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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Non-irritating concentration”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Won, Ha Kyeong, Min-Suk Yang, Woo-Jung Song, et al. "Determining Non-Irritating Concentration for Intradermal Skin Test with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics in Korean Adults." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 137, no. 2 (2016): AB36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.119.

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Zhao, Xiao En. "Study on the Pathway of CS Stimulant with KMnO₄ Solution." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.199.

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On base of the main decomposition approaches for CS, the decontamination pathway on CS stimulant with KMnO4 solution was studied through the UV tests. In this paper, with the purpose of safe decontamination for environment, KMnO4 solution has been chosen to change the CS into non-toxic and non-irritating substances with boric acid as catalyst by oxidation-reduction reaction. The results of test showed that KMnO4 solution at the low concentration can finish the effective and safe decontamination of CS in a short time, which was also in accordance with the requirements of human security.

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Azzahrah, Rufaidah, Noorma Rosita, Djoko Agus Purwanto, and Widji Soeratri. "The Effect of Decyl Glucoside on Stability and Irritability of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers-Green Tea Extract as Topical Preparations." JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA 9, no. 3 (2022): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v9i32022.220-228.

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Background: Green Tea Extract (GTE) is a natural antioxidant compound that can protect the skin from photocarcinogenesis (DNA damage due to ultraviolet exposure). GTE has low stability, which needs a delivery system such as Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) with decyl glucoside (DG) as a natural surfactant that at the right concentration can produce a significantly small particle size which can improve the stability of the NLC. Objective: To determine the effect of DG usage on the characteristics, physical stability, and irritability of NLC-GTE preparation. Methods: NLC-GTE preparation used

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Neeba, Babu, Sheji Annmary, T. P. Athira, Sahadevan Chethana, Rajadas Parvathi, and P. S. Shabeer. "Formulation Development of Caffeine Topical Gel with Natural Gelling Agents." Journal of Advances in Experimental Therapeutics and Neurotherapeutics 2, no. 2 (2024): 14–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14172477.

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<em>When applied to the skin, topical products containing caffeine may have anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory properties of caffeine can assist in reducing skin redness, swelling, and inflammation. It is therefore ideal for treating skin that is irritated or sensitive. The formulation is based on caffeine, Carbopol, flaxseed, fenugreek and lemon oil. The caffeine as an active ingredient has anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and skin-softening properties. Carbopol is a non-irritating and non-toxic gelling chemical that is perfect for gel preparation. It functions well as a stabili

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Sugihartini, Nining, Candra Hibatul Wafi, and Na’imatul Aufa. "Physical stability test and irritation test of lotion moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract with variation concentration." BIO Web of Conferences 148 (2024): 01007. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414801007.

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Leaves of Moringa oleifera have sunscreen activity formulated in lotion form. The stability and safety of a cosmetic preparation must be considered. This research aimed to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of Moringa oleifera leaves extract in lotion on the irritating power and stability of the preparation. Ethanol extract from Moringa oleifera leaves was obtained by maceration method with 50% ethanol solvent. The lotion preparation contains variations extract concentrations of 1% (FI), 3% (FII), 5% (FIII). The preparations were stored in a climatic chamber at 40 ± 2°C wi

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6

Zhukova, D. G., E. S. Fedenko, and A. A. Yudin. "Optimal drugs concentrations and doses for allergological diagnostics of perioperative drugs hypersensitivity reactions." Russian Journal of Allergy 12, no. 1 (2015): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja475.

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Background. The study aimed to develop the optimal concentration and doses of drugs for examination of perioperative drug’s hypersensitivity reactions. Methods. The protocol of allergological examination included clinical, laboratory methods and tests in vivo: skin tests (prick-, intradermal, patch- test) with neuromuscular blockers, opioids, radiocontrast medias, colloids, hypnotics; patch-test with povidon-iodine, chlorhexidine; dosing provocative test (including investigation of blood, nasal secretion eosinophilia, serum tryptase measurements) with antibiotics, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory

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7

Agustin, Eriska, and Aknes Pratiwi. "The Utilization of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Extract Nanoemulsion as Natural Pigment in Lip Cream Preparations." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 10 (2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i10.6242.

