrolifera.
In questo elaborato si descrivono le proprietà dei materiali NORM ed il metodo della riduzione del volume di incrostazione oleosa.
Inoltre si sviluppa il metodo di digestione acida, analizzando i rifiuti NORM. Lo scopo delle attività di laboratorio è quello di cercare di ridurre la quantità dei rifiuti prodotti dall'estrazione di petrolio, concentrando la radioattività in un'unica fase. Una prova è stata svolta sul campione tal quale, mentre l'altra è stata eseguita sottoponendo il campione ad un pre-trattamento termico.
Infine sono stati descritti alcuni metodi di smaltimento relativi ai rifiuti NORM.
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Shams, Hasan M. "Determination of levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials in lagoon samples containing water from oil fields in the State of Kuwait". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/848601/.
An evaluation of the specific activity concentrations associated with technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) and anthropogenic radionuclides has been undertaken, with particular focus on produced water from the Kuwait oil industry. This work is part of a systematic study to provide a radiological map of the outer boundary of the produced water lagoon located in the Minagish oil field in the south west region of the State of Kuwait. This particular lagoon contains material from the discharge of produced water which is a by-product of oil production in the region. The lagoon samples were prepared and placed into sealed, marinelli beakers for a full gamma-ray spectrometric analysis using a high-resolution, low-background, high-purity germanium detection systems at the University of Surrey Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory. Of particular interest are the calculation of the activity concentrations associated with members of the decay chains following decays of the primordial radionuclides of the 238U chain (226Ra, 214Pb, 214Bi) and the 232Th chain (228Ra, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi, 208Tl), and the enhanced concentrations of radium isotopes. This thesis presents overview of the experimental samples which have been measured and the analysis techniques applied, including isotopic correlation plots across the sample region. The result shows the expected significant increase in 226Ra (and progeny) concentrations compared to the NORM values were taken from outside of the lagoon, with 226Ra activity concentrations ranging from approximately 10 Bq/kg to 2 kBq/kg from different samples. Radium equivalent and hazard indices are calculated for different regions of the pool boundary, with some regions have hardard indices greater than unity, and therefore constituting a potential radiological hazard. The analysis also investigates the correlations between members of the 232Th and 238U chain in these samples, and shows evidence for enhancement of radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra) in the lagoon produced water samples compared to the background levels.
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Alazemi, Naser. "Determination of levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials in environmental samples in the State of Kuwait by high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807973/.
A passively shielded, low-background hyper-pure germanium detector system was used to analyze and determine the radioactivity levels and content of soil samples taken from across the State of Kuwait. Samples were collected from 180 separate locations using a grid pattern with a 10km grid spacing with the result of creating a surface radiological map of the State of Kuwait. It was found that naturally occurring radioactive materials, 238U, 232Th and 40K, had average concentrations of 18.5±4.3, 17.1±4.1 and 410 ±110 Bq/kg respectively. Artificially created radionuclides were not found or were below the minimum level of detection. The Radium Equivalent Activity was determined to be 26.1±2.9 . Analysis was also carried out on isotopic abundances of uranium to determine any locations for evidence of enriched or depleted uranium deposits and/or elevated levels of 226Ra arising from fractionation effects. Typical elemental concentrations of uranium, uhorium and potassium in the samples across Kuwait were found to lie in the range 0.63±0.01 to 2.39±0.04 ppm, 1.34±0.03 to 6.70±0.11 ppm and 0.40±0.03 to 2.53±0.19 ppm respectively. Correlations between uranium, thorium and potassium abundances were measured, with clear correlations between the measured uranium and thorium elemental abundances.
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Torres, Luisa Fernanda. "Holistic Risk Assessment of Surface Water Contamination by Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in Oil Produced Water from the Bakken Shale". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28216.
The risks to the environment and human health due to hydraulic fracturing (HF) in onshore unconventional oil and gas (O&G) development have been studied in the past but results are inconclusive. A common shortcoming in previous studies is the absence of social risk perception and awareness analysis. This thesis research proposes the combination of statistical methods to analyze risks to human health due to improper management of produced water, the major by-product of HF. This study focuses on the Bakken Shale located in North Dakota. A risk assessment of radium-226 was performed from a technical perspective only. A second assessment, focused on lead-210, combined technical analysis with risk perception and awareness of ND residents. Results indicate that the latter offers more holistic information that could greatly contribute to the mitigation of risks in O&G development by creation and implementation of standards and regulations that consider technical and social aspects. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department; North Dakota Water Resources Research Institute Fellowship program; Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department; College of Engineering
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Daggag, Dalia. "Computational Study on Binding of Naturally Occurring Aromatic and Cyclic Amino Acids with Graphene". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/203.
