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Nowak, Marek. "Do We Finally Know What the Neolithic Is?" Open Archaeology 8, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0204.
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Abstract Over 20 years ago, an inspiring text by Lech Czerniak (The Neolithic – What’s That?) on understanding the concept of the Neolithic was published. For the present author, the Lech Czerniak’s discourse on the Neolithic was for many years and, to a large extent still is, a conceptual basis for understanding and presenting this issue. This contribution is an examination of the current relevance of Lech Czerniak’s theses. Furthermore, starting from this basis, a subjective attempt will be made to put the topic in some order, since a lack of clarity as to what the Neolithic is and what is not hampers and complicates research activities. Particularly, perhaps a fundamental issue will be assessed whether the concept of Neolithic in any measure reflects the past reality or reflects only our perceptions of that past. Conclusions resulted of the argumentation assume that there were indeed different and real Neolithics in the past. However, these Neolithics had a common denominator, in the form of “new” socio-organizational, ideological, mental, and consequently also meaning structures. They were a prerequisite for the existence of the Neolithic formation. Situations that can be labelled as the Neolithic are reflected archaeologically by the predominance of elements of the “Neolithic package” within a given sector of the cultural system.
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Fauzi, Mohammad Ruly. "Signifikansi tembikar tera-tali dari situs Ceruk Landai (Merangin, Jambi) dalam rekonstruksi ekspansi neolitik di bagian barat Indonesia". KALPATARU 26, nr 1 (25.09.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v26i1.229.
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AbstrakEkskavasi situs Ceruk Landai (Kabupaten Merangin, Jambi) berhasil mengungkap adanya dua fase hunian neolitik yang berbeda melalui kajian artefaktual dan kontekstual pada temuan-temuannya. Data menarik diperoleh dari analisis ragam hias tera-tali atau cord-marked, jala, dan belah ketupat yang dihasilkan oleh alat tatap (paddle) yang digunakan (i.e. teknik paddle impressed). Tembikar bermotif hias cord-marked pada lapisan US c di Ceruk Landai membuktikan adanya hubungan antara masyarakat neolitik di Sumatra dengan kompleks tembikar Bau-Malay di Asia Tenggara Daratan. Hal tersebut menjadi bukti adanya kemungkinan ekspansi budaya neolitik dari arah barat melalui Semenanjung Malaya yang kemudian masuk ke Sumatra setidaknya sejak 3000 tahun yang lalu.Kata kunci: tera-tali, tembikar, ragam-hias, neolitikAbstractArchaeological excavation at Landai Rockshelter (Merangin District, Jambi) successfully unearthed two different phases of neolithic habitation through artifactual and contextual analysis on its remains. Interesting result came from the analysis on cord-marked, nets, and rhombus motif appeared on pottery fragments which are made by paddle-impressed technique. Cord-marked pottery from US c layer in Landai Rockshelter established a possible link between neolithic pottery traditions in Sumatra with the Bau-Malay pottery complex in the mainland of Southeast Asia. It became the evidence of a possible expansion of neolithic culture from the west through the Malay Peninsula then move southward into Sumatra at least 3000 years ago.Keywords: cord-marked, pottery, decoration, neolithic
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Kotsakis, Kostas. "Mesolithic to Neolithic in Greece. Continuity, discontinuity or change of course?" Documenta Praehistorica 28 (22.12.2001): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.28.4.
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The paper reviews the status of the Mesolithic/Neolitihc interface in Greece. It is argued that the old dichotomy between “indigenists” and “diffusionists” concerning the neolithization of Greece is simplistic. Instead it is proposed that the discussion should be focused on two separate issues: one factual, emphasizing the form of phenomena and their archaeological description and one interpretive focusing more on content. Concerning the first issue, the hypothesis is made that the discontinuity in the Mesolithic/Neolithic interface is probably the result of the incomplete archaeological record and the biased research on long-term Neolithic sites in Thessaly. As for the second issue, the shift to the Neolithic can be better understood as an effort to control society and its conflicts by manipulating physical and conceptual resources and by constructing new identities.
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Brigić, Dženan. "Gornja Tuzla – prahistorijsko naselje sjeveroistočne Bosne / Gornja Tuzla - Prehistoric settlement of Northeastern Bosnia". Journal of BATHINVS Association ACTA ILLYRICA / Godišnjak Udruženja BATHINVS ACTA ILLYRICA Online ISSN 2744-1318, nr 2 (1.12.2017): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54524/2490-3930.2018.27.
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Gornja Tuzla is located on far slopes mountain Majevica, with upper streamof river Jala, aroun 10km from todays city of Tuzla, in the direction of northeast. This is a rather devastated locality, where the most damage has been done to youngest layer. Most of settlement, whose surface Čović estimates aroun 12 i1 5ha, based on findings of pottery fragments on the ground. Even today, at the bottom of tell, one can see a many fragments of local reddsish pottery from starčevo type. Đuro Basler was the first one who determined the existance of prehistoric settlement when he found grave from iron age. Later, Benac and Čović visited Gornja Tuzla and 1955. Čović opened a first probe, and after learning that cultural layers are going deeper into the ground, he opened another probe 1956, and 1957 where he digged all the way to the sterile soil. Next year, 1958. he opened the biggest probe, probe II (1958) and in that probe he determined complete stratigrapy of neolithich settlement Gornja Tuzla. According to his analysis, VI and deepest layer belongs to Stačevo culture of middle neolithic, and younger layers to the Vinča culture, and the youngest one to eneolithic culture which proved the continuity of life. Second and last excavation has been done in the years 2008/2009 when smaller probe was opened bu the results of research have never been published. Gornja Tuzla represents one of the most important settlements in Bosnia and Hercegovinia considering that with Obre I, has the deepest layers which dates from periodo of middle neolitihic and has the key role in understanding period of transition from middle neolitihic Starčevo to young neolithic Vinča culture.