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Lip cream is a semi-solid lipstick preparation. One of the important ingredients in lipcream preparations is a variety of colorants. Secang wood contains the active compound brazilin which gives it a yellow to purple color which can be used as a natural dye. The conventional lip cream preparations from extracts have low homogeneity and unstable, so it is necessary to increase the stability of the preparation by making a nanoemulsion of secang wood extract which is incorporated into the lip cream preparation. The preparation of 10% secang wood extract nanoemulsion preparation using Tween 80, Vi

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Larsen, S. Thor, J. Stilund Hansen, M. Hammer, Y. Alarie, and G. Damgård Nielsen. "Effects of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on the respiratory tract in BALB/c mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 23, no. 11 (2004): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht486oa.

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Airborne mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was studied for acute airway effects using a bioassay with BALB/c mice. Concentration-and time-dependent effects were obtained by continuous monitoring of the breathing pattern during exposure to 0.3-43.6 mg/m3 MEHP for 60 min. Additionally, inflammatory effects of MEHP were studied from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. MEHP showed no upper airway irritating effect. Lower airway irritation was apparent from a concentration-dependent decrease in tidal volume (shallow respiration) with a no-observed effect level (NOEL) of 0.3 mg/m3. The respiratory

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9

Chechet, O. M., and V. L. Kovalenko. "Study of the safety and harmlessness of a disinfectant in laboratory animals." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 8, no. 1-2 (2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2022-8-1-2-4.

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The work aimed to investigate the effect of the disinfectant ‘Diolaid’ based on sodium chlorite and sodium chloride on acute toxicity indicators, as well as on blood parameters of laboratory animals. The experiments were carried out on 6-month-old clinically healthy male rats (5 groups, 6 animals in each group, n = 30) and female rats (5 groups, 6 animals in each group, n = 30) weighing 200–220 g. The drug was administered to animals intragastrically (by probe) and aerosol treatment of cells with animals was carried out. Separately we studied the skin-irritating and sensitizing action of the d

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Burnett, Christina L., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Safety Assessment of Citrus Flower- and Leaf-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 40, no. 3_suppl (2021): 53S—76S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10915818211040477.

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The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 33 Citrus flower- and leaf-derived ingredients, which are most frequently reported to function in cosmetics as fragrances and/or skin-conditioning agents. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing similar constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. With Citrus flower- and leaf-derived ing

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Yan, Xieguo, Shiqiang Wang, and Kaoxiang Sun. "Long-Acting Risperidone Dual Control System: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (2021): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081210.

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Schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, requires long-term treatment; however, large fluctuations in blood drug concentration increase the risk of adverse reactions. We prepared a long-term risperidone (RIS) implantation system that can stabilize RIS release and established in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation systems. Cumulative release, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency were used as evaluation indicators to evaluate the effects of different pore formers, polymer ratios, porogen concentrations, and oil–water ratios on a RIS implant (RIS-IM). We also built a mathematical model to identify the

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Brezvyn, O. M., I. Ya Kotsiumbas, A. F. Obrazhei, et al. "Study of toxicological parameters in laboratory animals under the influence of hypochloritic acid in a chronic experiment." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 26, no. 115 (2024): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11501.

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The article presents materials on studying toxicological parameters in laboratory animals under hypochlorite acid obtained by electrolysis. It was established that the intra-gastric administration of a solution of hypochlorous acid in a concentration of 50 and 150 mg/l does not lead to systemic disturbances in the functional state of the most important organs and systems of the body and does not cause a decrease in the level of physical capabilities in experimental animals. At the same time, using a concentration of 300 mg/l caused a slight reduction in the physical capabilities of the experim

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13

Sugihartini, Nining, Zainab Zainab, and Aji Pamungkas. "PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST AND ETHANOL CREAM IRRITATION TEST OF Moringa oleifera L." Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 6, no. 2 (2021): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v6i2.675.

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The development of topical dosage forms of Moringa leaf extract cream has been carried out because of its properties that can moisturize the skin. A pharamceutical preparation must meet the requirements of stability and non toxic. The study aimed to determine the effect of variations un the concentration ethanol extract cream of Moringa leaf of physical stability and irritability. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was obtained by maceration method with 50% ethanol solvent. The extract was then formulated in the form of O/W base scarring with concentrations of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), and 5% (F3). Cre

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Novi Lestari, Iskandarsyah, and Ahmad Aulia Jusuf. "Stability of High Concentration Capsaicin in Transfersome Carriers in Gel Dosage Form." Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 3, no. 1 (2023): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v3i1.2316.