The knowledge on the conformations of amino acids is essential to understand the biochemical behaviors and physical properties of proteins. Comprehensive computational study is focused to understand the conformational landscape of three aromatic amino acids (AAAs): tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Three different density functionals (B3LYP, M06-2X and wB97X-D) were used with two basis sets of 6-31G(d) and 6-31+G(d,p) for geometry optimizations of the conformers of AAAs followed by the vibrational frequencies. The goal was to identify the right choice of density functional theory (DFT) level for conformational analysis of amino acids by comparing the computational data against the available experimental results. Calculated infrared (IR) frequency values indicated that wB97X-D/6-31+G(d,p) level is less favorable than other DFT levels in case of O-H and N-H stretching frequencies for the conformers of AAAs. The C=O stretching frequencies at different computational levels were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Interactions of AAAs (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) and two cyclic amino acids (histidine and proline) individually with two finite-sized graphene sheets (C62H20 and C186H36) were explored using M06-2X/6-31G(d) level. Computational investigations of the binding of amino acids with graphene provide knowledge for designing of new graphene-based biological/biocompatible materials. Selected conformers for each amino acid with different orientations on the surface of graphene were examined. The purpose of computational study on graphene-amino acids interactions was to identify the preferred conformer of amino acid to bind on graphene as well as to find the influence of amino acid binding on the band gap of graphene. Different conformers of AAAs generally prefer parallel orientation through π-π interactions to bind with graphene. However, bent orientation is more preferred over parallel to bind on the surface of graphene in case of conformer having relative energy approximately equal to 5 kcal/mol for all three AAAs. Histidine generally exhibits higher binding affinity than proline to form complex with graphene. The binding energies in the aqueous medium were slightly lower than those obtained in the gas phase with some exceptions. The adsorption of amino acids did not affect the band gap of graphene.
Austin, John H. Naturally occurring and accelerator-produced radioactive materials: 1987 review. Washington, DC: Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.
Rogers and Associates Engineering Corporation. Methods for measuring naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in petroleum production equipment. Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute, 1997.
Western Canadian NORM Committee. Guidelines for the handling of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Western Canada. [Saskatchewan]: The Committee, 1995.
Tex.) Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Conference (1995 Houston. Proceedings of the 1995 API and GRI Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Conference. Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute, 1997.
NORM IV (2004 Szczyrk, Poland). Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM IV): Proceedings of an international conference held in Szczyrk, Poland, 17-21 May 2004. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2005.
Birky, Brian Kent. Evaluation of exposure to technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) in the phosphate industry: Final report. Bartow, Fla: Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, 1998.
Agency, International Atomic Energy, red. Extent of environmental contamination by naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and technological options for mitigation. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2003.
Roelofs, Loes M. M., i Rob B. Wiegers. "New Approaches for the Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials". W Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamäe Site, Estonia, 245–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4092-8_30.
Hondros, J., i R. T. Secen-Hondros. "Australia: Regulation and Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)". W Encyclopedia of Mineral and Energy Policy, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40871-7_137-1.
Nelson, Andrew W., Andrew W. Knight, Dustin May, Eric S. Eitrheim i Michael K. Schultz. "Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) Associated with Unconventional Drilling for Shale Gas". W ACS Symposium Series, 89–128. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2015-1216.ch004.
Braysher, Emma, Ben Russell, Franck Dal Molin i David Read. "Production and Characterisation of Reference Materials in Support of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Industries". W Special Publications, 10–19. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788017732-00010.
Hart, Alan D., Bruce D. Graham, David A. Gettleson, David L. Demorest i Brent W. Smith. "Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials Associated with Offshore Produced Water Discharges in the Gulf Of Mexico". W Produced Water 2, 367–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_34.
Doyi, Israel, David Kofi Essumang, Samuel Dampare i Eric Tetteh Glover. "Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review". W Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 238, 107–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/398_2015_5005.
May, Dustin, i Michael K. Schultz. "Sources and Health Impacts of Chronic Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material of Geologic Origins". W Practical Applications of Medical Geology, 403–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53893-4_13.
Mohamed, Mohammad Abdel Geleel. "The Effect of Climate Changes on the Disposal Facility of Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials in Egypt". W NATO Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 269–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6429-6_19.
Harley, J. H. "Naturally Occurring Sources of Radioactive Contamination". W Radionuclides in the Food Chain, 58–71. London: Springer London, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1610-3_6.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Naturally occurring radioactive materials":
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Carroll, J. F., H. D. Scott, R. A. Gunn i M. S. O'Brien. "Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Logging". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/20616-ms.
Thayer, E. C., i L. M. Racioppi. "Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials: The Next Step". W SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/23500-ms.
Diyashev, R. N., S. F. Takhautdinov, G. P. Antonov, I. R. Diyashev i V. I. Zaitsev. "Disposal of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Oil Production". W SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27216-ms.