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Laili, Nurul, i Anton Ferdianto. "Ragam dan Morfoteknologi Artefak di Situs-Situs Neolitik Sepanjang Ci Langla Bagian Hilir, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya". PANALUNGTIK 3, nr 1 (28.09.2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pnk.v3i1.34.
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Neolithic sites in the Karangnunggal Region along Ci Langla, starting from upstream to downstream. This paper will reveal the variety of neolithic artifacts in Ci Langla downstream. Thus it will be known about the activities of human life supporting neolithics in the area. Research on the distribution patterns and influencing factors is expected to be able to provide clues about human behavior patterns in utilizing space. The method used in the cultural approach focuses on archeological material or direct observation of artifacts (artifact oriented analysis). The artifacts analyzed are related to the activities of the adze workshop.
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Cleary, Conor. "Neolithic". New England Review 44, nr 2 (2023): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2023.a901432.
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Stojic, Milorad. "Response to the contribution: On Neolithic authenticity of finds from Belica by Dragana Antonovic and Slavisa Peric". Starinar, nr 63 (2013): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1363301s.
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In the last issue of Starinar (LXII/2012) a contribution On Neolithic Authenticity of Finds from Belica was published. The authors Dragana Antonovic and Slavisa Peric (further A-P), dispute the 'Neolithic' provenience of finds from the village Belica. The reason is based on two articles published by me and possibly the pending publication in T?bingen of my monograph Belica, the Greatest Group Find of Neolithic Artistic Cult Sculpture. A-P based their conclusion that the objects from Belica are not 'Neolithic' on the premise that the pit with these objects did not exist, that the objects are of 'contemporary provenience', most probably made by 'an archeologist-amateur aiming to create confusion in Serbian archaeology', that there are 'no analogies for them', that the site in Belica represents 'a small Neolithic settlement', that 'objects were made mechanically' and that traces of fast revolving 'grinding instruments' are visible on them. Also, A-P cite me as the only author to have written about the find from Belica and who believes that the find belongs to the Neolithic period. Technical, geodetic and photo documentation from systematic excavations, as well as the homogeneity of protostarcevo material confirm the existence of a pit, belonging to early Neolith. Four radiocarbon tests prove, apart from the characteristics of the material and the analogies, that the objects are not 'contemporary provenience' but belong to the Early Neolithic period. In connection with the possibility, as A-P state, that 'an archaeologist-amateur ... dug in the finds in the earth.' aiming to 'produce confusion in Serbian archaeology' I cite here what this 'archaeologist-amateur' needed to know to do this. He needed to shape artistically 93 objects of four typically Neolithic materials, stone, flint, bone and pottery (16 pottery, 66 stone, 11 bone objects) and to dig them in clandestinely, together with some protostarcevo pottery. He would need to find various types of stone which are not found in the region, such as serpentine and albite, and to make several dozen objects from them; to find animal bones (Bos/Cervus), from the protostarcevo period and make a large number of figurines exclusively of this material; then using baked clay (as A-P state), also from the protostarcevo period, make anthropomorphic figurines. He would then have to put all these objects into a pit which he dug out in the centre of the Neolithic site, surrounded by a trench 75 m in diameter and then cover it with a great quantity of ochre. To fill up the pit clay of specific content would have to be transport from somewhere else. He would also need to have excellent knowledge of the religious symbols of Neolith, (particularly the connection of the symbolism of woman and moon, as well as the symbolism of moon, woman, snake etc.), to shape such objects which stylistically, typologically, chronologically and symbolically completely correspond with the cultural tradition of the Stone Age of Europe, Asia Minor, Near and Middle East, including the ambivalent figures (which represent at the same time man and woman, i.e. male and female symbols, otherwise a recent term in archaeology) and to know how the vulva looks immediately before birth which was depicted on all figurines of woman in childbirth in Belica. The statement by A-P that 'there are no analogies' is not correct because numerous analogies are known in Serbia and other parts of the Balkan Peninsula as well as in Asia Minor, the Near and Middle East. As geomagnetic investigations confirm, the protostarcevo settlement in Belica, contrary to the opinion of A-P that it is 'a small Neolithic settlement', is one of the largest settlements from the Early Neolith in Serbia, covering an area of more than 7 ha. Also the statement, that parallel traces, such as those which exist on the surface and in grooves on the stone objects, are the remains of work with 'contemporary grind tools with a large number of rotations' is incorrect. The expertise of professional archeometrologists using a 3D electron microscope in the Institute for geology in Heidelberg and an experiment by conservators from the University in T?bingen confirm that the finish of the outer surface and the finish of grooves on the objects of serpentine (expertise was carried out exactly on objects which A-P explicitly marked as examples of mechanical finish) was done with typical Neolithic techniques. The statement that I was the only one who wrote about the Belica finds and identified them as Neolithic, is also not true. Although it is not important in this discussion about the 'Neolithic originality' of the Belica find, the fact is that apart from me five other authors have written on this subject.
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McNeill, William H. "Neolithic battles". Nature 322, nr 6078 (lipiec 1986): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322416a0.
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Si-Ammour, S. "The Chronology of the Neolithic in Northwest Africa". Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 164, nr 3 (2022): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2022.3.228-242.