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Topical capsaicin with high concentrations (8%) is effective in the treatment of pain in Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) and HIV-Associated Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy (HIV-DSP) patients. High concentrations of capsaicin encapsulated in transfersome nanovesicles aim to reduce the irritating ability of capsaicin when using as drugs. Gel preparations were chosen in the formulation because they are non-sticky, easy to wash, easy to apply, and more practical. The components contained in the gel affect the stability of the gel. Physical and chemical stability tests need to be carried out to ensure

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Dobha, Nidhi. "FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMLODIPINE LOADED IN-SITU FILM FORMING HYDROGEN FOR DERMAL DRUG DELIVERY." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 3 (2022): 4928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i3.2357.

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Present work involves the development of novel in situ film-forming hydrogels (FFH) consisting of primarily Carbopol 934P, HPMC E50 LV and PEG 400. Here, propylene glycol was employed as a permeation enhancer for studying its effect in the formation of FFH and drug permeation. Prepared formulations were assessed for various parameters. Prepared FFH was uniform in weight and thickness with acceptable pH, viscosity and spreadability. Prepared FFH was able to form the in- situ film on the skin surface within 7min. propylene glycol was found to have a direct relationship with moisture content, moi

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Fiume, Monice M., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Amended Safety Assessment of Fatty Acyl Sarcosines and Sarcosinate Salts as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 40, no. 2_suppl (2021): 117S—133S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10915818211023881.

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The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 5 acyl sarcosines and 9 sarcosinate salts as used in cosmetics; all of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as hair conditioning agents and most also can function as surfactants—cleansing agents. The ingredients reviewed in this assessment are composed of an amide comprising a fatty acyl residue and sarcosine and are either free acids or simple salts thereof. The Panel relied on relevant new data, including concentration of use, and considered data from the previous Panel report, such as the react

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Gminski, Richard, Rainer Marutzky, Sebastian Kevekordes, et al. "Chemosensory irritations and pulmonary effects of acute exposure to emissions from oriented strand board." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 9 (2010): 1204–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110388537.

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Due to the reduction of air change rates in low-energy houses, the contribution to indoor air quality of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitting from oriented strand boards (OSB) has become increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate sensory irritations, pulmonary effects and odor annoyance of emissions from OSB in healthy human volunteers compared to clean air. Twenty-four healthy non-smokers were exposed to clean air and OSB emissions for 2 h under controlled conditions in a 48 m3 test chamber at three different time points: to fresh OSB panels and to the same panels aft

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Kirisawa, Rikio, Rika Kato, Koichi Furusaki, and Takashi Onodera. "Universal Virucidal Activity of Calcium Bicarbonate Mesoscopic Crystals That Provides an Effective and Biosafe Disinfectant." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020262.

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We investigated the virucidal effects in solution of a new type of disinfectant, calcium bicarbonate mesoscopic crystals, designated CAC-717, against various types of virus. CAC-717 in solution is alkaline (pH 12.4) and has a self-electromotive force that generates pulsed electrical fields. Upon application to human skin, the pH of the solution becomes 8.4. CAC-717 contains no harmful chemicals and is thus non-irritating and harmless to humans and animals. Its virucidal effects were tested against six types of animal virus: enveloped double-strand (ds)-DNA viruses, non-enveloped ds-DNA viruses

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Tantin, Ermawati, Lestari Sri, and Dwi Uswatul Maghfiro Krystanti. "The Inhibition of Green Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Extract Against Streptococcus Viridans Root Canals of Teeth." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 03, no. 03 (2023): 576–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7787618.

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  <strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Streptococcus viridans is the most frequently isolated bacterium from infected root canals (63%) and the leading cause of life-threatening sub-acute endocarditis (35%). The use of 2.5% NaOCl as a root canal irrigation material has disadvantages, it is a bad smell and taste, causing allergies, irritating and toxic, so other alternatives are needed. The green okra fruit extract has secondary antibacterial metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids.   <strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aims to

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Muse, Menra, J. S. Dua, and D. N. Prasad. "A REVIEW ON BUCCAL FILM: AN INOVATIVE DOSAGE FORM." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 01 (2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.01.10706.