Baweja, Anar S., Bliss L. Tracy, Anselmo Salles Paschoa i Friedrich Steinhäusler. "Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Canada". W THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT: 8th International Symposium (NRE VIII). AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2991227.
Mueller, W. F., G. Ilie, H. J. Lange, M. Rotty i W. R. Russ. "In-situ measurements and analysis of naturally occurring radioactive materials". W 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2013.6728063.
Kouzes, R. T., J. H. Ely, B. D. Geelhood, R. R. Hansen, E. A. Lepel, J. E. Schweppe, L. Siciliano, D. J. Stron- i R. A. Warner. "Naturally occurring radioactive materials and medical isotopes at border crossings". W 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1351967.
Ely, J. H., R. T. Kouzes, B. D. Geelhood, J. E. Schweppe i R. A. Warner. "Discrimination of naturally occurring radioactive material in plastic scintillator material". W 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1351968.
Ahmed, A. H. "Naturally occurring radioactive materials in oil drilling wells in the Kurdistan region". W First International Symposium on Urban Development. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isud130231.
Janssen, R. J. J. N., i B. van der Last. "Safe Removal and Disposal of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials From Oilfield Equipment". W European Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/50686-ms.
Miller, H. T., E. D. Bruce i L. M. Cook. "The Management of Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/22879-ms.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Naturally occurring radioactive materials":
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Smith, K. P. An overview of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the petroleum industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10145754.
Smith, K. P. An overview of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the petroleum industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6594778.
Smith, K. P., D. L. Blunt, G. P. Williams i C. L. Tebes. Radiological dose assessment related to management of naturally occurring radioactive materials generated by the petroleum industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/71327.
Smith, K. P., D. L. Blunt, G. P. Williams i C. L. Tebes. Radiological dose assessment related to management of naturally occurring radioactive materials generated by the petroleum industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/414355.
Rood, A. S., i G. J. White. Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Oil and Gas Industry Equipment and Wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/12523.
Harto, Christopher, Karen Smith, Sunita Kamboj i John Quinn. Radiological Dose and Risk Assesssment of Landfill Disposal of Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) in North Dakota. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164520.
Smith, K. P., M. L. Wilkey i R. D. Hames. Bibliography of reports, papers, and presentations on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in petroleum industry wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/578460.
White, G. J., i A. S. Rood. Characterization of the National Petroleum Reserve No. 3 (NPR-3) Site for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2990.
Sleep, Matthew, i Damian Matzen. ADA Accessible Trail Improvement with Naturally Occurring, Sustainable Materials. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.249.
Chalutz, Edo, Michael Wisniewski, Samir Droby, Yael Eilam i Ilan Chet. Mode of Action of Yeast Biocontrol Agents of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613025.bard.
In a previous BARD-supported study, three of the investigators of this research were involved in a study on biological control of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits. Several naturally occurring, non-antibiotic producing yeast antagonists were identified. Application of some of these antagonists resulted in very high levels of biocontrol under laboratory conditions but lower efficacy in semi-commercial tests. It was felt that the lack of knowledge on the mode of action of the biocontrol agents was limiting their efficient use. The current study was aimed at narrowing this gap in our knowledge. Two specific objectives were outlined: to study the mechanism by which calcium salts enhance biocontrol activity and to determine the role, if any, of the yeast extracellular materials and/or enzymes which degrade fungal cell walls during the interaction between the antagonists, the pathogen and the host. CaCl2 but not MgCl2, inhibited spore germination, and germ-tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and P. digitatum in culture. It also inhibited the pectinolytic activity of the pathogens. Biocontrol of apple decay by isolate 182 of Candida oleophila, an effective biocontrol agent, was enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 whereas there was no effect on the biocontrol activity of isolate 247 of this yeast. Similarly, CaCl2 enhanced efficacy of the US-7 isolate of Pichia guilliermondii in reducing infection of P. digitatum in citrus fruit. CaCl2 by itself also reduced the infection of peel wounds and stimulated ethylene production by grapefruit peel. This antagonist exhibited a very high ability to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis when exposed to high CaCl2 concentrations. It is postulated, therefore, that enhanced biocontrol activity by calcium is the result of direct inhibition of the pathogen by calcium ions on spore germination and metabolism and indirectly due to the ability of the biocontrol agent to maintain normal metabolism in the presence of high levels of calcium. The extracellular materials produced by P. guilliermondii in culture and on the fruit inhibited, at low concentrations, the pathogen in culture and reduced percent infection of the fruit. The direct inhibition of the pathogen by these materials may thus be involved in the mode of action of the antagonist. This study contributed to our knowledge on the action of calcium salts and the yeast antagonist extracellular materials on biocontrol activity and will contribute to a more efficient use of this technology in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits.