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This article considers the chrono-cultural evolution in the Northwest Africa territories during the Neolithic period. A systematic chronology based on specialized literature on the chrono-cultural features of this period in the Sahara and the Maghreb was inferred. It covers the following three major Neolithic currents characteristic of the Neolithic period in Northwest Africa: the Saharan Sudanese Neolithic, the Neolithic of Capsian Tradition, and the Mediterranean Neolithic. These currents were studied using the data on cultural behaviors with some radiocarbon dates. The results obtained revealed the features of the evolution from the Neolithization process to the full establishment of the Neolithic economy of production, as well as, a possible continuity to a Final Neolithic phase that lasted longer in some regions despite other regions that transitioned to the Eneolithic and the Iron Age. It was concluded that the evolution path that determined the characteristics of the Early, Middle, Late, and Final Neolithic phases was almost the same in different territories of the northwestern part of the African continent.
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Nordqvist, Kerkko, i Teemu Mökkönen. "Periodisation of the Neolithic and radiocarbon chronology of the Early Neolithic and the beginning of the Middle Neolithic in Finland". Documenta Praehistorica 44 (3.01.2018): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.44.5.
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This paper discusses the basis of Neolithic periodization used in mainland Finland. It is suggested that the periodization should be revised: boundary between the Middle and Late Neolithic periods should be moved to correspond the appearance of Corded Ware (ca. 2800 calBC), and a term Final Neolithic introduced to cover the final centuries of the Neolithic. This kind of division would reflect changes in the cultural development better than the currently used one. In addition, the chronological frames for the pottery types dated between the late 6th and mid-4th millennium calBC, i.e. the Early Neolithic and the beginning of Middle Neolithic, are presented.
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Nordqvist, Kerkko, i Teemu Mökkönen. "Periodisation of the Neolithic and radiocarbon chronology of the Early Neolithic and the beginning of the Middle Neolithic in Finland". Documenta Praehistorica 44 (3.01.2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.5.
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This paper discusses the basis of Neolithic periodization used in mainland Finland. It is suggested that the periodization should be revised: boundary between the Middle and Late Neolithic periods should be moved to correspond the appearance of Corded Ware (ca. 2800 calBC), and a term Final Neolithic introduced to cover the final centuries of the Neolithic. This kind of division would reflect changes in the cultural development better than the currently used one. In addition, the chronological frames for the pottery types dated between the late 6th and mid-4th millennium calBC, i.e. the Early Neolithic and the beginning of Middle Neolithic, are presented.
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Koo, Ja-Jin. "Review of the middle Neolithic age of the central east coast area seen through Chodang-dong Site". Central Institute of Cultural Heritage 40 (28.02.2023): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20292/jcich.2023.40.1.
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The remains of the middle Neolithic age in the central east coast area had no clear results other than those of Jigyeong-ri, Yangyang. With the excavation of Chodang-dong site, a detailed review of the middle Neolithic age became possible. In Chodang-dong Neolithic site, comb-patterned pottery, stone tools, dwellings, and Open-Air Hearths were investigated.
The study of the Neolithic age in the central east coast area focused on the chronology and the background of the establishment of the Middle Age culture through comb-patterned pottery. The middle Neolithic age of the central east coast area was established under the influence of comb-patterned pottery in the Midwest area. Later, it was thought that comb-patterned pottery, which had the traditional of the southern area was excavated.
The analysis was focused on the relics excavated from the Neolithic site in Chodang-dong. As a result, the lip pattern of the comb-patterned pottery is divided into a single thread and a zip line pattern. Most of the Neolithic site in Chodang-dong are the latter. Some of the site of Gangneung are the former. Comb-patterned pottery engraved with short horizontal and slanted gates have been excavated from the remains of Open-Air Hearths. The Open-Air Hearths of Chodangdong site was intensively used in the late Neolithic age rather than the middle.
Chodang-dong Neolithic site was a large village with many dwellings and Open-Air Hearths in the middle of the Neolithic Age. In the middle Neolithic age, Chodang-dong site were the residential area south of Gyeongpo Lake. Afterwards, in the late Neolithic age, an Open-Air Hearths was installed throughout the first sand dune area. However, he lived in Chodang-dong site and did not use Open-Air Hearths.
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Fregel, Rosa, Fernando L. Méndez, Youssef Bokbot, Dimas Martín-Socas, María D. Camalich-Massieu, Jonathan Santana, Jacob Morales i in. "Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, nr 26 (12.06.2018): 6774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800851115.
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The extent to which prehistoric migrations of farmers influenced the genetic pool of western North Africans remains unclear. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Neolithization process may have happened through the adoption of innovations by local Epipaleolithic communities or by demic diffusion from the Eastern Mediterranean shores or Iberia. Here, we present an analysis of individuals’ genome sequences from Early and Late Neolithic sites in Morocco and from Early Neolithic individuals from southern Iberia. We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans (∼5,000 BCE) are similar to Later Stone Age individuals from the same region and possess an endemic element retained in present-day Maghrebi populations, confirming a long-term genetic continuity in the region. This scenario is consistent with Early Neolithic traditions in North Africa deriving from Epipaleolithic communities that adopted certain agricultural techniques from neighboring populations. Among Eurasian ancient populations, Early Neolithic Moroccans are distantly related to Levantine Natufian hunter-gatherers (∼9,000 BCE) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic farmers (∼6,500 BCE). Late Neolithic (∼3,000 BCE) Moroccans, in contrast, share an Iberian component, supporting theories of trans-Gibraltar gene flow and indicating that Neolithization of North Africa involved both the movement of ideas and people. Lastly, the southern Iberian Early Neolithic samples share the same genetic composition as the Cardial Mediterranean Neolithic culture that reached Iberia ∼5,500 BCE. The cultural and genetic similarities between Iberian and North African Neolithic traditions further reinforce the model of an Iberian migration into the Maghreb.
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Sargent, Andrew. "The Carbon-14 Chronology of the Early and Middle Neolithic of Southern Italy". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, nr 1 (grudzień 1985): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00007015.
