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1

Nurmesa, Adi, Nurhabibah Nurhabibah, and Aji Najihudin. "FORMULASI DAN EVALUAI STABILITAS FISIK PATCH TRANSDERMAL ALKALOID NIKOTIN DAUN TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tobacum Linn) DENGAN VARIASI POLIMER DAN ASAM OLEAT." Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v2i1.124.

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Research on the tobacco leaves nicotine alkaloid (Nicotiana tobacum L) transdermal patch formulation has been carried out as a cigarette dependence therapy with variations in polymers and oleic acid as a penetration enhancer. The purpose of this study is to formulate a stable transdermal patch of nicotine alkaloid tobacco leaf and to see the effect of adding cellulose, PVP and oleic acid to the release of nicotine in vitro. Transdermal patch formulation consists of nicotine alkaloid tobacco leaf, PVP, ethyl cellulose, PVP, PEG 400, propylenglycol and oleic acid. In this study, 3 formulas were
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VAN DER KLAUW, M. M., E. VAN HILLO, W. H. H. W. VAN DEN BERG, E. P. M. BOLSIUS, F. F. J. M. SUTORIUS, and B. H. C. STRICKER. "Vasculitis attributed to the nicotine patch (Nicotinell)." British Journal of Dermatology 134, no. 2 (1996): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.05726.x.

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VAN DER KLAUW, M. M., E. VAN HILLO, W. H. H. W. VAN DEN BERG, E. P. M. BOLSIUS, F. F. J. M. SUTORIUS, and B. H. C. STRICKER. "Vasculitis attributed to the nicotine patch (Nicotinell)." British Journal of Dermatology 134, no. 2 (1996): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07630.x.

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&NA;. "Nicotine patch news." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 927 (1994): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409270-00038.

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Page, Stephen J., Mingyan Zhu, and Suzanne M. Appleyard. "Effects of acute and chronic nicotine on catecholamine neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 316, no. 1 (2019): R38—R49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00344.2017.

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Nicotine is an addictive drug that has broad effects throughout the brain. One site of action is the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where nicotine initiates a stress response and modulates cardiovascular and gastric function through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Catecholamine (CA) neurons in the NTS influence stress and gastric and cardiovascular reflexes, making them potential mediators of nicotine’s effects; however nicotine’s effect on these neurons is unknown. Here, we determined nicotine’s actions on NTS-CA neurons by use of patch-clamp techniques in brain slices from
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Hurt, Richard D., James E. Krook, Ivana T. Croghan, et al. "Nicotine Patch Therapy Based on Smoking Rate Followed by Bupropion for Prevention of Relapse to Smoking." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 5 (2003): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.08.160.

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Purpose: To determine whether (1) tailored nicotine patch therapy that is based on smoking rate can be carried out in a multisite oncology investigative group practice setting, (2) long-term use of bupropion reduces the rate of relapse to smoking in smokers who stop smoking with nicotine patch therapy, and (3) bupropion can initiate smoking abstinence among smokers who have failed to stop smoking after nicotine patch therapy. Participants and Methods: Fourteen North Central Cancer Treatment Group sites recruited generally healthy adult smokers from the general population for nicotine patch the
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Hatsukami, Dorothy K., Louise A. Hertsgaard, Rachel I. Vogel, et al. "Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes and Nicotine Patch." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 22, no. 6 (2013): 1015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1439.

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&NA;. "Nicotine patch studies ???reassuring???" Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 888 (1993): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199308880-00001.

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&NA;. "Nicotine patch no panacea." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 913 (1993): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199309130-00033.

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&NA;. "???Second generation??? nicotine patch." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 827 (1992): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199208270-00040.

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Färm, Gunilla. "Contact allergy to nicotine from a nicotine patch." Contact Dermatitis 29, no. 4 (1993): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03545.x.

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Kalra, Roma, Shashi P. Singh, Juan C. Pena-Philippides, Raymond J. Langley, Seddigheh Razani-Boroujerdi, and Mohan L. Sopori. "Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nicotine Administered by Patch in an Animal Model." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 3 (2004): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.3.563-568.2004.

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ABSTRACT To study the immunological effects of nicotine, there are several rodent models for chronic nicotine administration. These models include subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pumps, nicotine-spiked drinking water, and self-administration via jugular cannulae. Administration of nicotine via these routes affects the immune system. Smokers frequently use nicotine patches to quit smoking, and the immunological effects of nicotine patches are largely unknown. To determine whether the nicotine patch affects the immune system, nicotine patches were affixed daily onto the backs of Lewis rats
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Armstrong, Lucas C., Glenn E. Kirsch, Nikolai B. Fedorov та ін. "High-Throughput Patch Clamp Screening in Human α6-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors". SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 22, № 6 (2017): 686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555217696794.