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Buccal administration of drugs leads to systemic circulation through internal jugular vein, bypassing them from hepatic first pass metabolism and leading to greater bioavailability. Buccal mucosa is most preferred site for both local as well as systemic action. For administration of drug through mucosal route, various types of dosage forms can be prepared. Buccal films can release topical drugs with controlled and sustained effects. Buccal films have the advantage of improved patient compliance because of reduced size with a suitable thickness as compare to other delivery systems. Buccal film

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C Ulfa, Cut Fatia, Meutia Zuhra, Rini Safriani, and Fitri Yani. "Formulation of Robusta Coffee Bean (Coffea Robusta Lindl. Ex De Will) Ethanol Extract Peel-off Mask Preparation." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. VIII (2024): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.908044.

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Ultraviolet rays and other factors that form free radicals can cause accelerated skin aging. Robusta coffee (Coffea robusta Lindl. Ex De Will) contains xanthin alkaloids and chlorogenic acid that has antioxidant activity. This is an experimental study that aims to formulate ethanol from robusta coffee beans into a peel-off mask preparation and test various quality parameters. Robusta coffee bean ethanol extracted by maceration and made into 1%, 3%, and 5% concentration peel-off mask respectively. Peel-off mask preparations then undergo several tests including homogeneity, viscosity, pH, stabil

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Sihombing, Juliana. "FORMULATION OF GEL MASK MASK- Off EXTRACT ARABIKA COFFEE LEAF ETANOL (Coffea Arabica) AS ANTI- AGING." JURNAL FARMANESIA 9, no. 2 (2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jf.v9i2.4606.

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Arabica coffee leaves (coffea Arabica L.) are known to contain flavonoids which have antioxidant activity. This study aims to find out whether arabica coffee leaf extract can be formulated in the form of anti-meat pell-off gel mask preparations. The gel dosage formula is made by comparing the concentration of arabica coffee leaf ethanol extract with formulas 1%, 3% and 5% . The gel that is formed is tested for physical properties and stability. viscosity value of viscosity of 7500-27050cps, spread power of 5-.7.5 cm. Pell-off mask preparation for homogeneous produced arabica coffee leaf ethano

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Szabó, Katalin, Géza Makkai, János Konkoly, et al. "TRPA1 Covalent Ligand JT010 Modifies T Lymphocyte Activation." Biomolecules 14, no. 6 (2024): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14060632.

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Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cation channel involved in sensitivity to a plethora of irritating agents and endogenous mediators of oxidative stress. TRPA1 influences neuroinflammation and macrophage and lymphocyte functions, but its role is controversial in immune cells. We reported earlier a detectable, but orders-of-magnitude-lower level of Trpa1 mRNA in monocytes and lymphocytes than in sensory neurons by qRT-PCR analyses of cells from lymphoid organs of mice. Our present goals were to (a) further elucidate the expression of Trpa1 mRNA in immune cells by

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Doutsi, Maria, Maria C. Vlachou, Christos Koukiotis, Margaritis Kostoglou, and Thodoris D. Karapantsios. "Experimental Investigation of Stability of Emulsions Produced by Catastrophic Phase Inversion Using Non-Ionic Surfactants." Colloids and Interfaces 9, no. 1 (2025): 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids9010006.

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Emulsions stabilized by environmentally friendly surfactants have been at the center of research attention over recent decades. Non-ionic surfactants with good biodegradability, while being non-toxic and non-irritating, have dominated in this area. For a chosen system, the main goal is to engineer its properties for smaller droplet sizes and better stability, a process which is mainly derived from the emulsification method. In the present study, Ethylan 1005 and Ethylan 1008 were used as stabilizers, both alone and combined at different ratios, in eco-friendly emulsions produced by paraffin oi

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Fajar, In Rahmi Fatria, Dewi Rahma Fitri, and Fitra Napitupulu. "Preparation and Evaluation Of Lip Balm Containing Apricot Seed Oil As Moisturizer." SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 15, no. 1 (2024): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2024.422.

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Lip balm is a preparation used or applied on the lips to protect the lips from adverse environmental effects and prevent dry lips. Apricot seed oil is one of the oils that contain essential fatty acids, namely linoleic acid and oleic acid, thus it can be used as an excellent skin moisturizer. Objective this study aims to make a lip balm preparation formula containing apricot seed oil as a lip moisturizer. The research method used was an experimental design which included testing the quality of the oil, making lip balm preparations with optimization of apricot oil concentration, evaluated the q

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S, Panji Ratih, Sih Wahyu R, Erna Fitriyany, Cikra I, Finna Calya, and Septiana Sari. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PEMBUATAN SABUN CAIR." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 5, no. 3 (2023): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v5i3.392.