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Investigations into the ceramic typology of the southern Italian neolithic have helped little in the understanding of neolithic origins there. In this paper the evidence of the radiocarbon chronology is used to demonstrate the antiquity of the southern Italian neolithic. There are now sufficient sixth millennium bc dates to suggest that the appearance there of a neolithic with mixed impressed and red-painted wares was contemporary with the earliest neolithic of both Greece and the West Mediterranean, while the penetration of those traits further north into Italy seems to have been delayed.
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Kosinskaya, Lyubov Lvovna, Svetlana Nikolaevna Savchenko i Mikhail Gennadievich Zhilin. "Bone and stone industries of the Middle Trans-Urals: continuity and innovation in the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic". Samara Journal of Science 11, nr 4 (1.12.2022): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022114201.
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The paper presents an analysis of bone and stone industries of the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic of the Middle Trans-Urals. Researchers of the Neolithic usually consider that stone and bone inventories played an auxiliary role. But these features are basic for the Mesolithic where ceramic is absent. A comparison of industries of the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic, identification of their semblance and difference is the main indicator of the role of local Late Mesolithic traditions in the formation of Early Neolithic cultures. This research has showed a continuity of bone and stone industries of the Middle Trans-Urals from the Early Mesolithic to Early Neolithic. Main functional groups of bone artefacts, many tool types and methods of their manufacture existed during this whole time period. Transformation of bone industry during the Mesolithic Early Neolithic manifested in emergence of new categories and types of artefacts at every stage of its development. Stone industries of the Middle and Late Mesolithic display great similarity. The continuity in the Mesolithic Early Neolithic stone and bone industries of the Middle Trans-Urals indicates a formation of the Early Neolithic of this territory on the local substrate.
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Banning, E. B. "Housing Neolithic Farmers". Near Eastern Archaeology 66, nr 1-2 (marzec 2003): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3210928.
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Thomas, Julian. "Reading the Neolithic". Anthropology Today 7, nr 3 (czerwiec 1991): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3032793.
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Le Bailly, Matthieu, Urs Leuzinger, Helmut Schlichtherle i Françoise Bouchet. "Diphyllobothrium: Neolithic Parasite?" Journal of Parasitology 91, nr 4 (sierpień 2005): 957–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-3456rn.1.
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McGovern, Patrick E., Donald L. Glusker, Lawrence J. Exner i Mary M. Voigt. "Neolithic resinated wine". Nature 381, nr 6582 (czerwiec 1996): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381480a0.
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Pääbo, Svante. "Neolithic genetic engineering". Nature 398, nr 6724 (marzec 1999): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/18315.
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Richards, Colin, i Julian Thomas. "Rethinking the Neolithic." Man 28, nr 4 (grudzień 1993): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804003.
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Rees, Sian. "Three Neolithic Tombs". Archaeological Journal 167, sup1 (styczeń 2010): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2010.11021481.
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Bender, Barbara. "The Neolithic Rethought". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2, nr 02 (październik 1992): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300000664.
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Dronfield, Jeremy. "Thinking the Neolithic". Antiquity 70, nr 270 (grudzień 1996): 985–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00084301.
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Peacock, David, Lyn Cutler i Peter Woodward. "A Neolithic Voyage". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 39, nr 1 (marzec 2010): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00236.x.
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Edmonds, Mark. "Inhabiting neolithic landscapes". Journal of Quaternary Science 14, nr 6 (październik 1999): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1417(199910)14:6<485::aid-jqs483>3.0.co;2-d.
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Finlayson, Bill, i Cheryl Makarewicz. "Neolithic stereotypes: has South-west Asian archaeology outlived the Neolithic?" Levant 45, nr 2 (listopad 2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0075891413z.00000000029.
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Finlayson, Bill, i Cheryl A. Makarewicz. "Beyond the Jordan". Documenta Praehistorica 47 (1.12.2020): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.4.
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Recent excavations in Jordan have demonstrated a long sequence of development from the late Pleistocene Epipalaeolithic through the early Holocene Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Superficially, the growing body of social and subsistence evidence suggests Neolithic communities emerged from traditions rooted in the early Epipalaeolithic. However, while developments such as the construction of shelters, population aggregation, and subsistence intensification may be essential for the emergence of a Southwest Asian Neolithic, they are typical of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies and not inherently Neolithic. Notably, the Neolithic in Southwest Asia was not a homogenous entity, but instead supported diverse expressions of subsistence, symbolic behaviours, and cultural trajectories across the region. To understand the emergence and development of the Neolithic, we need to examine this richly diverse history and its many constituent pathways.
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Stiner, Mary C., Nuno F. Bicho, John Lindly i Reid Ferring. "Mesolithic to Neolithic transitions: new results from shell-middens in the western Algarve, Portugal". Antiquity 77, nr 295 (marzec 2003): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00061366.
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New research on shell middens in the Algarve region of southern Portugal shows continuity of marine exploitation from the Mesolithic into the early Neolithic periods, where the Neolithic period is defined by the appearance of pottery in c 5500BC. The authors propose that either shellfish remained important to Neolithic people in Portugal or that Mesolithic and Neolithic subsistence strategies co-existed in this area for a relatively long time.
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Williams, Frank L'Engle, i Rebecca George. "Permanent molar trait expression in the Late Neolithic cave burials of the Meuse Basin, Belgium". Dental Anthropology Journal 34, nr 1 (12.01.2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v34i1.307.