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Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco products, is an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. The subtypes of nAChR are defined by their α- and β-subunit composition. The α6β2β3 nAChR subtype is expressed in terminals of dopaminergic neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens and striatum and modulate dopamine release in brain regions involved in nicotine addiction. Although subtype-dependent selectivity of nicotine is well documented, subtype-selective profiles of other tobacco product constituents are largely unknown and could be essential for understand
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Abdrakhmanova, Galya R., Shakir AlSharari, Minho Kang, M. Imad Damaj та Hamid I. Akbarali. "α7-nAChR-mediated suppression of hyperexcitability of colonic dorsal root ganglia neurons in experimental colitis". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, № 3 (2010): G761—G768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00175.2010.

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Controlled clinical trials of nicotine transdermal patch for treatment of ulcerative colitis have been shown to improve histological and global clinical scores of colitis. Here we report that nicotine (1 μM) suppresses in vitro hyperexcitability of colonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) (L1–L2) neurons in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse model of acute colonic inflammation. Nicotine gradually reduced regenerative multiple-spike action potentials in colitis mice to a single action potential. Nicotine's effect on hyperexcitability of inflamed neurons was blocked in the presence of an α7
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Rao, Goutham. "A nicotine patch plus nicotine nasal spray was more effective than a nicotine patch alone for smoking cessation." ACP Journal Club 131, no. 1 (1999): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/acpjc-1999-131-1-012.

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Rao, G. "A nicotine patch plus nicotine nasal spray was more effective than a nicotine patch alone for smoking cessation." Evidence-Based Mental Health 2, no. 3 (1999): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.2.3.73.

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Babynets, Liliia, and Zoreslava Onufryk. "Smoking: Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Possibilities of Medical Correction (Literature Review)." Family Medicine, no. 2-3 (July 30, 2021): 92–95. https://doi.org/10.30841/2307-5112.2-3.2021.240774.

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The smoking epidemic is one of the greatest threats to human health, as it is the leading cause of death worldwide, as well as many preventable diseases. Diseases associated with smoking include cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, osteoporosis and others. The aim is to analyze information on the pathogenetic mechanisms of tobacco exposure and methods of its drug correction. Among the 4,000 chemicals identified in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the main active ingredient in tobacco products. It is highly toxi
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&NA;. "Nicotine patch toxicity during exercise." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 586 (1996): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199605860-00007.

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&NA;. "Nicotine patch toxicity during exercise." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1022 (1996): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199610220-00046.

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Punzo, Christine, John Hodgson, and Jeffrey L. Fox. "Companies Battle Over Nicotine Patch." Nature Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (1992): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0192-10.

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Kratzer, Anisa M., and Sally A. Wolfgang. "Nicotine patch needs to breathe." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 55, no. 13 (1998): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/55.13.1413.

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Cummings, K. Michael, Andrew Hyland, Brian Fix, et al. "Free Nicotine Patch Giveaway Program." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 31, no. 2 (2006): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.027.

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Dale, Lowell C. "High-Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy." JAMA 274, no. 17 (1995): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03530170033028.

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Lahad, Amnon. "Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 1 (1994): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03520010042028.

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Lahad, A. "Nicotine patch for smoking cessation." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 1 (1994): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.272.1.32.

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Rose, Jed E., Frederique M. Behm, Eric C. Westman, Edward D. Levin, Roy M. Stein, and Gail V. Ripka. "Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone." Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 56, no. 1 (1994): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.105.

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Sudan, Bernard J. L. "Nicotine Hypersensitivity in Inflammatory Dermatoses: A Systematic Review of Evidence for Nicotine as a Cutaneous Hapten." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 9, no. 7 (2025): 7941–53. https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v9i7.1325.

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Background: Inflammatory dermatoses, such as seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and atopic dermatitis (AD), affect a significant portion of the population, yet their precise etiology often remains debated. Nicotine, a ubiquitous alkaloid primarily associated with tobacco but also present in certain plants and therapeutic products, has been proposed as a potential hapten capable of triggering hypersensitivity reactions manifesting as inflammatory skin conditions. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the existing evidence supporting the role of nicotine as a cutaneous hapten involved in the pathophy
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Hurt, Richard D., Lowell C. Dale, Kenneth P. Offord, et al. "Serum nicotine and cotinine levels during nicotine-patch therapy." Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 54, no. 1 (1993): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1993.117.