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Utilization of household waste in Indonesia is still very rarely done, one of which is the use of garlic skin waste. From research by Allemann & Baumann in 2008, garlic skin is rich in antioxidant compounds so it can protect skin cells from free radical damage if used as a skincare product, one of which is liquid bath soap for the body. This research aims to formulate garlic skin extract as liquid soap. The concentration used is 10%. The liquid soap formulation used was 17 g of SLS, 3 g of NaCl, 9 g of Cocamidopropyl Betaine, 9 g of Glycerin, Fragrances, and Dyes to taste. Garlic skin extr

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Sudewi, Sudewi, Nilsya Febrika Zebua, and Aulia Milda. "Formulasi Sediaan Krim Menggunakan Kolagen Tulang Itik Air (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Sebagai Anti Aging." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research 1, no. 3 (2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/jharma.v1i3.615.

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The collagen content in the human body decreases with age. One solution to reduce these negative effects is the application of collagen in various cosmetic and medicinal products. In the bones contain a lot of collagen and one of them is found in the water duck bone that has not been treated and is the result of waste. This study aims to make an anti- aging cream preparation resep from water duck bone collagen that can eliminate wrinkles, blemishes, shrink pores and smooth the skin. This research uses an experimental method using water duck bone test material. Stages of research include extrac

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Tak, Deepika, Rimpy, Tarun Kumar, and Munish Ahuja. "Optimization of the Interaction between Diclofenac and Ibuprofen with Benzalkonium Chloride to Prepare Ocular Nanosuspension." Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation 13, no. 4 (2020): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872211314666191218105826.

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Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most commonly used in the management of ocular inflammations. These drugs have poorly aqueous solubility and weakly acidic nature. They interact with cationic quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride, used as a preservative in ophthalmic formulations, to form insoluble complexes. To overcome this incompatibility solubilizers like polysorbate 80, lysine salts, tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate etc. are used which are quite irritating and affect the corneal integrity. Objective: The objective of the present study is to formul

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Nurvabilla, Resha, Selly Harnesa Putri, and Asri Widyasanti. "Formulasi ekstrak fraksi etanol kulit biji kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai antioksidan alami pada sabun padat." Agrointek : Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian 18, no. 4 (2024): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v18i4.20433.

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A cocoa bean shell is a waste from cocoa bean processing that contains active compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins, where these compounds are antioxidant compounds that can be utilized as natural antioxidants in soap. This study aimed to determine the formulation by adding cocoa bean shell extract that produces solid soap with the highest antioxidant activity according to SNI 3532:2021. The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method was used in this study with concentration treatments, which were F0 = 0% (w/v), F1 = 1% (w/v), F2 = 2% (w/v), F3 = 3% (w/v), F4 = 4% (w/v)

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Mahal, Raff ah K., and Fatima Al-Gawhari. "Design, Development and Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Ocular Delivery of an Antifungal Agent." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 01 (2023): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.53.

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Oral and intravenous dosing of the second-generation antifungal drug voriconazole (VCZ), with its wide range of antifungal action, is commercially accessible. Visual and hepatic problems might occur when VCZ is used in large doses. Voriconazole SLNs were prepared in this study with the goal of increasing corneal penetration and drug release. The thin fi lm hydration approach was used to make VCZ SLNs. The central composite experimental design was used to maximize the impacts of independent processing factors on vesicle size (R1), drug entrapment effi ciency (%EE) and zeta potential (ZP; R3) re

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Maimunah, Siti, and Andre Prayoga. "Formulation of Red Beet (Beta vulgaris. L) and Aloe Vera (Aloe vera) Gel Extracts as Anti-Aging." JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS 9, no. 2 (2023): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v9i2.4478.

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Anti-Aging can prevent or slow down the effects of skin aging. This study aims to formulate extracts of beetroot (Beta vulgaris. L) and Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera) in gel preparations and test their anti-aging effectiveness. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Sari Mutiara Indonesia. The tools used are skin analyzer and moisture checker. B. vulgaris Samples from Brastagi, Karo Regency and A.vera taken from Rantauprapat, Labuhan Batu Regency. Methods of implementation Beet extraction was extracted with 96% ethanol solvent, and A.vera extract from t

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Ureta, Romnick, Siegfred Mejico, and Yvonne Maranan. "Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Antioxidants of Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. (Pennywort): Baseline Study in Developing Biocosmetic-Antidote for Pathological Aging." International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 10 (July 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.10.1.