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At least 250 cave burials along the Meuse river basin of Belgium yield prehistoric remains, and most date from the Late Neolithic period. Several have been radiocarbon dated, including the early/late Neolithic deposits of Hastière Caverne M and Hastière Trou Garçon C and the final/late Neolithic caves of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame. An additional collective burial, Maurenne Caverne de la Cave is radiocarbon dated to the Middle Neolithic and final/late Neolithic periods, circa 4,635 to 3,830 BP, encompassing the range of dates for the other collective burials. Most individuals are represented by fragmentary gnathic remains with in situ dental elements. Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) scores of permanent molars are employed to examine whether differences within and between the caves exist, and whether chronology and ecogeography can account for the variation in traits. The final/late Neolithic cave of Sclaigneaux, the most geographically distinct cave burial, and Hastière Caverne M, possibly the earliest site, emerge as the most distinctive. The final/late Neolithic sites of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame exhibit the greatest variability of trait expression. These results bear on the mobility and continuity of human groups in Belgium during the terminus of the Neolithic prior to the Bronze Age.
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Horvat, Kristina. "Early Neolithic Settlement Patterns in Northern Dalmatia". Open Archaeology 7, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0159.
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Abstract This article focuses on the early Neolithic settlement patterns in northern Dalmatia, located in the middle of the eastern Adriatic. At the present state of research, a total of 35 Neolithic sites have been known in this region, 26 of which belong to the Early Neolithic. Observing the type and character of the early Neolithic sites, their micro-topographic features, proximity and availability of resources, organization of life in relation to environment requirements, continuity of life at a particular location, and economic strategies, we come to the conclusion that the early Neolithic settlement patterns in northern Dalmatia were determined by natural landscape and its resources. They are the postulate and basis for the development of different aspects of social life and economy, as well as the starting point for the interpretation of the character and dynamics of the development of the early Neolithic communities in this area. The site locations, stratigraphic relations, and radiocarbon dating also suggest movements of the early Neolithic communities. The movements seem to have taken place exclusively within the fields. Discussion whether it was one or several simultaneous communities/settlements remains limited, since the state of research does not allow precise attribution of the site to certain chronological segments of the Early Neolithic.
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Yudin, Aleksandr Ivanovich, i Aleksandr Alekseevich Vybornov. "New data about the early Neolithic of the steppe Volga Region". Samara Journal of Science 7, nr 3 (15.08.2018): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201873210.
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The issue of early Neolithic isolation in various territories is one of the most difficult to study. The early Neolithic steppe Volga Region was unknown for a long time. This is due to the small number of Neolithic monuments in the region of interest. The situation changed after the study of the Varfolomeevskaya site. The lower layer of this reference monument of the Orel culture belonged to the Middle Neolithic, layers 2B and 2A - to the late Neolithic. This version was based on a limited source base and a few radiocarbon dates, some of which were of a debatable nature. New field surveys in 2014-2017 on three excavations in Oroshaemoe Settlement and significant series of radiocarbon dates for various organic materials obtained in various laboratories (including AMS) allowed us to revise the periodization of both the Varfolomeevskaya site and the Oryol culture on the whole. This allows you to make a typological analysis of materials, as well as technical and technological analysis of ceramic implements. Thus, the earliest ceramics are made from silt with a natural admixture of shells of mollusks. The lower layer of the monument is now defined as Early Neolithic, layer 2B - the Middle Neolithic, layer 2A - late Neolithic.
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Kılınç, Gülşah Merve, Dilek Koptekin, Çiğdem Atakuman, Arev Pelin Sümer, Handan Melike Dönertaş, Reyhan Yaka, Cemal Can Bilgin i in. "Archaeogenomic analysis of the first steps of Neolithization in Anatolia and the Aegean". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, nr 1867 (22.11.2017): 20172064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2064.
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The Neolithic transition in west Eurasia occurred in two main steps: the gradual development of sedentism and plant cultivation in the Near East and the subsequent spread of Neolithic cultures into the Aegean and across Europe after 7000 cal BCE. Here, we use published ancient genomes to investigate gene flow events in west Eurasia during the Neolithic transition. We confirm that the Early Neolithic central Anatolians in the ninth millennium BCE were probably descendants of local hunter–gatherers, rather than immigrants from the Levant or Iran. We further study the emergence of post-7000 cal BCE north Aegean Neolithic communities. Although Aegean farmers have frequently been assumed to be colonists originating from either central Anatolia or from the Levant, our findings raise alternative possibilities: north Aegean Neolithic populations may have been the product of multiple westward migrations, including south Anatolian emigrants, or they may have been descendants of local Aegean Mesolithic groups who adopted farming. These scenarios are consistent with the diversity of material cultures among Aegean Neolithic communities and the inheritance of local forager know-how. The demographic and cultural dynamics behind the earliest spread of Neolithic culture in the Aegean could therefore be distinct from the subsequent Neolithization of mainland Europe.
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Novikov, A. G., i O. I. Goriunova. "Results and Prospects of the Study of Neolithic Sites on the Lake Baikal Coast". Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 33 (2020): 54–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2020.33.54.
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The article aims to generalize the information on the Neolithic sites of the Baikal coast identified for all period of the research, to evaluate their significance and prospects for further study. It is based on literary, archival materials and the results of our own field work. A list of objects (93 sites) was determined, their mapping was done, preliminary dating was clarified, data on radiocarbon dates ware collected (48 dates for 12 sites). Among the Neolithic objects, microlayered sites containing pure complexes of this time are the most important. 34 such objects have been recorded along the entire coast of Lake Baikal. Excavations were carried out on 17 of them, the rest of the sites were revealed by small excavation works. Approximately a third of objects (29 sites) are identified based on the collection of exposed material. A significant group is represented by macrolayered objects (30 sites), where the Neolithic materials are in a situation of compression with the complexes of other chronological periods. The unevenness of the archaeological study of the Baikal shore is noted. The Cis-Olkhon region has the greatest scientific potential. 10 microlayered sites (out of 22) were comprehensively excavated on this territory. Enough reliable stratigraphy, geological and geomorphological characteristics, qualitative, informative archaeological material, and the series of radiocarbon dates were obtained. The southwestern Baikal shore sites (3 out of 7 microlayered objects have been excavated) and Chivyrkui Bay (1 out of 3 objects) represented a promising material. These archaeological sites are a reliable source base and pivotal in the study of the regional Neolithic. At present, the largest number of sites with complexes of the Early (16 sites) and Late (13 sites) Neolithic have been identified on the Baikal coast. Complexes of the Middle Neolithic in microlayered position are noted at 6 sites. The complexes of the Cis-Olkhon region and the southwestern Baikal coast are provided with radiocarbon dates. For the Late Neolithic there are 25 reliable dates, for the Early Neolithic – 19 dates, for the Middle Neolithic – 4 dates. According to them, the complexes of the Early Neolithic are dated in the range of 7214–6123 BP (8160–6910 cal BP), Middle Neolithic – 5874–5597 BP (6750–6310 cal BP), Late Neolithic – 4967–4217 BP (5840–4630 cal BP). In general, the Neolithic sites of the Baikal coast have great scientific potential and prospects for future research.