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Haddad, Ibrahim, Anas Samman, Todd Pearson, Sajin Karakattu, and Jayant Mehta. "COMBINED NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (NICOTINE PATCH AND SHORT ACTING NICOTINE) VS NICOTINE PATCH FOR SMOKING CESSATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS." Chest 158, no. 4 (2020): A2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2014.

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Walker, Natalie, Marjolein Verbiest, Tomasz Kurdziel, et al. "Effectiveness and safety of nicotine patches combined with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (2019): e023659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023659.

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IntroductionEvidence indicates e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking; however, more confirmatory trials are needed. To date, no trials have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of combining nicotine patches with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation.Methods and analysisThis study is a pragmatic, three-arm, community-based, single-blind, randomised trial undertaken in New Zealand. Eligible participants are daily/non-daily smokers, aged ≥18 years, naive e-cigarette users and motivated to quit smoking in the next 2 weeks. Participants (n=1809), recruited using multi
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McCarthy, Danielle E., and Mark V. Versella. "Quitting Failure and Success With and Without Using Medication: Latent Classes of Abstinence and Adherence to Nicotine Monotherapy, Combination Therapy, and Varenicline." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 11 (2018): 1488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty157.

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Abstract Introduction Nonadherence to pharmacotherapies complicates studies of comparative pharmacotherapy effectiveness. Modeling adherence and abstinence simultaneously may facilitate analysis of both treatment acceptability and effectiveness. Methods Secondary analyses of a three-arm randomized comparative trial of nicotine patch, varenicline, and combination nicotine patch and lozenge among adult daily smokers (N = 1086) were conducted. Adherence rates collected via interactive voice response systems during the first 27 days of quitting were compared across treatment conditions. Repeated m
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Jamali, Qutub. "Galantamine as a Treatment Option for Nicotine Addiction." Journal of Smoking Cessation 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9975811.

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The pharmacological therapy for smoking cessation recommended by National Institute for Health and care Excellence (NICE) guidelines is nicotine replacement therapy such as gum, inhalator, lozenge, nasal spray, oral spray, sublingual tablet, and transdermal patch. Medications such as bupropion and varenicline are also used. Varenicline is the only established drug used to alleviate symptoms of craving as it acts as a partial nicotine agonist. Galantamine has a similar mechanism of action where it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic receptor agonist. However, varenicline is the o
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Maharaj, Kumar, and Sharon Ternullo. "Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Treating Nicotine Addiction in Adolescents." Journal of School Nursing 17, no. 5 (2001): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405010170050801.

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Cigarette smoking is the greatest cause of preventable death and disability in the United States. More than 3,000 children in the United States begin smoking each day. Smokers experience withdrawal symptoms that can be ameliorated by pharmacological interventions. These interventions include Zyban (Bupropion HCl), Nicorette gum, Habitrol patch, Nicoderm patch, Nicotrol inhaler, and Nicotrol NS spray, along with their generic counterparts. This article reviews each of these agents, the time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and presents a framewo
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Smith, Todd A., Roy F. House, Ivana T. Croghan, et al. "Nicotine Patch Therapy in Adolescent Smokers." Pediatrics 98, no. 4 (1996): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.4.659.

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Objective. To evaluate the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of 24-hour nicotine patch therapy in adolescent smokers who were trying to stop smoking. Design. Nonrandomized, open-label, 6-month clinical trial. Setting. Five public high schools in the Rochester, MN, area. Subjects. Twenty-two adolescent smokers, aged 13 through 17 years, with current smoking rate of 20 or more cigarettes per day (cpd). Intervention. Daily nicotine patch therapy for 8 weeks (22 mg/d for 6 weeks followed by 11 mg/d for 2 weeks). Weekly individual behavioral counseling and group support continued for 8 weeks with fol
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Gilbert, David G., Bryant M. Stone, and Norka E. Rabinovich. "Overdose symptoms and positive affect in never-established smokers are moderated by nicotine patch type: A between-subjects experimental investigation." F1000Research 11 (August 16, 2022): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.124015.1.

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Background: A growing number of studies have assessed the effects of acute nicotine on affect, cognition, and brain activity in never-established smokers in attempts to identify mechanisms by which nicotine promotes progression to dependence. However, these acute administration studies have not adequately addressed the problem of potential adverse side effects due to lack of tolerance, such as nausea, feelings of sickness, lightheadedness, and general negative affect and malaise – a term referred to as nicotine overdose events (NODEs). Thus, we report the first study to carefully characterize
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Lane, James D., Eric C. Westman, Gail V. Ripka, Jhili Wu, Chin-Chih Chiang, and Jed E. Rose. "Pharmacokinetics of a Transdermal Nicotine Patch Compared to Nicotine Gum." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 19, no. 16 (1993): 1999–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049309069337.