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Pathological aging due to harmful free radicals and oxidative stress has been a serious threat to human health (Kensella & He, 2008). Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity, antioxidants, essential vitamins, and physicochemical properties of Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. (Pennywort) which could serve as basis in developing a biocosmetic antidote for pathological aging. H.vulgaris L. plant was harvested, air dried and then extracted via soxhlet. UV-vis spectroscopy was used for scavenging activity and antioxidants of the plant while High Performance Liquid Chromato

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Shubhra Rai, Gopal Rai, and Ashish Budhrani. "Development, Optimisation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Lipospheres." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4389.

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Lipospheres represent a novel type of fat-based encapsulation system produced for the topical drug delivery of bioactive compounds. The goal of this research work was to develop lipospheres, including ketoprofen applied for topical skin drug delivery. Ketoprofen lipospheres were formulated by melt emulsification method using stearic acid and Phospholipon® 90G. The lipospheres were analysed in terms of particle size and morphology, entrapment efficiency, Differential scanning calorimetry, In-vitro drug release, In-vivo (Anti-inflammatory activity). Outcomes of research revealed that particle si

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Johansen, Bianca, Raphaël E. Duval, and Jean-Christophe Sergere. "Antimicrobial Spectrum of Titroleane™: A New Potent Anti-Infective Agent." Antibiotics 9, no. 7 (2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070391.

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Tea Tree oil (TTO) is well known for its numerous good properties but might be also irritating or toxic when used topically or ingested, thus limiting the number of possible applications in Humans. The aim of the study was to characterize the antimicrobial spectrum as well as the toxicity of Titroleane™, a new anti-infective agent obtained from TTO but cleared of its toxic monoterpenes part. The susceptibility to Titroleane™ of various pathogens (bacteria and fungi) encountered in animal and human health was studied in comparison with that of TTO. Antimicrobial screening was carried out using

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Brownridge, P. "Shivering Related to Epidural Blockade with Bupivacaine in Labour, and the Influence of Epidural Pethidine." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 14, no. 4 (1986): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8601400414.

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A prospective survey of two hundred patients who received an epidural block in labour was performed in order to determine the incidence and severity of shivering, and the influence of likely associated factors. Twenty-two of the patients who shivered took part in a double-blind trial to see if epidural pethidine 25 mg, versus saline, had any effect upon shivering. Fifty per cent of patients shivered soon after the initial dose of bupivacaine. Shivering was more common among patients who had experienced shivering before epidural block, and in those who had received nitrous oxide (P<0.005). P

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Yanasan, Nareekan, Worrapon Wangkananon, Surapol Natakankitkul, and Kanokwan Kiattisin. "Nanoemulsions Containing Passiflora quadrangularis L. Fruit Extracts for Cosmetic Application and Skin Efficacy Study." Cosmetics 11, no. 2 (2024): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11020057.

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This study aimed to determine the anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase activities of Passiflora quadrangularis fruit extracts (epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed), develop stable nanoemulsions, and evaluate the efficacy of the nanoemulsions containing extracts in human volunteers. The results indicated that the epicarp and seed extracts exhibited collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition effects. Gallic acid was identified in the extracts, with the highest concentration found in the endocarp extract (1449.35 mg gallic acid/g extract) followed by the seed extract

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KB, Erande, and Kayande NR. "Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Gel from Garlic Powder." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 04 (2024): 619–24. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.4.1.

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Introduction: Garlic has long been recognized for its antifungal properties, but could not find strong place in formulation and development due to the unstable nature of allicin, a sulfur-rich compound present in garlic, referred to as di-allyl thiosulfinate, plays a key role in inhibiting fungal growth. Objectives: Purpose of the study was to use microwave-processed garlic powder in formulation and development of multipurpose antifungal gel using carbopol as a gelling polymer. Materials and Methods: Antifungal Susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI guidelines using processed garlic

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Yuanita, Tamara, Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum, and Mega Selvia. "The Difference of Antibacterial Power Between Cocoa Peel (Theobroma cacao) Extract 6% Compared to NaOCL 5% Againts Lactobacillus acidophilus." Conservative Dentistry Journal 11, no. 2 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v11i2.2021.67-71.