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Lillie, Malcolm C. "The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Ukraine: new radiocarbon determinations for the cemeteries of the Dnieper Rapids Region". Antiquity 72, nr 275 (marzec 1998): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00086385.
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Large Mesolithic and Neolithic cemeteries that span the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition are scarce in Europe. As such, understanding the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition is rarely easy when using the direct evidence from carbon-dating of human remains. A new dating programme for the Ukrainian cemeteries of the Dnieper Rapids region throws up considerable discrepancies between typological seriation as a means to assign burials to the Mesolithic or to the Neolithic and the carbon evidence.
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Bilynska, Sofiia, Andrii Duben, Volodymyr Babyak i Galyna Gnat. "COMPARISON OF NEOLITHIC HOUSING IN JAPAN AND UKRAINE". Innovative Solution in Modern Science 3, nr 39 (19.05.2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.3(39)2020.1.
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The national habitation of Japan and Ukraine during the Neolithic period is studied: comparison of methods of erection of frame structures, influence of lifestyle on the appearance of dwelling in both countries, as well as influence of religion on the arrangement of habitation in Ukraine and Japan, their common and distinctive features. The methods of preserving the architectural monuments in Japan, as well as the forecasts regarding the further state of traditional folk habitation in Ukraine without urgent restoration and renovation.Key words: traditional accommodation, wooden architecture, architecture, Neolith, Trypillia, Ukraine, Japan.
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Waddington, Clive, Peter Marshall i David G. Passmore. "Towards Synthesis: Research and Discovery in Neolithic North-East England". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 77 (2011): 279–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000700.
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The Tweed Valley and its tributaries, and particularly the Milfield Basin in north Northumberland, is an area of strategic significance in the geography of the British Isles and it hosts a rich and varied multi-period archaeological and palaeoenvironmental record. This paper summarises some of the key findings for the Neolithic resulting from a long-term and in-depth landscape research project and provides a new chronological sequence for the Neolithic of the region.Attention is drawn to the discovery of what appears to be a new type of Neolithic structure associated with settlement activity hitherto unrecognised in Britain: post-built timber buildings based on a triangular arrangement of timbers. The paper then turns to a consideration of subsistence and land-use practices and the evidence for cereal agriculture from the immediate outset of the Neolithic in the region. Since 1999 many more radiocarbon measurements have become available for Neolithic activity in the area and, together with those obtained before 1999, have been recalibrated and subjected to Bayesian modelling to produce more precise estimates for Neolithic activity. Important findings include the provision of a more robust estimate for dating the onset of the Neolithic in the region, as well as establishing a chronological framework for the Neolithic–Beaker period ceramic sequence. It also reveals that the current dating available for the henge monuments indicates that this ritual complex most likely dates to the Beaker period and not to the Neolithic proper as they do in some other parts of Britain. Truly ‘Neolithic’ ceremonial monuments in the Milfield Basin remain elusive and few of the potential sites that have so far been identified have yet to be tested by excavation and scientific dating. A clear zoning of rock art is apparent, with hundreds of sites all clustered on the Fellsandstone escarpment, while a variety of Neolithic burial types is attested suggesting the region formed a meeting ground for different cultural influences.
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Karul, Necmi. "The Beginning of the Neolithic in Southeast Anatolia". Documenta Praehistorica 47 (1.12.2020): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.5.
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New research in southeastern Anatolia at Early Neolithic sites has brought a fresh perspective on the emergence of the Neolithic way of life in southwest Asia. In addition to providing more details on the transition to settled life, food production, and technological innovations, this more recent work has increased our understanding of both the time span and geography of the last hunter-gatherers and the earliest farmers in the wider region. Now the picture of the beginning of the Neolithic is more complex and fragmented. This complexity necessitates a multifaceted approach to the questions of the emergence of the Neolithic. In this regard, the data coming from Pre-Pottery Neolithic A sites in southeastern Anatolia, particularly in the Upper Tigris Basin, is remarkable. In this paper the transitional stage to the Neolithic in the region and new data from Gusir Höyük is discussed according to the architectural data.
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Edwards, Benjamin. "A Henge Too Far? Reinterpreting the Neolithic Monument Complex at Milfield, Northumberland". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73 (2007): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027304.