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Ebbert, Jon O., Jason A. Post, Thomas P. Moyer, Lowell C. Dale, Darrell R. Schroeder, and Richard D. Hurt. "Nicotine percentage replacement among smokeless tobacco users with nicotine patch." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 89, no. 2-3 (2007): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.034.

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Liu, L., W. Zhu, Z. S. Zhang, et al. "Nicotine Inhibits Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels and Sensitizes Vanilloid Receptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 4 (2004): 1482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00922.2003.

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Nicotine is an alkaloid that is used by large numbers of people. When taken into the body, it produces a myriad of physiological actions that occur primarily through the activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We have explored its ability to modulate TRPV1 receptors and voltage-gated sodium channels. The reason for investigating nicotine's effect on sodium channels is to obtain a better understanding of its anti-nociceptive properties. The reasons for investigating its effects on capsaicin-activated TRPV1 channels are to understand how it may modulate this channel th
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Silver, Archie A., R. Douglas Shytle, and Paul R. Sanberg. "Clinical Experience With Transdermal Nicotine Patch in Tourette Syndrome." CNS Spectrums 4, no. 2 (1999): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900011408.

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AbstractStemming from the finding that nicotine potentiates haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats, nicotine in the form of nicotine gum and as transdermal nicotine patch (TNP) has been used in open-label studies to obtund motor and vocal tics of children (age≥8 years, weighi≥25 kg), adolescents, and adults. Reduction of tics was seen during chewing of nicotine gum; the improvement lasted no longer than 1 hour after chewing. With a TNP in subjects who were not responding well to a variety of dopamine blockers, with some also receiving clonidine or a variety of selective serotonin reuptake inhib
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Rose, Jed E., and James M. Davis. "Combination Lorcaserin and Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation Without Weight Gain." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 9 (2019): 1627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz149.

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Abstract Introduction This study explored the efficacy of combination lorcaserin and nicotine patch for smoking cessation treatment and prevention of postsmoking cessation weight gain. Methods We conducted a trial in which 61 adult daily smokers were asked to quit smoking using a combination of lorcaserin and nicotine patch. During the first 2 weeks of treatment prior to the quit day, participants were randomized to receive either lorcaserin (10 mg twice daily) plus nicotine patch (21 mg) or placebo plus nicotine patch (21 mg). Following this 2-week period, participants received both medicatio
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Yash, V. Rasal, and R. Dhale* Chaitali. "RECENT METHODOLOGIES ON BUCCAL TRANSDERMAL PATCH." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 3, no. 1 (2024): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10939880.

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The drugs which held and applied in area of buccal cavities are known as buccal transdermal patches. A transdermal patch is a patch that is placed on the skin of mouth to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. The patch is removed from the mouth and disposed of after a specified time. The highest selling transdermal patch in world is the nicotine patch, which releases nicotine in controlled doses to facilitate with termination of tobacco smoking. There are different methods used for preparation of buccal patch such as solvent casting method, Spray dryi
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&NA;. "Nicotine patch: analysis of adverse effects." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 696 (1998): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199806960-00001.

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&NA;. "Nicotine patch use unrelated to MI." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 858 (2001): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200108580-00006.

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&NA;. "Nicotine patch use unrelated to MI." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1294 (2001): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200112940-00053.

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Williams, E. Lynne, and Ren?? Tempelhoff. "Transdermal Nicotine Patch and General Anesthesia." Anesthesia & Analgesia 76, no. 4 (1993): 907???908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199304000-00053.

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&NA;. "Second nicotine patch approved in USA." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 818 (1991): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199108180-00068.

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Anandarajan, Tharani, Prashant Tibrewal, and Rohan Dhillon. "Manic exacerbation induced by nicotine patch." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 46, no. 4 (2012): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867411432216.

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Mittleman, Murray A. "Smoking while Wearing a Nicotine Patch." Annals of Internal Medicine 122, no. 6 (1995): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00022.

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Warner Jr, James G. "Smoking while Wearing a Nicotine Patch." Annals of Internal Medicine 122, no. 6 (1995): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00023.

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Jackson, Matthew. "Cerebral arterial narrowing with nicotine patch." Lancet 342, no. 8865 (1993): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92323-l.

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