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Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria which mostly causes chronic caries lesions. In the process of cavity preparation it is reported that it is not possible to remove all microorganisms and even bacteria can survive even after removal of the necrotic tissue. Efforts to stop the growth of these bacteria are by chemical cavity cleanser using a 5% NaOCl, but this material have disadvantages including irritating periradicular tissue, unpleasant odor, and toxicity. Due to its disadvantages, it is hoped that natural ingredients can be used as alternatives. Coc

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Ongayo, Shayne C., Karyl Anne B. Seda, Oscar Jacob T. Pospia, Argie A. Lolo, Jea Margarette R. Edillor, and Jade Stephanie B. Cerezo. "Biochemical Analysis of Skin of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) as a Potential Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 5 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2025.v05i05.001.

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Atopic dermatitis is a long-lasting or chronic disease and is a relevant disease everywhere, especially in tropical areas such as the Philippines. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-contagious disease that can be irritating and challenging to manage. Its severity and location influence treatment options, and adults are more prone to developing severe cases that can be difficult to cure. This study aims to determine the biochemical components of milkfish (Chanos chanos) skin, particularly its fatty acid content, as a potential treatment for atopic dermatitis. This research used a quantitative-

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Shayne, C. Ongayo, Anne B. Seda Karyl, Jacob T. Pospia Oscar, A. Lolo Argie, Margarette R. Edillor Jea, and Stephanie B. Cerezo Jade. "Biochemical Analysis of Skin of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) as a Potential Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (CJMS) 5, no. 5 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2025.v05i05.001.

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<strong>Atopic dermatitis is a long-lasting or chronic disease and is a relevant disease everywhere, especially in tropical areas such as the Philippines. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-contagious disease that can be irritating and challenging to manage. Its severity and location influence treatment options, and adults are more prone to developing severe cases that can be difficult to cure. This study aims to determine the biochemical components of milkfish (Chanos chanos) skin, particularly its fatty acid content, as a potential treatment for atopic dermatitis. This research used a quant

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Nikolaieva, Ya Yu, and D. O. Hlavachek. "Study of acute toxicity parameters of diclofenac sodium by different methods of administration." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 27, no. 4 (2023): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2023-27(4)-02.

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Annotation. The purpose of the work was to determine and investigate the parameters of the toxic effect of the substance diclofenac sodium in different ways of entering the body of warm-blooded animals. To achieve this goal, diclofenac sodium was administered to animals once and acute toxic effects were studied in white mice, non-linear white rats, and short-haired guinea pig under the conditions of intragastric, transdermal, and intranasal administration. The criteria for the toxicity of the studied compound (sodium diclofenac) were DL50 and CL50, using the probit analysis method. In addition

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Kaban, Vera Estefania, Nasri Nasri, Hariyadi Dharmawan Syahputra, and Junius Gian Ginting. "Lip Cream Formulation from Miana Leaf Extract (Coleus scutellarioides L.) As A Natural Dye." NSMRJ: Nusantara Scientific Medical Research Journal 2, no. 02 (2023): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.58549/nsmrj.v2i02.80.

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    Abstrack The miana leaves (Coleus scutellarioides L.) contain flavonoids that can provide specific dyes. The purpose of the study was to formulate miana leaf extract in lip cream preparations as natural dyes. The use of natural lip cream dyes is a solution to overcome the problem of synthetic lip cream dyes. One of the plants such as the miana leaves contains secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids which can provide dyes. The natural colors found in miana leaves can be used as natural dyes in cosmetics. The purpose of the study was to determine at wh

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Dharmayanti, Luky. "PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BIJI KESUMBA KELING ( Bixa orellana L) SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI PADA SEDIAN LIPSTIK." Jurnal Ilmiah Pharmacy 7, no. 2 (2020): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52161/jiphar.v7i2.172.

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Lipstick (Lipstick) is a cosmetic sedan that is used to color the lips with an artistic touch so as to enhance aesthetics in facial makeup. One of the plants that can be used as natural dyes is kelumba keling (Bixa orellana L). Kesumba rivet contains bixsin and nonbixin compounds, which can be used as natural dyes that have the potential as antioxidants. The aim of this study is to utilize kelumba keling as a natural coloring agent in lipstick sedans.Making Keeling keumba seed extract by maceration using 70% ethanol as a solvent. The formulation was made by means of a lipstick base added with

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Chauhan, Shikha Baghel, Tanveer Naved, and Nayyar Parvez. "FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF ETHINYLESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE: IN VITRO EVALUATION." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i1.28564.