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This paper reinterprets the archaeological evidence from the Neolithic monument complex in the Milfield Basin, Northumberland; a palimpsest landscape of earlier Neolithic enclosures, later Neolithic henges and Early Bronze Age burial monuments. Recent interpretative accounts of the Early Neolithic use of this complex have stressed economic factors as the driving-forces behind enclosure construction, whilst the six major later Neolithic henges have been integrated into a scheme of ritual processions. These interpretations are critically evaluated and the sites are placed in their regional and national context in an attempt to provide a new framework for the use and development of the complex. It is concluded that, far from having simplistic economic functions, the earlier Neolithic enclosures could be unique to the area. Representing the formalisation of a community's attempts to ensure social reproduction in times of change, through the articulation of the difference between circular and linear monumental forms. The re-examination of the later Neolithic evidence raises interesting questions as to how far we can ‘read’ monument complexes, and critically evaluates the extent to which we can argue a unity of purpose for these enigmatic accumulations of the past. Importantly, the reinterpretation of the Neolithic activity in this area exposes how readily archaeologists export social models from other regions, such as Wessex, and attempt to fit very diverse evidence into their framework. This paper concludes that we must continue the definition of the British Neolithic on a more regional basis and accept that core-periphery models, even if not explicitly articulated, have no place in archaeological explanation.
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Wysocki, Michael, Seren Griffiths, Robert Hedges, Alex Bayliss, Tom Higham, Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo i Alasdair Whittle. "Dates, Diet, and Dismemberment: Evidence from the Coldrum Megalithic Monument, Kent". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 79 (17.07.2013): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2013.10.
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We present radiocarbon dates, stable isotope data, and osteological analysis of the remains of a minimum of 17 individuals deposited in the western part of the burial chamber at Coldrum, Kent. This is one of the Medway group of megalithic monuments – sites with shared architectural motifs and no very close parallels elsewhere in Britain – whose location has been seen as important in terms of the origins of Neolithic material culture and practices in Britain. The osteological analysis identified the largest assemblage of cut-marked human bone yet reported from a British early Neolithic chambered tomb; these modifications were probably undertaken as part of burial practices. The stable isotope dataset shows very enrichedδ15N values, the causes of which are not entirely clear, but could include consumption of freshwater fish resources. Bayesian statistical modelling of the radiocarbon dates demonstrates that Coldrum is an early example of a British Neolithic burial monument, though the tomb was perhaps not part of the earliest Neolithic evidence in the Greater Thames Estuary. The site was probably initiated after the first appearance of other early Neolithic regional phenomena including an inhumation burial, early Neolithic pottery and a characteristic early Neolithic post-and-slot structure, and perhaps of Neolithic flint extraction in the Sussex mines. Coldrum is the only site in the Medway monument group to have samples which have been radiocarbon dated, and is important both for regional studies of the early Neolithic and wider narratives of the processes, timing, and tempo of Neolithisation across Britain
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Gaszka, Agata. "Neolithic materials from the main chamber of Ciemna Cave, southern Poland (excavation between 2007 to 2012)". Acta Archaeologica Carpathica 57 (grudzień 2022): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00015229aac.22.001.17455.
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This paper presents the results of the detailed analysis of Neolithic ceramic, stone and bone artefacts found in the main chamber of Ciemna Cave during excavations between 2007 and 2012. The Neolithic materials from Ciemna Cave are connected with Linear Pottery culture, the Lengyel-Polgár cycle (the Malice culture, the Pleszów group, and the Wyciąże-Złotniki group), Funnel Beaker culture and Baden culture. The assemblage is dominated by artefacts linked mainly with the Pleszów group and Baden culture. A noteworthy achievement is the establishment of a stratigraphic correlation between Neolithic materials and artefacts from other archaeological periods. Ciemna Cave is one of Poland’s most influential Neolithic cave sites with numerous diverse Neolithic materials.
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Kempf, Michael. "Take a seed! Revealing Neolithic landscape and agricultural development in the Carpathian Basin through multivariate statistics and environmental modelling". PLOS ONE 16, nr 10 (29.10.2021): e0258206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258206.
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The Carpathian Basin represents the cradle of human agricultural development during the Neolithic period, when large parts were transformed into ‘cultural landscapes’ by first farmers from the Balkans. It is assumed that an Early Neolithic subsistence economy established along the hydrologic systems and on Chernozem soil patches, which developed from loess deposits. However, recent results from soil chemistry and geoarchaeological analyses raised the hypothesis that extensive Chernozem coverage developed from increased land-use activity and that Early Neolithic ‘cultural’ groups were not restricted to loess-covered surfaces but rather preferred hydromorphic soils that formed in the floodplains. This article performs multivariable statistics from large datasets of Neolithic sites in Hungary and allows tracing Early to Late Neolithic site preferences from digital environmental data. Quantitative analyses reveal a strong preference for hydromorphic soils, a significant avoidance of loess-covered areas, and no preference for Chernozem soils throughout the Early Neolithic followed by a strong transformation of site preferences during the Late Neolithic period. These results align with socio-cultural developments, large-scale mobility patterns, and land-use and surface transformation, which shaped the Carpathian Basin and paved the way for the agricultural revolution across Europe.
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Richards, M. P., R. E. M. Hedges, I. Walton, S. Stoddart i C. Malone. "Neolithic diet at the Brochtorff Circle, Malta". European Journal of Archaeology 4, nr 2 (2001): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2001.4.2.253.
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From Neolithic Malta, there is evidence of increasing population size accompanied by increasingly elaborate material culture, including the famous megalithic architecture. Stoddart et al. (1993) argued that social tensions and controls increased as food resources diminished. One important requirement of this argument is that the Neolithic inhabitants of Malta depended entirely on domesticated plants and animals for subsistence and therefore, with increased population sizes, the poor agricultural potential of these islands was stretched. However, it is possible that the consumption of wild foods, particularly marine resources, in the Neolithic would make up any shortfall in the agricultural foods. A direct way of measuring the amounts of marine protein in human diets is through chemical analysis of human bone. Stable isotope analyses undertaken on seven Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon dated humans from the Neolithic at the Brochtorff Circle indicated that there is no evidence for the significant use of marine foods by these Neolithic individuals. These new data indicate that agricultural foods were the dietary staple for this sample of the Maltese Neolithic population and therefore support the argument that increasing population during the Neolithic could have resulted in increasing resource stress.
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Lazaridis, Iosif, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe Acar, Ayşen Açıkkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uğur Akyüz i in. "Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia". Science 377, nr 6609 (26.08.2022): 982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq0762.
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We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.
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Telford, Denise. "The Mesolithic Inheritance: Contrasting Neolithic Monumentality in Eastern and Western Scotland". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 68 (2002): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001547.
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Generalised socio-economic models have in the past been applied wholesale to Neolithic monuments throughout Scotland without taking the country's diverse physical landscape and cultural histories into account. This paper explores whether regional variations in Neolithic monumentality can be paralleled with earlier Mesolithic disparities, and considers to what extent, with the introduction of agriculture, contemporary social systems and thus the ideology underlying monumental construction was affected by geographical factors.It is suggested that:• Contrasts during the Mesolithic between the Western seaboard and the Eastern lowlands/South-east Scotland continue throughout the Neolithic.• The different functions of monuments during the Early Neolithic are generally dictated by divergent topography in Eastern and Western Scotland.• By the later Neolithic social hierarchies emerged in regions suited to agricultural development.
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Haeussler, A. M. "Dental Anthropology of the Neolithic Russian Far East: I Eurasian Russia". Dental Anthropology Journal 13, nr 3 (7.09.2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v13i3.194.
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Dental morphological trait frequencies of Neolithic Russian Far East burials are more similar to those of Neolithic Central and Western Siberia than to percentages found in contemporaneous European Russians and Ukranians. Yet, archaeological evidence fails to indicate a close relationship between the Neolithic Russian Far East and Central and Western Siberia cultures. The Neolithic Far East sample is also dentally and culturally more like coastal prehistoric burials and present-day Eskimo and Chukchi samples from Chukotka than like non-coastal people of the Russian Far East.
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Vasilieva, Irina Nikolaevna. "POTTERY TECHNOLOGY OF NEOLITHIC POPULATION PARKING LEBYAŽINKA I". Samara Journal of Science 4, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20154202.
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The article presents the results of the technological analysis of neolithic ceramics of the lebyazhinka i sabstract. the article presents the results of the technological analysis of neolithic ceramics of the lebyazhinka i site. it is located in the samara region, on the left tributary of the Volga river - the sok river, 1.1 km to the east of the current river channel. the site is one of the latest neolithic monuments which have been known in the Volga region from the time of coexistence of the neolithic and eneolithic populations up to the present. according to the peculiarities of the ornamental traditions, the lebyazhinka i pottery was divided into 6 complexes, within which some ceramics groups were distinguished. the study of pottery technology was conducted in the context of the historical-cultural approach to the study of ancient pottery. it is based on binocular microscopy, trace analysis and on the experiment in the form of physical modeling. all in all, 432 samples (fragments of the upper and bottom parts of the neolithic period vessels) were studied. special study of neolithic ceramics aims to find out the specific character of cultural traditions in pottery of the population of our region at the final stage of the neolithic age, their continuity with earlier neolithic traditions, as well as changes that occurred in the period of coexistence with newly come chalcolithic groups of the population.
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Treasure, Edward R., Darren R. Gröcke, Astrid E. Caseldine i Mike J. Church. "Neolithic Farming and Wild Plant Exploitation in Western Britain: Archaeobotanical and Crop Stable Isotope Evidence from Wales (c. 4000–2200 cal bc)". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 85 (grudzień 2019): 193–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2019.12.
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The introduction of agriculture is a key defining element of the Neolithic, yet considerable debate persists concerning the nature and significance of early farming practices in north-west Europe. This paper reviews archaeobotanical evidence from 95 Neolithic sites (c. 4000–2200 cal bc) in Wales, focusing on wild plant exploitation, the range of crops present, and the significance of cereals in subsistence practices. Cereal cultivation practices in Early Neolithic Wales are also examined using cereal grain stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis. The Early Neolithic period witnessed the widespread uptake of cereals alongside considerable evidence for continued wild plant exploitation, notably hazelnuts and wild fruits. The possibility that wild plants and woodlands were deliberately managed or altered to promote the growth of certain plants is outlined. Small cereal grain assemblages, with little evidence for chaff and weed seeds, are common in the Early Neolithic, whereas cereal-rich sites are rare. Emmer wheat was the dominant crop in the Early Neolithic, while other cereal types were recorded in small quantities. Cereal nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values from Early Neolithic sites provided little evidence for intensive manuring. We suggest that cultivation conditions may have been less intensive when compared to other areas of Britain and Europe. In the later Neolithic period, there is evidence for a decline in the importance of cereals. Finally, the archaeobotanical and crop isotope data from this study are considered within a wider European context.
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Vybornov, Aleksandr, Konstantin Andreev, Anatoly Somov i Marianna Kulkova. "The Neolithic evolution and cultural transformations in the Povolzhye region (Eastern Europe)". Documenta Praehistorica 47 (1.12.2020): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.12.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of Neolithic cultures in the Povolzhye region. Several synchronic archaeological complexes were compared. New data about the development and cultural changes of Neolithic communities were obtained. The processes of transition in the development of Neolithic cultures of the Povolzhye region were considered.
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Richards, M. P., i R. E. M. Hedges. "A Neolithic revolution? New evidence of diet in the British Neolithic". Antiquity 73, nr 282 (grudzień 1999): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00065649.
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Were marine foods still a significant part of the diet in the Early and Middle Neolithic in Britain? This paper presents new evidence, from δ13C measurements of 78 radiocarbon-dated humans from 27 coastal and inland sites in England and Wales, for an apparent abandonment of the use of marine foods in the British Early and Middle Neolithic.