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Objective: The combination therapy of ethinylestradiol and testosterone in post-menopausal females has shown improved sexual response and libido. The present studies were designed to develop a suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) of ethinylestradiol and testosterone using the polymer chitosan.Methods: Five formulations (ET1 to ET5) were developed by varying the concentration of polymer and keeping the drug load constant. Physical parameters and drug excipient interaction studies were evaluated in all the formulations. In vitro skin permeation profiles of ethinylestradio

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Chen, Tingting, Changjin Xu, Min Wang, et al. "Preparation of Patchouli Oil Microemulsion Gel and Its Topical Application to Ameliorate Atopic Dermatitis in Mice." Gels 10, no. 12 (2024): 796. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120796.

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Patchouli oil (PO) is a natural substance famous for its immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by epidermal gene mutations, skin barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation, making patchouli volatile oil a potential candidate for AD treatment. Initially, PO was mixed with ethyl oleate (EO), castor oil ethoxylated ether-40 (EL-40), anhydrous ethanol, and water to form a patchouli oil microemulsion (PO-ME) system. The formulation ratios were optimized using the Box–Behnken design-effect surface method, and their products were characterized for

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Turkina, V. A., O. V. Tretiakova, B. P. Kuzminov, and S. Sh Zhuk. "Lonzabac GA biocide standardization in air based on marker volatile compound." Environment & Health, no. 1 (106) (March 2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.01.051.

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Lonzabac GA (active ingredient – cocopropylenediamineguanidine acetate) is used as basic component in manufacturing surface and medical instrument disinfectants. In Ukraine, disinfectants are subject to sanitary standardization and obtaining of marketing authorization. Given that the active ingredient Lonzabac GA is non-volatile, the question came up of detecting volatile compounds that can get into the air during its use, with subsequent establishment of a marker compound to be used to monitor the air quality. The objective of this paper was to study the toxicity of LONZABAC GA at laboratory

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Marks, Clive A. "Fumigation of rabbit warrens with chloropicrin produces poor welfare outcomes - a review." Wildlife Research 36, no. 4 (2009): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06128.

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Chloropicrin (CLPN) is used in Australia and New Zealand as a warren fumigant for the control of exotic European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) but is no longer registered for this purpose in the United States or the European Union. This review summarises the mammalian toxicology and clinical records from 56 accounts where signs, symptoms and pathology have been related to a range of CLPN concentrations. The approach follows a general principle where an assessment of the humaneness of vertebrate pest control techniques should be firstly based upon a thorough synopsis of published behavioural,

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Chauhan, Shikha Baghel, Tanveer Naved, and Nayyar Parvez. "EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC POLYMER MATRIX ON THE TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY OF ETHINYLESTRADIOL AND MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i1.29886.

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Objective: The aims of the present study were to develop different matrix patches with various ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer combinations such as ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and eudragit RL 100 (ERL) and eudragit RS 100 (ERS) containing ethinylestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate and to perform physicochemical characterization and in vitro permeation studies through rat skin.Methods: Six formulations (F1 to F6) were developed by varying the concentration of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer and keeping the drug load constant. Physical paramet

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De Grau-Bassal, Guillermo, Ana Cristina Calpena-Campmany, Marcelle Silva-Abreu, et al. "Emulgel Containing Metronidazole and Clindamycin for the Treatment of Rosacea." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 2 (2025): 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020168.

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Rosacea is a common skin condition with quite a relevance. It currently affects at least 10% of the European population at some point after the age of 30. It is a chronic disorder that mainly affects the skin on the face and is characterized by outbreaks and remissions. Under normal circumstances, the skin face presents a wide range of commensal organisms, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis or Demodex folliculorum, but dysbiosis of the skin flora plays a relevant role in inflammatory processes and the development of the disease. Metronidazole (MD) is one of the main treatments indicated to red

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Mrożek, Andrzej, Mikołaj Sędzik, Jakub Rubin, Szymon Buras, Victoria Tarkowski, and Zygmunt Domagała. "Cadaver preserving methods – is it possible to do anything better?" Medical Journal of Cell Biology 10, no. 4 (2022): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0019.

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Abstract It is impossible to imagine learning anatomy without properly fixating cadavers. Thanks to accurate preservation techniques, students can differentiate anatomical structures by their sight and touch. The formalin method was first described almost 150 years ago, and as such it may seem primitive, however it is effective and easy to use, which is why it is still in use today. Despite formaldehyde’s bactericidal, fungicidal, and insecticidal properties contact with vapors of embalming solutions such as formalin may have a negative health effect. Skin drying, eczema, allergic contact derm

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